CN102015277A - 用于输送包含尿素的水溶液的多层软管 - Google Patents

用于输送包含尿素的水溶液的多层软管 Download PDF

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CN102015277A
CN102015277A CN2008801283941A CN200880128394A CN102015277A CN 102015277 A CN102015277 A CN 102015277A CN 2008801283941 A CN2008801283941 A CN 2008801283941A CN 200880128394 A CN200880128394 A CN 200880128394A CN 102015277 A CN102015277 A CN 102015277A
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flexible pipe
urea
pipe
aforementioned
heating element
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佛朗哥·科洛西莫
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SumiRiko Italy SpA
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Dayco Fluid Technologies SpA
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    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/35—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • F16L53/38—Ohmic-resistance heating using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于输送包含尿素的水溶液的多层软管(1′)，包括流体的输送管(2)、加热元件(3)和绝缘层(5)。加热元件(3)为管状编织物或网状或网形元件，其中，至少一根线由导电材料(15)形成，一条带由热塑性材料(16)形成。

Description

用于输送包含尿素的水溶液的多层软管
技术领域
本发明涉及多层软管，具体地，用于输送包含尿素的水溶液。
背景技术
为了遵照新的相对于目前的标准采取更严格的废气排放限制的抗污染标准，采用所谓的SCR(选择性催化还原：Selective Catalytic Reduction)废气净化系统是已知的。具体地，这种系统适用于减少排放到大气中的氧化氮。
优选地，SCR系统用在商业和工业车辆中。
SCR系统是通过压缩空气在催化剂进口处注入包含能够与氧化氮反应的尿素或等效产物的水溶液。通常，包含32.5％的尿素的水溶液，例如通常以名字AdBlue在市场上出售的溶液是优选的。催化剂设置在废气消声器处，并且在其内部，引入的尿素与氧化氮(通常也表示为NOx)反应，从到大气中的排放物中去除它们。
包含尿素的水溶液通常包含在储液箱中，根据由电子控制单元限定的时间和方法，电子控制单元考虑诸如温度和湿度、发动机运转和速度的多种参数，从储液箱中获取包含尿素的水溶液，在与压缩空气混合之后，注入到催化剂中。
在使用中，包含尿素的溶液在装配有SCR系统的车辆在低于-12℃的温度下停车时冻结：当发动机在停车之后启动时，包含含有尿素的溶液的软管立即通过电流的经过加热。
在实际中，根据目前的大多数标准，在SCR系统最初放置在要求在-35℃的室温处的情况下，启动发动机之后需要在少于5分钟内使包含尿素的溶液达到-5℃的温度。
具体地，允许输送包含尿素的水溶液的软管必须允许流体在工作温度范围(即，-40℃和120℃之间)内流动，软管必须是柔性的，并且确保在-40℃的条件下，包含尿素的水溶液在全流量条件(即，在0和5.5L/h之间)下在任何部件中不冻结。
电加热软管和配件因此通常用于加热包含尿素的水溶液。
例如，已知的是采用由TEFLON
Figure BPA00001233018300021
管构成的加热软管，电阻器螺旋缠绕在该管的外面，并通过聚乙烯热收缩护套保持在该管上，聚乙烯热收缩护套也实现电绝缘的功能，并且还由聚酰胺波纹管覆盖。
然而，由于TEFLON
Figure BPA00001233018300022
不允许传导足够的热量来加热该管的内部，这种方案不允许获得足够快速的水溶液解冻，以满足前述要求。TEFLON
Figure BPA00001233018300023
