CN102011640A

CN102011640A - Primary-cylinder four-stroke intercooled regenerative internal-combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN102011640A
Application number: CN2010105112999A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩培洲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-10-19
Filing date: 2010-10-19
Publication date: 2011-04-13
Also published as: WO2012051796A1

Abstract

The invention provides a primary-cylinder four-stroke intercooled regenerative internal-combustion engine, which comprises a primary cylinder (36), a secondary cylinder (62), an intercooler (28) and a regenerator (80), wherein compressed air exhausted from a baffle valve (15) and an exhaust check valve (23), which are arranged on the primary cylinder, are cooled by an intercooler and the heat of compression is transferred to the outside to ensure that the compression process is performed in an approximate isothermal state, so the compression power consumed by pistons is lowered; the cooled low-temperature compressed air is delivered to the regenerator by the secondary cylinder and heated by exhaust air in an external exhaust pipe and the major part of heat in the exhaust air is recovered, so fuel charge during power doing by combustion is reduced correspondingly; and due to the adoption of a low-radiation cylinder structure and the recycling the heat of exhaust air, the thermal efficiency of the internal-combustion engine is improved considerably. The engine can serve as a power device for a ship, power plant or power source, particularly power device for vehicles due to a function of recycling braking energy.

Description

Cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the master cylinders four-stroke

Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, particularly cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the master cylinders four-stroke.

Background technique is in the patent of invention specification of " 02125235.1 " at application number, though in described cold regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine also possessed fully can improve thermal efficiency of cycle in the circulation of cold backheat, but because this internal-combustion engine is to have increased the structure complexity of motor for secondary cylinder provides pressurized air as air pump by the cylinder of calming the anger that other establishes.Simultaneously, the gas outlet valve that is located on the cylinder of calming the anger still can not adapt to higher engine speed.Because the heat that loses in exhaust of internal-combustion engine is very big, therefore, necessary develop on the structure more perfect can to exhaust gas heat recycle novel in cold backheating internal-combustion engines.

Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is to provide cold backheating internal-combustion engines in a kind of improved master cylinders four-stroke at the deficiency in the cold regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine in above-mentioned, this internal-combustion engine can not only allow master cylinders has provides the loop compression air for secondary cylinder air pump function, and the outgassing nonreturn valve structure on it more can adapt to the higher rotation speed of motor.

Cold backheating internal-combustion engines comprises the master cylinders that has inlet and exhaust valve in the master cylinders four-stroke of the present invention, the secondary cylinder that is communicated with master cylinders and regenerator by different valves, the little secondary cylinder that is communicated with regenerator and interstage cooler by different valves, the outgassing nonreturn valve that leads to interstage cooler is located on the cylinder cap of master cylinders, this outgassing nonreturn valve is landed on the valve seat of band vent by the spring action at the back side, before outgassing nonreturn valve, also be provided with a retaining valve that structure is identical with inlet and exhaust valve, the valve stem of this retaining valve pass valve seat central authorities and on the trapping sleeve pipe controlled by the retaining gas cam on the cylinder cap, open after the capable compression process of shift-in on the piston of retaining valve in master cylinders, close during to top dead center in that piston is capable, after the retaining valve-closing, the controlled unlatching of lift valve between secondary cylinder and the master cylinders, gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder is good to the position apart from the top dead center certain distance that sets, gas distribution piston is capable when the top dead center, and lift valve is closed.

In two-pack cylinder crosshead type, secondary cylinder is made of the upper space of gas distribution piston in the subsidiary cylinder, little secondary cylinder is made of the lower space of gas distribution piston, and gas distribution piston passes down cylinder cap through the bottom piston rod, crosshead and connecting rod link to each other with secondary crankshaft, and the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft equals 1/2 of speed of crankshaft.

Divide in the turnon type at the two-pack cylinder, secondary cylinder is in the subsidiary cylinder that sets up, little secondary cylinder is in the little subsidiary cylinder that sets up, but two secondary cylinders get final product opposed layout, also V-type arrangement around secondary crankshaft, when master cylinders single cylinder or twin-tub, two secondary cylinders also can in upright arrangement be arranged, and little secondary cylinder makes its swept volume less than secondary cylinder by the corresponding crank pin radius that reduces cylinder diameter or reduce little secondary cylinder on the secondary crankshaft, and the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft equals 1/2 of speed of crankshaft.

In single secondary cylinder type, described little secondary cylinder and secondary cylinder merge the back and form a secondary cylinder, this pair cylinder except that through lift valve with master cylinders is communicated with, two air valves that are communicated with regenerator and the gas charging valve that is communicated with interstage cooler also all are located on the cylinder cap of secondary cylinder, and the secondary crankshaft that drives gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder is identical with the rotating speed of bent axle.

Setting for lift valve in the two-pack cylinder type, lift valve is placed upside down in above the secondary cylinder and is in the position of avoiding suction valve, when lift valve is closed, its valve head is landed on the valve seat of the air vent that is communicated with the master cylinders upper lateral part, be provided with the through hole that oil sprayer is installed at the center of lift valve, the outside is fixed on the oil nozzle of the oil sprayer on the cylinder cap and stretches in the through hole of lift valve, on the valve head of lift valve, be provided be circular layout be separated with some guide vanes of certain radial clearance with valve seat, these guide vanes are formed with certain tilt angle with the radial air flow that flows to air vent that comes from secondary cylinder, and the glow plug that puts in air vent is housed on cylinder cap.

Lift valve also can be provided with like this in each type, on the valve seat of lift valve curved air vent between master cylinders and secondary cylinder and below being landed in, the lower side of curved air vent is communicated with master cylinders, be provided with the through hole that oil sprayer is installed at the center of lift valve, the outside is fixed on the oil nozzle of the oil sprayer on the cylinder cap shell and stretches in the through hole of lift valve, at curved air vent downside turning glow plug is installed, this glow plug reaches curved air vent through passing the secondary crankshaft case and avoiding secondary crankshaft with the long sleeve pipe that passes secondary cylinder outside water jacket.

For the retaining valve is further controlled, the pressure ring of outgassing nonreturn valve on it at the retaining valve back side is by top spring action, pressure ring then links to each other with the armature of stretching in automatically controlled coil through sleeve pipe, or allow the one-way valve of giving vent to anger directly link to each other with the sleeve pipe that has armature, after the piston stroking upward in the master cylinders begins compression process, automatically controlled coil be energized can be before pressurized air will be washed outgassing nonreturn valve open to piston capable during to top dead center attraction armature make spring no longer act on outgassing nonreturn valve.

In middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, also be provided with the power stability system, on the connecting pipeline between the outlet side of regenerator and the suction valve, be respectively equipped with temperature transducer and the pressure transducer that is communicated with ECU (Electrical Control Unit), after just changing the accelerator pedal position of control fuel injection quantity, when the temperature and pressure in the regenerator rose or reduce, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) can be controlled oil pump device and the corresponding minimizing of oil sprayer or increase fuel injection quantity.

In automobile-used, be provided with the braking energy recycling system in the cold backheating internal-combustion engines, this system comprises through what corresponding signal lines was controlled by ECU (Electrical Control Unit) and is installed in the stop valve on the connecting pipeline between regenerator and the suction valve, has the turnover valve and by turnover air pipe and the gas receiver that the connecting pipeline of regenerator inlet end is connected, also comprises the valve control machanism of the control inlet and exhaust valve working state that is located on the cylinder cap; During normal vehicle operation, stop valve is opened, the turnover valve cuts out, and when car brakeing need be reclaimed braking energy, the turnover opening of valves is closed, allowed to ECU (Electrical Control Unit) control stop valve, and the pressurized air that motor produces enters gas receiver; When utilizing braking energy, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) allows stop valve and turnover opening of valves, motor utilize pneumatically operated in the gas receiver, and valve control machanism then allows motor not produce pressurized air.

