CN104656126B - A kind of method generating seismic observation system - Google Patents
A kind of method generating seismic observation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104656126B CN104656126B CN201510087912.1A CN201510087912A CN104656126B CN 104656126 B CN104656126 B CN 104656126B CN 201510087912 A CN201510087912 A CN 201510087912A CN 104656126 B CN104656126 B CN 104656126B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of method generating seismic observation system.The method includes：Set up the seismic channel set of seismic observation system to be generated；According to the attribute of default bin size and distribution rule and each bin, lay shot point and the receiving point of seismic channel set；Gridding is carried out to the shot point laid, generates and excite dot grid, gridding is carried out to the receiving point laid, generate and receive dot grid；Ask for each respectively and excite dot grid and the combination center coordinate of each reception dot grid；According to the combination center coordinate exciting dot grid and the combination center Coordinate generation seismic observation system receiving dot grid.Method according to the embodiment of the present application can generate the seismic observation system meeting demand.Thus it is not necessary to verify the attribute of seismic observation system after generating seismic observation system.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to technical field of geophysical exploration, particularly to a kind of method generating seismic observation system.
Background technology
In collection seismic prospecting data tech, technical staff can gather seismic prospecting number using seismic observation system
According to.Seismic observation system generally comprises shot point (i.e. shot point), seismic receiving point (i.e. geophone station) and the earthquake of seismic wave
Ripple shot point and the mutual alignment relation of receiving point.
Seismic observation system mainly includes at present：Orthogonal observation system, button observation system, sawtooth observation system, radiation
Observation system and ring-type observation system.
In prior art, the process generating seismic observation system is generally：Determine first between shot point and receiving point
Position relationship, then lays shot point and receiving point according to described position relationship, thus generating seismic observation system.
But, the process of above-mentioned generation seismic observation system, starting point is the position relationship between shot point and receiving point,
Do not account for the attribute of seismic observation system, the geophone offset of such as seismic observation system and azimuthal properties of distributions.Earthquake is seen
The good and bad desert area seismic data quality to collection of the attribute of examining system has considerable influence.Therefore, in the prior art, generating earthquake sight
After examining system, it usually needs the attribute of checking seismic observation system.For example, multiple seismic observation systems are generated, respectively to institute
State the seismic data that multiple seismic observation systems are gathered to be processed, analyze and contrast multiple observation systems for earthquake overlap
The impact of imaging precision, thus choose the preferable seismic observation system of imaging precision.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a kind of method generating seismic observation system, is generating seismological observation system
The attribute of seismic observation system is considered during system.Thus it is not necessary to verify earthquake after generating seismic observation system
The attribute of observation system.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of method of generation seismic observation system that the embodiment of the present application provides is so
Realize：
A kind of method generating seismic observation system, including：
Set up the seismic channel set of seismic observation system to be generated；
According to the attribute of default bin size and distribution rule and each bin, lay seismic channel set shot point and
Receiving point；
Gridding is carried out to the shot point laid, generates and excite dot grid, gridding is carried out to the receiving point laid, generate
Receive dot grid；
Ask for each respectively and excite dot grid and the combination center coordinate of each reception dot grid；
According to the combination center coordinate exciting dot grid and the combination center Coordinate generation seismological observation system receiving dot grid
System.
The technical scheme being provided from above the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application firstly generates seismic observation system
Seismic channel set；Then the attribute specification according to each bin, lays shot point and the receiving point of seismic channel set；Then right respectively
Shot point and receiving point carry out gridding；Then ask for the combination center coordinate exciting dot grid and receiving dot grid, finally give birth to
Become seismic observation system.Compared with prior art, the attribute based on each bin for the method for the embodiment of the present application lays seismic channel
The shot point of collection and receiving point, thus ultimately generated the seismic observation system meeting demand.Thus generating seismological observation system
It is not necessary to verify the attribute of seismic observation system after system.
