CN102015125B - 磁性颜料涂层、层压制品及其制作方法 - Google Patents

磁性颜料涂层、层压制品及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN102015125B
CN102015125B CN200880129051.7A CN200880129051A CN102015125B CN 102015125 B CN102015125 B CN 102015125B CN 200880129051 A CN200880129051 A CN 200880129051A CN 102015125 B CN102015125 B CN 102015125B
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viscosity
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迈克尔·卢卡斯
安德烈·梅洛尼
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Actega Rhenania GmbH
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Abstract

本发明公开一种制造材料的方法，该材料当与适当波长的电磁辐射或者与电场、磁场或电磁场相互作用时显示各向异性特性，所述材料包括包含粒子的组分，所述组分能够与所述辐射或场相互作用，以实现或有助于所述各向异性材料特性，所述粒子在所述辐射或场或者不同的辐射或场的影响下能够空间移动，其中，以允许粒子空间移动的粘度来提供材料或适当的前体材料；将材料或前体材料暴露于辐射或场，以导致粒子的空间移动，直到粒子的位置对应于期望的各向异性特性为止，并且提高材料或前体材料的粘度，使得在没有辐射或场的情况下仍保持在先前步骤中获得的粒子的位置，由此所述材料可包括由至少一个中间层连接的至少两个相同的或不同的预制基底，由此所述中间层完全地或部分地包含粒子，并且如果磁场或电磁场用于空间移动粒子，则所述材料包括由所述层连接的所述至少两个基底，并且当以可见光照射所完成的材料时，各向异性特性产生裸眼可见的三维显现光学效果。

Description

磁性颜料涂层、层压制品及其制作方法
本发明涉及一种制造材料的方法，当该材料与适当波长的电磁辐射或者与电场、磁场或电磁场相互作用时，该材料显示各向异性特性。
本发明还涉及采用该方法可获得的或者所获得的产品，特别地包括层压产品。
本发明还涉及该方法的用于多种目的的用途。
已知如下方法：通过在磁场中对磁性颜料粒子或可磁化颜料粒子进行定向，在表面涂层中产生可视效果。
因此，例如，在US 2 570 856、DE 40 41 467以及DE 101 14 445中描述了磁场中的金属粒子的定向。
例如，在DE 20 06 848、DE 36 17 430、DE 43 13 541、DE 43 40 141以及DE 44 19 173中描述了使用金属氧化物的类似方法。
例如，根据DE 39 38 055和EP 0 710 508已知可以在相似的环境中使用铁磁化合物。
在DE 44 38 743、EP 0 641 461、EP 0 406 667、EP 0 556 449、DE 102004 035 866以及EP 0 710 508中描述了适合于实施这种方法的设备。
在这些参考文献的至少一些中，描述了能够通过实施这种方法获得的产品，以及适合于制造这种产品的材料。
在以上参考文献中描述的方法基本上限于对磁相互作用的使用，并且要求磁性颜料粒子或可磁化颜料粒子的存在，或者颜料粒子与磁性非颜料粒子或可磁化非颜料粒子的混合物的存在。
针对该背景，本申请的一个目的是提供制造最初提及的材料的替代方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种主要使用磁相互作用的制造方法，以制造层压材料和类似材料，该层压材料和类似材料包括由中间层连接的至少两个预制基底。
本发明的另一目的涉及提供具有顶部涂层或表面涂层的产品，为该产品提供该创造性的制造方法可为该产品提供的特性。