For cooperating the braking energy recycling system, the drive controller of described valve control machanism links to each other with chosen axis in the cylinder cap, on chosen axis, be provided with the air inlet jacking block that is in different amount and is arranged in order of control intake valve, jacking block and venting jacking block advance to exit, also be provided with the exhaust jacking block of control exhaust valve, be respectively equipped with the middle pushing block that is contained in the slide opening above the jacking block at each, pushing block withstands in the axle nest of corresponding rocking arm one end above it by the top on its top in the middle of each, pushing block is contained in the slide opening side by side in the middle of three of the control intake valve, three corresponding side by side intake rockers on it, advancing to exit rocking arm can be by the corresponding intake cam on the camshaft with the middle part of venting rocking arm, advance releasing cam and releasing cam is controlled respectively, three side by side the other end of rocking arm be pressed in simultaneously one controlling below on the shared slave arm of intake valve, the exhaust rocker arm the other end of exhaust valve directly is pressed on the valve stem of exhaust valve, when adapting to motor different operating state, by corresponding rocking arm above the selected middle pushing block jack-up of corresponding jacking block on it of chosen axis, make this rocking arm be raised to the position that can be pressed control, do not contacted with cam on the camshaft by all the other rocking arms of jack-up by corresponding cam on the camshaft; During the normal air inlet of motor, air inlet jacking block on the chosen axis rises intake rocker, allow intake valve be controlled by intake cam, when reclaiming braking energy, the jacking block that advances to exit makes into the venting rocking arm rise, allow intake valve be advanced that releasing cam is controlled in the intake process after the open and close, open and close in work done and exhaust process again, exhaust valve cuts out all the time in this process, when utilizing braking energy, the venting jacking block rises the venting rocking arm, allows intake valve be deflated cam and is controlled at unlatching in the intake process, closes when compression discharging process finishes.

The interstage cooler of middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines also is provided with the shunting cooling control system, in this system, the outgassing nonreturn valve of part or most of adjacent each master cylinders respectively the steam outlet pipe through having commutation valve plate and by-pass flow pipe with set up or in groups interstage cooler inlet end is connected, by-pass flow pipe on each steam outlet pipe directly or through several the by-pass flow pipelines that accumulate respectively with corresponding respectively set up or in groups the outlet pipe of interstage cooler outlet side be communicated with, the outlet pipe of these interstage coolers is communicated with corresponding little secondary cylinder through gas charging valve respectively again, each little secondary cylinder is connected with the outflow pipeline that has synchronous communicating valve plate and by-pass flow pipe through gas outlet valve again, each flows out pipeline and leads to the connecting pipeline that communicates with the regenerator inlet end, and after respectively flowing out the integrated total by-pass flow pipeline of by-pass flow manifold on the pipeline, be connected with the connecting pipeline of regenerator outlet side, be communicated with through the corresponding secondary cylinder of suction valve and each respectively again by this pipeline; In or during low-power, commutation valve plate deflection on part or the most of master cylinders steam outlet pipe communicates with the by-pass flow pipe, the pressurized air that allows this part master cylinders discharge is walked around interstage cooler, simultaneously, the synchronous communicating valve plate of the little secondary cylinder of each of corresponding side also deflection and by-pass flow pipe trench is logical, and the pressurized air that allows this part little secondary cylinder discharge is walked around the connecting pipeline that regenerator flows to the regenerator outlet side through total by-pass flow pipe.

In the present invention the master cylinders of cold backheating internal-combustion engines because of have the air pump function can provide carry out in behind the cold backheat circuit pressurized air, not only simplified the structure of motor, and the intake process that is carried out in the master cylinders also helps to reduce suffered heat load after cylinder adopts the low heat emission structure because of saving the cylinder of calming the anger.Set outgassing nonreturn valve makes it more can adapt to higher engine speed after combined with the retaining valve on the master cylinders.

Cold backheating internal-combustion engines comprises two-pack cylinder crosshead, two-pack cylinder branch open form and three kinds of different structures of single secondary cylinder type in of the present invention, the isobaric backheating circulation that cold backheating internal-combustion engines carried out in the two-pack cylinder type is owing to can exhaust the exhaust gas heat under certain power rating substantially, and the middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines of this structure also has the highest cycle efficiency.

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments for description of drawings.

Fig. 1 is the general structure sectional view of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the two-pack cylinder crosshead of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the general structure sectional view of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the two-pack cylinder branch open form of the present invention.

1.-6. figure among Fig. 3 is the process chart of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the two-pack cylinder type of the present invention.Wherein, scheme 1. intake process; Scheme 2. compression discharging process; The 3. middle cooling procedure of figure; Scheme 4. isobaric backheating process; Scheme 5. to burn the work done process.Scheme 6. exhaust process.

Fig. 4 is the practical structures sectional view of cold backheating internal-combustion engines cylinder cap in the two-pack cylinder type.

Fig. 5 is the cylinder cap ground plan along A-A line among Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is the structure sectional view that keeps off valve and outgassing nonreturn valve in the cylinder cap.

Fig. 7 is the structure sectional view that has the gas outlet valve of automatically controlled coil.

Fig. 8 is the layout of general plan that has the middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines of power stability and braking energy recycling system.

Fig. 9 is the structure sectional view of valve control machanism in the cylinder cap.

Figure 10 is the plan view along B-B line among Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is the shape assumption diagram of three various inlet cams of control intake valve.

Figure 12 is the general structure sectional view of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the single secondary cylinder type of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the practical structures sectional view of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in single secondary cylinder type.

Figure 14 is the layout plan of each valve on cylinder cap bottom surface master cylinders and the secondary cylinder among Figure 13.

1.-6. figure among Figure 15 is the process chart of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the single secondary cylinder type of the present invention.Wherein, scheme 1. intake process; Scheme 2. compression discharging process; The 3. middle cooling procedure of figure; 4. figure waits and holds heat recovery process; Scheme 5. to burn the work done process.Scheme 6. exhaust process.

Figure 16 is the interstage cooler shunting cooling control system figure of middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines.

Shown in embodiment Fig. 1 is cold backheating internal-combustion engines in a kind of two-pack cylinder crosshead, as seen from the figure, on the cylinder cap 2 of master cylinders 36, not only be provided with intake valve 5 and exhaust valve 10, the outgassing nonreturn valve 23 that leads to interstage cooler 28 also is located on the cylinder cap 2, for preventing that the work done combustion gas from entering interstage cooler, before outgassing nonreturn valve 23, set up a retaining valve 15 that structure is identical with inlet and exhaust valve.The secondary cylinder 62 that matches with master cylinders 36 leans to by master cylinders, and the air vent of being controlled by lift valve 44 between both warps 54 is communicated with.The outlet side of regenerator 80 is communicated with secondary cylinder 62 through connecting pipeline 79 and suction valve 76.The outlet side of interstage cooler 28 is communicated with little secondary cylinder 85 through the suction port 1 of outlet pipe 29 and air valve 83, little secondary cylinder is communicated with the inlet end of regenerator 80 through the air outlet 3 and the connecting pipeline 81 of air valve 83 again, and regenerator then places in the gas exhaust piping 14 that is connected with the exhaust valve 10 of master cylinders.

