CN100360772C - Medium cold, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a middle cooling and heat return type two-stroke internal combustion engine which comprises a main cylinder 14 and a gas compression cylinder 26 for doing work. An auxiliary cylinder 47 is arranged on the side of the main cylinder, and can be sequentially communicated with a gas charging opening, a gas exchange outlet, a gas exchange inlet and a hot gas outlet through a control valve, and thus, the power cycle processes of middle cooling and heat return are completed. The hot gas outlet 99 is communicated with the main cylinder 14 through a gas mixed combustion chamber 100 and a connecting passage 101. As the present invention does not carry out combustion in the auxiliary cylinder, the heat radiation loss generated in the auxiliary cylinder is eliminated. Simultaneously, as the combustion process is carried out in the combustion chamber and the main cylinder, the control valve is free from the high temperature effect of work doing gas.

Description

In cold, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine

Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, particularly in cold, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine.

Background technique is in the patent of invention specification of " 00100059.4 " " 00130351.1 " at application number, though cold in described, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine also has different layouts, but because of the combustion process of internal-combustion engine is to carry out in secondary cylinder, thereby cause radiation loss bigger, also be not easy to solve simultaneously the heat-resisting problem of control valve.

Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is at the deficiency in the above-mentioned technology provide a kind of improved in cold, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, this internal-combustion engine not only radiation loss is less, also makes control valve not be subjected to the temperatures involved of work done combustion gas.Further purpose of the present invention provides that multiple different structure is more perfect, layout is cold more flexibly, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, makes it can have broad power range actual demand different with adaptation.

Cold in of the present invention, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine comprises the master cylinders that exhaust valve is housed and intake valve is housed and the cylinder of calming the anger of gas outlet valve, power piston in the master cylinders links to each other with bent axle through connecting rod respectively with displacer in the cylinder of calming the anger, perhaps the cylinder of calming the anger be located at master cylinders the bottom, allow displacer and power piston be integrated, and through pass the bottom cylinder cap piston rod not driving component link to each other with bent axle; Sidepiece at master cylinders is provided with the secondary cylinder that gas distribution piston is housed in it, gas distribution piston links to each other with secondary crankshaft through connecting rod, secondary cylinder can be successively and corresponding inflation inlet by set valve, the ventilation outlet, ventilation import and heat outlet communicate, wherein, inflation inlet is communicated to through interstage cooler on the air outlet of gas outlet valve control of the cylinder of calming the anger, be communicated with the ventilation import again behind the regenerator of ventilation outlet through placing gas exhaust piping, heat outlet is communicated with master cylinders, described heat outlet is to communicate with master cylinders through connecting passage behind the combustion gas mixing firing chamber of a sphere or analogous shape again, at the oil sprayer that oil spout in the combustion gas mixing firing chamber is housed on the cylinder cap, also be provided with corresponding glow plug or spark plug.

During secondary cylinder valve door cold, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine is provided with, the set valve in secondary cylinder top is a rotary valve, the air vent of this rotary valve can be successively be communicated with corresponding inflation inlet, ventilation outlet, ventilation import and heat outlet on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap, rotary valve is kept its position by axle by bearing, cone gear is equipped with in the outer end of axle, cone gear engagement on this gear and the camshaft, the velocity ratio of rotary valve and bent axle is 1: 1, the velocity ratio of secondary crankshaft and bent axle is 2: 1.

In cold in improved, the regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, adopted the two-pack cylinder structure, the distribution process of secondary cylinder is separated to carry out in two secondary cylinders, volume in the secondary cylinder of master cylinders side constitutes hot chamber, the little secondary cylinder that other establishes constitutes cold chamber, the valve at the secondary cylinder top in hot chamber is a rotary valve, the air vent of this rotary valve can be successively communicates with corresponding ventilation import and heat outlet on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap, rotary valve is kept its position by axle by bearing, cone gear is equipped with in the outer end of axle, the cone gear engagement on this gear and the camshaft.Little secondary cylinder can be respectively be communicated with inflation inlet and ventilation outlet by control valve, and the interior little gas distribution piston of the gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder and little secondary cylinder is connected with secondary crankshaft through separately connecting rod respectively, and the velocity ratio of rotary valve and secondary crankshaft and bent axle is 1: 1.

In continuing cold in improved, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, also adopted the two-pack cylinder structure, the distribution process of secondary cylinder is separated, be in the cylinder sleeve of secondary cylinder, to carry out with double-action function, gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder is divided into the hot chamber at top and the cold chamber of little volume of bottom to secondary cylinder, and the driving components such as piston rod of gas distribution piston through passing cylinder sleeve bottom cylinder cap links to each other with secondary crankshaft; The valve at secondary cylinder top is a rotary valve, and the air vent of this rotary valve can be successively communicates with corresponding ventilation import and heat outlet on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap, and rotary valve is kept its position by axle by bearing, and cone gear is equipped with in the outer end of axle; Cone gear engagement on this gear and the camshaft; The cold chamber of pair cylinder bottom portion can be communicated with inflation inlet and ventilation outlet respectively by control valve, and the velocity ratio of rotary valve and secondary crankshaft and bent axle is 1: 1.

In cold in further improved, the regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, what still adopt is the two-pack cylinder structure, and the distribution process of secondary cylinder is separated to carry out in two secondary cylinders, and the volume in the secondary cylinder of master cylinders side constitutes hot chamber, and the little secondary cylinder that other establishes constitutes cold chamber; The set valve in top of the secondary cylinder in hot chamber is the rise-fall type valve, secondary cylinder is communicated with by the overhead type mushroom valve of being controlled by the cam control that is located on the cylinder cap with the ventilation import, the heat outlet of secondary cylinder is communicated with by being contained in plunger valve in the valve opening and corresponding sealing seat control on the cylinder cap with master cylinders, the head of plunger valve has sealing cone and flange platform, the crosspiece of assault about its afterbody has, when the afterbody of plunger valve is promoted to make valve-closing by spring, the sealing cone of its head is pressed on the sealing seat between heat outlet and the combustion gas mixing firing chamber, the flange platform of head gets lodged in the vent of sealing seat, the set rocking arm by the control of the cam on the camshaft is stretched the crosspiece bottom surface at the plunger valve, can drive to lean on plug valve lifting unlatching; Little secondary cylinder can be respectively be communicated with inflation inlet and ventilation outlet by control valve, and the interior little gas distribution piston of the gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder and little secondary cylinder is connected with secondary crankshaft through separately connecting rod respectively, and the velocity ratio of secondary crankshaft and bent axle is 1: 1.For the layout of oil sprayer, on described plunger valve, be provided with the duct that oil sprayer is installed, the head of oil sprayer puts in the duct of plunger valve.Oil sprayer can slide relative in the duct of plunger valve and when seal by Sealing, and oil sprayer passes through its afterbody fixedlys connected with the loam cake of cylinder cap.Oil sprayer also can be fixed in the plunger valve.

The valve at above-mentioned secondary cylinder top be rotary valve in cold, the regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, also can be connected as a single entity the cylinder sleeve of secondary cylinder and rotary valve, constitute rotating secondary cylinder.Cloth postpone like this, secondary cylinder is kept its position by the axle at top and the bottom of cylinder sleeve by corresponding bearing.The secondary cylinder of double-action that above-mentioned cylinder sleeve and rotary valve are connected as a single entity, the control valve of its bottom is to be provided with air vent in the cylinder sleeve bottom of the secondary cylinder of double-action, the corresponding inflation inlet that is provided with on the valve wall of cylinder body exports with ventilation, and cold chamber, the bottom of secondary cylinder can export with inflation inlet and ventilation respectively through air vent and connect.

Above-mentioned have little secondary cylinder in cold, in the regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, for the set control valve in cold chamber of the secondary cylinder bottom of little secondary cylinder or double-action portion is to have the 3-position-3-way guiding valve that meta is closed function, the air vent in cold chamber is communicated with the meta annular groove of guiding valve, a side position annular groove of guiding valve leads to the steam outlet pipe of interstage cooler through inflation inlet, opposite side position annular groove leads to the suction tude of regenerator through the ventilation outlet, spool is driven by the valve bent axle through connecting rod, gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder of little gas distribution piston or double-action is capable of last, during lower dead center, just row is to the meta closed position place of 1/2 stroke for spool, and the velocity ratio of valve bent axle and secondary crankshaft is 1: 1.

When master cylinders bottom is set up as air pump can allow the cylinder cap that piston rod passes the time, intake valve in the cylinder cap is contained on the set valve guide bushing, be provided with the shelves seat in the end of valve stem, set transverse spring withstands on the elasticity arm of the rocking arm on the installation shaft through footstock, make the front end of rocking arm also withstand on the bottom surface of the block seat of intake valve; rocking arm by the control arm on it or a certain position of self also by the cam action on the camshaft; when need are opened intake valve; cam can make the front end of rocking arm leave the bottom surface of intake valve block seat, and transverse spring is compressed; The front end of the pressure arm on the installation shaft is pressed on the valve stem, and the tension arm on the pressure arm is passed footstock on the pull bar of footstock and the unlatching spring action between the pull bar link stopper, the active force that allows pressure arm outer end and rocking arm outer end be clamped.