管在它们连接至管接头的使用中还显示其它问题，并且也非常昂贵。
而且，在一些应用中，需要具有非常小的内径(特别是小于10mm)的管。
目前的管构造中没有一种允许在短时间内获得包含尿素的溶液解冻，除非它们的直径大于10mm，因为必须使用具有优选为从0.2至0.5mm(如0.3mm)直径的导线，以能够传导足以加热管中的冻结尿素的电流。
发明内容
因此本发明的目标是提供一种用于SCR系统的软管，其允许避免上述不足，并且因此允许快速地解冻包含尿素的水溶液，但有利地可以具有小于10mm的全径(total diameter)。
根据本发明，该目标通过根据权利要求1制成的软管实现。
附图说明
为了更好地理解，参照附图进一步描述本发明，在附图中：
图1为SCR系统的示意图；
图2为根据本发明制成的软管的局部截面图；和
图3为比较采用本发明制成的软管和采用根据现有技术制成的软管解冻包含尿素的溶液的解冻时间的图示。
具体实施方式
在图1中，数字1表示车辆的净化装置或SCR系统(示意性地示出)，包括可以包含含有32.5％的尿素的溶液的储液箱2、泵组件3和分配组件4，分配组件4将包含尿素的溶液与压缩空气混合，以将其发送到车辆自身的催化剂5(示意性地示出)中。
泵组件3经由输送管线6连接至分配组件4，并经由吸入管线7和再循环管线8连接至储液箱2。管线6-8包括对应的软管9，软管9可由电流加热，并经由配件连接至系统1的其它元件。
优选地，软管9至少包括：
-流体输送管12；
-加热元件13；和
-绝缘层14。
优选地，本发明的软管9因此用于输送在SCR系统中的包含尿素的水溶液。
具体地，输送管12优选由抗水解热塑性材料制成。
更优选地，输送管12由均聚酰胺(homopolyamide)或共缩聚酰胺(copolyamide)形成，且甚至更优选地，由聚酰胺12形成。
优选地，使用的聚酰胺具有高抗水解性和高抗低温性。
例如，它可以由Arkema M-AESN NOIR PIlOTL聚酰胺12形成，或可替换地由Arkema M-AESN NOIR P123TL聚酰胺12形成。
优选地，输送管12具有2和6mm之间的内径，甚至更优选地，具有3mm的内径。
加热元件13由管状编织物(braid)或网状元件13构成，并缠绕在输送管12周围，以完全覆盖它。
编织物元件13有利地通过将多股塑性材料带或塑料带16和优选由金属材料形成的至少一股导电材料或导线15编织在一起形成。塑性材料带更优选地由聚酰胺形成，但可替换地可以由聚酯形成。
例如，4或5条塑料带可以用于每股导线，所使用的编织元件可以包括4股金属线。
金属线的形状和尺寸取决于具体使用所要求的特征，而且取决于作为整体的软管的组件的尺寸。
例如，可以使用由NiCr 8020合金形成的金属线，其功率为W＝10-18W/m，电流为12V。可替换地，金属线可以完全由镍形成。
金属线可以与聚酯带编织成具有例如0.3mm的全径的编织物。
可替换地，导线15可以仅设置在织物(weave)中或在编织物的经线中。这种实施方式特别有利，因为它防止导线交叉和短路。具体地，这种方案允许使用于闭合电路的外导线的存在不必要，例如在其中存在一根用于正极且另一根用于负极的一对导线的情况中。
可替换地，编织元件13可以由导线15整体地形成，优选地，由金属材料整体地形成。
例如，编织元件13可以由2、4或8根导线构成。
为了确保正确的操作，加热元件13通常由绝缘元件14包裹。
优选地，绝缘元件14由混合挤压层14构成，且优选地，具有0.75和2.5mm之间的厚度，如，具有1.5mm的厚度。
绝缘元件14优选地由热塑性弹性体形成。
具体地，熟知热塑性弹性体(thermoplastic elastomer)也缩写为TPE。“热塑性弹性体”是指表现为弹性体、但在受热时可以像热塑性塑料一样处理的聚合材料。
优选地，它为SUNPRENE
Figure BPA00001233018300041
或SANTOPRENE
Figure BPA00001233018300042
类热塑性弹性体。
优选地，使用具有其中密集分散动态交联弹性相(dynamically crosslinked elastomeric phase)的聚热烯烃基质的塑性弹性体。
更优选地，聚烯烃基质为聚丙烯，弹性相为EPDM。
可替换地，可以使用由热塑性塑料/弹性体交替嵌段共聚物的热塑性弹性体。
例如，有利的是采用具有PBT-基热塑性塑料和聚酯二醇基弹性交替嵌段共聚物的热塑性弹性体。
可替换地，绝缘元件14可以由聚亚安酯形成。更优选地，它可以由开孔或闭孔聚氨酯泡沫体形成。更优选地，它由闭孔聚氨酯泡沫体形成。
根据上述结构制造的软管9具有外径，该外径甚至可以仅为8mm，同时，能够在比已知软管少的时间内，甚至比5分钟少的时间内，实现包含尿素的水溶液的解冻。
编织元件13经由将导线连接至第一端的第一夹具和用于连接器的第二夹具20电连接。
根据优选的实施方式，每个夹具与编织元件13接触，且具体地，与导电材料线接触，以限定与导电材料线的电连接。