In Fig. 1, the volume of secondary cylinder 62 is that the upper space by gas distribution pistons 65 in the subsidiary cylinder 64 is constituted, 85 lower space by gas distribution piston of little secondary cylinder constitute, and gas distribution piston 65 passes down cylinder cap 63 through the bottom piston rod 67, crosshead 68 and connecting rod 70 links to each other with following secondary crankshaft 71 transmissions.Because the piston 38 in the master cylinders 36 is driven just once work done process of two circles by bent axle 41, so the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft 71 equals 1/2 of bent axle 41 rotating speeds.

Shown in Fig. 2 is cold backheating internal-combustion engines in a kind of two-pack cylinder branch open form, and in this internal-combustion engine, secondary cylinder 62 is in the subsidiary cylinder 64 that sets up, and gas distribution piston 69 has wherein also adopted common piston structure.Little secondary cylinder 85 is in the little subsidiary cylinder 53 that sets up, and is provided with the cylinder cap 43 of band gas charging valve 84 and gas outlet valve 82 on little secondary cylinder 85.Because two secondary cylinders are to arrange respectively around secondary crankshaft 71, can allow the opposed layout of two secondary cylinders as shown in Figure 2 like that, the also V-shaped arrangement of angle that can be certain.In the reality, when master cylinders 36 was made into single cylinder or twin-tub type, two secondary cylinders also can in upright arrangemently be arranged, and allow the shared width of secondary cylinder greater than the shared width of master cylinders.

Two-pack cylinder at Fig. 2 divides in the turnon type, for allowing the swept volume of little secondary cylinder 85 less than secondary cylinder 62, under the piston stroke the same terms in two secondary cylinders, can correspondingly reduce the cylinder bore of little secondary cylinder 85.And under cylinder diameter the same terms of two secondary cylinders, just can be as shown in Figure 2, allow the swept volume of little secondary cylinder less than secondary cylinder 62 by crank pin 72 (shown in dotted line) radius that reduces little secondary cylinder 85 on the secondary crankshaft 71.The rotating speed of secondary crankshaft 71 equals 1/2 of bent axle 41 rotating speeds among Fig. 2.

Secondary cylinder and little secondary cylinder in Fig. 1 two-pack cylinder crosshead type all are in the subsidiary cylinder 64, comparatively compact on the structure, but the piston rod 67 and the crosshead 68 of being set up have increased to-and-fro motion inertia, and the gas distribution piston 65 in the secondary cylinder also will adopt the oil-free lubrication mode to work simultaneously.The two secondary cylinders that the two-pack cylinder divides turnon type among Fig. 2 are because of arranged apart, and are structurally comparatively flexible, also can allow gas distribution piston obtain good lubricating.Different with the medium and small secondary cylinder 85 of Fig. 1 by inflation and exhaust in the guiding valve control cylinder, little secondary cylinder 85 among Fig. 2 is to adopt gas charging valve 84 controls to flow to next low temperature pressurized air from middle cooler 28, adopts gas outlet valve 82 controls to enter the low temperature pressurized air of regenerator 80.Oil sprayer 57 among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 all has been located at the upper side position of secondary cylinder 62, and is overheated and reduce radiation loss for avoiding lift valve 44 in the reality, and oil sprayer generally need be located on the air vent between lift valve and the master cylinders.In addition,, be provided with ceramic thermal barrier layer 37, on piston 38 and gas distribution piston 65, be respectively equipped with Ceramic piston top 39,66 in the bottom surface of cylinder cap 2 for forming the low heat emission cylinder structure.

In the two-pack cylinder type working procedure of cold backheating internal-combustion engines as Fig. 3 1.～6. shown in, the working principle of this internal-combustion engine is described below in conjunction with process chart.

1. intake process: the piston 38 in the intake process in the master cylinder 36 is descending, and intake valve 5 is opened, and ambient air charges into master cylinders through intake valve.

2. compression discharging process: after master cylinders 36 is full of air, the air in the up compression cylinder of piston 38 beginnings.After the certain distance of piston stroking upward, the retaining valve 15 in outgassing nonreturn valve 23 outsides is opened in advance, along with piston continues up, when the compressed air pressure in master cylinders 36 surpassed pressure in the interstage cooler 28, the pressurized air that inner cylinder pressure and temperature have all risen will be washed outgassing nonreturn valve 23 open and flow to interstage cooler 28 along pipeline 27.When piston 38 row arrived top dead center, the retaining valve 15 in outgassing nonreturn valve 23 outsides is also controlled closed, in case contact with piston.Piston is capable of atdc, and compression discharging process finishes.Subsequent burning work done process goes on to say after middle cooling and heat recovery process have been described.

3. cooling procedure in the middle of: after the pressurized air that the temperature and pressure of being discharged master cylinders by piston has raise enters interstage cooler 28, the be cooled cooling water radiating and cooling of device outside, make the compressed-air actuated heat of compression be conducted to the external world, allow compression process near etc. temperature state.Pressurized air lowered the temperature the back because of the corresponding contraction of volume, make the piston 38 in the master cylinders 36 easierly discharge cylinder to pressurized air, thereby the corresponding consumption that reduces the Piston Compression merit also provides bigger temperature difference for the heat recovery process that will carry out simultaneously.The low temperature pressurized air air valve 83 through opening in little secondary cylinder 85 breathing process that is cooled off by interstage cooler 28 charges into little secondary cylinder, cooling procedure in the middle of finishing.

Be equivalent to 1/3 of master cylinders volume～1/4 o'clock in the cylinder volume of little secondary cylinder 85, has higher volumetric efficiency in the compression discharging process that can allow master cylinders 36 carry out as air pump, can compress into interstage cooler to about 90% air in the master cylinders, simultaneously, because of compressed-air actuated temperature rise has only 250～300 ℃, cold radiation loss neither be very big during interstage cooler produced.

4. isobaric backheating process: little secondary cylinder 85 sucks behind intercooled low temperature pressurized air, pressurized air is filled into regenerator 80 by the air valve 83 of gas distribution piston 65 through opening again when the outside exhaust of little secondary cylinder, allow pressurized air be heated, to make exhaust gas heat by corresponding recovery by the high-temperature exhaust air in the outlet pipe 14 of regenerator outside.Charged in the secondary cylinder 62 that volume increased along the suction valve 76 of connecting pipeline 79 by the warmed-up pressurized air of regenerator through opening.Because of temperature after the backheat raises, volume has increased pressurized air can corresponding expansion during entering secondary cylinder 62 and by the 67 external works done of promotion piston rod, the compressed air pressure that has been heated in the heat recovery process is not raise (in certain backheat temperature range), allow the backheat under isopiestic state, carry out.

Because of isobaric backheating, the compressed air pressure that little secondary cylinder 85 rows are advanced in the regenerator 80 does not rise, still can enter regenerator with low-temperature condition, thereby the exhaust gas heat that the temperature that allows regenerator outside adverse current and cross has reduced can further be absorbed by low temperature pressurized air, allow the heat in the exhaust be exhausted substantially, the exhaust loss of internal-combustion engine is significantly reduced, allow cycle efficiency increase substantially.

Generally speaking, can allow the volume of secondary cylinder 62 greater than 1.5～2 times of little secondary cylinder 85 volumes, the volume of secondary cylinder 62 then is equivalent to about 1/2 of master cylinders 36 volumes, so that allow regenerator 80 can realize isobaric backheating in certain temperature range, does not allow the swept volume of secondary cylinder 62 excessively increase again.