Brief description
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Have technology description in required use accompanying drawing be briefly described it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description be only this
Some embodiments described in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise not paying creative labor
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the method generating seismic observation system of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 2 a is the schematic diagram that a kind of the embodiment of the present application common midpoint gather bin geophone offset is evenly distributed；
Fig. 2 b is a kind of the embodiment of the present application common midpoint gather bin geophone offset schematic diagram pockety；
Fig. 3 a is a kind of uniform schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application common midpoint gather bin azimuthal distribution；
Fig. 3 b is a kind of uneven schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application common midpoint gather bin azimuthal distribution；
Fig. 4 is the layout diagram of shot point corresponding to a kind of common midpoint gather of the embodiment of the present application and receiving point；
Fig. 5 a is a kind of schematic diagram that the shot point laid and receiving point are carried out with gridding of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 5 b is a kind of signal that the shot point laid and receiving point are carried out with equilateral triangle grid of the embodiment of the present application
Figure；
Fig. 6 a is the combination center schematic diagram that a kind of rectangle of the embodiment of the present application excites dot grid；
Fig. 6 b is the combination center schematic diagram that a kind of equilateral triangle of the embodiment of the present application excites dot grid；
Fig. 7 a is the geophone offset-azimuthal distribution schematic diagram of the seismic observation system that the embodiment of the present application generates；
Fig. 7 b is the geophone offset-azimuthal distribution schematic diagram of the seismic observation system that prior art generates；
Fig. 8 a is the geophone offset distribution schematic diagram of the seismic observation system that the embodiment of the present application generates；
Fig. 8 b is the geophone offset distribution schematic diagram of the seismic observation system that prior art generates.
Specific embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the application, real below in conjunction with the application
Apply the accompanying drawing in example, the enforcement it is clear that described is clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application
Example is only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, this area is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of not making creative work, all should belong to the application protection
Scope.
Under normal circumstances, the attribute of seismic observation system mainly includes geophone offset distribution, azimuthal distribution etc..Adopt in earthquake
It is desirable to the geophone offset of seismic observation system is evenly distributed and azimuthal distribution is uniform in collection design.For example, if geophone offset is distributed not
Uniformly, tilt signals and focus noise can be caused, thus affecting velocity analysiss and the stacking image precision of seismic wave.
The method that the application generates seismic observation system, as shown in figure 1, include：
S101：Set up the seismic channel set of seismic observation system to be generated.
Usually, seismic channel set is by having roughly the same geophone offset and azimuthal seismic channel forms.One earthquake is seen
Examining system generally comprises multiple seismic channel sets.Described seismic channel set includes common midpoint gather (CMP), common-depth-point gather
And CRP gather (CRP) (CDP).
According to geophysical parameterses such as purpose layer depth, thickness, speed, set up the desired seismic channel set of geological data.
S102：Design the size of each bin and the attribute of distribution rule and each bin, according to the genus of each bin
Property lay the shot point of seismic channel set and receiving point.
Described bin refers generally to the shot point and geophone station elementary cell to distribution.Wherein, shot point and geophone station are to generally
One shot point and a geophone station receiving this shot point institute Transmitted station.Bin is less, and the resolution of seismic data is higher, but
Acquisition cost can increase.Therefore, generally, need neatly to design bin size according to different surveying tasks.
In one embodiment, bin is rectangular mesh.Design the size of each bin and distribution rule includes：According to
The longitudinal surface elemental size (Binx) being pre-designed and horizontal bin size (Biny), whole work area is divided into the many of vertical and horizontal
Individual orthogonal grid.
The attribute of described bin includes the distribution of geophone offset and azimuthal distribution etc. in bin.Described azimuth refers generally to
The observed direction of detection dotted line and the angle of direct north.
According to the attribute of bin, bin can be divided into the uniform bin of geophone offset size distribution, geophone offset size distribution
The uneven bin of uneven bin, the uniform bin of azimuthal distribution, azimuthal distribution.
For example, the bin of each common midpoint gather comprises some and has different geophone offsets and azimuthal record
Road.After the completion of laying, the distribution of geophone offset in each bin is uniform, and the distribution at each bin inner orientation angle is also uniform
's.
