CN101021187A - Intercooling isobaric heat absorption hot-air engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an intercooling equal pressure heat-absorbed hot air engine. It includes a semi-closed or closed circulating loop formed from main cylinder, intercooler, auxiliary cylinder and heater. The heater is placed in a high-temperature exhaust pipeline communicated with exterior heat source or placed in a focused solar heating device. Because the heated air in the heater interior and high-temperature air flow of exterior heat source adopt a countercurrent heat-exchange mode, and its internal heat-absorbing process is implemented under the equal pressure state, so that said heater can fully absorb the heat quantity produced by external heat source so as to raise the heat quantity utilization efficiency of the invented hot air engine.

Description

Middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine

Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of heat engine, particularly middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine.

Background technique is in the given patent of invention specification in " 20061008118.7 " " 20061008447X " " 2006100869224 " and " 200610083243.1 " at application number, though cold backheating internal-combustion engines has different structure types in the described series, wherein adopt the middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines of combustion furnace under the internal combustion mode, can also use solid fuel, but under the internal combustion mode, use solid fuel or be not easy to realize, it need be provided with toward the special use of the interior conveying solid substance fuel of high pressure combustion stove and pump into device, simultaneously, the piston that the ash in the combustion gas also can countercylinder causes wearing and tearing.In addition, in order to recycle the heat in the high-temperature gas that other high temperature heat source of factory and enterprise produced, the perhaps heat energy for utilizing solar heat collector to produce, the middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines of above-mentioned variant type are structurally and be not suitable for.

For the Stirling heat engine that occurs already, though this heat engine does not have control valve in the circulatory system, but the working medium in it is the heater of back and forth flowing through back and forth, working medium was when refluxing heater, because of the temperature of working medium very high, just no longer absorb the heat of external heat source, cause the delivery temperature of external heat source to raise, the Btu utilization efficient of fuel is reduced.Equally, this working medium is reciprocal back and forth flowing in heater, can not constitute particularly advantageous countercurrent flow process in the common heat exchanger, and this has also influenced the further raising of Stirling heat engine efficient.

Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is on the middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines basis of above-mentioned variant type, providing a kind of is more suitable for utilizing external heat source to carry out the middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine of work, this heat engine can not only high efficiencyly absorb the heat that external heat source produces, but also can further develop out multiple different structure type, with the needs of better adaptation different places.

For achieving the above object, the cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine comprises the master cylinder that the work done suction valve is housed and is arranged in the other countercylinder of master cylinder side in of the present invention, power piston in the master cylinder links to each other with bent axle through connecting rod, the piston rod of gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through passing the bottom cylinder cap has been divided into the first mate's cylinder of upside and the little secondary cylinder that has been taken partial volume by piston rod of downside to countercylinder, gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through piston rod with after the crosshead in the outside links to each other, link to each other with the bent axle transmission through corresponding driving mechanism, gas distribution piston postpones certain angle than power piston and arrives top dead center again; First mate's cylinder in the countercylinder is communicated with master cylinder through the work done suction valve, on first mate's cylinder, also be provided with suction valve, little secondary cylinder is communicated with ventilation outlet and ventilation import respectively under the control of cold aeration mouth at set control valve of downside, the ventilation outlet of little secondary cylinder is communicated with the heater inlet end through connecting pipeline, the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder through heat insulation pipeline and suction valve, the ventilation import of little secondary cylinder is communicated with the outlet side of interstage cooler through connecting pipeline, heater places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused; Be provided with controlled outgassing nonreturn valve on the cylinder cap of master cylinder, master cylinder is connected with the inlet end of interstage cooler by outlet pipe behind this one-way valve; Outgassing nonreturn valve utilizes the valve rod at its back side to be loaded in the hole of lifting push rod, the lifting push rod is contained in the slide opening on the cylinder cap, and through seal ring and slide opening inwall maintenance sealing, top at the lifting push rod is provided with block seat, and the spring that allows the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve is housed between this block seat and cylinder cap; Limit journey elastic force head part in the sliding sleeve of set cam on being located at cylinder cap is pressed on the block seat of lifting push rod, limit journey elastic force head part comprises that two ends are provided with the pull bar of seat ring and retaining head and the back-up ring that cover is stoped by the retaining head thereon, big elastic spring is housed between seat ring and back-up ring, and limit journey elastic force head part is pressed on the block seat of lifting push rod with the back-up ring of downside; The retaining head that is exposed at the back-up ring downside can be stretched in the pit that has respective depth on block seat; Carry out in the work done process at master cylinder, cam is closed through limit journey elastic force head part and lifting push rod control outgassing nonreturn valve, and the lifting push rod is pressed on the outgassing nonreturn valve; When master cylinder will carry out exhaust, cam turned over limit journey elastic force head part, and spring makes the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve; Be respectively equipped with scavenging port and relief opening on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, scavenging port is connected with the outlet side of scavenging pump through the scavenging pipeline, and power piston is capable when the top dead center, and the skirt section of its downside can shelter from set scavenging port and relief opening; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air outlet slit of the cooling air jacket that the interstage cooler periphery is set leads to the air supply opening of combustion furnace through air pipeline.

The heat engine structure type that is connected with master cylinder through the work done suction valve according to above-mentioned first mate's cylinder, mode arranged side by side is arranged about also can allowing master cylinder adopt, power piston in every side master cylinder links to each other by the crossbeam that is contained on the wrist pin separately, about two bent axles go up intermeshing synchromesh gear by it and keep the reverse sync rotation; The countercylinder of the described first mate's of having cylinder and little secondary cylinder is inverted the upper position that is located between two master cylinders, gas distribution piston in the countercylinder is driven by the secondary crankshaft that is located at upper position, arrange that towards master cylinder first mate's cylinder is communicated with the master cylinder of both sides through two work done suction valves of left and right side respectively, the suction valve on first mate's cylinder is by the cam control that is located between two master cylinders; The control valve of controlling little secondary cylinder cold aeration mouth is located between the countercylinder of arranging in upright arrangement on the position, and the small crankshaft that is linked to each other with driven gear drives, and the actuation gear on driven gear and the side camshaft meshes.

When above-mentioned two kinds of heat engines adopted the combustion furnace heat supply, set relief opening led to the air supply opening of combustion furnace on the master cylinder through gas exhaust piping; Perhaps allow the outlet end of gas exhaust piping put in the formed ejection cavity of air pipeline as the air ejection spout.

What the cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine adopted in second kind of the present invention is the structural configuration mode that allows first mate's cylinder be connected with master cylinder through heat insulation gas collecting tube, it comprises master cylinder that the work done suction valve is housed and countercylinder arranged apart, power piston is housed in master cylinder, gas distribution piston is housed in countercylinder, it is protruding that the piston rod of gas distribution piston passes the cylinder cap of downside, countercylinder is divided into first mate's cylinder and taken the little secondary cylinder of partial volume by piston rod, on the cylinder cap of first mate's cylinder, be respectively equipped with suction valve and outlet valve, little secondary cylinder is communicated with ventilation outlet and ventilation import respectively under the control of set control valve by the cold aeration mouth of downside, the ventilation import of little secondary cylinder is communicated with the outlet side of interstage cooler through connecting pipeline, the ventilation outlet is communicated with the inlet end of heater through connecting pipeline, the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder through heat insulation pipeline and suction valve, heater places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused; First mate's cylinder is communicated with master cylinder through gas outlet valve, heat insulation gas collecting tube and work done suction valve; Be provided with controlled outgassing nonreturn valve on the cylinder cap of master cylinder, master cylinder is connected with the inlet end of interstage cooler by outlet pipe behind this one-way valve; Outgassing nonreturn valve utilizes the valve rod at its back side to be loaded in the hole of lifting push rod, the lifting push rod is contained in the slide opening on the cylinder cap, and through seal ring and slide opening inwall maintenance sealing, top at the lifting push rod is provided with block seat, and the spring that allows the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve is housed between this block seat and cylinder cap; Limit journey elastic force head part in the sliding sleeve of set cam on being located at cylinder cap is pressed in blocking of lifting push rod, limit journey elastic force head part comprises that two ends are provided with the pull bar of seat ring and retaining head and the back-up ring that cover is stoped by the retaining head thereon, big elastic spring is housed between seat ring and back-up ring, limit journey elastic force head part is pressed on the block seat of lifting push rod with the back-up ring of downside, and the retaining head that is exposed at the back-up ring downside can be stretched in the pit that has respective depth on block seat; Carry out in the work done process at master cylinder, cam is closed through limit journey elastic force head part and lifting push rod control outgassing nonreturn valve, and the lifting push rod is pressed on the outgassing nonreturn valve; When master cylinder will carry out exhaust, cam turned over limit journey elastic force head part, and spring makes the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air outlet slit of the cooling air jacket that the interstage cooler periphery is set leads to the air supply opening of combustion furnace through air pipeline.

According to second kind of heat engine structure type of the present invention, countercylinder can be located at the top of master cylinder, the piston rod of gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through passing cylinder cap directly links to each other with the top of master cylinder medium power piston, the shared cylinder cap of the little secondary cylinder of countercylinder and master cylinder, the power piston in the master cylinder links to each other with following bent axle through connecting rod.

According to second kind of heat engine structure type of the present invention, also countercylinder can be located at the top of master cylinder, the piston rod of gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through passing cylinder cap directly links to each other with the top of master cylinder medium power piston, the shared cylinder cap of the little secondary cylinder of countercylinder and master cylinder; Power piston in the master cylinder is made into double acting structure, makes its downside and following cylinder cap form down master cylinder, and the crosshead of the power piston bar of power piston through passing down cylinder cap, outside and connecting rod link to each other with bent axle in the crankcase; Be respectively equipped with work done suction valve and following outgassing nonreturn valve down on the following cylinder cap of following master cylinder, following master cylinder also is communicated with set heat insulation gas collecting tube through work done suction valve down, and also outgassing nonreturn valve is communicated with the outlet pipe that leads to interstage cooler under the warp.

According to second kind of heat engine structure type of the present invention, when making bigger power, two cylinders mode arranged side by side is arranged about can allowing master cylinder adopt, power piston in every side master cylinder is made into double acting structure, make its downside and following cylinder cap form down master cylinder, every side power piston power piston bar, crosshead and connecting rod through passing down cylinder cap respectively links to each other with bent axle in the crankcase, two bent axles keep reverse sync to rotate by the synchromesh gear that is meshed on it, link to each other by the crossbeam that is contained on the connecting pin separately between the crosshead of both sides; The set countercylinder with first mate's cylinder and little secondary cylinder is in the upper position in the middle of two master cylinders, and the middle part of the crossbeam between the piston rod of the lengthening of the gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through passing the bottom cylinder cap and two crossheads is connected; Be respectively equipped with down work done suction valve and following outgassing nonreturn valve on the following cylinder cap of master cylinder under every side, following master cylinder also is communicated with set heat insulation gas collecting tube through work done suction valve down, and also outgassing nonreturn valve is communicated with the outlet pipe that leads to interstage cooler under the warp.

For making the heat engine that two master cylinders are arranged side by side, two cylinders mode arranged side by side is arranged about can also allowing master cylinder adopt, power piston in every side master cylinder links to each other with following corresponding bent axle by connecting rod separately, two bent axles keep reverse sync to rotate by the synchromesh gear that is meshed on it, link to each other by the crossbeam that is contained on the wrist pin separately between the power piston of both sides; The set countercylinder with first mate's cylinder and little secondary cylinder is in the upper position in the middle of the master cylinder, and the middle part of the crossbeam between the piston rod of the gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through passing the bottom cylinder cap and two power pistons is connected.

In two kinds of heat engines of above-mentioned employing single-acting power piston, on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, be respectively equipped with scavenging port and relief opening, scavenging port is connected with the outlet side of scavenging pump through the scavenging pipeline, power piston is capable when the top dead center, the skirt section of its downside can shelter from set scavenging port and relief opening, so that allow circulation loop become the half-closed circulatory system.