本发明的另一重要目的是提供层压产品，其呈现通过应用该创造性的方法而提供的特性。
本发明的其它目的涉及包括根据本发明的材料的多种产品。
其它目的涉及将该创造性的方法用于为多种应用提供特定类型的各向异性特性。
根据随后对本发明更详细的描述，包括本发明的实施例示例，本发明的其它目的和优点将是明显的。
一般地，本发明的目的通过独立权利要求的主题而达到。
更具体地，该创造性的方法(如例如在所附权利要求1中所定义的)落入两个宽的类别，然而，所述两个宽的类别共享共同的特征集合。
一般地，本发明的方法包括制造材料，当该材料与适当波长的电磁辐射或者与电场、磁场或电磁场相互作用时，该材料显示各向异性特性。所述材料包括自身包括粒子的组分。该组分(因此，一般地，该组分的粒子成分)能够以影响或导致各向异性材料特性的方式，或者以至少为所述各向异性材料特性提供相关贡献的方式，与所述电磁辐射或者电场、磁场或电磁场相互作用。
为实现此目的，至少在制造过程的进程中的某个时间点，在已经提及的电磁辐射或者电场、磁场或电磁场的影响下，所述粒子是能够空间移动的，或者在不同的电磁辐射或者电场、磁场或电磁场的影响下，它们是能够空间移动的。
在本申请的含义中，“粒子”包括所有类型的能够独立地空间移动的粒子，其具有适当的大小，一般在从纳米粒子到直径为若干毫米以及更大的粒子的范围内。粒子可由在以上参考文献中公开的材料和/或在本说明书中提及的材料中的任何材料形成，只要它们能够与电磁辐射和/或磁场、电场或电磁场相互作用，以将它们空间移动到期望的位置，并且导致所完成的材料的各向异性特性即可。
在本公开的含义中的“相互作用”包括一方面的特定材料与另一方面的电磁辐射和/或电场、磁场或电磁场之间的所有类型的相互作用。具体地，其包括粒子对辐射或场的反射、吸收以及衰减。
在执行该创造性的方法的过程中，以允许粒子的空间移动的粘度提供材料(其在它的完成状态下显示上述各向异性特性)或适当的前体材料(其稍后被转化、固化或者以其它方式改变以产生最终材料)。
换言之，在各向异性材料的制造过程期间存在如下时间点：材料或适当的前体材料具有相对低的粘度，该粘度足够低以使得可导致粒子在适当波长的电磁辐射或者电场、磁场或电磁场的影响下进行空间移动。在这种充分低粘度的状态下，然后将材料暴露于所述辐射或场，使得粒子空间移动并且获得适合于产生所期望的各向异性特性的取向或位置。
通过任何已知方法，例如喷射、翻滚、浇注或铸造、印刷、浸渍、辊涂、旋转蒸发、静电粉涂覆以及适合于放置组分的任何其它已知方法，可例如在基底上施加包括粒子的组分。最初讨论的参考文献的方法一般是适合的并且通过引用合并于此。
以适当的粘度、并且以所述辐射或场的适当的强度将材料或前体材料暴露于该辐射或场适当的持续时间，从而导致粒子的空间移动，并且该空间移动持续进行直至粒子达到与期望的各向异性特性对应的位置为止。
一旦这已发生，则例如通过冷却材料、或者物理干燥、或者固化材料、或者某种其它适当的改变来提高材料或前体材料的粘度。这是以如下方式完成的：在辐射或场的影响下获得的粒子的位置被“冻结”，即，在没有辐射或场的情况下仍保持该位置。在该粘度提高步骤期间，对辐射或场的暴露可根据需要而连续或不连续，只要粒子保持在它们的期望位置即可。
粒子的该取向具有为所完成的材料提供期望的各向异性特性的效果，然后通过将所述材料暴露于适当的电磁辐射或者适当的电场、磁场或电磁场，该各向异性特性可以在所完成的材料中被检测到，其中，所述适当的电磁辐射或者适当的电场、磁场或电磁场可以是或者可以不是在定向粒子的制造步骤的过程中所使用的相同辐射或场。
在该创造性的方法的一个宽的类别或方面中，通过磁场或电磁场导致粒子的空间移动或取向，并且所完成的材料的各向异性特性是显著的，其在于它们给出了裸眼可见的三维显现光学效果，然后以可见光照射所完成的材料。在最初提及的参考文献中讨论了该类型的各向异性特性。在这种情况下，该创造性的方法要求材料包括至少两个相同的或不同的预制基底，该预制基底通常为鞘(sheath)或网(web)的形式，然后由至少一个中间层连接该基底。这是层压制品和类似的合成基底的典型结构。
在这种情况下，该创造性的方法要求连接至少两个基底的中间层完全地或部分地包括导致或有助于所完成的材料的各向异性特性的粒子。