5. the work done process of burning: charge into behind the pressurized air of backheat at secondary cylinder 62, gas distribution piston 65 beginning is up carries out secondary compression to the hot compressed air in it, when gas distribution piston is up to the position that sets, it is capable of top dead center that piston 38 in the master cylinders 36 has also been finished compression discharging process, after the retaining valve 15 of master cylinders is closed, lift valve 44 controlled unlatchings between secondary cylinder 62 and the master cylinders 36, just enter master cylinders 36 through lift valve 44 by the formed work done combustion gas of oil sprayer 57 oil jetting combustions in the secondary cylinder, promote the piston 38 descending works done in it.Behind piston 38 descending certain distances, in the secondary cylinder 62 join vapour piston 65 row to top dead center master cylinders is all compressed in the work done combustion gas that secondary cylinder is interior.Gas distribution piston is capable when the top dead center, and lift valve 44 is closed, and begins descending gas distribution piston again and then sucks from regenerator to come by the warmed-up pressurized air of high-temperature exhaust air, and the work done combustion gas that enters master cylinders continues to promote the descent of piston work done.

6. exhaust process: the pistons 38 in the master cylinders 36 are finished work done process row to after bottom dead center, exhaust valve 10 is opened, upwards the piston of operation just discharges the waste gas after the work done through exhaust valve 10, and flow through regenerator 80 along outlet pipe 14, the heat in the waste gas is absorbed by the low temperature pressurized air in the regenerator.

Piston is capable of atdc, and exhaust process finishes, and next piston is again with descending, to repeat above-mentioned periodic duty process.In the cold backheating internal-combustion engines, the four-stroke of motor is carried out in master cylinders in of the present invention, and middle cooling and heat recovery process carry out in interstage cooler, regenerator and the corresponding secondary cylinder of periphery.

Variant valve on master cylinders shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and the secondary cylinder and oil sprayer etc. just are in and help illustrating on the position of engine operation principle, the layout of each valve as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 in the reality, be the flow losses that reduce to be produced when pressurized air is discharged cylinder by piston, be in two side positions (referring to Fig. 5) between intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 10 at outgassing nonreturn valves 23, the two retaining valves that are provided with two cover retaining valves 15 and its back side on the cylinder cap 2 of master cylinders 36.Because two retaining valves 15 at intervals, for allowing two retaining valves can be driven opening and closing synchronously, the retaining gas cam 17 on the camshaft 9 be through one by two connecting rods, 21 constraints of its side, and the slave arm 20 that can translation moves up and down drive the valve stem 16 of two retaining valves 15.

For lift valve 44, can allow it be arranged vertically above being in secondary cylinder 62 as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, not take the cloth valve space above the master cylinders, and on lift valve air vent 54 in addition, arrange oil sprayer and glow plug, to prevent that lift valve is overheated and to reduce radiation loss, also can be as shown in Figure 4, be placed upside down in lift valve 44 above the secondary cylinder 62 and be in the position of avoiding suction valve 76.When lift valve 44 is closed (being opening state among the figure), its valve head 50 is taken a seat on the valve seat 55 of the air vent 54 that is communicated with master cylinders 36 upper lateral parts.Be provided with the through hole that oil sprayer is installed at the center of lift valve 44, the oil nozzle 58 that the outside is fixed on the oil sprayer 57 on the cylinder cap 2 puts in the through hole of lift valve, and is in and does not promptly hinder air-flow flows, can help again height and position from oil spout to master cylinders.In order to allow the pressurized air that flows to master cylinders well mix with the fuel oil that oil sprayer is sprayed, and facilitate the blue combustion process that can not produce soot, on the valve head 50 of lift valve, be provided with the some guide vanes 12 that are circular layout, these guide vanes and valve seat 55 are separated with certain radial clearance, and be formed with certain tilt angle with the radial air flow that flows to air vent 54 from secondary cylinder 62, so that allow the pressurized air that flows through guide vane form swirling eddy, the fuel oil that is sprayed with oil nozzle better atomizes, the blue combustion after realizing lighting a fire.On cylinder cap 2, be provided with the glow plug 60 that puts in air vent 54, so that when starting and low-power, light the work done fuel mixture.Oil sprayer be set at lift valve or above the air vent after, because of injection process can only begin after lift valve 44 is opened, the after-burning time in the corresponding increase master cylinders of meeting, higher fortunately delivery temperature can be reclaimed in a large number by regenerator, and the after-burning loss that is produced is also not very big.Simultaneously, when the motor mid power,, do not need oil sprayer injection process for a long time because of the work done combustion gas obtains the part heat in advance from regenerator.The lifting of lift valve 44 is opened, is carried out under the two lift cam on the camshaft 52 51 drive by the synchronization-moving lifting Rocker arm 49 in its both sides.During greater than spring 47 elastic force at lift valve back, the lift valve 44 of rising can be by 48 spacing the stopping of push rod that are fixed on cylinder cap 2 shells at the work done gaseous-pressure.The valve stem 22 of the suction valve 76 on the secondary cylinder 62 is driven by cam 78 through rocking arm 77.

The more detailed structure of the outgassing nonreturn valve 23 at retaining valve 15 and its back as shown in Figure 6, outgassing nonreturn valve 23 is landed on the valve seat 24 of band vent 25 under its back side spring 31 effects, and the valve stem 16 of the retaining valve 15 of outgassing nonreturn valve front passes valve seat 24 central authorities and goes up trapping sleeve pipe 26 backs and controlled by the retaining gas cam on the cylinder cap 2.Because the setting of retaining valve, under higher engine speed, even piston is capable of top dead center in compression process, in time do not closed by the spring controlled outgassing nonreturn valve 23 of little elastic force, and the retaining valve 15 of on time closing also can stop entering of high-pressure gas, allows the one-way valve of giving vent to anger close in the work done process.In Fig. 7, wash the suffered resistance of outgassing nonreturn valve open for reducing air-flow, on outgassing nonreturn valve, have additional automatically controlled coil 34, in this structure, the pressure ring 32 of outgassing nonreturn valve 23 on it at retaining valve 15 back sides is by 31 effects of top spring, 32 of pressure rings link to each other with the armature of stretching in automatically controlled coil 34 35 through sleeve pipe 33, perhaps allow the one-way valve 23 of giving vent to anger directly link to each other with the sleeve pipe 33 that has armature, after being provided with like this, after the piston stroking upward in the master cylinders begins compression process, automatically controlled coil 34 be energized can be before pressurized air will be washed outgassing nonreturn valve 23 open to the capable armature 35 that attracts during to top dead center of piston, make the elastic force of spring 31 no longer act on outgassing nonreturn valve, the quilt that allows pressurized air do not stopped is arranged to interstage cooler.

After middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines is opened the throttle from low power state, can increase because of the recovery heat of regenerator makes output power bigger, for reaching the stable output under the gas pedal assigned position, in middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines system diagram shown in Figure 8, on the connecting pipeline 79 between the outlet side of regenerator 80 and the suction valve 76, be respectively equipped with temperature transducer 89 and the pressure transducer 90 that is communicated with ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 88, like this, in engine operation process, after just having changed the position of gas pedal 91, when the temperature and pressure in the regenerator 80 rises because of the variation of backheat amount or reduces, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 88 just can be controlled oil pump device 59 and oil sprayer 57 corresponding minimizings or the increase fuel injection quantity, allows output power be stabilized on the corresponding state with accelerator pedal position.