Layout for the induction cylinder gas outlet valve, gas outlet valve in the cylinder cap is contained on the valve guide of valve seat by the air valve push rod of self, the back of the dividing plate of valve seat is the chamber of hollow, be provided with the jacking sleeve that is withstood on by spring action on the dividing plate in it, jacking sleeve is an opening towards the direction of gas outlet valve, its back is housed by the retaining plug of little spring effect in jacking sleeve, this retaining plug withstands on the air valve push rod of gas outlet valve, the retaining plug can be stopped by the back-up ring of jacking sleeve opening, the rocking arm control by cam driven that the afterbody of jacking sleeve passes spring seat and put in by the set jack of afterbody, cam can make jacking sleeve drive the air valve push rod that the retaining plug leaves gas outlet valve by the back-up ring on it through rocking arm.These above-mentioned parts all are located in the pressure chamber of outlet pipe, the camshaft control that cam is put in by the outside.

When cold in the handle, when regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine is used for vehicle, the pipeline that goes out interstage cooler is divided into two, article one, pipeline is communicated with inflation inlet through stop valve, another pipeline is divided into two strands again, one stock-traders' know-how controllable check valve leads to air cylinder, and another stock-traders' know-how reduction valve is connected on the pipeline that leads to inflation inlet behind the stop valve.The bent axle of internal-combustion engine also drives a pressurized machine through clutch and one group of overdrive gear, and this pressurized machine is generally impeller type, is connected on the air inlet pipeline that leads to intake valve, the late release mechanism controls of the outside venting that intake valve also can be established in addition.

In cold in of the present invention, the regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, secondary cylinder through behind the heat outlet again by the spherical combustion gas mixing firing chamber set up with after master cylinders is communicated with, no longer in secondary cylinder, carry out because of combustion process, make secondary cylinder can not produce extra radiation loss.Simultaneously, control the air vent of secondary cylinder and master cylinders connection or the influence that valve also can not be subjected to high-temperature fuel gas.Compare with ordinary internal combustion engine, in the secondary cylinder and the master cylinders of cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine connect because of can not shift to an earlier date bigger angle in budc, oil sprayer can only shift to an earlier date less angle and carry out oil spout, but owing to adopted regenerator that the thermal efficiency is increased substantially, the fuel oil that can not spray in the firing chamber in budc will be saved, and the output power of internal-combustion engine can't reduce because of the raising of the thermal efficiency.When big output power, though the fuel injection duration of oil sprayer is prolonged relatively, combustion process is pushed rearward late, make the corresponding raising of delivery temperature, but owing to can utilize regenerator that the heat in the exhaust is more reclaimed, the thermal efficiency cold in can't making, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine reduces, and this and ordinary internal combustion engine are diverse.

In the middle of after cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine adopts the structure of two-pack cylinder, it is to carry out in two secondary cylinders that vary in size that secondary cylinder distribution process is separated, because of secondary cylinder has had the more large crankshaft corner identical with master cylinders, so just can utilize in the secondary cylinder gas distribution piston with the master cylinders access failure before carry out second time and compress, make lower compression ratio continue to improve, thereby help obtaining higher basal heat efficient with respect to the cylinder of calming the anger.When allowing the secondary cylinder volume in hot chamber greater than the secondary cylinder volume in cold chamber, can further increase the heat absorption potentiality of regenerator, so just can obtain higher thermal efficiency of cycle, make the oil consumption of internal-combustion engine lower.

The present invention is described in further detail to closing the drawings and specific embodiments below the description of drawings.

Its secondary cylinder of Fig. 1 the present invention adopts general structure sectional view cold in the rotary valve, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.

Fig. 2 is the angle position diagram of each gas port on the air vent of rotary valve among Fig. 1 and the valve inwall.

Fig. 3 is the side view of internal-combustion engine among Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 be the cylinder sleeve of its secondary cylinder of the present invention and rotary valve be integrated in the general structure sectional view of cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of A-A among Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is secondary cylinder and a master cylinders enlarged view partly among Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is the location map of rotary valve and corresponding each gas port among Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 be secondary cylinder with master cylinders between the angular range figure of relevant crank angle.

Fig. 9 two-pack cylinder of the present invention type also adopts general structure sectional view cold in the rotary valve, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine

Figure 10 is the angular orientation division figure that rotary valve reaches corresponding ventilation import and heat outlet among Fig. 9

Figure 11 be secondary cylinder with master cylinders between the angular range figure of relevant crank angle.

1.～8. figure among Figure 12 is a process chart cold in the two-pack cylinder type of the present invention, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.Wherein, figure 1., intake process.Figure 2., through intercooled compression discharging process.Figure 3., the low temperature pressurized air that goes out interstage cooler enters the cold chamber of secondary cylinder.Figure 4., heat recovery process.Scheme to enter the hot chamber of secondary cylinder 5., through the hot compressed air of backheat.Figure 6., the secondary compression process in the secondary cylinder.Figure 7., the burning work done process in the master cylinders.Figure 8., exhaust process.

Figure 13 is a general structure sectional view cold in the opposed two-pack cylinder of the master cylinders type among the present invention, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.

Figure 14 be among Figure 13 B to cylinder head on the layout plan into and out of air valve.

Figure 15 is the sectional view of intake valve and corresponding control mechanism.

Figure 16 is the sectional view of gas outlet valve and corresponding control mechanism.

Figure 17 is the sectional view of the Electromagnetic Control mechanism of gas outlet valve.

Figure 18 secondary cylinder of double-action that utilizes of the present invention constitutes general structure sectional view cold in the two-pack cylinder type, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.

Figure 19 is that the secondary cylinder of the present invention adopts cold, regenerative heat type entire internal combustion engine structure sectional view in the two-pack cylinder type of rise-fall type valve.

Figure 20 be cold in of the present invention, when regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine is used for vehicle for recycling the layout plan of the auxiliary system that brake energy sets up.

Embodiment

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and secondary cylinder shown in Figure 3 adopt rotary valve in cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine be a kind of in-line four cylinder machine, two master cylinderses 14 that exhaust valve 6 is housed are in flywheel 31 sides, two cylinders 26 of calming the anger that intake valve 33 and gas outlet valve 42 are housed are in the front side, and the displacer 29 in the power piston 18 in the master cylinders and the cylinder of calming the anger links to each other with bent axle 24 through separately connecting rod respectively.Secondary cylinder 45 is located at the sidepiece of master cylinders 14, and gas distribution piston 72 wherein links to each other with secondary crankshaft 76 through connecting rod 73.Set valve is a rotary valve 58 at secondary cylinder top, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, this rotary valve is pressed arrow 181 directions when rotating, and the air vent 60 on the rotary valve can be successively be communicated with corresponding inflation inlet 90, ventilation outlet 94, ventilation import 98 and heat outlet 99 on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap 1.Rotary valve 58 is to be kept its position by axle 62 by bearing 68,69, and bearing 68 plays the thrust effect, can bear the suffered big pressure of rotary valve.In the outer end of axle 62 cone gear 66 is housed, cone gear 67 engagements on this gear and the camshaft 9.The exhaust valve 6 of cam on the camshaft 9 on intermediate rockers 13 and rocking arm 10 control master cylinderses 14 allows camshaft 9 drive rotary valve and exhaust valve simultaneously, and its arrangement is than compact.Because bent axle 24 circles and needs the secondary crankshaft of secondary cylinder 76 to change two all gas distribution pistons 72 just to finish and allow pressurized air charge into secondary cylinder, pressurized air is pressed into regenerator, allows pressurized air after the backheat get back to secondary cylinder and pressurized air is pressed into four distribution processes of master cylinders, therefore, secondary crankshaft 76 is 2: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle 24.And rotary valve 58 rotate just can finish in a week with above-mentioned distribution process that adapt with connection processes successively four different gas ports, therefore, rotary valve 58 is identical with the rotating speed of bent axle 24, both velocity ratios are 1: 1.

In the variant gas port on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap 1, inflation inlet 90 is communicated to through interstage cooler 92 on the air outlet 41 of gas outlet valve 42 control of the cylinder 26 of calming the anger (referring to Fig. 3).Be communicated with (referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) with ventilation import 98 again behind ventilation outlet 94 the regenerator 96 through placing gas exhaust piping 5.Heat outlet 99 is to be connected with the work done cavity on power piston 18 tops of master cylinders 14, here, for a suitable space being provided for fuel oil and compressed-air actuated mixed combustion, heat outlet 99 is to communicate with master cylinders through connecting passage 101 behind the combustion gas mixing firing chamber 100 of a sphere or analogous shape again, as shown in fig. 1.By oil sprayer 103 oil spout in firing chamber 100 of being adorned on the cylinder cap 1, simultaneously, also, be provided with glow plug 104 (referring to Fig. 2) for the firing chamber among the figure for the firing chamber is provided with igniting required spark plug or glow plug.

Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5 in cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine adopt the V-type cylinder to arrange, wherein, the cylinder 26 of calming the anger is in the left side, master cylinders 14 is located at the right side.In the scheme of this enforcement, the cylinder sleeve and the rotary valve of secondary cylinder are made into one, have constituted rotating secondary cylinder 45.Secondary cylinder is kept its position by the axle 62 at top and the bottom of cylinder sleeve 46 by bearing 69,70.The arrangement main feature of the rotatable secondary cylinder of this employing is to adopt the gas distribution piston of flat-top, and 62 on the axle at secondary cylinder top takes up space also less, helps further reducing the height of cylinder cap.But this structure also makes the potted line at rotary valve position be extended relatively, and secondary cylinder rotates around gas distribution piston, can make the corresponding increase of the frictional force that is produced.

The layout that is located at the variant gas port on the cylinder cap as shown in Figure 5, in order to increase heated compressed air temperature in the regenerator, in gas exhaust piping 5, to reach exhaust valve 6 places and be connected always with the air vent that leads to the import 98 of taking a breath on the cylinder cap 1 Cai go out the pipeline 97 of regenerator.In order to obtain higher delivery temperature,, laid ceramic thermal barrier layer 11 at the internal face of outlet pipe.Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing of secondary cylinder 45 and master cylinders 14 among Fig. 4, gas distribution piston 72 among the figure in the secondary cylinder has been gone near the position of top dead center, pressurized air in the secondary cylinder is compressed into combustion gas mixing firing chamber 100 along heat outlet 99, with also burning after the fuel oil of oil sprayer 103 ejection is lighted by glow plug 104 when mixing, the work done combustion gas that burning is produced enters master cylinders 14 through connecting passage 101, promotes the power piston 18 descending works done in it.As long as the air supply fit that amount of fuel that oil sprayer sprayed and secondary cylinder are discharged, the fuel oil of ejection just can mix with the pressurized air that just enters the firing chamber all the time, continue its combustion process then, this air feed combustion manner that is different from ordinary internal combustion engine, can help obtaining combustion process fully, the pollutant in the exhaust is reduced.Because secondary cylinder and master cylinders are fixed constantly in the connection of the suitable angle of budc, therefore, also fix commencement of fuel injection that carries out and firing time subsequently,, the glow plug that need not regulate time of ignition can be installed light a fire if allow fuel oil burn immediately once spraying into the firing chamber.For the power control of internal-combustion engine, mainly realize by regulating fuel injection quantity and injection duration.Fuel injection quantity is big, longer duration, and its output power is just big, otherwise then reduces.In addition, in this air feed combustion manner of cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine can be not too responsive to the character of fuel, use in the reality gasoline, diesel oil or other fuel can, as long as just but can be lighted steady running easily by glow plug or spark plug.Owing to can not spray into the fuel of excess in advance in pressurized air, its air feed burning is simultaneously carried out under isopiestic state basically, and cold in the reality, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine can not have thick detonation to burn phenomenon to produce, and can only stablize the soft power output of carrying out.

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the position range figure of crank angle relevant between the gas port on rotary valve and the corresponding valve interior wall, secondary cylinder and master cylinders.Because the secondary crankshaft of secondary cylinder changes two all bent axles and just circles, therefore, gas distribution piston moves on to 180 ° of secondary crankshaft corners of top dead center from lower dead center in secondary cylinder, is reflected in the master cylinders crank angle on Fig. 8, and then being equivalent to changes 90 ° to the A line position from the D line position.The O line is the top dead center position line of master cylinders medium power piston in week, the shared crank angle of arrow 151 expression exhaust processes wherein, the shared angle of arrow 152 expression master cylinders medium power piston works done, owing to will carry out the work done process, exhaust valve shifts to an earlier date 15 °～20 ° angles and cuts out at budc S line position place after the exhaust process.Press the angular divisions among Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, secondary cylinder and master cylinders are to be connected by rotary valve 58 at the t line position place of 8 ° of budc.Must separate certain angle between the closed position S line of t line and exhaust valve, otherwise the pressurized air in the secondary cylinder is leaked along exhaust valve.Be that gas distribution piston carries out secondary compression to the pressurized air that enters in the secondary cylinder between 25 ° D, the O line, be equivalent to 50 ° of secondary crankshaft corners.(18 °) are that gas distribution piston secondary cylinder when pressurized air is compressed is not also connected with master cylinders between D, the t line.Usually, the secondary compression angle between D, O can not be too big, to avoid too much tying up heat outlet 99 shared angles, as shown in Figure 7.Inflation inlet 90 is between the two actors playing the same role in a theatrical work among Fig. 7, and ventilation outlet 94 is between the BC angle, and ventilation import 98 is between the CD angle, and heat outlet 99 is between the DA angle.

Connect back (from top dead center) at secondary cylinder and master cylinders, both shared connection angles are the 65 ° of crank angles (referring to Fig. 8) from the O line to the A line, if near 65 ° fuel injection duration θ scope, finish the oil jetting combustion process, just have the long after-burning time (comparing) with the ordinary diesel oil machine, from simple crank angle, this is disadvantageous.And in the reality, because after secondary cylinder and master cylinders connection, gas distribution piston moves on just being promoted rapidly by secondary crankshaft with more effective angle, power piston then moves slower because of just leaving top dead center, therefore, gas distribution piston can be pressed into master cylinders to most of pressurized air earlier faster, the also an amount of many sprays fuel oil of while oil sprayer, and main oil jetting combustion process just can be finished in the distance of top dead center.Owing to be provided with regenerator, under high-power, be exactly to prolong relatively the after-burning time, the heat that increases in the exhaust also can be reclaimed to greatest extent by regenerator, can not affect greatly heating rate, and these characteristics are that ordinary internal combustion engine is incomparable.

Fig. 1 and illustrated in fig. 4 in cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine is because of all having adopted a secondary cylinder, both working principles are identical, its working procedure is: the intake process of the cylinder of 1. calming the anger, 2. through the compression discharging process of interstage cooler, 3. cooled pressurized air is charged into secondary cylinder, 4. the gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder is compressed into regenerator to pressurized air again and is deflated heating, 5. returned secondary cylinder by the warmed-up pressurized air of regenerator, 6. secondary cylinder is after connecting with master cylinders, again pressurized air is pushed to master cylinders, and through the formation work done combustion gas of combustion gas mixing firing chamber, the work done of propulsion power descent of piston, 7. the exhaust process of master cylinders, exhaust is heated the low temperature pressurized air in it behind regenerator, and exhaust gas heat is fully reclaimed.

Shown in Fig. 9 is to adopt cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine in the two-pack cylinder type of rotary valve, with cold in the secondary cylinder of above-mentioned employing, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine is different, internal-combustion engine among Fig. 9 separately carries out the distribution process of carrying out in the former secondary cylinder in two secondary cylinders, volume in the secondary cylinder 47 of master cylinders 14 sides constitutes hot chamber 48, and the little secondary cylinder 54 that other establishes constitutes cold chamber 55.The little secondary cylinder 54 here is the opposed type layout with secondary cylinder 47, also can become V-type to arrange or in upright arrangement the arrangement in the reality with secondary cylinder.The valve at secondary cylinder 47 tops is a rotary valve, can make form independent among Fig. 1 to rotary valve in the reality, or allow the cylinder sleeve integrator of rotary valve and secondary cylinder as shown in Figure 4, rotary valve among Fig. 9 has adopted and the incorporated structure of cylinder sleeve, the air vent 60 of this rotary valve 61 can be successively communicates with corresponding ventilation import 98 and heat outlet 99 on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap 1, and the angular orientation division of rotary valve and two gas ports as shown in figure 10.Rotary valve 61 is kept its position by the axle 62 at top and the cylinder sleeve 49 of bottom by bearing 69,70, and cone gear 66 is equipped with in the outer end of axle 62, and this gear is driven by the cone gear on the camshaft 9 67.Little gas distribution piston 78 in gas distribution piston 72 in the secondary cylinder 47 and the little secondary cylinder 54 is connected with secondary crankshaft 76 through separately connecting rod respectively, because dividing, the distribution process in two secondary cylinders, carries out, the rotating speed of secondary crankshaft also reduces relatively, with the velocity ratio of bent axle 24 be 1: 1, the secondary cylinder 47 that is integrated with rotary valve also is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle 24.