After laying, each bin includes n (n is integer, N 1) individual direction.Wherein n is the number of detection direction.So, side
The bin that parallactic angle is evenly distributed is generally：Inside each bin, 360 ° are divided evenly into n angle.
A kind of geophone offset distribution schematic diagram of common midpoint gather bin as shown in Figure 2 a and 2 b.In figure a, b, c, d
It is respectively 4 geophone offsets.Wherein, the geophone offset of Fig. 2 a is evenly distributed, and is d.The geophone offset skewness of Fig. 2 b.
A kind of azimuthal distribution schematic diagram of common midpoint gather bin as shown in Figure 3 a and Figure 3 b shows.In figure Greek alphabet
α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ, τ, κ, λ, μ, ν, ξ, ο, σ etc. represent the angle between each detection dotted line azimuth.Wherein, Fig. 3 a
Azimuthal distribution uniformly, the angle between each detection dotted line azimuth is α.The azimuthal distribution of Fig. 3 b is uneven.
As shown in figure 4, this figure is the layout diagram of a kind of shot point corresponding to common midpoint gather and receiving point.Its
In, different dotted lines represents different common midpoint gathers.
In another embodiment, after the completion of laying, generate seismic channel set data base.Described seismic channel set data base comprises
There is the position relationship between the position of shot point and receiving point and shot point and receiving point.For example, set up in step S101
For common midpoint gather.Lay shot point and the receiving point corresponding to common midpoint gather in step s 102.Laying
Cheng Hou, generates common midpoint gather data base.
S103：Respectively gridding is carried out to the shot point laid and receiving point, generate and excite dot grid and receive dot grid.
The described quantity exciting dot grid and described reception dot grid is multiple.
Carry out gridding mode have multiple, for example：
Divide according to mesh shape, including but not limited to：
Gridding, according to shot point away from receiving point away from respectively rectangular partition being carried out to shot point and receiving point, real
Existing network is formatted；
Triangle gridding, draws away from carrying out equilateral triangle to shot point and receiving point respectively away from receiving point according to shot point
Point, realize gridding：
Mixing shaped grid, divides away from shot point is carried out with rectangle (or equilateral triangle) according to shot point, corresponds to simultaneously
Ground divides away from receiving point is carried out with equilateral triangle (or rectangle) according to receiving point, realizes gridding.
Divide by size of mesh opening, including but not limited to：
Gridding is carried out using fixed size；
Gridding is carried out using Moving grids size.
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b is the schematic diagram that two kinds of shot points to laying and receiving point carry out gridding.Wherein, Fig. 5 a is
Gridding.The horizontal size of each grid is the integral multiple (in figure is 2 times) of horizontal bin size (Biny), each grid
Longitudinal size is the integral multiple (in figure is 2 times) of longitudinal surface elemental size (Binx).
Fig. 5 b is equilateral triangle grid.The size fixed value of its length of side, generally no greater than bin longitudinal size binx and
The meansigma methodss of lateral dimension biny.
In one embodiment, after the completion of due to laying in step S102, generate seismic channel set data base.Therefore, need
Gridding is carried out to the shot point in seismic channel set data base and receiving point.
S104：Respectively to excite dot grid and receive dot grid screen.
According to work area geological tasks, shot point is distributed sparse, negligible amounts shot point mesh culling and falls.Reservation excites
What point quantity was more, densely distributed excites dot grid.Likewise, receiving point is distributed sparse, negligible amounts reception dot grid
Weed out.Retain more, the densely distributed reception dot grid of receiving point quantity.Wherein, described work area refers generally to carry out earthquake survey
The band of position visited.
For example, for some work area, after investment determines, in order to ensure to complete geological tasks, general receiving point quantity
Also determine that with shot point quantity, for example, be n.When quantity m receiving dot grid is more than n, according to receiving point in grid
Quantity be ranked up from big to small, the grid of n receiving point before reservation, reject n+1 to m between reception dot grid.When m is little
In or when being equal to n, then retain and all receive dot grids.For exciting dot grid, equally can be screened according to the method described above.
S105：The combination center coordinate exciting dot grid and receiving dot grid after asking for respectively screening.