在该创造性的方法的另一个宽的类别或方面中，用于导致粒子的空间移动的力可以是任何电磁辐射和/或电场、磁场或电磁场，并且为呈现材料的各向异性特性，材料可以与任何电磁辐射和/或电场、磁场或电磁场相互作用，只要在磁场或电磁场用于空间移动粒子的情况下，用于呈现所完成的材料的各向异性特性的辐射或场不是可见光即可，其中，如在上述参考文献中那样，当可见光照射所完成的材料时，可见光与所完成的材料的各向异性特性相互作用，以产生裸眼可见的三维显现光学效果。
在该第二方面中，导致空间移动的辐射或场可以与稍后用于与各向异性材料相互作用的辐射或场相同。
在本发明的该第二方面中，用于空间移动粒子的辐射可以是电辐射或电场。于是，可有利的是粒子提供有离子或电偶极电荷，并且电辐射或电场包括不均匀或均匀的静电场，或交变电场。
在本发明的两个方面的优选实施例中，用于空间移动粒子的场是永磁体的场或电磁体的场。
已惊奇地发现粒子的空间移动可导致包括所述粒子的材料层的变化的厚度，只要所述材料层的粘度足够低即可。因此，该创造性的方法可用于改变这种材料层的厚度。优选地，这将是所完成的材料的外层。该创造性的方法的该方面可用于有意地产生所述层的表面轮廓，例如用于产生可触知的(tangible)图案。一个示例将是盲文(Braille)字母的形成。
材料的各向异性特性可用于产生裸眼不可见的、但是可利用适当的辐射或场(例如，红外或质谱分析)检测到的图案。
要提供有各向异性特性的材料的组分(其包括所述粒子)例如可包括：磁性颜料材料或可磁化颜料材料；与磁性粒子或可磁化粒子混合的非磁性颜料材料或不可磁化颜料材料；涂有颜料的磁性材料或可磁化材料；以及多种其它材料。
在优选实施例中，组分包括从如下材料中选择的粒子：金属材料；涂有金属氧化物或二氧化硅的金属材料；铁磁材料；铁氧体材料；以及通过将非磁性材料与磁性材料或可磁化材料结合形成的材料。
粒子可以是片状、针状或者甚至球状。可使用金属粉，例如铁粉、镍粉、钴粉、来源于羰基铁和/或硅铁的粉。颜料可包括钴镍尖晶石、氧化铁、以及在以上引用的文献中公开的其它材料。
包括粒子的组分可以是材料或前体材料的单独组分，或者包括粒子的组分可形成所述前体材料或材料。一般地，包括粒子的组分将包括用于粒子的载体或粘结剂，其中，在许多优选实施例中，将以充足的量提供该载体或粘结剂，从而以允许粒子单独的空间移动的方式来嵌入粒子，只要粘结剂或载体材料具有适当低的粘度即可。
典型的载体或粘结剂系统包括清漆系统和粘合剂系统，其包括物理固化或化学固化的涂层，例如水性或溶剂型热塑性材料或硬质塑料材料。可替选地，这种系统可包括无溶剂系统，例如UV(紫外线)固化清漆、粉涂层、液体零VOC系统(例如，环氧胺或烃基异氰酸酯)以及搪瓷涂层。在大部分实施例中，重要的是材料或前体材料的粘度(或者假设仅仅是在这样的材料或前体材料中包括粒子的组分的粘度)能够以可提供允许粒子空间移动的低粘度的方式而被热改变或者经由溶剂或稀释剂材料的浓度来改变，然而一旦得到粒子的期望取向，则可以例如通过冷却或通过去除溶剂或稀释剂来提高粘度以“冻结”粒子的取向。当然，在可固化的材料中，未固化的状态可提供用于定向粒子的必要低粘度，并且然后可通过使材料固化来实现“冻结”粒子。
在许多实施例中，粒子被包含于所完成的材料的表层中，并且通过将顶部涂层材料或表面涂层材料涂覆到适当的基底上来制作所述表层。于是，被涂覆到基底上的材料可包含粒子，或者甚至可以稍后再将粒子添加到这种涂层材料。
在本发明的与层压制品和类似材料有关的方面中，粒子被包含于中间层中，用于粒子的粘结剂或载体可以是层压粘合剂，特别地，在粘合剂固化或干燥前处于低粘度，以将基底接合在一起，从而形成最终的层压材料。
用于空间移动粒子的电磁辐射或者电场、磁场或电磁场例如可以是通过永磁体或电磁体提供的。
永磁体可以是稀土磁体(例如，钕/铁/硼)、铁氧体磁体(例如，锶铁氧体或钡铁氧体)，以及特别地在后者的情况下，永磁体可采取嵌入在聚乙烯膜中的磁粉的形式，以形成柔性磁膜。这种膜例如可以从Rheinmagnet购得，其商品名称为“Permaflex”。这种膜可以被切割以形成图案或形状。优选地使用轴向磁化膜，用于在材料中形成字母或标志。这允许产生相当大的三维效果。
适合的电磁体可以是具有铁芯的DC或AC线圈。芯的端面可被整形，以在包括粒子的材料中产生图案。