It is of the present invention that the cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine adopts in the third is the mode of structure that allows master cylinder and countercylinder be circular layout around central shaft, it comprises that its cylinder cap is provided with the master cylinder of ventilating hole and divides the countercylinder that is arranged, each master cylinder and countercylinder are around the ring-like layout of central shaft, the ventilating hole of master cylinder is by the rotary valve control of central shaft end, on rotary valve, be provided with the intake valve port that to link up with ventilating hole, power piston is housed in master cylinder, and power piston links to each other with the balance or the bent axle of power conversion mechanism through connecting rod; Gas distribution piston is housed in countercylinder, cylinder cap bottom the piston rod of gas distribution piston passes is protruding, form first mate's cylinder and taken the little secondary cylinder of partial volume by piston rod, the little secondary cylinder of countercylinder is communicated with ventilation import and ventilation outlet respectively under set control valve control by the cold aeration mouth of downside, the ventilation import of little secondary cylinder is communicated with the outlet side of interstage cooler through connecting pipeline, the ventilation outlet is communicated with the inlet end of heater through connecting pipeline, the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder through heat insulation pipeline and control corresponding valve, each countercylinder of ring-like layout is located at the top of the master cylinder of corresponding each ring-like layout respectively, the piston rod of gas distribution piston in the countercylinder through passing cylinder cap links to each other with the top of master cylinder medium power piston, heater places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused; The intake valve port of first mate's cylinder on the rotary valve of control corresponding valve and heat insulation gas collecting tube and central shaft end is connected, also be provided with the exhaust valve port that can link up mutually with the ventilating hole of master cylinder on rotary valve, air outlet flue and the outlet pipe of this valve port on cylinder cap is connected with the inlet end of interstage cooler; Power piston in master cylinder is capable when top dead center begins work done, and the intake valve port on the rotary valve is linked up master cylinder and heat insulation gas collecting tube and close after turning over certain work done corner; Power piston leave lower dead center, up the gas compression in the master cylinder when identical with gas pressure in the interstage cooler, exhaust valve port on the rotary valve is communicated with master cylinder with the air outlet flue that leads to interstage cooler, and closes during to top dead center in that power piston is capable; Be respectively equipped with scavenging port and relief opening on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, scavenging port is connected with the outlet side of scavenging pump through the scavenging pipeline, and power piston is capable when the top dead center, and the skirt section of its downside can shelter from set scavenging port and relief opening; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air outlet slit of the cooling air jacket that the interstage cooler periphery is set leads to the air supply opening of combustion furnace through air pipeline.

In the heat engine that first air cylinder annular is arranged, first mate's cylinder set suction valve on its cylinder cap is communicated with the outlet side of heater, and also set outlet valve is communicated with the heat insulation gas collecting tube that leads to rotary valve on cylinder cap.

In the heat engine that second air cylinder annular arranged, the hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder on cylinder cap is by set outer rotary valve control, realization is communicated with heater or heat insulation gas collecting tube, described outer rotary valve links to each other with rotary valve on the inboard central shaft by connecting bushing, outer rotary valve has the interior edge face or the outer peripheral surface that can shelter from the hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder, which is provided with suction port and the air outlet can be respectively linked up with hot ventilating hole; Suction port on the outer rotary valve forms a semiorbicular vent slot on residing valve face, this groove is connected with the heat insulation pipeline that is connected from the heater outlet side through the heat insulation path in the outer rotary valve, gas distribution piston in first mate's cylinder from top dead center to the lower dead center moving process, be in the communication state with the suction port of valve rotation and the hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder, gas distribution piston moves on to after bottom dead center, and suction port turns over hot ventilating hole; Directly interior with being located at rotary valve and the connecting bushing heat insulation gas collecting tube in air outlet on the outer rotary valve is communicated with, gas distribution piston in the first mate is shifted to the top dead center process from lower dead center, when the gas pressure in first mate's cylinder is identical with gas pressure in the heat insulation gas collecting tube, link up with the air outlet of valve rotation and the hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder, gas distribution piston is capable of atdc, and the air outlet turns over hot ventilating hole.

What the cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine adopted in the 4th kind of the present invention is the ring-like layout of cylinder, and the mode of structure that allows cylinder body rotate, it comprises that its cylinder cap is provided with the master cylinder of ventilating hole and divides the countercylinder that is arranged, each master cylinder and countercylinder all adopt the mode around the ring-like layout of central axis, and formation rotary cylinder-block, power piston is housed in master cylinder, power piston by connecting rod or piston rod and the turnover swash plate of power conversion mechanism or fixedly swash plate link to each other, gas distribution piston is housed in countercylinder, it is protruding that the piston rod of gas distribution piston passes the bottom cylinder cap, form first mate's cylinder and taken the little secondary cylinder of partial volume by piston rod, gas distribution piston through piston rod and the turnover swash plate of outside or fixedly swash plate link to each other; When master cylinder rotates, ventilating hole on it can be communicated with set work done suction port on the valve disc of set casing, countercylinder when rotated, hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder can be respectively be communicated with set suction port and air outlet on the little valve disc of set casing on it, the cold aeration mouth of little secondary cylinder can be respectively be located at central fixed shaft on ventilation import and ventilation outlet be communicated with, be communicated with the outlet side of interstage cooler through connecting pipeline with the ventilation import on the corresponding central fixed shaft of little secondary cylinder, the ventilation outlet is communicated with the inlet end of heater through connecting pipeline, the outlet side of heater is communicated with suction port on the little valve disc through heat insulation pipeline, heater places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line that communicates with external heat source, perhaps places by the solar heat collector of optically focused; Air outlet on the little valve disc that can link up mutually with first mate's cylinder is communicated with work done suction port on the valve disc that can link up mutually with master cylinder through heat insulation gas collecting tube, also be provided with the compression exhaust mouth that can link up mutually with the master cylinder ventilating hole on valve disc, this gas port is connected with the inlet end of interstage cooler through outlet pipe; When master cylinder rotation, power piston in it capable when top dead center begins work done, the ventilating hole of master cylinder and the communication of the work done suction port on the valve disc, and after passing through certain work done angle, turning over the work done suction port; Leave lower dead center at power piston, up the gas compression in the master cylinder when identical with gas pressure in the interstage cooler, the ventilating hole of master cylinder and the compression exhaust oral groove on the valve disc lead to, and close to atdc in that power piston is capable; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air outlet slit of the cooling air jacket that the interstage cooler periphery is set leads to the air supply opening of combustion furnace through air pipeline.Corresponding power piston is in the position of lower dead center on valve disc, is provided with the scavenging port that can link up mutually with the master cylinder ventilating hole, and this scavenging port is connected with scavenging pump through the scavenging pipeline; Be provided with relief opening on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, the exhaust outlet that this relief opening set and scavenging port on the connecting pipe of cylinder body periphery and valve disc are in the equal angular position is communicated with.

In the heat engine of second ring-like layout of cylinder and cylinder body rotation, master cylinder is located at a fixedly side of swash plate, power piston wherein links to each other with crosshead through the power piston bar, and crosshead two semicircle slide blocks on it again is rotatedly connected with the fixedly swash plate that is sandwiched in the centre; Be provided with countercylinder at the fixing opposite side of swash plate, countercylinder is connected as a single entity by intermediate case and master cylinder, and the gas distribution piston in the countercylinder is connected with the opposite side of crosshead through piston rod; Be provided with the block lid that can allow the power piston bar pass in master cylinder bottom, formed bottom space can be communicated with by the intercommunication pipe between being connected bottom each master cylinder between each master cylinder medium power piston and the block lid.

In of the present invention in the cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine, the low temperature pressurized air of being discharged by little secondary cylinder flow through heater by the external heat source heating after, be to enter in first mate's cylinder of the corresponding increase of volume, allow heated pressurized air volume obtain expanding at first mate's cylinder, its pressure is not raise, allow heat absorption under isopiestic state, carry out.Compressed-air actuated expansion has promoted the external work done of piston rod of gas distribution piston, also allow the low temperature pressurized air that has just entered heater still keep low temperature because of pressure is constant, so that the hot air flow that the fast temperature of crossing from the heater circumferential flux has reduced still can heat the low temperature pressurized air that has just entered the heater, thereby increased the heat absorbing property of heater, allow the hot stream temperature that flows through the heater periphery drop to very low state, high efficiencyly utilized the heat that external heat source produced.Because heat engine Btu utilization efficient of the present invention is very high, thisly on efficient, be easy to surpass the ordinary internal combustion engine that has a large amount of exhausts and radiation loss with external combustion mode working heat mechanism of qi.

The heating system that can be used as external heat source has multiple different constituted mode, in the reality, the high-temp waste gas that can adopt in the industrial production to be produced is as the thermal source of heat engine of the present invention, also can be provided with the combustion furnace that uses coal and biomass solid fuel as external heat source, the solar heat collector that can also adopt process to focus on is outer as external heat source, and this constituted mode of external heat source flexibly is particularly conducive to the scope of promoting the use of that enlarges this heat engine of the present invention.

Compare with the Stirling heat engine, heat engine of the present invention is thermal efficiency height not only, because set interstage cooler and heater do not belong to " unhelpful volume ", the volume that increases these two parts can't reduce the working heat efficient of heat engine except that helping reducing in the volume gas flow resistance and increasing the heat exchange area.These characteristics are very beneficial for the layout of heater under different places, have increased the flexibility in the actual use of heat engine.In addition, what heat engine of the present invention adopted basically is the circulation of air semi-open type, air after the expansion is discharged cylinder in the capable sub-fraction that has during to lower dead center of power piston, and outside fresh air can be from the corresponding master cylinder that charges into of scavenging port, these characteristics not only allow power that scavenging pump consumes seldom, also allow the interior air of the circulatory system can be maintained on certain clean level the corresponding seal request that reduces heat engine of the present invention.And be in the Stirling heat engine of working medium adopting hydrogen, almost be absolute to the requirement of sealing.

Heat engine of the present invention develops on the cold backheating internal-combustion engines basis in series and goes out, though the whole work done heats of heat engine of the present invention are to import in the external combustion mode by heater, increased the volume of heater, but compare with middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, also saved the displacer of calm the anger cylinder and Qi Nei.Heat engine of the present invention is the multiple different structure type of tool not only, and also owing to can use various solid fuel to carry out work, it will be applied at aspects such as farm power machinery, generating and ship powers.Because the heat engine thermal efficiency of the present invention is very high, after making high-power unit, also can substitute in the present common power plant steam power system on a large scale, to eliminate a large amount of heat losss that unavoidable vapor condensation was produced in this power system by steam boiler and steam turbine institute structure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural arrangement figure that master cylinder of the present invention and first mate's cylinder are communicated with cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in the arranged type.

Fig. 2 is the body of heat engine shown in Fig. 1 and the enlarged view of valve mechanism.

Fig. 3 is master cylinder of the present invention is communicated with cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in the arranged type with first mate's cylinder a working procedure schematic diagram; 1. compression discharging process among the figure, 2. in the middle of cooling procedure, 3. isobaric heat absorption process, 4. expansion working process.

Fig. 4 is the overall structural arrangement figure according to the middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine of the improved arranged side by side pair of master cylinder of heat engine among Fig. 1, power piston non-lateral pressure.

Fig. 5 is the overall structural arrangement figure of cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in master cylinder of the present invention and the first mate's cylinder type arranged apart.

Fig. 6 is the body of heat engine shown in Fig. 5 and the enlarged view of valve mechanism.

Fig. 7 is the working procedure schematic diagram of cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in master cylinder of the present invention and the first mate's cylinder type arranged apart; 1. compression discharging process among the figure, 2. in the middle of cooling procedure, 3. isobaric heat absorption process, 4. expansion working process.

Fig. 8 is the overall structural arrangement figure of the double-acting middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine of power piston of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the overall structural arrangement figure of the side by side two master cylinders of the present invention, the double-acting middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine of power piston.

Figure 10 is the overall structural arrangement figure of the middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine of the side by side two master cylinders of the present invention, power piston non-lateral pressure.

Figure 11 is the overall structural arrangement figure that master cylinder among the present invention and countercylinder adopt the middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine that is circular layout.