Ask for combination center (COG) coordinate exciting dot grid retaining.Ask in the combination of reception dot grid retaining
Heart coordinate.
For example：
When the COG coordinate asking for exciting dot grid, ask for the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of all shot point x coordinate in grid, will
This arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is as the x coordinate of this grid COG.Ask for the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of all shot point y-coordinate in grid, this is calculated
Art meansigma methodss are as the y-coordinate of this grid COG.
When the COG coordinate asking for receiving dot grid, ask for the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of all receiving point x coordinate in grid, will
This arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is as the x coordinate of this grid COG.Ask for the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of all receiving point y-coordinate in grid, this is calculated
Art meansigma methodss are as the y-coordinate of this grid COG.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b is the combination center schematic diagram exciting dot grid.The pore of in figure is combination center.Wherein,
Fig. 6 a be using gridding after combination center.Fig. 6 b be using equilateral triangle grid after combination center.
S106：Using the combination center exciting dot grid coordinate as exciting point coordinates, the combination center of dot grid will be received
Coordinate as receiving point coordinates, according to exciting point coordinates and receiving point Coordinate generation seismic observation system.
Because seismic observation system generally comprises the shot point of seismic wave, the receiving point of seismic wave and position therebetween
Put relation.Therefore, the coordinate of the coordinate according to seismic observation system shot point and receiving point, can generate seismic observation system.
In one embodiment, using the combination center exciting dot grid coordinate as shot point coordinate, by receiving point
The combination center coordinate of grid is as the coordinate of receiving point.Thus set up SPS and exciting point data, receiving point data and close coefficient
According to.Excite point data, receive point data and relation data generation seismic observation system further according to SPS.
The geophone offset of the seismic observation system that Fig. 7 a generates for the embodiment of the present application-azimuthal distribution schematic diagram.Fig. 7 b is
Geophone offset-azimuthal distribution the schematic diagram of the seismic observation system that prior art generates.In Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b, color represents big gun inspection
Away from size, near circle centre position geophone offset less, edge's geophone offset is larger.Identical color represents identical geophone offset.Circle
Peripheral numerical value be shown as angle, in 0-360.
In Fig. 7 a, geophone offset is more evenly distributed in 360 degree of azimuths, particularly near the short geophone offset in the center of circle with lean on
The long geophone offset of nearly rounded edge.In Fig. 7 b, near the short geophone offset skewness in the center of circle, the long geophone offset near rounded edge divides
Cloth is also uneven.
The geophone offset distribution schematic diagram of the seismic observation system that Fig. 8 a generates for the embodiment of the present application.Fig. 8 b is prior art
The geophone offset distribution schematic diagram of the seismic observation system generating.In Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b, abscissa is geophone offset size, and vertical coordinate is
Reception channel number.
In Fig. 8 a, geophone offset be distributed as linearly, be uniformly distributed.In Fig. 8 b, geophone offset distribution is not uniform, is not earthquake
Exploration is desired.
It should be noted that the method that the present invention generates seismic observation system, according to geological tasks needs, can adopt simultaneously
Carry out shot point and receiving point laying with one or more CMP collection (or CDP collection) it is also possible to adopt different size of mesh opening simultaneously
Carry out gridding, thus being applied to all earthquake data acquisitions.
Usually, the uniformity that a good seismic observation system requirement has had.Described uniformity typically requires bin
Interior geophone offset and azimuthal be evenly distributed.
Being uniformly distributed opposite ripple, repeatedly involve the various relevant, compactings of random noise and decay and speed is divided of geophone offset
The precision of analysis is critically important.If skewness, can cause tilt signals, focus noise, primary wave that aliasing occurs, or even lead
Cause velocity analysiss mistake.
If azimuthal distribution is uneven, easily produce the problem of static correction coupling.Uniform azimuthal distribution ensure that
Around bin, the angled information of institute is involved in being superimposed.
The method of the generation seismic observation system of the present invention, initially sets up the road collection of seismic observation system, then according to face
The attribute of unit carries out the laying of shot point and receiving point.Thus it is guaranteed that the uniformity of seismic observation system.Thus generating ground
It is not necessary to analyze and verify the uniformity of seismic observation system after shake observation system.