若干磁体的阵列能够用来产生复杂的图案；可替选地，单个磁体可以是足够的。
这种磁体可以用于与携带包含粒子的组分的基板直接接触；并且在该情况下，优选地接触基板没有携带组分的部位。
特别地，在使用磁膜的情况下，这种材料可被放置在加工机器的辊上。可替选地，磁体可被静止地放置或者可以是可移动的以跟随包括粒子的材料的移动路径。
在使用另一类型的辐射或场的情况下，可以以类似于上述关于磁体的方式使用相应的设备。
在该创造性的方法中使用的、以及用于创造性的产品的基板包括金属(从非常薄的膜到片材料)、聚合物膜、纸、硬纸板、玻璃、陶瓷、木材、混凝土、织物(纺织品或无纺布)以及能够携带包括上述粒子的组分的多种其它材料。
根据本发明制成的材料具有多种用途。基本上，这些用途包括如用于产生美学效果的装饰用途。其它用途在于广告、标记、防伪、以及内容(说明、指示等)的传播。
其它用途在于提供技术效果，例如对辐射的特定反射或吸收。
根据本发明制成的产品包括：封装材料，例如直立袋(stand-uppouch)；袋，包括薄膜袋；容器，包括桶、盒等。
其它用途包括：装饰的或刻有标记的板、墙段；交通标志；广告招贴；覆盖织物，例如提供有广告或说明的油布；例如交通工具特别是汽车上的表面涂层，以及更多这种应用。
实施例示例1
包含大约40％的商业上可获得的氧化铁黄色颜料(例如，Bayferrox3960)的聚酯颜料浓缩物(ACTEGA Rhenania GmbH的Y1-H107)被施加到具有大约25g/m2的干燥膜重量的铝片材料。该片被放置在电磁体上，并且令氧化铁粒子在电磁体的场中再定向，从而形成期望的图案。
然后通过在涂层上吹热空气来去除溶剂；一旦粘度足够高以“固定”颜料粒子，则电磁体被关断，并且经过在260℃热固化15秒来完成材料。
实施例示例2
为溶剂型聚酯/异氰酸酯层压粘合剂(ACTEGA Rhenania GmbH的LH066A)提供10％的商业上可获得的可磁化羰基铁粉(例如，Art.44890Fluka)。LaboCombi机器用于将该层压粘合剂涂覆到23μm的PET基底膜上。颜料经过在干燥通道中从最终涂覆有磁膜(Permaflex PF928)的传输辊上通过而被定向。然后，在120℃下将该基底对60μm的PE膜进行层压。
实施例示例3
在转印纸上使用溶剂型丙烯酸转印清漆(ACTEGA Rhenania的D1297型)，其载有20％的钴-镍-铬-铁-尖晶石粒子(ACTEGA Rhenania的
Figure BPA00001253116600071
R106)，经过将转印纸从相应的磁化装置上通过来初步产生基本图形(motif)，随后在室温下干燥一天。
在移除转印纸之后，转印清漆于是被暂时固定到陶瓷基底上，并且在1050℃的典型温度下燃烧该转印清漆，这导致有机清漆的完全去除并且将钴镍尖晶石粒子固定在陶瓷表面上。在该过程中保留了期望的三维视觉效果。

Claims (21)

1.一种制造材料的方法，当以可见光照射所完成的材料时，所述材料显示各向异性特性，所述各向异性特性产生裸眼可见的三维显现光学效果，所述材料包括包含粒子的组分，所述组分能够与所述可见光相互作用，以实现或有助于所述各向异性材料特性，所述粒子在磁场的影响下能够空间移动，所述材料还包括至少两个相同的或不同的预制基底，所述两个相同的或不同的预制基底由至少一个中间层连接，由此所述中间层完全地或部分地包含所述粒子，其中：
a)以允许所述粒子的空间移动的粘度来提供所述材料或适当的前体材料；
b)将所述材料或前体材料暴露于所述磁场，以导致粒子的空间移动，直到所述粒子的位置对应于期望的各向异性特性；以及
c)提高所述材料或前体材料的粘度，使得在没有所述磁场的情况下仍保持先前步骤中获得的所述粒子的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，用于空间移动所述粒子的所述磁场是永磁体的场或电磁体的场。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述粒子的空间移动用于导致包含所述粒子的材料层的变化的厚度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，产生所述层的表面轮廓。