Figure 12 is the sectional drawing of A-A among Figure 11, there is shown each valve port deployment scenarios of rotary valve.

Figure 13 is the overall structural arrangement figure that adopts cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in the another kind that is circular layout according to the improved master cylinder of heat engine among Figure 11 and countercylinder.

Figure 14 is the sectional view of A-A among Figure 13, there is shown each valve port deployment scenarios of rotary valve.

Figure 15 is the sectional view of B-B among Figure 13, there is shown each valve port deployment scenarios of outer rotary valve.

Figure 16 is that master cylinder and countercylinder adopt and be circular layout and the overall structural arrangement figure of the middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine that cylinder body is rotated among the present invention.

Figure 17 is the sectional view of A-A among Figure 16, there is shown the deployment scenarios of each valve port on the valve disc.

Figure 18 be among the present invention master cylinder and countercylinder adopt be circular layout and another kind that cylinder body is rotated in the overall structural arrangement figure of cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine.

Embodiment adopts very near connection arrangement still to adopt through heat insulation gas collecting tube mode of communicating arranged apart according to master cylinder and first mate's cylinder and is divided into two kinds of different structure types in middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine.What Fig. 1 provided is the overall structural arrangement that master cylinder is communicated with cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in the arranged type among the present invention with first mate's cylinder, and Fig. 2 is the body of heat engine among Fig. 1 and the enlarged view of valve mechanism.In the heat engine of this structure, be furnished with countercylinder 1 on the master cylinder 38 sides side that work done suction valve 36 is housed, the power piston 86 in the master cylinder links to each other with bent axle 95 through connecting rod 93.The piston rod 17 of gas distribution piston 18 in the countercylinder 1 through passing bottom cylinder cap 11 has been divided into the first mate's cylinder 2 of upside and the little secondary cylinder 10 that has been taken partial volume by piston rod of downside to countercylinder.Gas distribution piston 18 in the countercylinder 1, links to each other with bent axle 95 transmissions through corresponding driving mechanism with after the crosshead in the outside links to each other through piston rod 17 again.First mate's cylinder 2 is communicated with master cylinder 38 through work done suction valve 36.Arrive top dead center owing to will allow gas distribution piston 18 postpone certain angle than power piston 86, with after the crosshead 19 in the outside links to each other, again through small rod 20, rocking arm 21 links to each other with bent axle 95 transmissions with connecting rod 22 gas distribution piston 18 through piston rod 17 in Fig. 1.In this driving mechanism arrangement, power piston 86 arrives atdc (referring to Fig. 2), the angle that gas distribution piston 18 meeting phase delay are 50 °-80 ° moves on to top dead center, so that the work done suction valve 36 of the work done gas in first mate's cylinder 2 through opening is pressed in the master cylinder 38 the 86 descending works done of propulsion power piston.

Be provided with suction valve 4 on first mate's cylinder 2, be provided with cold aeration mouth 13 at the downside of little secondary cylinder 10, little secondary cylinder can be communicated with ventilation outlet 16 and ventilation import 15 respectively under the control of control valve 12 through cold aeration mouth 13.The ventilation of little secondary cylinder outlet 16 is communicated with through the inlet end of connecting pipeline 127 with heater 126, and the suction valve 4 of the outlet side of heater on heat insulation pipeline 129 and first mate's cylinder is communicated with first mate's cylinder 2.On the cylinder cap 59 of master cylinder 38, be provided with controlled outgassing nonreturn valve 45, master cylinder is connected by the inlet end of outlet pipe 113 with interstage cooler 112 behind this one-way valve, and the outlet side of interstage cooler is communicated with the ventilation import 15 of little secondary cylinder 10 through connecting pipeline 115.

In middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine, heater is a kind of heat exchanger, and the thermal source of outer portion heats, and heater can place in high-temperature exhaust air (or discharge opeing) pipeline that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused.In the present embodiment, what external heat source adopted is to use solid-fuelled combustion furnace 134, heater 126 is installed in the high-temperature exhaust pipe 132 that is communicated with combustion furnace, and heated air flow is opposite with the flow direction of the high-temperature combustion gas of combustion furnace 134 discharges in the heater, be formed with the countercurrent flow process that is beneficial to exchange heat, allow lower that the gas temperature that flows through the heater periphery falls, its heat is absorbed fully by the air in the heater as much as possible, thereby increase substantially the utilization ratio of heat engine fuel heat of the present invention.In specific implementation process, as long as adopting to use the combustion furnace of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel as external heat source, for the heat that utilizes interstage cooler to give out, the air supply opening 137 that just should lead to the heat radiation air outlet slit 122 of the set cooling air jacket 121 in interstage cooler 112 peripheries through air pipeline 123 as shown in Figure 1, combustion furnace 134.After adjusting the heating load of combustion furnace, just can allow heat engine of the present invention can not produce very big heat extraction loss basically.

Set each respective valves structure as shown in Figure 2 on the cylinder cap 59 of master cylinders 38, here, master cylinders and first mate's cylinder 2 shared cylinder caps, the heated air that comes out from heater 126 enters first mate's cylinder 2 through suction valve 4 earlier, after being compressed to a certain degree by up gas distribution piston 18 more just the work done suction valve 36 of the controlled unlatching on cylinder cap 59 enter master cylinder 38, promote to have moved on to the power piston 86 downward operation expansion workings of top dead center, shown in state among Fig. 2.Before power piston does not move on to top dead center, in master cylinder 38, leak through work done suction valve 36 for preventing first mate's gas in the jar that pressure has raise, between the gland on work done suction valve 36 and the cylinder cap 70, be provided with the bigger spring of elastic force 71.Equally, for prevent that the work done gas that enters master cylinder from outwards spilling along the outgassing nonreturn valve on the cylinder cap 59 45 in the expansion working process, outgassing nonreturn valve is at this moment controlled, exert pressure by the lifting push rod 47 above it, outgassing nonreturn valve 45 is pressed on the valve port 61, to stop pressed gas in the master cylinder to external leakage.

Outgassing nonreturn valve 45 utilizes the valve rod 46 at its back side to be contained in the hole of lifting push rod 47, and the lifting push rod is installed in the slide opening on the cylinder cap 59, and keeps sealing through seal ring and slide opening inwall.Be provided with block seat 48 on the top of lifting push rod 47, the spring 52 that allows the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve 45 is housed between this block seat and cylinder cap 59, like this, power piston in master cylinder moves to top dead center, in the time of will discharging the pressurized air in the master cylinder, the lifting push rod 47 that is not pressed control just can be left outgassing nonreturn valve 45 in advance by spring 52 effects, allows the interior pressurized air of master cylinder push outgassing nonreturn valve easily open and outwards flows out, shown in state among Fig. 1.If owing to the weight reason of outgassing nonreturn valve 45 is very big to the influence of the efficient of giving vent to anger, also can between the valve rod 46 of lifting push rod 47 and one-way valve, set up corresponding lifting spring again.Closing by cam 65 control that is contained on the cylinder cap 59 of outgassing nonreturn valve 45, the block seat 48 that the limit journey elastic force head part 53 of cam 65 in being contained in cylinder cap upper sliding sleeve 60 presses on the lifting push rod 47 makes that outgassing nonreturn valve is controlled closes.Limit journey elastic force head part 53 is made of by the back-up ring 56 that the retaining head stops thereon draw retaining 58 and the cover that two ends are provided with seat ring 54 and retaining 55, between seat ring 54 and retaining 55 big elastic spring 57 is housed, the back-up ring 56 of limit journey elastic force head part 53 usefulness downsides is pressed on the block seat 48 of lifting push rod.The retaining 55 that is exposed at the back-up ring downside can be stretched in the pit 49 of respective depth set on block seat 48.Like this, when cam 65 when big elastic spring 57 and lifting push rod 47 act on the outgassing nonreturn valve 45,55 pit 49 that can put on the block seat of the retaining on the pull bar 58.Owing to be provided with big elastic spring 57, after cam 65 is closed outgassing nonreturn valve 45, also outgassing nonreturn valve has been applied a very big closing pressure (among Fig. 2 shown in the state), leaked to interstage cooler 112 to prevent the work done gas in the master cylinder through big elastic spring.For reducing the effect of attrition that 57 pairs of cams 65 of big elastic spring are increased, cam 65 is that the pinch roller 64 on the jacking block 63 acts on limit journey elastic force head part in the middle of being located at.

On cylinder cap shown in Figure 2 in the layout of each valve, three set different valves are all by three on the camshaft 66 corresponding different cam controls, the outgassing nonreturn valve 45 of cam 65 control master cylinders, cam 68 is through rocking arm 69 control work done suction valves 36, and cam 72 is through the rocking arm 73 on top and the suction valve 4 on the push rod 74 control first mate cylinders 2.The cold aeration mouth 13 of little secondary cylinder 10 is by 12 controls of sliding type control valve, and this valve is driven by small crankshaft 80 through small rod 82.

In the heat engine running, the sealing ring that is located on power piston, work done suction valve and the lifting push rod etc. will prevent that promptly intrasystem pressed gas from leaking, and will prevent that also lubricant oil from entering in the circulatory system.To the structural requirement of power piston as shown in Figure 2, the skirt section of power piston 86 is longer, capable at power piston to atdc, its downside skirt section can not only shelter from scavenging port 40 and relief opening 42, oil ring 88 also has been located at has been in scavenging port and the position below the relief opening, upwards entered so that prevent the lubricating oil that splashes in the crankcase.

In the structural configuration of heat engine of the present invention, can adopt closed cycle mode completely, also can by scavenging port 40 and relief opening 42 are set on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, allow heat engine as shown in Figure 1 with half-closed circular flow.Why be called half-closed circulation, be because power piston 86 moves to after lower dead center exposes scavenging port 40 and relief opening 42 simultaneously, 41 of scavenging pumps provide a spot of fresh air to enter from scavenging port, and allow the portion gas behind the expansion working discharges from relief opening 42 in the master cylinder, so that the working medium (air) in the circulatory system can be remained on certain clean level, reduce the requirement of heat engine relatively, also can correspondingly reduce the cooling energy of interstage cooler sealing.Under normal output, because the gas after the work done of discharging from relief opening still has certain heat, can be utilized for making this part heat, also can allow set relief opening 42 on the master cylinder 38 lead to the air supply opening 137 of combustion furnace 134 through gas exhaust piping 125.In Fig. 1 embodiment, from cooling air jacket 121 and master cylinder relief opening 42 and the pipeline that comes is disposed such, the outlet end of gas exhaust piping 125 has put in the air pipeline 123 formed ejection cavities 124 as air ejection spout 44, drives the heat radiation air that comes from cooling air jacket 121 by the airflow injection effect and enters combustion furnace 134 participation burnings.Certainly, if utilize gas injection mode not reach required air output, also can be cooling air jacket corresponding blower device is set.Because it is very big to how many influences of heat that the heater compressed air absorbed finally to flow through the compressed air temperature of interstage cooler, for strengthening the cooling effect of interstage cooler, still is provided with water(-cooling) jacket 117 after cooling air jacket 121.

Constituted the circulation system of heat engine of the present invention by master cylinder, interstage cooler, heater and big or small secondary cylinder, the cyclic process of middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine comprises compression discharge, middle cooling, isobaric heat absorption and four working procedure of expansion working as shown in Figure 3.

1. the power piston 86 in the compression discharging process master cylinder 38 is from upwards operation of lower dead center, and the air in the compression master cylinder is pushed open by easier for helping outgassing nonreturn valve 45, and the lifting push rod 47 at its back leaves outgassing nonreturn valve in advance.When the air in master cylinder is compressed to the air pressure that is higher than in the interstage cooler 112,, the pressurized air in the master cylinder flows to interstage cooler 112, as Fig. 3 1. shown in the state along arrow 114 directions just pushing outgassing nonreturn valve 45 open.Power piston 86 moves on to atdc, and the compression discharging process in the master cylinder finishes, and the lifting push rod 47 that outgassing nonreturn valve 45 also is moved downward cuts out.