In automobile-used in the cold backheating internal-combustion engines, also be provided with braking energy recycling system as shown in Figure 8, this system comprises through what corresponding signal lines was controlled by ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 88 and is installed in the stop valve 95 on the connecting pipeline 79 between regenerator 80 and the suction valve 76, has turnover valve 97 and by turnover pipeline 96 and the gas receiver 98 that the connecting pipeline 81 of regenerator 80 inlet ends is connected, also comprises the valve control machanism 99 of the control inlet and exhaust valve working state that is located on the cylinder cap 2.During normal vehicle operation, the stop valve 95 on the connecting pipeline 79 of regenerator 80 outlet sides is opened, and the turnover valve 97 that leads to gas receiver 98 cuts out, and motor is with cold backheat state operation in normal.When stepping on brake petal 92 and allow vehicle deceleration, for reclaiming the deceleration energy of vehicle, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 88 just can be shown in state among the figure, control stop valve 95 closes, allows turnover valve 97 open, the pressurized air that motor produced during vehicle deceleration travelled just can't be pressed into gas receiver 98 by stop valve 95, allows the deceleration kinetic energy of vehicle obtain corresponding recovery.In this course, because of the gas distribution piston 65 in the secondary cylinder 62 is still carrying out air-breathing and discharge process, for reducing the loss of vacuum pressure of its generation, the inflation one-way valve 93 that is located on stop valve 95 connecting pipeline 79 in addition just can allow ambient air fill into connecting pipeline, and enters secondary cylinder when secondary cylinder is air-breathing.After gas receiver 98 is full of pressurized air and vehicle when making motor still continue to produce pressurized air (as lower long slope), the pressurized air that can allow motor produce releases through set pressure valve (drawing), to play the braking brake effect.After in gas receiver 98, having charged into the pressurized air of certain pressure, when needs utilize this part pressurized air, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 88 just allows turnover valve 97 open, make valve control machanism 99 allow motor not produce pressurized air simultaneously, the pressurized air that is flowed out by gas receiver 98 is by engine running, because of motor no longer consumes compression work, make the corresponding reduction of oil consumption of motor and allow the corresponding increase of output power in this state.After the compressed air pressure in the gas receiver 98 dropped to a certain degree, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 88 just can be closed turnover valve 97, and made valve control machanism return to normal state to allow normal working of engine.

Valve control machanism such as Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10 on the motor of cooperation vehicle recycling braking energy, chosen axis 102 in the drive controller 101 of this valve control machanism and the cylinder cap 2 links to each other, on chosen axis, be provided with the air inlet jacking block 103 that is in different amount and is arranged in order of control intake valve 5, advance to exit jacking block 104 and venting jacking block 105, on chosen axis, also be provided with the exhaust jacking block 106 of control exhaust valve 10.As seen from the figure, be respectively equipped with the middle pushing block 107 that is contained in the slide opening above the jacking block, pushing block withstands in the axle nest 113 of corresponding rocking arm one end above it by the top 108 on its top in the middle of each at each.Pushing block 107 is contained in the slide opening 109 side by side in the middle of three of control intake valve 5, on it middle part of three corresponding side by side intake rockers 8, advance to exit rocking arm 110 and venting rocking arm 112 can be by the corresponding intake cam 7 on the upside camshaft 9, advance releasing cam 114 and releasing cam 115 control respectively, three side by side the other end of rocking arm be pressed in simultaneously on the shared slave arm 116 of controlling following intake valve 5 (referring to Figure 10).The single rocking arm that reaches side by side in the middle of this being contained in above the top, pushing block 107 tops 108 is that baffle plate 100 by its both sides remains on the position of regulation.Exhaust rocker arm 13 the other ends of exhaust valve 10 are directly to be pressed on the valve stem 11 of exhaust valve.Two retaining valves 15 are because of controlling change, can by a upper and lower sides of relatively-stationary retaining gas rocking arm 18 the other ends drive limited inverted T shape driven member 19 press simultaneously.When adapting to motor different operating state, by corresponding rocking arm above selected middle pushing block 107 jack-up of corresponding jacking block on it of chosen axis 102, make this rocking arm be raised to the position that can be pressed control by corresponding cam on the camshaft 9, not by all the other rocking arms of jack-up because of highly lower, can't contact with the cam on the camshaft.

Air inlet jacking block 103 jack-up on the selected axle 102 of intake rocker 8 among Fig. 9, only pressed control by the intake cam on the camshaft 97, the other end of intake rocker is being controlled intake valve 5 through following shared slave arm 116, and what illustrate that this moment, motor carried out is normal course of operation.When the vehicle deceleration braking needs to reclaim braking energy, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) controlling and driving controller 101 can allow the jacking block 104 that advances to exit on the chosen axis 102 make into, and venting rocking arm 110 rises, allow intake valve 5 be advanced releasing cam 114 controls, make intake valve 5 in intake process after the open and close, again under the convex portion on the cam 117 (referring to Figure 11) effect, in not opening and closing in the work done of oil jetting combustion and the exhaust process, the air that sucks cylinder is returned suction tude again, to avoid cold air row to regenerator.In this process, the exhaust jacking block 106 on the chosen axis 102 that matches has forwarded to and has dipped, and allows exhaust valve 10 be in closed condition all the time.When reclaiming braking energy, also can allow retaining valve 15 in the work done process of oil jetting combustion not, open, but the secondary ventilation rocking arm (drawing) that need on chosen axis 102, set up a secondary ventilation jacking block again and be arranged side by side with retaining gas rocking arm 18 for the retaining valve.Simultaneously, also to make the convex portion 117 that advances on the releasing cam 114 into the shape identical, allow into releasing cam loses the venting function, become a secondary air inlet cam with intake cam.Piston in master cylinders is each so all can double the air supply of generation pressurized air row to gas receiver when up, also can obviously strengthen the brake drag that is produced when reclaiming braking energy.

When vehicle utilizes braking energy, utilize the interior pressurized air of gas receiver by engine running because be, chosen axis 102 allows venting jacking block 105 rise, venting rocking arm 112 is risen the position that can be controlled by the releasing cam on the camshaft 9 115, make intake valve 5 be deflated cam 115 and be controlled at unlatching in the intake process, when compression discharging process finishes, just close, allow turn back to suction tude again from the air of suction tude suction master cylinders.Releasing cam 115, intake cam 7 and the shape of advancing releasing cam 114 are as shown in Figure 11.

Shown in Figure 12 is cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the secondary cylinder type of a kind of list, in this internal-combustion engine, little secondary cylinder in the former two-pack cylinder type and secondary cylinder merge the back and form a secondary cylinder 73, as seen from the figure, this pair cylinder except that through lift valve 44 with master cylinders 36 is communicated with, two air valves 76,82 that are communicated with regenerator 80 and the gas charging valve 84 that is communicated with interstage cooler 28 also all are located on the cylinder cap of secondary cylinder 73, master cylinders 36 on its cylinder cap 2 retaining valve 15 and combined outgassing nonreturn valve 23 be connected with interstage cooler 28.The intake valve 5 that is in after the exhaust valve 10 shown in the figure is to be in opening state, motor is carrying out intake process, and the gas distribution piston 69 in the secondary cylinder 73 also just descending carry out air-breathing, introduce secondary cylinder being deflated in the pipe 14 the warmed-up pressurized air of high-temperature exhaust air in the regenerator 80.In the secondary cylinder type of this list, because of secondary cylinder 73 increases an air-breathing exhaust cycle for cooperating regenerator, bent axle 41 rotating speeds of piston 38 are identical in the secondary crankshaft 74 of gas distribution piston 69 and the master cylinders.In Figure 12, the oil sprayer 57 of motor and glow plug (not drawing) have been located at the upside of secondary cylinder 73.