The little secondary cylinder 54 that other establishes can be communicated with inflation inlet 90 and ventilation outlet 94 respectively by control valve 106, owing to only carry out simple gas exchange process in the little secondary cylinder, and, the pressurized air and the pressure reduction between the pressurized air in the regenerator that enter little secondary cylinder are less, the job requirement of its control valve is also lower, as long as make it have enough actual internal areas and corresponding switching time cooperation.In Fig. 9, for little secondary cylinder 54 set control valves 106 are to have the 3-position-3-way guiding valve that meta is closed function, the cold chamber air vent 65 of little secondary cylinder is communicated with the meta annular groove 108 of guiding valve, the side position annular groove 109 of guiding valve is through the steam outlet pipe 91 of inflation inlet 90 towards interstage cooler 92, and opposite side annular groove 110 leads to the suction tude 95 of regenerator 96 through ventilation outlet 94.The spool 107 of guiding valve is driven by valve bent axle 112 through connecting rods, and little gas distribution piston 78 row in the little secondary cylinder are during to upper and lower stop, and spool is just driven row to the meta closed position place of 1/2 stroke.Spool 107 is just opened inflation inlet 90 among Fig. 9, allows interstage cooler 92 and the low temperature pressurized air that comes fills into little secondary cylinder.Valve bent axle 112 is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of secondary crankshaft 76.

In cold in shown in Figure 9, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, for the space that can utilize the master cylinders bottom as air pump, the cylinder of calming the anger has been located at the bottom of master cylinders 14, simultaneously, displacer also is integrated with power piston 18, and the piston rod 20 through passing master cylinders bottom cylinder cap 32 links to each other with slidercrank mechanism crank ring 22.Bent axle 24 is just driving power piston 18 row on crank ring 22 and its top to top dead centre position by slide block 23 among the figure, also firm and master cylinders 14 connections of the air vent 60 of secondary cylinder 47 on it, hot compressed air in the secondary cylinder has filled in the spherical combustion gas mixing firing chamber 100, oil sprayer 102 also begins to spray into fuel and is lighted by glow plug 104 in the firing chamber, just carry out subsequent external work done process.

Figure 10 and Figure 11 are gas port position and the angular range division figure between rotary valve and ventilation import and heat outlet, secondary cylinder and master cylinders.Line of position when the O line is master cylinders medium power piston arrives top dead center among the figure, because the internal-combustion engine secondary crankshaft among Fig. 9 is identical with the rotating speed of bent axle, but for connection angle O line and the crank angle between the C line excessive (among the figure being 70 °) that does not make secondary cylinder and master cylinders, gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder will and during the master cylinders access failure (in the crank angle range between D line and O line), wherein pressurized air is carried out secondary compression, these characteristics just in time make the cylinder of calming the anger be further enhanced than low compression ratio with respect to secondary cylinder is formed, thereby cold in helping improving, the basal heat efficient of regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.In the internal-combustion engine of two-pack cylinder, the secondary compression angle between D line and the O line is usually at 110 °, but generally is no more than 120 °, otherwise can make the shared angle too small of heat outlet 99, as shown in Figure 10.Ventilation import 98 is in the C line to m line angle degree scope, compares with the heat outlet 99 of opposite side, and opening angle is very big.

Press the angular divisions among Figure 10 and Figure 11, the shared crank angle of arrow 152 expression master cylinders internally-powered piston work done processes, the shared crank angle of arrow 151 expression exhaust processes, exhaust process is afterwards because of carrying out the work done process, exhaust valve cuts out at budc S line position place, closes the angle in advance between 15 °～20 °.The t line is that secondary cylinder and master cylinders are connected angular orientation constantly by rotary valve 61, can be located at 8 ° of positions of budc.For preventing that secondary cylinder and master cylinders from connecting the pressurized air that comes from secondary cylinder the back and leaking along exhaust valve, the on positi t line of the closed position S line of exhaust valve and secondary cylinder and the master cylinders suitable angle that is spaced.Secondary cylinder is earlier the pressurized air in it to be carried out secondary compression under the complete closed state between D line and t line, and this angular range is 102 ° of crank angles among the figure.

The working procedure of cold in this two-pack cylinder type among Fig. 9, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine as Figure 12 1.～8. shown in, be elaborated below in conjunction with the working principle of process chart to this internal-combustion engine.

1. the intake process intake process carries out in the cylinder of calming the anger, be located at the bottom of master cylinders because of the cylinder of calming the anger, when double-action active piston 18 is up, intake valve 33 is opened, air is inhaled into the chamber 28 of calming the anger of power piston downside, and power piston is capable of atdc, and the chamber of calming the anger of its downside has been full of inhaled air, IC Intake Valve Closes then, intake process finishes.

2. begin again when descending when power piston 18 arrives atdc through intercooled compression discharging process, compress sucking the air that downside calms the anger in the chamber.When air is compressed to its pressure greater than the gas pressure in the interstage cooler 92, formed pressurized air is just washed gas outlet valve 42 open and is charged in the interstage cooler 92, because interstage cooler is directed at the external world to the heat of compression of air, make the compression discharging process that is carried out more approach isothermal compression, allow the corresponding reduction of formed compressed-air actuated temperature and pressure, make the easier interstage cooler that is pressed into of pressurized air, the compression work that piston consumed is also less.Power piston 18 row are to after bottom dead center, and compression discharging process finishes.In the reality, the cylinder of calming the anger can be above 6: 1 with the formed relative compression ratio of secondary cylinder.

3. the little gas distribution piston 78 of the cold chamber that the low temperature pressurized air that goes out interstage cooler enters secondary cylinder in secondary cylinder 54 is up when air-breathing, control valve 106 also makes the interstage cooler 92 and the cold chamber of secondary cylinder 54 connect, and allows interstage cooler and the low temperature pressurized air that comes charges into secondary cylinder.

4. heat recovery process is when the 78 arrival upper positions of the little gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder 54 return downwards again, and control valve 106 is connected the cold chamber of secondary cylinder 54 and regenerator 96, and descending little gas distribution piston is arranged the low temperature pressurized air in the cold chamber of inspiration again to regenerator 96.Because of regenerator is positioned in the gas exhaust piping 5, the low temperature pressurized air that enters regenerator is just heated by the high-temperature exhaust air that master cylinders is discharged, and becomes hot compressed air, makes the heat in the exhaust obtain reclaiming.Low temperature pressurized air is after the regenerator backheat, and its temperature and pressure raises again, but because the isolation between secondary cylinder and the relevant work process, the gas pressure of rising can't anti-pass to the compression discharging process that is carried out.

When 5. the gas distribution piston 72 of hot chamber in secondary cylinder 47 that enters secondary cylinder through the hot compressed air of backheat leaves top dead center and moves down, rotary valve makes the hot chamber 48 of secondary cylinder communicate with the steam outlet pipe of regenerator 96, is just filled in the into secondary cylinder 47 with descending gas distribution piston 72 by the warmed-up hot compressed air of regenerator.

6. the secondary compression process in the secondary cylinder the rotary valve of secondary cylinder 47 turn over the ventilation import but with master cylinders also during access failure, up gas distribution piston 72 carries out secondary compression to the hot compressed air that sucks in the hot chamber 48 of secondary cylinder, make being further improved than low compression ratio of the cylinder of calming the anger relatively, this process finishes along with the connection of secondary cylinder and master cylinders.Be a bit larger tham or when equaling the secondary cylinder volume in cold chamber as the secondary cylinder volume in hot chamber, carry out the secondary compression process again after, can make overall compression ratio be elevated to 10: 1 to 12: 1.

7. the burning work done process in the master cylinders is along with the gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder 72 continues up, rotary valve 61 allows secondary cylinder and master cylinders 14 connect, the hot compressed air that has been enhanced pressure in the secondary cylinder just enters in combustion gas mixing firing chamber 100 and the master cylinders 14 immediately, just commencement of fuel injection in the firing chamber of oil sprayer 103 this moment, glow plug 104 (or spark plug) is also lighted the fuel mixture that forms simultaneously, form the required High Temperature High Pressure combustion vapour of work done through burning, promote the power piston 18 descending works done of row to top dead center.In the work done process, up gas distribution piston is pressed into the firing chamber to the hot compressed air in the secondary cylinder continuously and participates in burning, produces the power piston that new work done combustion gas goes to promote in the master cylinders and moves down, and this process is capable till the top dead center up to gas distribution piston 72.Then, the whole combustion gas that entered master cylinders continue promoting power piston and move work done downwards.Power piston is capable of after bottom dead center, and the work done process finishes.

8. after exhaust process power piston 18 was finished the work done process, exhaust valve 6 was opened, and begins up power piston 18 high-temp waste gas after the work done is discharged master cylinders 14, and the waste gas that is discharged from is after flowing through regenerator 96, and its part heat is by the regenerator respective absorption.Piston is capable of atdc, and exhaust process finishes, so that proceed ensuing work done process.