2. the pressurized air that cooling procedure is discharged from master cylinder in the middle of enters interstage cooler, after flowing through interstage cooler 112 along arrow 116 directions again, because of its heat of compression is taken by the cooling water of outside, make this part air become low-temp low-pressure pressurized air, allow the interior compression discharging process that is carried out of master cylinder near waiting temperature state, because of the compressed-air actuated pressure of centre cooling the reduction, also allow the easier interstage cooler that enters of pressurized air in the master cylinder, thereby the corresponding compression work consumption that has reduced power piston also provides very big temperature difference for the isobaric heat absorption process that will carry out.The low temperature pressurized air that flows out from middle cooler charges into the little secondary cylinder 10 of downside gas distribution piston 18 is up after, middle cooling procedure finishes.

Here, the ratio of master cylinder volume and little secondary cylinder volume is exactly the compression ratio of heat engine of the present invention.

3. isobaric heat absorption process gas distribution piston 18 up top dead centers that move on to, beginning is descending after allowing the little secondary cylinder 10 of downside be filled pressurized air, at this moment the suction valve on first mate's cylinder 24 is opened, allow the outlet side of first mate's cylinder and heater 126 connect, 12 little secondary cylinders of cut-out of the control valve of little secondary cylinder are communicated with interstage cooler, change with the inlet end of heater 126 and connect, like this under gas distribution piston 18 effects of moving to lower dead center, low temperature pressurized air in the little secondary cylinder 10 just flows into heater 126 along arrow 128, and by extraneous high temperature heat source gas heating, the air that has been heated charges into first mate's cylinder 2 along the suction valve 4 of arrow 130 directions through opening.Because the volume of first mate's cylinder 2 is expanded in first mate's cylinder by the warmed-up pressurized air volume of heater accordingly greater than little secondary cylinder 10, the air pressure after being heated does not rise, and the heating process in the heater is carried out under isopiestic state.

In the isobaric heat absorption process, because of heated pressurized air volume has carried out corresponding expansion in first mate's cylinder, the piston rod 17 of gas distribution piston is pushed along arrow 139 directions moves down work done, simultaneously, because isobaric heating also allows the low temperature compressed air temperature that has just entered heater 126 can not rise, the high temperature heat source gas that allows the fast temperature of crossing from the heater circumferential flux reduce still can heat the low temperature pressurized air that just enters heater, heat in the high temperature heat source gas can be exhausted substantially by heater, thereby improved the Btu utilization efficient of heat engine of the present invention, also increased the ability of heater absorption heat.

Gas distribution piston 18 moves on to after bottom dead center, and the suction valve 4 on first mate's cylinder 2 cuts out, and the control valve 12 of little secondary cylinder 10 also cuts off the communication of little secondary cylinder and heater, and the isobaric heat absorption process finishes, and allows be full of the hot compressed air that absorbs a lot of heats in first mate's cylinder 2.

4. the expansion working process in this course, the hot compressed airs in the earlier up compression of the gas distribution piston 18 first mate cylinders 2 further improve compressed-air actuated temperature and pressure.Be compressed to a certain degree at pressurized air, power piston 86 in the master cylinder 38 is good during to top dead center, work done suction valve 36 is opened, master cylinder and first mate's cylinder are linked up, the gas distribution piston 18 of small size is just compressed into master cylinder 38 to the temperature and pressure in first mate's cylinder 2 because of further compressing the work done pressurized air that has all raise through work done suction valve 36, promoting large-area power piston 86 moves to lower dead center, carry out the expansion working process shown in 4. as figure, the power of piston is pressed arrow 140 directions through connecting rod 93 and is promoted bent axle 95 and rotate outside output power.

After gas distribution piston 18 moved on to top dead center, the work done pressurized air in first mate's cylinder 2 is all compressed into master cylinder 38, work done suction valve 36 cut out.The work done gas that has entered master cylinder continues the 86 descending works done of propulsion power piston.Power piston moves to expansion working end after bottom dead center, and power piston begins again to move to top dead center then, carries out work cycle process next time.

Working procedure to the invention described above heat engine describes in proper order by its thermodynamic cycle, in the actual motion, it is to carry out compression discharging process that power piston in the master cylinder moves up, move down is to carry out the expansion working process, bent axle whenever circles all once work done process (during isobaric heat absorption, the work done of gas distribution piston bar is ignored for a short time because of pressure), power piston turns round in two stroke modes.Gas distribution piston in the countercylinder has cooperated the work done process of master cylinder medium power piston when upwards moving, the little secondary cylinder of downside then charges into the low temperature pressurized air of interstage cooler, and gas distribution piston is to allow heater finish the isobaric heat absorption process when moving downwards.

According to the overall structural arrangement of the given heat engine of the present invention of Fig. 1, in the reality, promptly can be made into the heat engine of single master cylinder, for increasing power, also can be made into the multi-cylinder heat engine of in-line arrangement.In addition, for making more powerful heat engine, and further improve the transmission efficiency of piston, crankshaft ﹠ connecting, also can adopt the given structure type of Fig. 4 embodiment.In the heat engine of the present invention of Fig. 4, arrangement arranged side by side about master cylinder 38 has adopted, power piston 86 in every side master cylinder links to each other by the crossbeam 98 that is contained on the wrist pin 89 separately, like this, two power pistons move up and down at the same time compress and the expansion working process in, suffered whole side pressure all can be offset because of the crossbeam that links to each other, thereby have reduced the operating surface friction drag of power piston.About two bent axles 95 go up intermeshing synchromesh gear 96 by it and keep reverse sync to rotate, this hyperbolic axle arrangement arranged side by side also can allow on the bent axle parts such as equilibrium block complete equilibrium power piston about the vibration force that produces in service.

In order to cooperate the mode that is arranged in juxtaposition of master cylinder, countercylinder 1 with first mate's cylinder 2 and little secondary cylinder 10 is inverted the upper position that is located between two master cylinders 38, gas distribution piston 18 in the countercylinder is driven by the secondary crankshaft 23 that is located at upper position, first mate's cylinder 2 of arranging towards master cylinder is communicated with the master cylinder 38 of both sides through two work done suction valves 36 of left and right side respectively, and the suction valve 4 on first mate's cylinder is by cam 72 controls that are located between two master cylinders.Two power pistons 86 of state shown in Fig. 4 row arrive top dead center position, work done suction valve 36 on two master cylinders 38 is driven by rocking arm 69 and also will open, 18 of gas distribution pistons have carried out compression to a certain degree to the hotwork merit gas in first mate's cylinder 2, so that begin to carry out the expansion working process.

The control valve 12 of controlling little secondary cylinder cold aeration mouth 13 (among the figure shown in the double dot dash line) is located between the countercylinder of arranging in upright arrangement on the position, and the small crankshaft that is linked to each other with driven gear drives (not drawing among the figure), actuation gear engagement on driven gear and the side camshaft can be driven control valve.

In heat engine of the present invention shown in Figure 4, be two master cylinder air feed arranged side by side owing to adopt the countercylinder of an increasing, saved a cover countercylinder and corresponding valve mechanism.And adopt two master cylinders not only to reduce the frictional force that power piston produced, in the reality cylinder bore that strengthens master cylinder there is not too big restriction yet, so just, can make very big power to the heat engine of this structure type, allow cylinder bore surpass 100cm.Because of the heat engine thermal efficiency of the present invention very high, there are not a large amount of latent heat losses that vapor condensation produced in the common power plant yet, be fit to make powerful heat engine on this structure, can substitute efficient is lower in the power plant boiler, steam turbine power system fully, the dynamic host and the shop machine that also can be used as boats and ships use.

Fig. 5 provides is master cylinder and the first mate's cylinder general structure through heat insulation gas collecting tube heat engine of the present invention arranged apart, in the structural configuration of this type heat engine, because heated work done gas enters master cylinder again in first mate's cylinder behind heat insulation gas collecting tube, and the angle that does not require gas distribution piston and master cylinder medium power piston cooperatively interacts, general also need not be for gas distribution piston is provided with special crank linkage driving system, but increased a heat insulation gas collecting tube between master cylinder and the first mate's cylinder and an outlet valve on first mate's cylinder.This first mate's cylinder and master cylinder, can develop and how different structure types because can flexible arrangement through heat insulation gas collecting tube heat engine arranged apart.

In the given heat engine of Fig. 5, it comprises master cylinder 38 that work done suction valve 36 is housed and countercylinder 1 arranged apart, and power piston 86 is housed in master cylinder 38, and power piston links to each other with following bent axle 95 transmissions through connecting rod 93.Gas distribution piston 18 is housed in countercylinder 1, it is protruding that the piston rod 17 of gas distribution piston passes the cylinder cap of downside, countercylinder the first mate's cylinder 2 of upside and the little secondary cylinder 10 that has been taken partial volume by piston rod of downside have been divided into, be located at the top of master cylinder 38 because of the countercylinder 1 of this structure type heat engine, the top 85 that the piston rod of gas distribution piston just directly passes cylinder cap 59 and master cylinder medium power piston 86 is connected as one, and allows little secondary cylinder 10 and the shared cylinder cap 59 of master cylinder.

Be respectively equipped with suction valve 4 and outlet valve 5 on the cylinder cap 3 of first mate's cylinder 2, little secondary cylinder 10 is communicated with ventilation outlet 16 and ventilation import 15 respectively under the control of set control valve 12 by the cold aeration mouth 13 of downside.On the cylinder cap 59 of master cylinder 38 except that being provided with work done suction valve 36, also be provided with controlled outgassing nonreturn valve 45, master cylinder is connected with the inlet end of interstage cooler 112 through this one-way valve and outlet pipe 113, and the outlet side of interstage cooler is communicated with the ventilation import 15 of little secondary cylinder 10 through connecting pipeline 115.The ventilation of little secondary cylinder outlet 16 is led to the inlet end of heater 126 through connecting pipeline 127, and the outlet side of heater is communicated with master cylinder 38 through heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 and work done suction valve 36, forms a closed cycle loop.

In heat engine embodiment shown in Figure 5, heater 126 is positioned in high-temperature exhaust air (or discharge opeing) pipeline 132 that is connected with external heat source.In the reality, also can place heater in the solar heat collector that is focused, so that drive heat engine running of the present invention by solar energy.Among Fig. 5 on the master cylinder 38 set work done suction valve 36 and outgassing nonreturn valve 45 except that tilting to install, structurally identical with the work done suction valve and the outgassing nonreturn valve of heat engine illustrated in figures 1 and 2.Structure for amplifying of each valve is as shown in Figure 6 on the body of heat engine and its among Fig. 5, owing to adopted the structural type that allows gas distribution piston directly link to each other with power piston through piston rod, layout for ease of work done suction valve 36 and outgassing nonreturn valve 45, has adopted to upper conical recessed structure shape cylinder cap 59 bottom surfaces of master cylinder, and set outgassing nonreturn valve 45 is controlled by the cam on the camshaft 66 65 through lifting bar bar 47 and limit journey elastic force head part 53.Below the outgassing nonreturn valve 45 of the present embodiment, set up a boss 50, like this when need are closed outgassing nonreturn valve, after allowing this boss quick blocking live the valve port of giving vent to anger of master cylinder, just can allow cam 65 suitably slow down the seating velocity of outgassing nonreturn valve, to prevent that outgassing nonreturn valve is subjected to the excessive impact force of closing, prolong the working life of valve.The cold aeration mouth (shown in the double dot dash line) of little secondary cylinder 10 is by the communication of control valve 12 control realizations with ventilation import 15 or ventilation outlet 16, control valve is driven by small crankshaft 80 through small rod 82, and small crankshaft is driven by the gear on the camshaft 66 67 through the gear on it 84 again.The camshaft 70 that the work done suction valve 36 of master cylinder is established in addition through rocking arm 69 drives.