In the reality, the structure of cold backheating internal-combustion engines as shown in figure 13 in single secondary cylinder type, for allowing lift valve 44 not take cloth valve space on master cylinders 36 and the secondary cylinder 73, here, lift valve 44 has been located between master cylinders 36 and the secondary cylinder 73, and bend below being landed on the valve seat 55 of air vent 56, the lower side of curved air vent is connected with master cylinders 36.Be provided with the through hole 45 that oil sprayer 57 is installed in the center of lift valve 44, the oil nozzle 58 that the outside is fixed on the oil sprayer 57 on the cylinder cap shell 4 is stretched in the through hole 45 of lift valve, and is in and does not promptly hinder air-flow and flow in master cylinders, can help on the height of oil jetting combustion again.At curved air vent 56 downside turnings glow plug 60 is installed, this glow plug is to reach curved air vent 56 places through passing secondary crankshaft case 75 and avoiding secondary crankshaft 74 with the long sleeve pipe 61 that passes secondary cylinder 73 outside water jackets.

The master cylinders 36 of cylinder cap 2 bottom surfaces and each valve on the secondary cylinder 73 are arranged as shown in figure 14, after the cylinder cap bottom surface of master cylinders 36 is provided with intake valve 5 and exhaust valve 10, both sides between two valves are provided with two retaining valves 15, be respectively equipped with the gas outlet valve 82 that leads to regenerator 80 inlet ends in the cylinder cap bottom surface of secondary cylinder 73, lead to the suction valve 76 of regenerator outlet side and the gas charging valve 84 that is communicated with interstage cooler 28 outlet sides.The outgassing nonreturn valve 23 at retaining valve 15 backs is communicated with through the inlet end of outlet pipe 27 with interstage cooler 28 in the master cylinders.For the open and close of each valve on secondary cylinder control, as shown in figure 13, three valves are controlled respectively by the cam separately on the camshaft 52 through three push rods 30 and corresponding three slave arms 111 between two lift cam 51 respectively.

In single secondary cylinder type the working procedure of cold backheating internal-combustion engines as Figure 15 1.～6. shown in.

1. intake process: piston 38 is descending in the intake process, and intake valve 5 is opened, and extraneous air charges into master cylinders 36 through intake valve.

2. compression discharging process: after master cylinders 36 is full of air, the up compression of piston 38 beginnings sucks the air in the cylinder, at this moment outgassing nonreturn valve 23 outer retaining valves 15 are also opened in advance, continue up at piston, when making air pressure surpass pressure in the interstage cooler 28, the pressurized air in the master cylinders is just washed outgassing nonreturn valve 23 open and is entered interstage cooler 28.Piston is capable when the top dead center, and the retaining valve is also closed simultaneously, and compression discharging process is finished.

3. cooling procedure in the middle of: the pressurized air that enters in the interstage cooler 28 approaches to wait temperature state because of compression process after cooling, make the corresponding contraction of compressed-air actuated volume, piston can be easy to pressurized air is compressed into interstage cooler, allow the corresponding minimizing of compression work that piston consumed, also provide very big temperature difference simultaneously for the heat recovery process that will carry out.By in pressurized air after cold carry out at secondary cylinder 73 that the gas charging valve 84 through opening charges into secondary cylinder when for the first time air-breathing.When the swept volume of secondary cylinder 73 equaled 1/3 left and right sides of master cylinders 36 volumes, centre cooling institute dispersed heat just can be very not big.

4. wait and hold heat recovery process: the low temperature pressurized air that enters in the secondary cylinder 73 is up at gas distribution piston 69, and gas outlet valve 82 is pressed into regenerator 80 when opening, and the high-temp waste gas heating by master cylinders 36 is discharged makes exhaust gas heat obtain corresponding recovery.Subsequently, when entering regenerator and being deflated the operation downwards of the gas distribution piston 69 of warmed-up pressurized air in secondary cylinder 73, the suction valve 76 through opening fills again back into secondary cylinder (1. scheming referring to process), wait and hold heat recovery process and finish.

In waiting appearance heat recovery process, low temperature pressurized air in the secondary cylinder 73 leave secondary cylinder and enter regenerator 80 and heated by the exhaust of outside, return secondary cylinder again to the pressurized air that has been heated, because of the volume of each several part after the backheat does not change, can allow the compressed air pressure corresponding rising that has been heated.For reducing gas distribution piston 69 low temperature pressurized air is being compressed into the compression work that regenerator consumes, can allow gas outlet valve 82 open or after gas outlet valve 82, set up an one-way valve a little later, Deng gas distribution piston low temperature pressurized air in the secondary cylinder is compressed to when identical with the regenerator internal pressure, allows the gas outlet valve 82 of pressurized air enter regenerator again through opening.Because low temperature pressurized air will be subjected to certain compression earlier before entering regenerator, can make the corresponding rising of compressed-air actuated temperature, reduced the temperature difference with exhaust, recoverable exhaust gas heat is reduced relatively.Therefore, the effectiveness of regenerator of cold backheating internal-combustion engines will be lower than cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the two-pack cylinder type that carries out isobaric backheating in the secondary cylinder type of this list.

5. the work done process of burning: secondary cylinder 73 charge into backheat 69 pairs of pressurized air of pressurized air, gas distribution piston carry out secondary compression and be up to assigned position, piston 38 in the master cylinders 36 is also finished when compression discharging process is capable to arrive top dead center, lift valve 44 controlled unlatchings, allow the interior work done combustion gas that is produced by oil sprayer 57 oil jetting combustions of secondary cylinder enter master cylinders, promote piston 38 descending works done through lift valve.Gas distribution piston 69 row are to top dead center, lift valve 44 was closed after whole combustion gas in the secondary cylinder were compressed into master cylinders, next secondary cylinder 73 begins to suck from the next low temperature pressurized air of middle cooler, and the work done combustion gas that enters master cylinders then continues to promote the piston 38 descending work done processes of finishing.

7. exhaust process: the piston 38 in the master cylinders is finished work done process row to after bottom dead center, exhaust valve 10 is opened, and upwards the piston of operation just discharges the waste gas after the work done, and waste gas is after 80s through regenerator, allow low temperature pressurized air in the regenerator by corresponding heating, make exhaust gas heat obtain reclaiming.Piston is capable finish exhaust process to top dead center after, next again with descending, to repeat above-mentioned periodic duty process.

Middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines is when high-power operation, and the heat that interstage cooler shed accounts for 17% of total fuel heat.Though middle cooling loss a part of heat owing to created very big temperature difference, make the heat that reclaimed more to isobaric backheating.And when middle low-power, because the reduction of delivery temperature, allowing the also corresponding minimizing of recoverable heat, intercooled thermal loss just can increase relatively.But cold better backheat not is cold and backheat in also can balance under middle low-power good, can adopt the interstage cooler shunting cooling control system of middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines shown in Figure 16.In this system, the outgassing nonreturn valve 23 of part or most of adjacent each master cylinders 36 respectively the steam outlet pipe 127 through having commutation valve plate 120 and by-pass flow pipe 121 with set up or in groups interstage cooler 128 inlet ends are communicated with, by-pass flow pipe 121 on each steam outlet pipe 127 directly or through several the by-pass flow pipelines 122 that accumulate respectively with corresponding respectively set up or in groups the outlet pipe 123 of interstage cooler 128 outlet sides be communicated with, the outlet pipe of these interstage coolers 128 is communicated with corresponding little secondary cylinder 85 through gas charging valve 84 respectively again, each little secondary cylinder 85 is connected with the outflow pipeline 181 that has synchronous communicating valve plate 124 and by-pass flow pipe 125 through gas outlet valve 82 again, and each flows out pipeline and leads to the connecting pipeline 81 that is connected with regenerator 80 inlet ends.And the by-pass flow pipe 125 that respectively flows out on the pipeline 181 accumulates total by-pass flow pipeline 126 backs, is connected with the connecting pipeline 79 of regenerator 80 outlet sides, is communicated with through the corresponding secondary cylinder 62 of suction valve 76 and each respectively by this pipeline again.