有利地，夹具完全围绕编织元件13的对应端部，并包括刚性连接的第一端部和第二端部，如，第一端部和第二端部配合并且随后以‘S’形折叠，以沿径向方向获得紧凑的结构。
明显的是，在不偏离本发明的保护范围的条件下，可以对在此描述和图示的软管进行多种改变，具体地可以对形成各层的化学成分的百分比和各层的相对厚度，以及层本身的数量进行多种改变。例如，可以包括其它加强层或改善耐化学特征的层，或阻挡层，。
而且，明显的是，虽然参照的是包含尿素的水溶液的输送，但根据本发明制成的软管有利地可以用在其中由该软管输送的流体需要被加热的所有系统中。
在前述描述中，根据本发明制成的软管的优点是明显的；具体地，经由这种软管，可行的是在比已知的软管少的时间内加热液体，同时，可行的是具有足够柔软的软管，在有限的成本情况下，具有比已知的软管小的直径。
现在将经由非限制性的例子描述本发明。
实施例1
表1示出根据本发明制成的软管的例子，表2和3示出了软管的比较成分的例子。
采用具有3×5mm的相同直径的输送管实现所述例子。
表1
Figure BPA00001233018300051
表2
Figure BPA00001233018300061
表3
图3中的图示1示出了包含在根据本发明的软管中和在比较软管中的含有32.5％的尿素的水溶液温度值随时间的变化趋势，该软管的成分在上文中在表1中描述，比较软管的成分在表2和3中示出。
这种温度通过将其中引入有包含尿素的水溶液的软管引入其中稳定在-35℃的温度的密封试验箱中测量。以这种方式，包含在其中的溶液冻结，达到-35℃的温度。
在稳定温度之后，缠绕在输送管上的电阻器的电连接被连接至24V的电源，由此流过3.8A的电流。
放置在软管内部的一系列热电偶允许确定水溶液的温度。
明显可以看出的是，使用根据本发明制成的软管允许在5分钟内使包含尿素的水溶液的温度达到-5℃，而采用已知的软管不能达到这种限制。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于输送尿素的软管(1)，包括：流体输送管(12)、加热元件(13)和绝缘元件(14)，其特征在于，所述加热元件由包括至少一根导电材料线的管状编织元件(13)构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述编织元件(13)包括至少一对所述导电材料线。
3.根据权利要求2所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述编织元件(13)包括仅在编织物中或仅在经线中的导线。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述编织元件(13)还包括至少一个热塑性材料带(15)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述绝缘元件(14)包括热塑性弹性体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述热塑性弹性体包括其中密集分散弹性材料相的聚烯烃基质。
7.根据权利要求6所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述聚烯烃基质包括聚丙烯。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述弹性材料相为EPDM。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述导线(16)包括Ni。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料带由均聚酯或共聚多酯形成，或由均聚酰胺或共缩聚酰胺形成。
11.根据权利要求10所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料带包括聚酯。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述输送管(12)包括均聚酰胺或共缩聚酰胺。
13.根据权利要求12所述的软管(1)，其特征在于，所述输送管(12)由聚酰胺12形成。
14.一种车辆废气净化装置(1)，包括容纳包含尿素的溶液的储液箱(2)、泵组件(3)、催化剂(5)和用于输送所述包含尿素的溶液的至少一个软管(9)，所述软管包括流体输送管(12)、加热元件(13)和绝缘元件(14)，其特征在于，所述加热元件由包括至少一根导电材料线的管状编织元件(13)构成。
15.一种车辆废气净化装置，包括容纳包含尿素的溶液的储液箱(2)、泵组件(3)、催化剂(5)和根据权利要求1-13中任一项的至少一个软管(9)。
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