Set suction valve 4 and outlet valve 5 on the cylinder cap 3 for first mate's cylinder in the large-sized low-speed heat engine, can be made the one-way valve that need not control to these two valves, utilizes the opened by pressure valve of turnover air-flow.But in the higher heat engine of rotating speed, just should adopt the structure of by cam the inlet and outlet valve being controlled among Fig. 6, as seen from the figure, suction valve 4 is controlled by the cam on the camshaft 76 72 through rocking arm 73, outlet valve 5 is controlled by the cam on the camshaft 76 75 through the lifting push rod 77 at its back side, during hot compressed air in gas distribution piston 18 moves up, compresses first mate's cylinder, lifting push rod 77 can in time leave outlet valve 5, enters heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 so that allow hot compressed air can push outlet valve easily open.In Fig. 6, power piston 86 and the gas distribution piston 18 that links to each other are to have moved to the position of top dead center jointly.

Identical with the embodiment of heat engine among Fig. 1, on master cylinder 38 bottom dead center positions of Fig. 6 heat engine, also be respectively equipped with scavenging port 40 and relief opening 42, scavenging port 40 is connected through the outlet side of scavenging pipeline with scavenging pump 41, and row has also sheltered from scavenging port and relief opening to the skirt section of the power piston 86 of top dead center.

This master cylinder and first mate's cylinder comprise compression discharge, middle cooling, isobaric heat absorption and four working procedure of expansion working through heat insulation gas collecting tube heat engine work cycle process arranged apart as shown in Figure 7 among Fig. 5.

1. compression discharging process in this course, power piston 86 in the master cylinder 38 is from upwards operation of lower dead center, air in the compression master cylinder, when air is compressed to the air pressure that is higher than in the interstage cooler 112, pressurized air is just pushed outgassing nonreturn valve 45 (this moment lifting push rod 47 raise leave outgassing nonreturn valve) open and is entered interstage cooler 112 along arrow 114 directions, as Fig. 3 1. shown in the state.Power piston 86 row finish to the atdc compression discharging process, and outgassing nonreturn valve 45 is closed by lifting push rod 47.

2. after the cooling procedure pressurized air of being discharged by master cylinder enters interstage cooler 112 and flows through interstage cooler along arrow 116 directions in the middle of, because of its heat of compression is taken away by the cooling water of outside, make this part air become low-temp low-pressure pressurized air, allow the interior compression discharging process that is carried out of master cylinder near waiting temperature state.The reduction of compressed air temperature and pressure provides very big temperature difference for heater absorbs more heat, has also reduced the compression work consumption of power piston.The low temperature pressurized air that flows out interstage cooler enters the little secondary cylinder 10 of downside, cooling procedure in the middle of finishing when gas distribution piston 18 is up.

3. isobaric heat absorption process gas distribution piston 18 moves on to top dead center from lower dead center, allow the little secondary cylinder 10 of downside be full of beginning operation downwards behind the low temperature pressurized air, at this moment first mate's cylinder 2 is linked up through the suction valve 4 and the outlet side of heater 126, the control valve 12 of little secondary cylinder 10 after commutation linked up with the inlet end of heater, downward operation along with gas distribution piston 18, low temperature pressurized air in the little secondary cylinder just flows to heater 126 along arrow 128 directions, and by the high-temperature gas heating of the high temperature heat source of outside generation, the hot compressed air that has been heated fills into first mate's cylinder 2 along arrow 130 directions through suction valve 4, as figure 3. in shown in the state.Gas distribution piston moves on to after bottom dead center, and the isobaric heat absorption process finishes.

Above-mentioned figure 1., 2. in the cyclic process, when the power piston in the master cylinder is up when carrying out compression discharging process, the gas distribution piston 18 that links to each other also begins the hot compressed air that charges in first mate's cylinder 2 is compressed, when hot compressed air is compressed to its pressure and is higher than gas pressure in the heat insulation gas collecting tube 35, as Fig. 7 2. as shown in, gas distribution piston 18 is just compressed into the higher heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 of pressure to the hot compressed air in first mate's cylinder 2 through the outlet valve of opening 5 along arrow 141 directions, for expansion working has stored required work done hot compressed air.

4. the power piston 86 of expansion working process in master cylinder 38 finished the capable atdc that arrives of compression discharging process, work done suction valve 36 on the master cylinder is opened, heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 and master cylinder 38 are linked up, the work done hot compressed air that is stored in the heat insulation gas collecting tube just enters master cylinder through work done suction valve 36, and propulsion power piston 86 moves down work done.The certain distance back work done suction valve of descent of piston cuts out, and has entered work done air in the master cylinder and has continued promoting power piston and move work done downwards, and piston moves on to after bottom dead center, and the expansion working process finishes.

This master cylinder and first mate's cylinder are through heat insulation gas collecting tube second kind of structure type of heat engine arranged apart as shown in Figure 8, the master cylinder 38 of this heat engine is basic identical with the heat engine among top and Fig. 5, its countercylinder 1 also is located at the top of master cylinder 38, the piston rod 17 of gas distribution piston 18 in the countercylinder through passing cylinder cap 59 directly with master cylinder in the top of power piston 86 link to each other the little secondary cylinder 10 and master cylinder 38 shared cylinder caps 59 of countercylinder.Difference is, power piston 86 among Fig. 8 in the master cylinder 38 is made into double acting structure, make its downside and following cylinder cap 142 formed time master cylinder 38 ', power piston 86 is linked to each other with bent axle 95 transmissions in the crankcase by the crosshead 91 of the power piston bar 90 through passing down cylinder cap 142, outside and connecting rod 93.For allowing down master cylinder 38 ' possess capacity for work, work done suction valve 36 under being respectively equipped with on the following cylinder cap 142 of following master cylinder ' and following outgassing nonreturn valve 45 ', following master cylinder 38 ' warp down work done suction valve 36 ' also is communicated with set heat insulation gas collecting tube 35, also through outgassing nonreturn valve 45 down ' be communicated with the outlet pipe 113 that leads to interstage cooler 112.

Owing to utilize a countercylinder of upside to be master cylinder and following master cylinder air feed, saved a countercylinder and corresponding valve mechanism.In order to overcome the reciprocal inertia force that gas distribution piston 18, power piston 86 and crosshead 91 etc. are produced, also be provided with balance switch block 144 in the both sides of crankcase 143.

What Fig. 9 provided is the heat engine of the present invention of master cylinder and first mate's cylinder the third structure type arranged apart, in this heat engine, two cylinders mode arranged side by side was arranged about master cylinder 38 adopted, power piston 86 in every side master cylinder is made into double acting structure, make its downside and following cylinder cap 142 formed time master cylinder 38 ', every side power piston 86 is respectively through passing down the power piston bar 90 of cylinder cap 142, outside crosshead 91 and connecting rod 93 link to each other with bent axle 95 transmissions in the crankcase 143, and two bent axles keep the reverse sync rotations by the synchromesh gear 96 that is meshed on it.Be the suffered side pressure of balance crosshead, link to each other by the crossbeam 98 that is contained on the connecting pin 105 separately between the both sides crosshead 91.The set countercylinder with first mate's cylinder and little secondary cylinder 1 is in the upper position in the middle of two master cylinders 38, and the middle part of the crossbeam 98 between the piston rod 17 of the lengthening of gas distribution piston 18 through passing the bottom cylinder cap in the countercylinder and two crossheads 91 is connected.Master cylinder 38 under every side ' in following cylinder cap 142 on be respectively equipped with down work done suction valve 36 ' and following outgassing nonreturn valve 45 ', following master cylinder 38 ' warp down work done suction valve 36 ' also is communicated with set heat insulation gas collecting tube 35, also through outgassing nonreturn valve 45 down ' be communicated with the outlet pipe 113 that leads to interstage cooler 112.

In Fig. 9, the power piston 86 of both sides stop forward moves, gas in two master cylinders 38 is compressed, and the lifting push rod 47 above the outgassing nonreturn valve 45 also upwards is lifted away from, so that allow the gas that reaches compression pressure flow to interstage cooler 112 through outgassing nonreturn valve easily.And the following master cylinder 38 of two downsides ' what carry out is the expansion working process, but the following work done suction valve 36 that following master cylinder of control and heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 are linked up ' close.Here, the work done suction valve has adopted by piston 150 drives of hydraulic control and has opened and cut out up and down, to reduce to put in the height in the crankcase 143.In the reality, with the opening and closing that valve is advanced in the hydraulic control work done, also cooperate the power adjustments of external heat source realization to heat engine easily, the time lengthening of inlet open can increase the output of power, on the contrary power reduction.What the heat engine external heat source among Fig. 9 adopted is to use solid-fuelled combustion furnace 134, and the heat radiation air of discharging from the cooling air jacket 121 of middle cooler 123 has flowed to combustion furnace 134 participation burnings by the road, and the heat utilization ratio of heat engine is increased substantially.

Heat engine among Fig. 9 is two double-action master cylinder air feed with the countercylinder of an increasing, has not only saved the quantity and the corresponding valving of countercylinder, also makes the heat engine capacity for work of this structure reach maximization, and is easier of high-power development.Set crossbeam between two crossheads makes crosshead also exempt the effect of side pressure, and the structural configuration of this hyperbolic axle also allows the reciprocal inertia force of parts such as piston by complete equilibrium.

In above-mentioned Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 heat engine, because of power piston 86 is to link to each other with the crosshead and the crankshaft ﹠ connecting in the external world through the power piston bar, the air that is particularly conducive in the closed circulation system remains on clean state.Replenish the air ability of being leaked when shutting down voluntarily in order the time to allow the heat engine of this structure have in starting and running; corresponding inflation one-way valve (not drawing among the figure) can be set on cylinder cap 59 and following cylinder cap 142; so when needed, Wai Jie air just can charge into master cylinder through the inflation one-way valve.As not establishing the inflation one-way valve, also corresponding gas-filled pump can be set, when the air pressure in interstage cooler reduces, inflate with gas-filled pump.

Master cylinder and first mate's cylinder the 4th kind of structure type of heat engine arranged apart as shown in figure 10, two cylinders mode arranged side by side was arranged about the master cylinder 38 of this heat engine adopted, power piston 86 in every side master cylinder links to each other with following corresponding bent axle 95 by connecting rod 93 separately, and two bent axles keep reverse sync to rotate by the synchromesh gear 96 that is meshed on it.Link to each other by the crossbeam 98 that is contained on the wrist pin 89 separately between the both sides power piston 86, with the suffered side pressure of balance both sides power piston.The set countercylinder with first mate's cylinder and little secondary cylinder 1 is in the upper position in the middle of two master cylinders 38, the middle part of the crossbeam 98 between the piston rod 17 of the gas distribution piston 18 in the countercylinder through passing bottom cylinder cap 59 and two power pistons 86 is connected, allow the not only suffered side pressure of balanced power piston of crossbeam, also be used for driving set gas distribution piston.Power piston 86 among the figure and gas distribution piston 18 all are on the position of lower dead center, and scavenging port 40 and relief opening 42 set on two master cylinders 38 also expose, and the required air-flow of scavenging can feed from cylinder cap 59, and flows to scavenging port 40 along air vent 145.Little because of required swept volume, the height of scavenging port and relief opening is lower, and shared crank angle is also little, keeps higher capacity utilization thereby help master cylinder.

Similar with the side by side two master cylinder heat engines shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 9, this arranged side by side pair of master cylinder heat engine among Figure 10 also can be made very big power, allows the diameter of master cylinder surpass 100cm.Simultaneously, this double crankshaft connecting rod mechanism shown in the figure is on-stream, and its double vibrations power can allow heat engine turn round more stably fully by the equilibrium block balance on the bent axle.In above-mentioned Fig. 5, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and heat engine shown in Figure 10,, can be arranged to form of arranging in upright arrangement to master cylinder and countercylinder for making more powerful type.