Although the application is depicted by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application have many deformation and
Change is without deviating from spirit herein it is desirable to appended claim includes these deformation and change without deviating from the application's
Spirit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method generating seismic observation system is it is characterised in that include：
Set up the seismic channel set of seismic observation system to be generated；
Size according to default bin and the attribute of distribution rule and each bin, lay the shot point of seismic channel set and connect
Sink；
Gridding is carried out to the shot point laid, generates and excite dot grid, gridding is carried out to the receiving point laid, generate and receive
Dot grid；
Ask for each respectively and excite dot grid and the combination center coordinate of each reception dot grid；
According to the combination center coordinate exciting dot grid and the combination center Coordinate generation seismic observation system receiving dot grid；
Wherein, the described combination center coordinate asked for each respectively and excite dot grid and each reception dot grid, including：
Ask for exciting the meansigma methodss of shot point abscissa in dot grid, using this meansigma methods as the horizontal stroke exciting dot grid combination center
Coordinate；
Ask for exciting the meansigma methodss of shot point vertical coordinate in dot grid, this meansigma methods are vertical as excite dot grid combination center
Coordinate；
Ask for receiving the meansigma methodss of receiving point abscissa in dot grid, using this meansigma methods as the horizontal stroke receiving dot grid combination center
Coordinate；
Ask for receiving the meansigma methodss of receiving point vertical coordinate in dot grid, this meansigma methods are vertical as receive dot grid combination center
Coordinate.
2. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that excite dot grid and each receiving point net asking for each respectively
Before the combination center coordinate of lattice, methods described also includes：
Dot grid and described reception dot grid is excited to screen to described respectively；
Correspondingly, described ask for respectively each excite dot grid and each receive dot grid combination center coordinate include：
Each after asking for respectively screening excites the combination center coordinate of each the reception dot grid after dot grid and screening.
3. the geophone offset distribution it is characterised in that the attribute of described bin includes, in bin for the method for claim 1
And azimuthal distribution.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is it is characterised in that described default bin includes, geophone offset be evenly distributed and/or
The uniform bin of azimuthal distribution.
5. it is characterised in that described carry out gridding to the shot point laid, generation excites the method for claim 1
Dot grid, including：
Rectangular partition is carried out to the shot point laid, generates rectangle and excite dot grid.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described carry out gridding to the receiving point laid, generates and receives
Dot grid, including：
Rectangular partition is carried out to the receiving point laid, generates rectangle and receive dot grid.
7. it is characterised in that described carry out gridding to the shot point laid, generation excites the method for claim 1
Dot grid, including：
Equilateral triangle division is carried out to the shot point laid, generates equilateral triangle and excite dot grid.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described carry out gridding to the receiving point laid, generates and receives
Dot grid, including：
Equilateral triangle division is carried out to the receiving point laid, generates equilateral triangle and receive dot grid.
9. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described basis excites combination center coordinate and the reception of dot grid
The combination center Coordinate generation seismic observation system of dot grid, including：
The combination center exciting dot grid coordinate is excited point coordinates as seismic observation system to be generated, dot grid will be received
Combination center coordinate as the reception point coordinates of seismic observation system to be generated, excite point coordinates and described reception according to described
Point coordinates generates seismic observation system.
10. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described seismic channel set includes common midpoint gather, common depth point
Road collection and CRP gather.
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| CN113568033A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Design method and device of three-dimensional irregular sampling seismic acquisition observation system |
| CN111965694B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2024-01-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining position of physical point of earthquake and earthquake observation system |
| CN112130203B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-11-10 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Position quality determining method and device for excitation point and receiving point of seismic exploration |
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| US20130028048A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Soellner Walter | Methods and apparatus for seismic imaging which accounts for sea-surface variations |
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| CN102023310A (en) * | 2009-09-19 | 2011-04-20 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Uniformity analysis method of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN103605161A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-26 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Analysis method and device for common-mid-point binning properties of earthquake three-dimensional observation system |
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