In four master cylinders types shown in Figure 16, two master cylinderses 36 in right side are with merged the formed interstage cooler in back 128 by two interstage coolers combined.And in six master cylinders types, just can allow four per two cylinders of master cylinders be one group, combined with interstage cooler in groups separately respectively.Middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines among Figure 16 is to be in low power state, commutation valve plate 120 on right side master cylinders 36 steam outlet pipes 127 deflection communicates with by-pass flow pipe 121, the pressurized air that allows this side master cylinders discharge is not cooled and walks around interstage cooler 128, to reduce the heat that motor is lost because of the centre cooling when the low-power.Simultaneously, the synchronous communicating valve plate 124 of the little secondary cylinder 85 of each of corresponding side is also linked up in company with deflection and by-pass flow pipe 125, allow the pressurized air that this part little secondary cylinder discharges walk around the connecting pipeline 79 that regenerator 80 flows to the regenerator outlet side, not disturb and the backheat of low temperature pressurized air regenerator of coming from left side master cylinders 36, interstage cooler 28 and little secondary cylinder 85 through total by-pass flow pipe 126 without cooling.

In fact, to four master cylinders types among Figure 16 as cooling off control more accurately, can allow three master cylinderses carry out intercooled flow-dividing control through three interstage coolers that set up 128 respectively, when low-power, have only the pressurized air of a master cylinders to be cooled off to greatest extent, remove the lower exhaust gas heat of recovered temperature can enter regenerator with the bigger temperature difference by interstage cooler 28.After power strengthens gradually, exhaust gas heat also increases, increase the pressurized air that is cooled off by interstage cooler 128 by cylinder again, so that the better balance of cold and backheat in the control.But this every cylinder sets up the quantity that the control mode of interstage cooler can increase by-pass flow pipeline 122 and outlet pipe 123.In multi-cylinder engine, allowing per two master cylinderses set up an interstage cooler 128 may be more suitable.

More than describe the concrete structure and the working procedure of cold backheating internal-combustion engines in two-pack cylinder crosshead, two-pack cylinder branch open form and the single secondary cylinder type in detail, the isobaric backheating process that cold backheating internal-combustion engines carried out in the two-pack cylinder type (as mid power) under certain power will have the highest cycle efficiency owing to can exhaust exhaust gas heat substantially in the reality.Simultaneously since in two-pack cylinder type the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft be 1/2 of master cylinders speed of crankshaft, suffered resistance when helping to reduce air-flow and passing in and out secondary cylinder is compared with ordinary internal combustion engine, increasing the gas flow loss that is produced behind the secondary cylinder just can be very not big.Cold backheating internal-combustion engines then is the simplest type of cold backheat circuit in carrying out in single secondary cylinder.

In middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, gas distribution piston can be pressed into the most gases in the secondary cylinder master cylinder and participate in burning work done process during because of work done, bottom clearance volume on the piston and the shared volume of air vent are added up also and can not be surpassed the combustion chamber volume of common high compression ratio diesel engine, and the basic efficient of cold backheating internal-combustion engines during this makes when backheat (in not carrying out cold) can not be lower than general diesel engine.

As calculated, improved 10 ℃ by the warmed-up compressed air temperature of outside exhaust in the regenerator, the thermal efficiency of cycle of motor will corresponding raising about 0.6%, can reach 200～350 ℃ as compressed-air actuated temperature lift-off value after the backheat, because of cycle efficiency that backheat improved will improve 12%～21%, about 40% the basic efficient of adding that cold backheating internal-combustion engines has, the effective efficiency of cold backheating internal-combustion engines reaches 52%～61% in just can allowing, and substantially exceeds traditional ordinary internal combustion engine.For cold backheating internal-combustion engines in automobile-used, after making it possess function of recycling braking energy, also can allow more that oil consumption falls in the driving.

Claims

1. cold backheating internal-combustion engines in the master cylinders four-stroke, comprise and have inlet and exhaust valve (5,10) master cylinders (36), the secondary cylinder (62) that is communicated with master cylinders (36) and regenerator (80) by different valves, the little secondary cylinder (85) that is communicated with regenerator (80) and interstage cooler (28) by different valves, it is characterized in that: the outgassing nonreturn valve (23) that leads to interstage cooler (28) is located on the cylinder cap (2) of master cylinders, this outgassing nonreturn valve is landed on the valve seat (24) of band vent (25) by the spring action at the back side, also be provided with a retaining valve (15) that structure is identical with inlet and exhaust valve before at outgassing nonreturn valve (23), the valve stem of this retaining valve (16) pass valve seat (24) central authorities and on trapping sleeve pipe (26) controlled by the retaining gas cam (17) on the cylinder cap (2), after going up the capable compression process of shift-in, open in the piston (38) of retaining valve (15) in master cylinders (36), close during to top dead center in that piston is capable, after retaining valve (15) is closed, the controlled unlatching of lift valve (44) between secondary cylinder (62) and the master cylinders (36), gas distribution piston (65) in the secondary cylinder is good to the position apart from the top dead center certain distance that sets, when gas distribution piston (65) row arrived top dead center, lift valve (44) was closed.

2. cold backheating internal-combustion engines in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: secondary cylinder (62) is made of the upper space of the interior gas distribution piston of subsidiary cylinder (64) (65), little secondary cylinder (85) is made of the lower space of gas distribution piston (65), gas distribution piston passes down cylinder cap (63) through the bottom piston rod (67), crosshead (68) and connecting rod (70) link to each other with secondary crankshaft (71), and the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft equals 1/2 of bent axle (41) rotating speed.

3. cold backheating internal-combustion engines in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: secondary cylinder (62) is in the subsidiary cylinder (64) that sets up, little secondary cylinder (85) is in the little subsidiary cylinder (53) that sets up, two secondary cylinders around secondary crankshaft (71) but can opposed layout, also V-type is arranged, when master cylinders (36) single cylinder or twin-tub, two secondary cylinders also can in upright arrangemently be arranged, little secondary cylinder reduces cylinder diameter or reduces secondary crankshaft (71) to go up crank pin (72) radius of little secondary cylinder (85) and make its swept volume less than secondary cylinder (62) by corresponding, and the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft (71) equals 1/2 of bent axle (41) rotating speed.

4. cold backheating internal-combustion engines in according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described little secondary cylinder and secondary cylinder merge the back and form a secondary cylinder (73), this pair cylinder except that through lift valve (44) with master cylinders (36) is communicated with, two air valves (76,82) that are communicated with regenerator (80) and the gas charging valve (84) that is communicated with interstage cooler (28) also all are located on the cylinder cap of secondary cylinder (73), and the secondary crankshaft (74) that drives gas distribution piston (69) in the secondary cylinder is identical with the rotating speed of bent axle (41).