Figure 11 provides is that master cylinder and countercylinder are arranged apart, each cylinder is around the general structure of the heat engine of the present invention of the ring-like arrangement of central shaft, the heat engine that this air cylinder annular is arranged comprises that its cylinder cap 59 is provided with the master cylinder 38 of ventilating hole 39 and divides the countercylinder 1 that is arranged, and each master cylinder and countercylinder are around central shaft 99 ring-like layouts.The ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder 38 is by rotary valve 101 control of central shaft 99 ends, is provided with the intake valve port 102 that can link up with ventilating hole 39 on rotary valve, also is provided with the exhaust valve port 103 (as shown in Figure 12) that can link up mutually with ventilating hole 39.Power piston 86 is housed in master cylinder 38, and this piston can link to each other with the bent axle or the balance transmission of power conversion mechanism through connecting rod 93.In the present embodiment, what power conversion mechanism adopted is bent axle and bevel gearing, power piston 86 is in transmission connection through connecting rod 93 and bent axle 95, clutch end at bent axle is provided with bevel gear 97, this gear is meshed with center bevel gear 146 on the output shaft 100, because of the bevel gear that sets in the present embodiment and the velocity ratio of center bevel gear are 2: 1, bent axle 95 slows down and drives output shafts 100 outside outputting powers.Because bent axle changes two all output shafts and just rotates a circle accordingly, on rotary valve 101, be provided with 180 ° two cover suction valve mouth 102 and the exhaust valve ports 103 of being separated by, the layout of each valve port (is not drawn diaphragm seal and Stamping Steel Ribbon on the rotary valve) as shown in Figure 12.

Countercylinder 1 is located at the top of master cylinder 38, gas distribution piston 18 is housed in countercylinder 1, it is protruding that the piston rod 17 of gas distribution piston passes the cylinder cap 59 of bottom, link to each other with the top of power piston 86 in the master cylinder 38, and formation first mate cylinder 2 and taken the little secondary cylinder 10 of partial volume by piston rod.Little secondary cylinder can be communicated with ventilation import 15 and ventilation outlet 16 respectively under the control of set control valve 12 by the cold aeration mouth 13 of downside, the ventilation import 15 of little secondary cylinder is communicated with through the outlet side of connecting pipeline 115 with interstage cooler 112, ventilation outlet 16 is communicated with through the inlet end of connecting pipeline 127 with heater 126, and the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder 2 through heat insulation pipeline 129 and control corresponding valve.To 2 employings of first mate's cylinder among Figure 11 is rise-fall type suction valve 4 and outlet valve 5, these two valves are installed on the cylinder cap 3 of first mate's cylinder, heat insulation pipeline 129 is communicated with first mate's cylinder through suction valve 4, and outlet valve 5 is communicated with the heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 that leads to rotary valve 101, and heat insulation gas collecting tube is the heat-insulating pipeline in rotary valve 35 ' the lead to intake valve port 102 on the rotary valve again.

Power piston 86 in master cylinder 38 is gone when top dead center begins work done as shown in Figure 11, intake valve port 102 on the rotary valve 101 is linked up master cylinder 38 and heat insulation gas collecting tube 35, the hotwork merit gas that allows first mate's cylinder enter in the heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 enters in the master cylinder 38, propulsion power piston 86 moves down work done, when the descending certain distance of power piston, after rotary valve also turns over certain work done corner, intake valve port 102 on the rotary valve also leaves the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder 38, stop to provide work done gas, the work done gas that has entered in the master cylinder continues propulsion power piston expansion working.

When power piston 86 finish the work done process leave lower dead center begin again up carry out compression discharging process after, when the gas in the master cylinder 38 is compressed to when identical with gas pressure in the interstage cooler 112, exhaust valve port 103 on the rotary valve 101 is linked up with the ventilating hole of master cylinder 39, allow power piston the gas in the master cylinder through exhaust valve port 103, air outlet flue 104 on the cylinder cap 59 and outlet pipe 113 rows are to interstage cooler 112, when power piston 86 row arrive top dead center, exhaust valve port 103 on the rotary valve 101 leaves the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder, and this state as shown in figure 12.Also turn over the ventilating hole (shown in the double dot dash line 39) of master cylinder at the exhaust valve port on the rotary valve 103 after, the intake valve port 102 on it also will be linked up with ventilating hole 39, to carry out ensuing expansion working process.For preventing that the work done gas in the intake valve port 102 from leaking to exhaust valve port 103 through ventilating hole 39, as shown in FIG., the angle of being separated by between intake valve port and the exhaust valve port is slightly larger than the shared angle of ventilating hole.In this heat engine with two cover suction valve mouths 102, two power piston 86 works done simultaneously in the master cylinder are arranged at every turn.Drive in the driving mechanism of output shaft 100 in this employing bent axle 95 decelerations, the most suitable around central shaft 99 layout six master cylinders 38 (shown in double dot dash line among Figure 12).

Mode of heating for heater 126 in Figure 11 heat engine is selected, identical with above-mentioned each heat engine that has provided, can utilize high-temperature technology waste gas in solar energy and the factory as external heat source, can adopt the combustion furnace that uses fuel such as solid again as external heat source.As long as heater 126 is placed in the high-temperature exhaust pipe 132 of respective external thermal source.In the heat engine of Figure 11, on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, also be provided with scavenging port 40 and relief opening 42, and allow scavenging port be connected with the outlet side of scavenging pump.

The heat engine that Figure 13 provides improves on the heat engine basis in Figure 11, and in this improved heat engine, first mate's cylinder 2 was controlled with being communicated with by set outer rotary valve 28 of heater 126 or heat insulation gas collecting tube 35.Outer rotary valve 28 links to each other with rotary valve 101 on the inboard central shaft 99 by connecting bushing 29, outer rotary valve has the interior edge face 30 that can shelter from the hot ventilating hole 6 of first mate's cylinder, this end face is provided with suction port 31 and the air outlet of can be respectively linking up with hot ventilating hole 34, as shown in figure 15.Suction port 31 is because of all opening in the moving process of lower dead center at gas distribution piston, angle shared on residing interior edge face is also very big, formed a semiorbicular vent slot 32, this groove is connected with the heat insulation pipeline 129 that is connected from heater 126 outlet sides through the heat insulation path 33 in the outer rotary valve.Gas distribution piston 18 in first mate's cylinder from top dead center to the lower dead center moving process, be in the communication state with the suction port 31 of outer rotary valve 28 rotations and the hot ventilating hole 6 of first mate's cylinder, gas distribution piston moves on to after bottom dead center, suction port also turns over the hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder, Figure 15 China and foreign countries rotary valve is just being pressed direction shown in the arrow 151 and is being rotated, its suction port 31 has just turned over the hot ventilating hole 6 of lower position and has been in the communication state with the hot ventilating hole shown in the double dot dash line of left side, and will link up with the hot ventilating hole 6 of upper side position.

Directly interior with being located at rotary valve and the connecting bushing heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 in air outlet 34 on the outer rotary valve 28 is communicated with, gas distribution piston 18 in first mate's cylinder 2 from lower dead center to the top dead center moving process, when the gas pressure in first mate's cylinder is identical with gas pressure in the heat insulation gas collecting tube 35, also link up with the air outlet 34 that valve rotates with the hot ventilating hole 6 of first mate's cylinder, gas distribution piston is capable of atdc, and air outlet 34 turns over hot ventilating hole 6.Air outlet 34 on Figure 15 China and foreign countries rotary valve 28 has just turned over the hot ventilating hole 6 of upper side position.For preventing pressure bigger air outlet 34 to suction port 31 gas leakage, the interval angle between two gas ports is slightly larger than hot ventilating hole 6 shared angles.

In the heat engine of Figure 13, output shaft 100 is 1: 1 with the velocity ratio of bent axle 95, and both rotating speeds are identical, and therefore a cover suction valve mouth 102 and an outlet valve 103 only be set on the rotary valve 101 of control master cylinder 38.Intake valve port and exhaust valve port are in the layout of rotary valve end face as shown in figure 14, exhaust valve port 103 among the figure has just turned over the upside ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder, the power piston 86 good positions of arriving top dead center in the corresponding upside master cylinder are to carry out ensuing expansion working process.Equally, because of output shaft is identical with speed of crankshaft, also only established a cover suction port 31 and an air outlet 34 outside on the rotary valve 28.

Master cylinder among Figure 13 and the countercylinder at its top have adopted awl to open setting type, and the hot ventilating hole 6 of first mate's cylinder 2 can be on the position of small radii on the cylinder cap 3 so that allow, and the diameter of outer rotary valve 28 is reduced.As still adopt with Figure 11 in identical arrangement, hot ventilating hole 6 on the cylinder cap 3 just should radially be arranged, allow the outer peripheral surface of the outside rotary valve 28 of its opening surface, suction port and air outlet on the corresponding outer rotary valve also are located on the outer peripheral surface, so that the diameter of outer rotary valve is unlikely excessive.

After the heat engine master cylinder of the heat engine master cylinder of Figure 11 and Figure 13 and first mate's cylinder have adopted the rotary valve structure, can realize allowing the suffered resistance of the air-flow that passes through littler, structurally also simply a lot of than rise-fall type air valve.But because the shared angle of valve port on the rotary valve all is changeless, therefore adopt the heat engine of rotary valve structure to be fit to remain on stable power output state, when output power changed greatly, corresponding valve port can depart from best angle state.

Figure 16 provides is master cylinder and countercylinder around the ring-like layout of central axis and forms the general structure of the heat engine of the present invention of rotary cylinder-block, this heat engine comprises that its cylinder cap is provided with the master cylinder 38 of ventilating hole 39 and divides the countercylinder 1 that is arranged, each master cylinder 38 and countercylinder 1 all adopt the mode around central axis 152 ring-like layouts, and form corresponding rotary cylinder-block.In this rotatable master cylinder 38, power piston 86 is housed, power piston can by connecting rod or piston rod and the turnover swash plate of power conversion mechanism or fixedly swash plate link to each other, adopted turnover swash plate 148 to carry out power output in Figure 16, power piston 86 links to each other with the transmission of turnover swash plate through connecting rod 94.In rotatable countercylinder 1, gas distribution piston 18 is housed, cylinder cap bottom its piston rod 17 passes is protruding, form first mate's cylinder and taken the little secondary cylinder 10 of partial volume by piston rod, in Figure 16, gas distribution piston 18 links to each other with 25 transmissions of turnover swash plate through piston rod 17, crosshead 19 and connecting rod 22.

Owing to can utilize rotary cylinder and fixing valve disc formation rotary valve structure, on the valve disc 108 of set casing 157 sides, be provided with work done suction port 109 and the compression exhaust mouth 110 (position of compression exhaust mouth is referring to Figure 17) that to connect respectively with the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder 38, on corresponding little valve disc 111, be provided with suction port 31 and the air outlet 34 that can connect respectively with the hot ventilating hole 6 of first mate's cylinder 2, the cold aeration mouth 13 of little secondary cylinder 10 can be respectively be located at central fixed shaft 14 on ventilation import 15 and ventilation outlet 16 be communicated with.In the circulatory system of this heat engine is arranged, be communicated with through the outlet side of connecting pipeline 115 with the ventilation import 15 on the corresponding central fixed shaft 14 of little secondary cylinder with interstage cooler 112, ventilation outlet 16 is communicated with through the inlet end of connecting pipeline 127 with heater 126, and the outlet side of heater is communicated with suction port 31 on the little valve disc 111 through heat insulation pipeline 129.The work done suction port 109 of air outlet 34 on the little valve disc on heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 and the valve disc 108 that can link up mutually with master cylinder is communicated with, as shown in Figure 17, the compression exhaust mouth 110 on the valve disc 108 is connected through the inlet end of outlet pipe 113 with interstage cooler 112.When master cylinder 38 rotation, power piston 86 row (state shown in Figure 16) when top dead center begins work done in it, the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder is linked up with the work done suction port 109 on the valve disc 108, allow the valve port of work done gas through opening that is stored in the heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 of discharging from first mate's cylinder 2 enter master cylinder, propulsion power piston 86 moves work done to lower dead center.The ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder is turning over work done suction port 109 through after certain work done angle, the work done gas continuation propulsion power piston that has entered in the master cylinder moves to lower dead center, make the turnover swash plate 148 and master cylinder 38 co-rotation that link to each other by bevel gear 149, and drive output shaft 100 outside outputting powers by the turnover swash plate.Finishing the work done process when power piston 86 leaves lower dead center, up gas in the master cylinder 38 is compressed, gas in master cylinder is compressed to when identical with gas pressure in the interstage cooler 112, the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder also forward to valve disc 108 on compression exhaust mouth 110 communicating position mutually, by power piston the pressurized air in the master cylinder is arranged into interstage cooler, power piston is capable of atdc, and the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder turns over the compression exhaust mouth.