More than be described separately to working procedure cold in of the present invention, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, in fact, power piston in the master cylinders is with the work of two-stroke mode, the working procedure of other each several part is also carried out continuously by mutual order, thereby realizes beginning to last exhaust process end, by eight working procedure and the whole cyclic process of forming of moving from intake process.

Above-mentioned is the concrete working procedure of internal-combustion engine of the present invention, each operating condition more than going summarize to divide from the angle of thermal cycle, cold in this two-pack cylinder type, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine mainly comprise air inlet, through intercooled compression discharge, backheat, secondary compression, burning work done and six processes of exhaust.In in cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, as the interstage cooler of raising the efficiency, owing to can cause the external world to the heat of compression in the compression process, make pressurized air that the cylinder of calming the anger produces being reduced to more than 400 ℃ when uncolled be no more than 50 ℃.Compressed-air actuated temperature and pressure when reducing the compression terminal point to greatest extent, the benefit of being brought is that the compression work that piston is consumed reduces, the highest circulating temperature of internal-combustion engine is corresponding with pressure to be reduced significantly, thereby help reducing suffered heat load of internal-combustion engine and mechanical load, also help improving the mechanical efficiency of internal-combustion engine.In addition, the middle cooling procedure of being carried out also provides very big temperature difference for the heat recovery process that will carry out.Regenerator can directly improve the circuit thermal efficiency, because interstage cooler reclaims exhaust gas heat to regenerator and has created very big temperature difference, under the delivery temperature more than 500 ℃, if regenerator can be elevated to the low temperature pressurized air in it more than 350 ℃ from 50 ℃, its efficient increase rate is very big.Adopt the two-pack cylinder in cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, as allow the secondary cylinder volume in hot chamber suitably greater than the secondary cylinder volume in cold chamber, also can further enlarge the heat absorption potentiality of regenerator.The useful temperature change value that comprehensive interstage cooler and regenerator are produced, both high and low temperature differences can be easily above 600 ℃, the useful variation in pressure of being brought also can surpass 10bar, therefore the effective efficiency that is increased improves more than 20% on the basis of former efficient at least, thereby effective efficiency cold in can making, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine meets or exceeds 60%, becomes to have the hottest machine of high thermal efficiency of cycle.

In cold in shown in Figure 13, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, master cylinders 14 has adopted the layout type of confrontation, owing to will utilize the bottom of cylinder as air pump, this internal-combustion engine has adopted the crank block type driving mechanism, and the power piston 18 of every side is connected on the crank ring 22 of driving mechanism through piston rod 20 respectively.Here, power piston 18 is to link to each other with crank ring 22 through two parallel piston rods 20, the characteristics of this structure be can be on the cylinder cap 32 of cylinder bottom the bigger intake valve 33 of placement diameter, as shown in figure 14.In Figure 13, what adopt for the set secondary cylinders of master cylinders 14 is the two-pack cylinder structure, when only adopting one as shown in Figure 13 cover general structure, it just is equivalent to the common quartastroke engine of one four cylinder array, in the reality, the shared axial space of this structural configuration mode of motor is minimum.

When the bottom that utilizes master cylinders 14 is provided with cylinder cap 32 as air pump and in its bottom, in order on thin cylinder cap, to deposit intake valve and control corresponding mechanism thereof by cloth, in Figure 15, provided a kind of through improved intake valve arrangement, in this scheme, intake valve 33 in the cylinder cap 32 is contained on the set valve guide bushing 38, be provided with block seat 36 in the end of valve stem 34, do not establish spring in the block seat bottom surface, these are different with the valve in the ordinary internal combustion engine.Set transverse spring 114 withstands on the elasticity arm 120 of the rocking arm 118 on the installation shaft 117 through footstock 115, allows the front end 119 of rocking arm 118 also withstand on the bottom surface 37 of block seat 36 of intake valve, makes intake valve be in closed condition.Rocking arm 118 is also acted on by the cam on the camshaft 127 128 by the control arm 121 (or a certain position of self) on it.When need were opened intake valve 33, cam 128 can make the front end 119 of rocking arm 118 leave the bottom surface 37 of intake valve block seat 36, and makes transverse spring 114 by corresponding compression.The front end of the pressure arm 122 on the installation shaft 117 is pressed on the valve stem 34, tension arm 123 on the pressure arm is passed footstock 115 and 126 effects of the unlatching spring between the pull bar block 125 on the pull bar 124 of footstock 115, the active force that allows pressure arm outer end and rocking arm outer end be clamped.Why open intake valve without the direct control force of cam, this is to carry out work in the air pump mode because of the cylinder of calming the anger, after piston finishes compression discharging process, the small amount of compression air of staying in the clearance volume should promote the piston expansion working, makes this part pressure by corresponding recovery.Behind this mechanism controls intake valve that adopts Figure 15, in the time of after piston is finished compression discharging process, will and will beginning intake process away from cylinder cap 32, the front end 119 that cam 128 is at first controlled rocking arm 118 leaves the block seat 36 of valve stem, eliminate the suffered closing function power of intake valve, meanwhile, unlatching spring 126 on the pull bar 124 has also applied one to intake valve by pull bar and pressure arm 122 and has opened active force, but the interior residual gas pressure of cylinder is also higher because of at this moment calming the anger, the suffered opening force of intake valve is also less than the active force of gas in the cylinder to intake valve, along with the continuation of piston away from, the very fast gas pressure that just surpasses in the cylinder of opening force that intake valve is suffered, at this moment intake valve 33 spring 126 that just can be unlocked is opened rapidly, move on to the maximum opening position with fast speeds, what allow extraneous air can be more smooth fills entrance pressure gas cylinder.After finishing intake process, cam 128 turns over rocking arm 118, and transverse spring 114 makes valve-closing through the block seat 36 that the front end of rocking arm 118 also drives valve.Because this intake valve of being opened by spring more can fitting piston reclaims the compression work of small amount of compression air, intake valve after reaching balance, is opened rapidly pressure, therefore, this mechanism can be better than with the directly actuated intake valve of cam in the reality, under high rotating speed, also can be better than the intake valve that utilizes air negative pressure to open.

Gas outlet valve setting to the cylinder of calming the anger, requirement is forced out the air of cylinder when flowing through gas outlet valve under fast state, the spring that should not be subjected to the gas outlet valve back again is to resistance that air-flow applied, reducing the pressure loss produced as far as possible, this is very important to cold in relying on that air pump provides that pressurized air turns round, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine.Gas outlet valve that Figure 16 provided and control corresponding mechanism just can satisfy above-mentioned requirements, as seen from the figure, gas outlet valve 42 in the cylinder cap 32 is contained on the valve guide 133 of valve seat 130 by the air valve push rod 43 of self, the dividing plate 131 of valve seat is to make one with outer sleeve 132, make its back form the chamber 134 of hollow, be provided with in chamber and acted on by spring 135 and withstand on jacking sleeve 136 on the dividing plate 131, jacking sleeve is an opening towards the direction of gas outlet valve.The retaining plug 139 that its back is acted on by little spring 138 is housed in jacking sleeve 136, and this retaining plug withstands on again on the air valve push rod 43 of gas outlet valve.The retaining plug can be stopped by the back-up ring 137 of jacking sleeve opening, but back-up ring and retaining leave suitable gap between filling in, so that retaining plug 139 can be withstood on the air valve push rod 43.Rocking arm 142 controls that the afterbody of jacking sleeve 136 passes spring seat 149 and put in by the set jack 141 of its afterbody, rocking arm 142 is driven by cam 143.When piston compresses the air of inspiration, when making its pressure near behind gas pressure of gas outlet valve, cam 143 just makes jacking sleeve 136 drive the air valve push rod 43 that retaining plug 139 leaves gas outlet valve by the back-up ring on it 137 through rocking arm 142, allow gas outlet valve 42 at this moment no longer be subjected to the spring closing function power at its back, as long as compressed air pressure surpasses the gas pressure at gas outlet valve back in the cylinder, formed pressurized air is just pushed the gas outlet valve 42 that is not subjected to the elastic force effect open, fill in the pipeline 93 that into leads to interstage cooler, allow the suffered resistance minimum of pressurized air that flows out cylinder.When piston is capable when returning to dead-centre position, cam 143 is to leave out rocking arm 142 with very steep cam type surface, allow the rapid power out of hand of rocking arm, make spring 135 can drive jacking sleeve 136 and interior retaining thereof fast and fill in returns such as 139, the retaining plug of return also drives gas outlet valve 42 and closes immediately.In the return process, jacking sleeve has born bigger closing impact.Because gas outlet valve is in the pressure chamber of outlet pipe, therefore each above-mentioned controlling component also is located in the pressure chamber, and cam is driven by the camshaft 127 that the outside puts in.