5.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述组分包含从以下材料中选择的粒子：金属材料；铁磁材料；以及通过将非磁性材料与磁性材料或可磁化材料结合形成的材料，和／或其中，热改变或者经由溶剂或稀释剂的浓度来改变所述材料或前体材料的粘度，和／或其中，通过永磁膜、辊或板来实现所述粒子的空间移动，和／或其中，通过电磁装置实现所述粒子的空间移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述金属材料包括涂有氧化物的金属材料、或者所述铁磁材料包括铁氧体材料。
7.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述粒子被包含在层压材料的中间层中，所述层压材料还包括层压粘合剂，所述粘合剂接合两个片状的预制基底。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，当所述粘合剂的粘度在层压步骤之前、期间或之后与其最终值相比仍较低时，实现所述粒子的空间移动。
9.一种制造材料的方法，当以可见光照射所完成的材料时，所述材料显示各向异性特性，所述各向异性特性产生裸眼可见的三维显现光学效果，所述材料包括包含粒子的组分，所述组分能够与所述可见光相互作用，以实现或有助于所述各向异性材料特性，所述粒子在电磁场的影响下能够空间移动，所述材料还包括至少两个相同的或不同的预制基底，所述两个相同的或不同的预制基底由至少一个中间层连接，由此所述中间层完全地或部分地包含所述粒子，其中：
a)以允许所述粒子的空间移动的粘度来提供所述材料或适当的前体材料；
b)将所述材料或前体材料暴露于所述电磁场，以导致粒子的空间移动，直到所述粒子的位置对应于期望的各向异性特性；以及
c)提高所述材料或前体材料的粘度，使得在没有所述电磁场的情况下仍保持先前步骤中获得的所述粒子的位置。
10.一种通过根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法可获得的或者所获得的层压产品。
11.一种包括通过至少一个中间层接合的至少两个基底的层压产品，其中，所述中间层包括如权利要求1至9中任一项方法所定义的粒子，其中，当以裸眼观察时，所述层压产品显示由所述粒子的各向异性空间排列导致的三维显现光学效果。
12.根据任一前述权利要求所述的层压产品，其中，所述基底中的至少之一是聚合物膜或者纸或硬纸板材料，和／或其中，所述基底中的至少之一是金属箔。
13.封装材料或容器，其包括根据权利要求1至9中的任一项方法可获得的材料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的封装材料或容器，其中，所述封装材料或容器为袋或盒的形式。
15.根据权利要求14所述的封装材料或容器，其中，所述袋包括直立袋或薄膜袋。
16.一种硬覆盖物或建筑部件，包括根据权利要求1至9中的任一项可获得的材料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的硬覆盖物或建筑部件，其中，所述硬覆盖物或建筑部件包括板或墙段。
18.一种柔性片型元件，包括根据权利要求1至9中的任一项方法可获得的材料。
19.根据权利要求18所述的柔性片型元件，其中，所述元件为油布的形式。
20.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法的用途，用于产生标记、代码、象形图、铭文或任何其它可读图案。
21.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法在辐射或场的屏蔽、反射或传输应用中的用途。
CN200880129051.7A 2008-05-07 2008-05-07 磁性颜料涂层、层压制品及其制作方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102015125B (zh)

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