5. according to claim 2 or 3 described middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: lift valve (44) is placed upside down in above the secondary cylinder (62) and is in the position of avoiding suction valve (76), when lift valve is closed, its valve head is landed on the valve seat (55) of the air vent (54) that is communicated with master cylinders (36) upper lateral part, be provided with the through hole that oil sprayer (57) is installed at the center of lift valve (44), the outside is fixed on the oil nozzle (58) of the oil sprayer (57) on the cylinder cap (2) and stretches in the through hole of lift valve (44), on the valve head (50) of lift valve (44), be provided be circular layout be separated with some guide vanes (12) of certain radial clearance with valve seat (55), these guide vanes are formed with certain tilt angle with the radial air flow that flows to air vent (54) that comes from secondary cylinder (62), and the glow plug (60) that puts in air vent (54) is housed on cylinder cap (2).

6. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: lift valve (44) is between master cylinders and secondary cylinder, and bend below being landed on the valve seat (55) of air vent (56), the lower side of curved air vent (56) is communicated with master cylinders (36), be provided with the through hole (45) that oil sprayer is installed at the center of lift valve (44), the oil nozzle (58) that the outside is fixed on the oil sprayer (57) on the cylinder cap shell (4) is stretched in the through hole (45) at lift valve, at curved air vent (56) downside turning glow plug (60) is installed, this glow plug reaches curved air vent (56) through the long sleeve pipe (61) that passes secondary crankshaft case (75) and avoid secondary crankshaft (74) and pass secondary cylinder (73) outside water jacket.

7. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: the pressure ring (32) of outgassing nonreturn valve (23) on it at retaining valve (15) back side acted on by top spring (31), pressure ring (32) then links to each other with the armature of stretching in automatically controlled coil (34) (35) through sleeve pipe (33), or allow the one-way valve (23) of giving vent to anger directly link to each other with the sleeve pipe that has armature (33), after the up beginning compression process of piston (38) in the master cylinders (36), automatically controlled coil (34) is energized can will be washed outgassing nonreturn valve (23) open at pressurized air capable time attraction armature (35) makes spring no longer act on outgassing nonreturn valve to top dead center to piston before.

8. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: on the connecting pipeline (79) between the outlet side of regenerator (80) and the suction valve (76), be respectively equipped with temperature transducer (89) and the pressure transducer (90) that is communicated with ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (88), after just changing gas pedal (91) position of control fuel injection quantity, when the temperature and pressure in the regenerator (80) rose or reduce, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (88) can control oil pump device (59) and oil sprayer (57) reduces or increase fuel injection quantity accordingly.

9. cold backheating internal-combustion engines in according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: in automobile-used, be provided with the braking energy recycling system in the cold backheating internal-combustion engines, this system comprises through corresponding signal lines by the stop valve (95) on the connecting pipeline (79) between regenerator (80) and the suction valve (76) that is installed in of ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (88) control, have turnover valve (97) and, also comprise the control inlet and exhaust valve (5 that is located on the cylinder cap (2) by turnover air pipe (96) and the gas receiver (98) that the connecting pipeline (81) of regenerator (80) inlet end is connected, 10) valve control machanism of working state (99); During normal vehicle operation, stop valve (95) is opened, turnover valve (97) cuts out, when car brakeing need be reclaimed braking energy, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (88) control stop valve (95) closed, allows turnover valve (97) open, and the pressurized air that motor produces enters gas receiver (98); When utilizing braking energy, ECU (Electrical Control Unit) (88) allows stop valve (95) and turnover valve (97) are opened, motor utilizes pneumatically operated in the gas receiver (98), and valve control machanism (99) then allows motor not produce pressurized air.

10. according to the middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines of claim 9, it is characterized in that: the chosen axis (102) in the drive controller (101) of described valve control machanism (99) and the cylinder cap (2) links to each other, on chosen axis, be provided with the air inlet jacking block (103) that is in different amount and is arranged in order of control intake valve (5), jacking block (104) and venting jacking block (105) advance to exit, also be provided with the exhaust jacking block (106) of control exhaust valve (10), be respectively equipped with the middle pushing block (107) that is contained in the slide opening above the jacking block at each, pushing block withstands in the axle nest (113) of corresponding rocking arm one end above it by the top (108) on its top in the middle of each, pushing block is contained in the slide opening (109) side by side in the middle of three of control intake valve (5), three corresponding side by side intake rockers (8) on it, advance to exit rocking arm (110) and the venting rocking arm (112) the middle part can be by the corresponding intake cam (7) on the camshaft (9), advance releasing cam (114) and releasing cam (115) is controlled respectively, three side by side the other end of rocking arm be pressed in simultaneously one controlling below on the shared slave arm (116) of intake valve (5), the exhaust rocker arm of exhaust valve (13) the other end directly is pressed on the valve stem of exhaust valve, when adapting to motor different operating state, by the selected middle pushing block (107) of corresponding jacking block on it of chosen axis (102) corresponding rocking arm above the jack-up, this rocking arm is raised to is gone up the position that corresponding cam press control by camshaft (9), do not contacted with cam on the camshaft by all the other rocking arms of jack-up; During the normal air inlet of motor, air inlet jacking block (103) on the chosen axis (102) rises intake rocker (8), allow intake valve (5) be controlled by intake cam (7), when reclaiming braking energy, the jacking block (104) that advances to exit makes into, and venting rocking arm (110) rises, allowing intake valve (5) be advanced releasing cam (114) is controlled in the intake process after the open and close, open and close in work done and exhaust process again, exhaust valve in this process (10) cuts out all the time, when utilizing braking energy, venting jacking block (105) rises venting rocking arm (112), allows intake valve (5) be deflated cam (115) and is controlled in the intake process and opens, when finishing, compression discharging process closes.

11. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: the outgassing nonreturn valve (23) of part or most of adjacent each master cylinders (36) respectively the steam outlet pipe (127) through having commutation valve plate (120) and by-pass flow pipe (121) with set up or in groups interstage cooler (128) inlet end is connected, by-pass flow pipe (121) on each steam outlet pipe (127) directly or through several the by-pass flow pipes (122) that accumulate respectively with corresponding respectively set up or in groups the outlet pipe (123) of interstage cooler (128) outlet side be communicated with, the outlet pipe of these interstage coolers (128) is communicated with corresponding little secondary cylinder (85) through gas charging valve (84) respectively again, each little secondary cylinder (85) is connected with the outflow pipeline (181) that has synchronous communicating valve plate (124) and by-pass flow pipe (125) through gas outlet valve (82) again, each flows out pipeline and leads to the connecting pipeline (81) that communicates with regenerator (80) inlet end, and respectively flow out after by-pass flow pipe (125) on the pipeline (181) accumulates total by-pass flow pipeline (126), be connected with the connecting pipeline (79) of regenerator (80) outlet side, be communicated with through the corresponding secondary cylinder of suction valve (76) and each (62) respectively again by this pipeline; In or during low-power, commutation valve plate (120) deflection on part or most of master cylinders (36) steam outlet pipe (127) communicates with by-pass flow pipe (121), the pressurized air that allows this part master cylinders discharge is walked around interstage cooler (128), simultaneously, the synchronous communicating valve plate (124) of the little secondary cylinder of each of corresponding side (85) is deflection and by-pass flow pipe (125) communication also, and the pressurized air that allows this part little secondary cylinder discharge is walked around the connecting pipeline (79) that regenerator (80) flows to the regenerator outlet side through total by-pass flow pipe (126).