Figure 17 gives a kind of structure of the gas outlet valve by magnet control, when gas outlet valve 42 will be opened, and electromagnetic coil 145 energisings, armature 146 just drives centre push rod 147 and leaves gas outlet valve push rod 43, allows gas outlet valve no longer be subjected to the elastic force effect of spring 138.

Figure 18 show a kind of utilize the secondary cylinder of double-action constitute two-pack cylinder type in cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, in this internal-combustion engine, master cylinders 14 is made into double-acting cylinder, by setting up cylinder cap 32 in its bottom, constitutes the air pump structure of bottom.The piston rod 20 of power piston 18 through passing cylinder cap 32 links to each other with the crosshead 21 of cross hair style connecting rod.In the other secondary cylinder of master cylinders, separated distribution process is to carry out in the cylinder sleeve 50 of the secondary cylinder 47 with double-action function, gas distribution piston 72 in the secondary cylinder is divided into the hot chamber 48 at top and the cold chamber 55 of little volume of bottom to secondary cylinder, the piston rod 74 of gas distribution piston 72 through passing cylinder sleeve bottom cylinder cap 53 links to each other with the crosshead 75 of cross hair style connecting rod, and crosshead links to each other with secondary crankshaft 76 through connecting rod 73 again.In Figure 18, the valve at secondary cylinder 47 tops is a rotary valve 61, and has adopted the structure that allow cylinder sleeve and rotary valve be connected as a single entity identical with Fig. 9.The air vent 60 of rotary valve 61 can be successively communicate (referring to Figure 10) with corresponding ventilation import 98 and heat outlet 99 on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap 1.Constituted rotating secondary cylinder because of rotary valve and cylinder sleeve are integrated, the cold chamber 55 of its underpart also is to realize by rotary valve with being communicated with of inflation inlet and ventilation outlet.As shown in the figure, be provided with air vent 51 in the bottom of double-action cylinder sleeve 50 and constitute corresponding rotary valve, on the valve wall of cylinder body, be provided with simultaneously inflation inlet 90 and ventilation outlet 94, so that the cold chamber 55 of secondary cylinder bottom can be connected with inflation inlet and ventilation outlet respectively through air vent 51.Inflation inlet 90 directly is communicated with on the outlet side of the interstage cooler 92 in cylinder body 15, and ventilation outlet 94 is communicated with regenerator 96 through connecting pipeline 95.Here, owing to be to utilize the two-pack cylinder to carry out distribution, secondary crankshaft 76 is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle 24, and the rotary valve 61 that is connected as a single entity with cylinder sleeve is driven by the cone gear on the camshaft 9 67 by the cone gear 66 on its top axle 62, and the velocity ratio of rotary valve and bent axle also is 1: 1.In Figure 18, power piston 18 in the master cylinders just row arrives lower dead center, top, bottom rotary valve on the secondary cylinder are also simultaneously connected the ventilation inlet/outlet of regenerator, gas distribution piston 72 in the secondary cylinder is pressed into the low temperature pressurized air of inspiration when descending and allows the exhaust heating in the regenerator 96, is then entered the hot chamber 48 of secondary cylinder from the ventilation import 98 of unlatching by the warmed-up hot compressed air of regenerator.

When being contained in the cylinder sleeve 50 of the secondary cylinder of double-action in the cylinder body 15 with means of fixation, the rotary valve at secondary cylinder top just will adopt independent rotary valve structure as shown in fig. 1, the cold chamber of secondary cylinder bottom portion also to adopt with Fig. 9 in identical 3-position-3-way guiding valve come to connect with inflation inlet and ventilation outlet.As the piston rod 74 of gas distribution piston 72 is linked to each other with crosshead 75 by bearing, allow gas distribution piston can and cylinder sleeve also can eliminate because of the rotation friction between cylinder sleeve 50 and the gas distribution piston 72 with commentaries on classics.Cold among Figure 18, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine has been because gas distribution piston and power piston have all adopted cross hair style connecting rod, be a kind of in, slow-revving than high power engine.

Shown in Figure 19 is that secondary cylinder adopts cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine in the two-pack cylinder type of rise-fall type valve.Different with above-mentioned each embodiment, the secondary cylinder of internal-combustion engine has adopted the rise-fall type valve to control and has taken a breath the connection of import and heat outlet among Figure 19, as seen from the figure, the distribution process of secondary cylinder also is to be separated to carry out in two secondary cylinders, the volume of the secondary cylinder 47 of close master cylinders 14 sides constitutes hot chamber 48, the little secondary cylinder 54 that other establishes constitutes cold chamber 55, and 47 one-tenth V-types of little secondary cylinder 54 among the figure and secondary cylinder are arranged.The valve at secondary cylinder 47 tops is the rise-fall type valve, secondary cylinder was controlled with being communicated with by the overhead type mushroom valve of being controlled by cam 71 52 that is located on the cylinder cap 1 of ventilation import 98, and the opening time of this valve is equivalent to C line among Figure 10 to the shared angle of the ventilation import between the m line 98.The heat outlet 99 of secondary cylinder is communicated with by plunger valve in the valve opening that is contained on the cylinder cap 1 80 and 86 controls of corresponding sealing seat with master cylinders 14, the head of plunger valve 80 has sealing cone 81 and flange platform 82, and it is the strut rail of giving prominence to about the lifting valve 83 (angle can only illustrate among the figure) that its afterbody has.The afterbody of plunger valve is promoted valve is closed by spring 85, and the sealing cone 81 of its head is pressed on the sealing seat 86 between heat outlet 99 and the combustion gas mixing firing chamber 100, and the flange platform 82 on the head gets lodged in the vent of sealing seat.The set rocking arm 87 by 88 controls of the cam on the camshaft 89 is stretched strut rail 83 bottom surfaces at the plunger valve, promotes unlatching so that can drive the plunger valve.The angle that plunger valve 80 is opened by cam 88 control and be equivalent among Figure 11 the t line constantly to the angular range of C line.Because it is also few to leave the opening time of plunger valve for, can make the net lift of valve from the bigger position of valve speed at the set flange platform 82 of plunger valve head.Plunger valve 80 among the figure is in closed position, when cam 88 forwards the enable possition to, through the strut rail 83 of rocking arm 87 drive valve afterbodys, just can drive the rising of plunger valve and open behind the elastic force that overcomes spring 85.Because of the plunger valve have about outstanding crosspiece 83, its rocking arm 87 and cam 88 also are double, are in cam 71 both sides.When the plunger valve-closing, for the bigger work done combustion gas of energy sealing load, require the elastic force of spring 85 also to want enough big, this just requires the sealing cone 81 of plunger valve head and contacted sealing seat 86 to have very big hardness and impact resistance, also requires cam can produce very big control force simultaneously the spring 85 of closing valve can be compressed.

Be the sloped top face of matching pair cylinder 47, the end face of gas distribution piston 72 also tilts, not guiding gutter 77.Set little secondary cylinder 54 is connected with inflation inlet 90 and ventilation outlet 94 successively by control valve 106, and is identical among control valve and Fig. 9, employing also be the 3-position-3-way guiding valve.The gas distribution piston 72 of secondary cylinder and the little gas distribution piston 78 of little secondary cylinder are connected with secondary crankshaft 76 through separately connecting rod respectively, and the velocity ratio of secondary crankshaft and bent axle 24 is 1: 1.

For the setting of oil sprayer, in Figure 19, oil sprayer has been located in the plunger valve, for oil sprayer 102 is installed, in plunger valve 80, be provided with duct 84, the head of oil sprayer 102 puts in the duct of plunger valve.Can slide relative in the duct 84 that allows oil sprayer 102 at the plunger valve, and during by Sealing and duct inner wall sealing, oil sprayer is to fixedly connected with the loam cake 12 of cylinder cap 1 by its afterbody.In addition, also can be fixed on oil sprayer in the duct of plunger valve, but, provide fuel oil to oil sprayer by the slip oil circuit because oil sprayer can move up and down with the switching of valve.

Figure 19 provide in cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, power piston 18 in the master cylinders 14 is to link to each other with the crank ring of slidercrank mechanism through two parallel piston rods 20, so that the intake valve 33 (referring to Figure 14) on the cylinder cap 32 of master cylinders bottom has bigger diameter dimension.Because just in order to discharge the waste gas after the work done, the active force that is subjected to is very little when up for power piston, therefore set crank ring 22 is setovered left, so that reduce the suffered side-thrust of power piston 18 during work done, shown in state among the figure.

In above given cold in dissimilar, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, identical for effect with function, but different parts or the formations of structure can reconfigure or replace fully, to form more body modification, satisfies different layouts and purposes.

In the time of in the middle of cold in the handle, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine are used for vehicle, in particular for highway and railway vehicle, requirement starts function to produce bigger braking force, this in be easy to realize in cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, and can recycle brake energy simultaneously, this is that ordinary internal combustion engine can't be compared.Can produce big braking force and recyclable utilize brake energy in cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine and the corresponding system set up as shown in figure 20, here, the pipeline that goes out interstage cooler 92 is divided into two, steam outlet pipe 91 is communicated with inflation inlet 90 through stop valve 155, another pipeline 159 is divided into two strands again, one stock-traders' know-how controllable check valve 160 leads to air cylinder 162, and another stock-traders' know-how reduction valve 164 is connected on the pipeline that leads to little secondary cylinder inflation inlet 90 behind the stop valve 155.Simultaneously, the bent axle 24 of internal-combustion engine also drives pressurized machine 172 through clutch 166 and one group of overdrive gear 171, and this pressurized machine is impeller type, is connected on the air inlet pipeline 39 that leads to intake valve 33.When the impeller type pressurized machine was not worked, the circulation area that requirement is had did not influence the air flows in the air inlet pipeline 39.In whole system is arranged, also require late release mechanism 40 controls of the outside venting that intake valve can be established in addition.

In the reality, slow down when utilizing braking among Figure 20 and brake energy reclaiming system mainly to be the initial deceleration of control vehicle and descending, more urgent braking is still finished by the braking system of vehicle self.When need slow down, brake petal 173 (also available manual) is stepped on less angle, power switch 174 utilizes the compressed air pressure in the interstage cooler to close by stop valve 155 by solenoid valve 157,169 respectively through two circuits 158,170, allow clutch 166 engage simultaneously, drive pressurized machine 172 runnings immediately.The pressurized machine 172 that rotates begins to motor provides the inlet air that exceeds the quata, and allows the pressurized air that cylinder produces of calming the anger increase considerably, and makes the also corresponding increase of braking force of motor simultaneously, makes the travelling speed of vehicle begin to reduce.After the pressurized air that fecund is given birth to is filled into interstage cooler 92, because of stop valve 155 has been closed, and set reduction valve 164 is for keeping entering through inflation inlet the compressed air pressure constant (not raising) of little secondary cylinder, can not allow too much pressurized air flow through reduction valve, this part pressurized air that increases is just pushed controllable check valve 160 open and is charged in the air cylinder 162, allows brake energy be recovered with the form of storing compressed air.As loosen the brake 173, just clutch 166 separates immediately, allow pressurized machine 172 shut down.Stop valve 155 then can be opened by phase delay, because of the compressed air pressure in the interstage cooler also is higher than normal value.Carry out anxious brake as further stepping on brake petal,, also can reach above-mentioned effect same of loosening the brake because of leaving mutually the contact of power switch.

When being provided with automatic pressure control switch 163, when controlling gas pedal when loosening the brake, surpass specified value as the gas pressure in the air cylinder 162, pressure control switch 163 just can drive a variable connector 176 voluntarily, open controllable check valve 160 by solenoid valve 161, also allow stop valve 155 close by solenoid valve 157, also make the late release mechanism 40 of intake valve 33 begin action simultaneously, allow the cylinder of calming the anger stop to produce pressurized air, at this moment motor also no longer consumes compression work certainly.After the cylinder of calming the anger stops to produce pressurized air, the just one-way valve 160 through opening and reduction valve 164 inflation inlet 90 that continues to flow to little secondary cylinder of stored pressurized air in the air cylinder 162, motor turns round in this state, because of there not being the consumption of compression work, its oil consumption meeting still less makes the corresponding raising of operational efficiency.After the gas pressure in the air cylinder 162 dropped to specified value, pressure control switch drove variable connector 176 and closes, and motor recovers normal operating condition.

During normal working of engine, as the switch 178 that connection sets up, close at stop valve 155, after clutch 166 is engaged, increased the inflation of motor because of pressurized machine 172, at this moment can utilize the power of motor self to give air cylinder 162 inflations, perhaps drive other Pneumatic actuator work.Shut down in the engine long time, when not had pressurized air in interstage cooler and the regenerator,, allow solenoid valve 161 drive controllable check valve 160 and open as power-on switch 180, just can emit the pressurized air in the air cylinder 162, allow motor obtain basic starting air pressure.

Above centering is cold, dissimilar, the working procedure of regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine and corresponding auxiliary system have been described in detail.In cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine be a kind ofly to have reached the highest thermal efficiency of cycle with structure reliable and that be easier to realize, for the efficient that further increases substantially hot machine has been opened up a new road.Since in cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine increased different parts and system newly, the efficient that improves for making by as gas throttling loss and rotary valve frictional force etc. reduce too much, should carry out more effective improvement, perfect and reinforcement in the reality in the following areas.

1. reduce the gas flow loss.For the cylinder of calming the anger is provided with the intake valve and the gas outlet valve of ACTIVE CONTROL, suffered throttling with the high rotating speed that adapts to motor and when reducing pressurized air and being discharged from cylinder.

2. allow the interior compressed air pressure of clearance volume be reclaimed by piston.In in cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine, the compressed air pressure that can allow piston reclaim mainly is in two positions, at first be to calm the anger displacer in the cylinder after finishing compression discharging process, compressed air pressure in its clearance volume is also bigger, should suitably postpone the unlatching of intake valve, make the pressure promotion piston of this part gas return, and then intake valve is opened rapidly, to carry out intake process.Be in addition after secondary cylinder and master cylinders connection and finishing combustion process, row is to fill the residual pressurized air in clearance volume and the air vent master cylinders into to the gas distribution piston of top dead center, because this part gas pressure is very big, should promote the descending work done of gas distribution piston, this just requires the connection of control valve postponement and next gas port.In Fig. 1 and the secondary cylinder IC engine of list shown in Figure 4, rotary valve is postponed the angle connected with inflation inlet shown in the arrow 153 that leaves the A line among Fig. 7, and gas distribution piston is pushed descending in this angle.In Fig. 9, Figure 13, Figure 18 and two-pack cylinder IC engine shown in Figure 19, the angle that rotary valve is postponed and the ventilation import is connected is shown in the arrow 154 that leaves the C line among Figure 10, gas distribution piston in the secondary cylinder is pushed descending in this angle, and residual its interior gas pressure is recovered.

3. interstage cooler will have enough cooling capacities.Increase the cooling capacity of cooler, can create very big temperature difference, help regenerator and more absorb heat in the exhaust to the heat that regenerator reclaims in the exhaust.This requirement the easiest being met in marine engine, therefore, cold in peculiar to vessel, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine will have the highest thermal efficiency.Equally, the low temperature in winter efficient cold in also helping, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine improves.

4. regenerator should have enough exchange capability of heat.The exchange capability of heat that improves regenerator mainly is to strengthen the heat exchange area of regenerator and adopt countercurrent heat exchange method with exhaust.Simultaneously, to the heat that has reclaimed, just do not allow it lose again.

5. to lay ceramic thermal-protective coating in the bottom surface of piston-top surface, master cylinder lid and the inwall of outlet pipe at least, reduce the radiation loss of motor to greatest extent, make exhaust keep higher temperature, so that the more backheat of regenerator.

6. reduce the air loss of rotary valve and suffered surface friction drag.

7. the gas distribution piston in power piston in the master cylinders and the secondary cylinder is all made double acting structure, also can further reduce the surface friction drag that is produced.

8. combine with existing turbocharging technology.In after cold, regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine adopts turbosupercharging, not only directly increased the output power of motor, also can further realize more favourable secondary compression, the intercooled compression process of secondary.

Fully coordinate above-mentioned each advantage, in undesirable element cold, the regenerative heat type internal-combustion engine drop to minimumly, just can obtain a kind ofly having peak efficiency, and being fit to the brand-new type internal-combustion engine of future development.Cold in this, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine is fit to make bigger power, and it is fully feasible it being used for aspects such as boats and ships, power station, power source and vehicle.

Claims (11)

1. cold in, regenerative two-stroke internal combustion engine, it comprises the master cylinders (14) that exhaust valve (6) are housed and intake valve (33) is housed and the cylinder of calming the anger (26) of gas outlet valve (42), power piston (18) in the master cylinders (14) links to each other with bent axle (24) through connecting rod respectively with displacer (29) in the cylinder of calming the anger (26), perhaps the cylinder of calming the anger is located at master cylinders (14) bottom, allow displacer and power piston (18) be integrated, link to each other with bent axle (24) through corresponding driving component again behind the piston rod through passing bottom cylinder cap (32); Be provided with the secondary cylinder (45) that gas distribution piston (72) is housed in it at the master cylinders sidepiece, gas distribution piston links to each other with secondary crankshaft (76) through connecting rod, secondary cylinder can be pressed corresponding order and inflation inlet (90) by set valve, ventilation outlet (94), ventilation import (98) and heat outlet (99) communicate, wherein, inflation inlet (90) is communicated to through interstage cooler (92) on the air outlet of gas outlet valve (42) control of the cylinder of calming the anger (26), be communicated with ventilation import (98) again behind ventilation outlet (94) regenerator (96) through placing gas exhaust piping, heat outlet (99) is communicated with master cylinders (14), it is characterized in that: heat outlet (99) communicates with master cylinders (14) through connecting passage (101) behind a spherical combustion gas mixing firing chamber (100) again, the oil sprayer (102) of oil spout in the combustion gas mixing firing chamber is housed on cylinder cap (1), also is provided with corresponding glow plug (104) or spark plug (105).

2. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the valve at secondary cylinder (45) top is rotary valve (58), the air vent of this rotary valve (60) can be successively with the valve interior wall of cylinder cap (1) on corresponding inflation inlet (90), ventilation outlet (94), ventilation import (98) and heat outlet (99) are communicated with, rotary valve is kept its position by axle (62) by bearing, driven wheel of differential (66) is equipped with in the outer end of axle (62), drive bevel gear (67) engagement on this gear and the camshaft (9), rotary valve (58) is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle (24), and secondary crankshaft (76) is 2: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle (24).

3. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distribution process of secondary cylinder is separated to carry out in two secondary cylinders, volume in the secondary cylinder (47) of master cylinders (14) side constitutes hot chamber (48), the little secondary cylinder (54) that other establishes constitutes cold chamber (55), the valve at secondary cylinder (47) top of master cylinders side is rotary valve (61), the air vent of this rotary valve (60) can be successively communicates with corresponding ventilation import (98) and heat outlet (99) on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap (10), rotary valve (61) is kept its position by axle (62) by bearing, driven wheel of differential (66) is housed, drive bevel gear (67) engagement on this gear and the camshaft (9) in the outer end of axle; Little secondary cylinder (54) can be communicated with inflation inlet (90) and ventilation outlet (94) respectively by control valve, the interior little gas distribution piston (78) of gas distribution piston (72) in the secondary cylinder (47) and little secondary cylinder (54) is connected with secondary crankshaft (76) through separately connecting rod respectively, rotary valve (61) is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle (24), and secondary crankshaft (76) is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle (24).

4. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distribution process of secondary cylinder is separated to carry out in the cylinder sleeve (50) of the secondary cylinder (47) with double-action function, gas distribution piston (72) in the secondary cylinder (47) is divided into the hot chamber (48) at top and the cold chamber of little volume (55) of bottom to secondary cylinder, links to each other with secondary crankshaft (76) through corresponding driving component behind the piston rod (74) of gas distribution piston (72) through passing cylinder sleeve (50) bottom cylinder cap (53) again; The valve at secondary cylinder (47) top is rotary valve (61), the air vent of this rotary valve (60) can be successively communicates with corresponding ventilation import (98) and heat outlet (99) on the valve interior wall of cylinder cap (1), rotary valve (61) is kept its position by axle (62) by bearing, driven wheel of differential (66) is housed, drive bevel gear (67) engagement on this gear and the camshaft (9) in the outer end of axle; The cold chamber (55) of pair cylinder bottom portion can be communicated with inflation inlet (90) and ventilation outlet (94) respectively by control valve, and rotary valve (61) is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle (24), and secondary crankshaft (76) is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle (24).

5. internal-combustion engine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the cylinder sleeve (50) of the secondary cylinder of double-action (47) links to each other with rotary valve, be provided with air vent (51) in the cylinder sleeve bottom, correspondingly be provided with inflation inlet (90) and ventilation outlet (94) on the valve wall of cylinder body, cold chamber, the bottom of secondary cylinder (55) can be connected with inflation inlet and ventilation outlet respectively through air vent (51).

6. want 2,3 or 5 described internal-combustion engines according to right, it is characterized in that: the cylinder sleeve and the rotary valve of secondary cylinder are connected as a single entity, and constitute rotating secondary cylinder, and secondary cylinder is that the bottom by axle (62) and the cylinder sleeve at top is kept its position by bearing (69,70) accordingly.

7. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the distribution process of secondary cylinder is separated to carry out in two secondary cylinders, and the volume in the secondary cylinder (47) of master cylinders side constitutes hot chamber, and the little secondary cylinder (54) that other establishes constitutes cold chamber; The set valve in secondary cylinder (47) top is the rise-fall type valve, secondary cylinder is communicated with by the overhead type mushroom valve of being controlled by cam (52) control that is located on the cylinder cap (1) with ventilation import (98), the heat outlet (99) of secondary cylinder is gone up interior plunger valve (80) of valve opening and corresponding sealing seat (86) control with being communicated with by being contained in cylinder cap (1) of master cylinders (14), the head of plunger valve (80) has sealing cone (81) and flange platform (82), the strut rail of giving prominence to about its afterbody has (83), when the afterbody of plunger valve is promoted to make valve-closing by spring (85), the sealing cone of its head (81) is pressed on the sealing seat (86) between heat outlet (99) and combustion gas mixing firing chamber (100), the flange platform (82) of head gets lodged in the vent of sealing seat, the set rocking arm (87) by the control of the cam (88) on the camshaft (89) is stretched crosspiece (83) bottom surface at the plunger valve, can drive the plunger valve and promote unlatching; Little secondary cylinder (54) can be communicated with inflation inlet (90) and ventilation outlet (94) respectively by control valve, gas distribution piston (72) in the secondary cylinder (47) and the little gas distribution piston (78) in the little secondary cylinder (54) are connected with secondary crankshaft (76) through separately connecting rod respectively, and the velocity ratio of secondary crankshaft (76) and bent axle (24) is 1: 1.

8. internal-combustion engine according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described plunger valve (80) is provided with the duct (84) that oil sprayer (102) is installed, the head of oil sprayer (102) puts in the duct (84) of plunger valve, when oil sprayer (102) energy slide relative in the duct of plunger valve, and when sealing by Sealing, oil sprayer (102) is fixedlyed connected with the loam cake (12) of cylinder cap by its afterbody; Oil sprayer also can be fixed in the plunger valve.

9. according to claim 3,4 or 7 described internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: for the set control valve in cold chamber (55) of the secondary cylinder bottom of little secondary cylinder or double-action portion is to have the 3-position-3-way guiding valve that meta is closed function, the air vent (65) in cold chamber (55) is communicated with the meta annular groove (108) of guiding valve, the side position annular groove (109) of guiding valve leads to the steam outlet pipe (91) of interstage cooler through inflation inlet, the suction tude (95) that opposite side annular groove (110) leads to regenerator (96) through the ventilation outlet, spool (107) is driven by valve bent axle (112) through connecting rod, gas distribution piston (72) row in the secondary cylinder of little gas distribution piston (78) or double-action is to last, during lower dead center, just row is to the meta closed position place of 1/2 stroke for spool (107), and valve bent axle (112) is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of secondary crankshaft (76).

10. according to claim 2,3,4 or 7 described internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: when the cylinder cap (32) that can allow piston rod pass is set up as air pump in master cylinders (14) bottom, intake valve in the cylinder cap (33) is contained on the set valve guide bushing (38), be provided with block seat (36) in the end of valve stem (34), set transverse spring (114) withstands on the elasticity arm (120) of the rocking arm (118) on the installation shaft (117) through footstock (115), the front end (119) of rocking arm (118) is also withstood on the bottom surface (37) of block seat (36) of intake valve; rocking arm (118) also act on by the cam (128) on the camshaft (127) by the control arm (121) on it; when need unlatching intake valve; cam (128) can make the front end (119) of rocking arm (118) leave the bottom surface (37) of intake valve block seat (36), and transverse spring (114) is compressed; The front end of the pressure arm (122) on the installation shaft (117) is pressed on the valve stem (34), tension arm on the pressure arm (123) is passed footstock and the effect of the unlatching spring (126) between the pull bar link stopper (125) on the pull bar (124) of footstock (115), the active force that allows pressure arm outer end and rocking arm outer end be clamped.

11. according to claim 2,3,4 or 7 described internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that: when described internal-combustion engine is used for vehicle, the pipeline that goes out interstage cooler (92) is divided into two, pipeline (91) is communicated with inflation inlet (90) through stop valve (155), another pipeline (159) is divided into two strands again, one stock-traders' know-how controllable check valve (160) leads to air cylinder (162), and another stock-traders' know-how reduction valve (164) is connected on the pipeline that leads to inflation inlet (90) behind the stop valve (155); The bent axle of internal-combustion engine (24) also drives pressurized machine (172) through clutch (166) and one group of overdrive gear (171), this pressurized machine is an impeller type, be connected on the air inlet pipeline (39) that leads to intake valve (33) control of the late release mechanism (40) of the outside venting that intake valve (33) is also established in addition.

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