In Figure 16 embodiment, the rotation of countercylinder 1 is to be output axle 100 through turnover swash plate 25, transmission shaft 26 and the driven wheel of differential on it 27 to drive.When countercylinder rotates, little secondary cylinder 10 on it has received the low temperature pressurized air from interstage cooler 112, and in rotation, pressurized air is arranged into heater 126 and heated by external heat source, compressed into heat insulation gas collecting tube 35 by first mate's cylinder 2 again from the hot compressed air that heater flows out, the work done gas that formation temperature and pressure further improve, so that forward to and work done suction port 109 mutually during communicating position at the ventilating hole 39 of master cylinder, enter master cylinder and carry out the expansion working process.

In the heat engine of this cylinder body rotation, in order to realize semienclosed circulation, corresponding power piston is in the position of lower dead center on valve disc 108, is provided with the scavenging port 40 that can link up mutually with master cylinder ventilating hole 39, and this scavenging port is connected with scavenging pump 41 through the scavenging pipeline.On the bottom dead center position of master cylinder 38, establish relief opening 42, this relief opening can be communicated with the exhaust outlet 154 that set same scavenging port on the valve disc 108 is in the equal angular position through the connecting pipeline 43 of cylinder body periphery, and the position of set scavenging port 40 and exhaust outlet 154 as shown in figure 17 on valve disc.For the heat that utilizes interstage cooler 112 and exhaust outlet 154 to be discharged, the air that contains certain heat of being discharged from the cooling air jacket 121 and the exhaust outlet 154 of middle cooler periphery has been drawn towards the air supply opening of combustion furnace 134, so that the combustion temperature of combustion gas allows the heater 126 that places high-temperature exhaust pipe 132 increase the heat that is absorbed in the raising combustion furnace.

What Figure 18 provided is ring-like layout of master cylinder and countercylinder and the general structure that forms the another kind of heat engine of the present invention of rotary cylinder-block, in the heat engine of this structure, adopted the fixedly swash plate 107 that is installed on the central fixed shaft 106 to be used as power conversion mechanism.Set master cylinder 38 is in a fixedly side of swash plate 107, power piston 86 in the master cylinder links to each other with crosshead 91 on being enclosed within fixing swash plate through power piston bar 90, and crosshead links to each other with fixedly swash plate 107 transmissions in the middle of being sandwiched in through two semicircle slide blocks 92 respectively again.Countercylinder 1 is located at the fixedly opposite side of swash plate 107, and countercylinder is connected as a single entity by intermediate case 153 and master cylinder 38, and the gas distribution piston 18 in the countercylinder is connected through the opposite side of piston rod 17 with crosshead 91.For preventing that being used for the lubricated fixedly lubricating oil of swash plate enters master cylinder, be provided with the block lid 155 that can allow power piston bar 90 pass in master cylinder bottom, formed bottom space 156 can be communicated with by the intercommunication pipe 158 between being connected bottom each master cylinder between each master cylinder 38 medium power piston and the block lid.This rotatable master cylinder cylinder body and output shaft 100 are fixedly linked, and carry out power output by output shaft.

More than describe different types of structure and its working principle of cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine among the present invention in detail, because heat engine of the present invention can utilize multiple different external heat source to heat by heater and obtain the work done energy, this provides effective way for the contained heat of fully recycling in the factory and enterprise of middle and high temperature waste gas, simultaneously, because of heat engine of the present invention by solid fuels such as multiple different living beings of combustion furnace burning and coal are set, thereby can be widely used in fields such as boats and ships, generating and farm machinery.

Compare with ordinary internal combustion engine, fully adjusting the heating load of the good external heat source of balance and cylinder is being adopted sufficient heat insulation After the measure, but make thermomotor of the present invention basically avoid heat radiation and discharge loss, like this, although thermomotor of the present invention is A kind of external-combustion engine, but because its heat radiation and discharge loss are very little, on the thermal efficiency, still can surpass significantly ordinary internal combustion engine. Yin Ben The thermomotor of invention is to turn round in two stroke modes, although increased the required materials such as heat exchange pipe fitting of heater for obtaining the work done heat Material, but the number of cylinders that two strokes reduce can be offset the heater of setting up fully, thus can allow thermomotor of the present invention at volume On can not increase than quartastroke engine a lot.

Compare with middle cold backheating internal-combustion engines, although the maximum temperature of thermomotor working medium of the present invention is not as internal combustion mode height, with combustion When burning stove as external heat source, because entering combustion furnace, the heat radiation air that can allow intercooler discharge participates in burning, corresponding recovery The heat that distributes of intercooler, this make thermomotor of the present invention with the work of external combustion mode on the thermal efficiency not can than in cold time Hot internal combustion engine is much lower.

Compare with the external combustion steam power system that steam boiler and steam turbine (or steam-cylinder piston) form, thermomotor of the present invention by The exhaust steam after the work done becomes the condensation loss that water produces because carrying out condensation in the steam power system in not existing, and this makes of the present invention Thermomotor becomes a kind of brand-new external combustion power set that are greatly improved at the thermal efficiency. Even if with present Stirling hot gas Machine is compared, because the heater in the thermomotor of the present invention can carry out more favourable under isobaric condition with the high temperature gas flow of external heat source The countercurrent flow process allows heater that the contained heat of outside high temperature gas flow is exhausted substantially, and this makes thermomotor efficient of the present invention meeting Obviously surpass the Stirling thermomotor. In addition, because the highest circulating pressure of thermomotor of the present invention is significantly less than the Stirling thermomotor, Adopt semiclosed circulation time also not high to the requirement of sealing, this also allows easier the production in practice of thermomotor of the present invention promote.

In the invention described above, in the cold isobaric heating hot mechanism of qi, the thermomotor that is fit to make single cylinder or multi-cylinder array is namely arranged, also The air cylinder annular layout is arranged and allow master cylinder adopt the thermomotor of rotary valve structure. Allow in addition the cylinder that is circular layout be rotated, also All adopt the thermomotor of rotary valve structure. Abundant structure type, very high thermal efficiency of cycle is added and can be made by combustion furnace With solid fuel with carry out the low pollution emission characteristic that the external combustion continuous burning has, this will make thermomotor of the present invention reduce by two Carbon oxide gas discharging and oil-fired alternative aspect have been given play to due effect.

Claims (15)

1, cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in a kind of, it comprises the master cylinder (38) that work done suction valve (36) are housed and is arranged in the other countercylinder (1) of master cylinder side, power piston (86) in the master cylinder (38) links to each other with bent axle (95) through connecting rod (93), the piston rod (17) of gas distribution piston (18) in the countercylinder (1) through passing the bottom cylinder cap has been divided into the first mate's cylinder (2) of upside and the little secondary cylinder (10) that has been taken partial volume by piston rod of downside to countercylinder, gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) through piston rod (17) with after the crosshead (19) in the outside links to each other, link to each other with bent axle (95) transmission through corresponding driving mechanism, gas distribution piston (18) postpones certain angle than power piston (86) and arrives top dead center again; First mate's cylinder (2) in the countercylinder is communicated with master cylinder (38) through work done suction valve (36), on first mate's cylinder, also be provided with suction valve (4), little secondary cylinder (10) is communicated with ventilation outlet (16) and ventilation import (15) respectively under the control of set control valve (12) through the cold aeration mouth (13) of downside, the ventilation outlet (16) of little secondary cylinder is communicated with heater (126) inlet end through connecting pipeline (127), the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder (2) through heat insulation pipeline (129) and suction valve (4), the ventilation import (15) of little secondary cylinder is communicated with through the outlet side of connecting pipeline (115) with interstage cooler (112), it is characterized in that: heater (126) places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line (132) that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused; Be provided with controlled outgassing nonreturn valve (45) on the cylinder cap (59) of master cylinder (38), master cylinder is connected by the inlet end of outlet pipe (113) with interstage cooler (112) behind this one-way valve; Outgassing nonreturn valve (45) utilizes the valve rod (46) at its back side to be loaded in the hole of lifting push rod (47), the lifting push rod is contained in the slide opening on the cylinder cap (59), and through seal ring and slide opening inwall maintenance sealing, be provided with block seat (48) on the top of lifting push rod (47), the spring (52) that allows the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve (45) is housed between this block seat and cylinder cap; Limit journey elastic force head part (53) in the sliding sleeve (60) of set cam (65) on being located at cylinder cap is pressed on the block seat (48) of lifting push rod, limit journey elastic force head part (53) comprises that two ends are provided with the pull bar (58) of seat ring (54) and retaining head (55) and the back-up ring (56) that cover is stoped by the retaining head thereon, between seat ring (54) and back-up ring (56) big elastic spring (57) is housed, limit journey elastic force head part (53) is pressed on the block seat (48) of lifting push rod with the back-up ring (56) of downside; The retaining head that is exposed at the back-up ring downside can be stretched in the pit (49) that has respective depth on block seat (48); Carry out in the work done process at master cylinder (38), cam (65) is closed through limit journey elastic force head part (53) and lifting push rod (47) control outgassing nonreturn valve (45), and the lifting push rod is pressed on the outgassing nonreturn valve; When master cylinder will carry out exhaust, cam (65) turned over limit journey elastic force head part (53), and spring (52) makes lifting push rod (47) leave outgassing nonreturn valve (45); On the bottom dead center position of master cylinder (38), be respectively equipped with scavenging port (40) and relief opening (42), scavenging port (40) is connected through the outlet side of scavenging pipeline with scavenging pump (41), when power piston (86) row arrived top dead center, the skirt section of its downside can shelter from set scavenging port and relief opening; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace (134) of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air of the cooling air jacket (121) that interstage cooler (112) periphery is set goes out (122) lead to combustion furnace through air pipeline (123) air feed (137).

2, heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: mode arranged side by side was arranged about master cylinder (38) adopted, power piston (86) in every side master cylinder links to each other by the crossbeam (98) that is contained on the wrist pin (89) separately, about two bent axles (95) go up intermeshing synchromesh gear (96) by it and keep the reverse sync rotation; The countercylinder (1) of the described first mate's of having cylinder (2) and little secondary cylinder (10) is inverted the upper position that is located between two master cylinders (38), gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) is driven by the secondary crankshaft that is located at upper position (23), arrange that towards master cylinder first mate's cylinder (2) is communicated with the master cylinder (38) of both sides through two work done suction valves (36) of left and right side respectively, the suction valve on first mate's cylinder (4) is by cam (72) control that is located between two master cylinders; The control valve (12) of controlling little secondary cylinder cold aeration mouth (13) is located between the countercylinder of arranging in upright arrangement on the position, and the small crankshaft that is linked to each other with driven gear drives, and the actuation gear on driven gear and the side camshaft meshes.

3, heat engine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: when adopting combustion furnace (134) heat supply, master cylinder (38) is gone up set relief opening (42) leads to combustion furnace (134) through gas exhaust piping (125) air supply opening (137); Perhaps allow the outlet end of gas exhaust piping (125) put in the formed ejection cavity of air pipeline (123) (124) as air ejection spout (44).

4, cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in a kind of, it comprises master cylinder (38) that work done suction valve (36) are housed and countercylinder (1) arranged apart, power piston (86) is housed in master cylinder (38), gas distribution piston (18) is housed in countercylinder (1), it is protruding that the piston rod of gas distribution piston (17) passes the cylinder cap of downside, countercylinder is divided into first mate's cylinder (2) and taken the little secondary cylinder (10) of partial volume by piston rod, on the cylinder cap (3) of first mate's cylinder, be respectively equipped with suction valve (4) and outlet valve (5), little secondary cylinder (10) is communicated with ventilation outlet (16) and ventilation import (15) respectively under the control of set control valve (12) by the cold aeration mouth (13) of downside, the ventilation import (15) of little secondary cylinder is communicated with through the outlet side of connecting pipeline (115) with interstage cooler (112), ventilation outlet (16) is communicated with through the inlet end of connecting pipeline (127) with heater (126), the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder (2) through heat insulation pipeline (129) and suction valve (4), it is characterized in that: heater (126) places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line (132) that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused; First mate's cylinder (2) is communicated with master cylinder (38) through gas outlet valve (5), heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) and work done suction valve (36); Be provided with controlled outgassing nonreturn valve (45) on the cylinder cap (59) of master cylinder (38), master cylinder is connected by the inlet end of outlet pipe (113) with interstage cooler (112) behind this one-way valve; Outgassing nonreturn valve (45) utilizes the valve rod (46) at its back side to be loaded in the hole of lifting push rod (47), the lifting push rod is contained in the slide opening on the cylinder cap (59), and through seal ring and slide opening inwall maintenance sealing, be provided with block seat (48) on the top of lifting push rod (47), the spring (52) that allows the lifting push rod leave outgassing nonreturn valve (45) is housed between this block seat and cylinder cap; Limit journey elastic force head part (53) in the sliding sleeve (60) of set cam (65) on being located at cylinder cap is pressed on the block seat (48) of lifting push rod, limit journey elastic force head part (53) comprises that two ends are provided with the pull bar (58) of seat ring (54) and retaining head (55) and the back-up ring (56) that cover is stoped by the retaining head thereon, between seat ring (54) and back-up ring (56), big elastic spring (57) is housed, limit journey elastic force head part (53) is pressed on the block seat (48) of lifting push rod with the back-up ring (56) of downside, and the retaining head that is exposed at the back-up ring downside can be stretched in the pit (49) that has respective depth on block seat (48); Carry out in the work done process at master cylinder (38), cam (65) is closed through limit journey elastic force head part (53) and lifting push rod (47) control outgassing nonreturn valve (45), and the lifting push rod is pressed on the outgassing nonreturn valve; When master cylinder will carry out exhaust, cam (65) turned over limit journey elastic force head part (53), and spring (52) makes lifting push rod (47) leave outgassing nonreturn valve (45); Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace (134) of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air of the cooling air jacket (121) that interstage cooler (112) periphery is set goes out (122) lead to combustion furnace through air pipeline (123) air feed (137).

5, heat engine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: countercylinder (1) is located at the top of master cylinder (38), the piston rod (17) of gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) through passing cylinder cap (59) directly links to each other with the top of master cylinder medium power piston (86), the little secondary cylinder (10) of countercylinder and the shared cylinder cap of master cylinder (59), the power piston in the master cylinder (86) links to each other with following bent axle (95) through connecting rod (93).

6, heat engine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: countercylinder (1) is located at the top of master cylinder (38), the piston rod (17) of gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) through passing cylinder cap (59) directly links to each other with the top of master cylinder medium power piston (86), the little secondary cylinder (10) of countercylinder and the shared cylinder cap of master cylinder (59); Power piston (86) in the master cylinder (38) is made into double acting structure, make its downside and following cylinder cap (142) form master cylinder (38 ') down, the crosshead (91) of the power piston bar (90) of power piston through passing down cylinder cap (142), outside and connecting rod (93) link to each other with bent axle (95) in the crankcase; On the following cylinder cap (142) of following master cylinder (38 '), be respectively equipped with work done suction valve (36 ') and following outgassing nonreturn valve (45 ') down, following master cylinder (38 ') also is communicated with set heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) through following work done suction valve (36 '), also through under outgassing nonreturn valve (45 ') be communicated with the outlet pipe that leads to interstage cooler (112) (113).

7, heat engine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: two cylinders mode arranged side by side was arranged about master cylinder (38) adopted, power piston (86) in every side master cylinder is made into double acting structure, make its downside and following cylinder cap (142) form master cylinder (38 ') down, every side power piston (86) is respectively through passing down the power piston bar (90) of cylinder cap, crosshead (91) and connecting rod (93) link to each other with bent axle (95) in the crankcase, two bent axles keep reverse sync to rotate by the synchromesh gear (96) that is meshed on it, link to each other by the crossbeam (98) that is contained on the connecting pin (105) separately between the both sides crosshead (91); The set countercylinder with first mate's cylinder and little secondary cylinder (1) is in the upper position in the middle of two master cylinders (38), and the middle part of the crossbeam (98) between the piston rod (17) of the lengthening of the gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) through passing the bottom cylinder cap and two crossheads (91) is connected; On the following cylinder cap (142) of master cylinder (38 ') under every side, be respectively equipped with work done suction valve (36 ') and following outgassing nonreturn valve (45 ') down, following master cylinder (38) also is communicated with set heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) through following work done suction valve (36 '), also through under outgassing nonreturn valve (45 ') be communicated with the outlet pipe that leads to interstage cooler (112) (113).

8, heat engine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: two cylinders mode arranged side by side was arranged about master cylinder (38) adopted, power piston (86) in every side master cylinder links to each other with following corresponding bent axle (95) by connecting rod separately, two bent axles keep reverse sync to rotate by the synchromesh gear (96) that is meshed on it, link to each other by the crossbeam (98) that is contained on the wrist pin (89) separately between the both sides power piston (86); The set countercylinder with first mate's cylinder and little secondary cylinder (1) is in the upper position in the middle of the master cylinder (38), and the middle part of the crossbeam (98) between the piston rod (17) of the gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) through passing the bottom cylinder cap and two power pistons is connected.

9, according to claim 5 or 8 described heat engines, it is characterized in that: on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder (38), be respectively equipped with scavenging port (40) and relief opening (42), scavenging port (40) is connected through the outlet side of scavenging pipeline with scavenging pump (41), when power piston (86) row arrived top dead center, the skirt section of its downside can shelter from set scavenging port and relief opening.

10, a kind of middle cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine, it comprises that its cylinder cap is provided with the master cylinder of ventilating hole (39) (38) and divides the countercylinder (1) that is arranged, each master cylinder and countercylinder are around the ring-like layout of central shaft (99), the ventilating hole (39) of master cylinder (38) is by rotary valve (101) control of central shaft (99) end, on rotary valve, be provided with the intake valve port (102) that to link up with ventilating hole (39), power piston (86) is housed in master cylinder (38), and power piston links to each other with the balance or the bent axle of power conversion mechanism through connecting rod (93); Gas distribution piston (18) is housed in countercylinder (1), cylinder cap bottom the piston rod of gas distribution piston (17) passes is protruding, form first mate's cylinder (2) and taken the little secondary cylinder (10) of partial volume by piston rod, the little secondary cylinder (10) of countercylinder is communicated with ventilation import (15) and ventilation outlet (16) respectively under set control valve (12) control by the cold aeration mouth (13) of downside, the ventilation import (15) of little secondary cylinder is communicated with through the outlet side of connecting pipeline (115) with interstage cooler (112), ventilation outlet (16) is communicated with through the inlet end of connecting pipeline (127) with heater (126), the outlet side of heater is communicated with first mate's cylinder (2) through heat insulation pipeline (129) and control corresponding valve, it is characterized in that: each countercylinder (1) of ring-like layout is located at the top of the master cylinder (38) of corresponding each ring-like layout respectively, the piston rod (17) of gas distribution piston (18) in the countercylinder (1) through passing cylinder cap (59) links to each other with the top of master cylinder (38) medium power piston (86), heater (126) places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line (132) that is connected with external heat source, perhaps places the solar heat collector that is focused; The intake valve port (102) of first mate's cylinder (2) on the rotary valve (101) of control corresponding valve and heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) and central shaft end is connected, also be provided with the exhaust valve port (103) that can link up mutually with the ventilating hole (39) of master cylinder on rotary valve (101), air outlet flue (104) and the outlet pipe (113) of this valve port on cylinder cap (59) is connected with the inlet end of interstage cooler (112); Power piston in master cylinder (86) is gone when top dead center begins work done, and the intake valve port (102) on the rotary valve (101) is linked up master cylinder (38) and heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) and close after turning over certain work done corner; Power piston (86) leave lower dead center, up the gas compression in the master cylinder (38) when identical with gas pressure in the interstage cooler, exhaust valve port (103) on the rotary valve (101) is communicated with master cylinder (38) with the air outlet flue that leads to interstage cooler (126) (104), and closes during to top dead center in that power piston is capable; On the bottom dead center position of master cylinder (38), be respectively equipped with scavenging port (40) and relief opening (42), scavenging port is connected with the outlet side of scavenging pump through the scavenging pipeline, when power piston (86) row arrived top dead center, the skirt section of its downside can shelter from set scavenging port and relief opening; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace (134) of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air outlet slit (122) of the cooling air jacket (121) that interstage cooler (112) periphery is set leads to the air supply opening (137) of combustion furnace through air pipeline (123).

11, heat engine according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: first mate's cylinder (2) is gone up set suction valve (4) through its cylinder cap (3) and is communicated with the outlet side of heater (126), and also set outlet valve (5) is communicated with the heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) that leads to rotary valve (101) on cylinder cap.

12, heat engine according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: the hot ventilating hole (6) of first mate's cylinder (2) on cylinder cap (3) is by set outer rotary valve (28) control, realization is communicated with heater (126) or heat insulation gas collecting tube (35), described outer rotary valve (28) links to each other with rotary valve (101) on the inboard central shaft (99) by connecting bushing (29), outer rotary valve has the interior edge face or the outer peripheral surface that can shelter from the hot ventilating hole of first mate's cylinder (6), which is provided with suction port (31) and air outlet (34) can be respectively linked up with hot ventilating hole (6); Suction port (31) on the outer rotary valve (28) forms a semiorbicular vent slot (32) on residing valve face, this groove is connected with the heat insulation pipeline (129) that is connected from heater (126) outlet side through the heat insulation path (33) in the outer rotary valve, gas distribution piston in first mate's cylinder (18) from top dead center to the lower dead center moving process, be in the communication state with the suction port (31) of valve rotation and the hot ventilating hole (6) of first mate's cylinder, gas distribution piston moves on to after bottom dead center, and suction port turns over hot ventilating hole (6); Directly interior with being located at rotary valve and the connecting bushing heat insulation gas collecting tube (35) in air outlet on the outer rotary valve (34) is communicated with, gas distribution piston in the first mate (18) is shifted to the top dead center process from lower dead center, when the gas pressure in first mate's cylinder is identical with gas pressure in the heat insulation gas collecting tube (35), link up with the hot ventilating hole (6) of first mate's cylinder with the air outlet (34) that valve rotates, gas distribution piston is capable of atdc, and air outlet (34) turn over hot ventilating hole (6).

13, cooling isobaric heat sucking type heat engine in a kind of, it comprises that its cylinder cap is provided with the master cylinder of ventilating hole (39) (38) and divides the countercylinder (1) that is arranged, each master cylinder (38) and countercylinder (1) all adopt the mode around the ring-like layout of central axis (152), and formation rotary cylinder-block, power piston (86) is housed in master cylinder, power piston by connecting rod or piston rod and the turnover swash plate of power conversion mechanism or fixedly swash plate link to each other, gas distribution piston (18) is housed in countercylinder, it is protruding that the piston rod of gas distribution piston (17) passes the bottom cylinder cap, form first mate's cylinder (2) and taken the little secondary cylinder (10) of partial volume by piston rod, gas distribution piston through piston rod (17) and the turnover swash plate of outside or fixedly swash plate link to each other; When master cylinder (38) rotates, ventilating hole on it (39) can be gone up set work done suction port (109) with the valve disc (108) of set casing and be communicated with, countercylinder when rotated, hot ventilating hole (6) of first mate's cylinder (2) can be communicated with the little valve disc (111) of set casing last set suction port (31) and air outlet (34) respectively on it, the cold aeration mouth (13) of little secondary cylinder (10) can be respectively be located at central fixed shaft (106) on ventilation import (15) and ventilation outlet (16) be communicated with, be communicated with through the outlet side of connecting pipeline (115) with the ventilation import (15) on the corresponding central fixed shaft of little secondary cylinder with interstage cooler (112), ventilation outlet (16) is communicated with through the inlet end of connecting pipeline (127) with heater (126), the outlet side of heater is communicated with suction port (31) on the little valve disc (111) through heat insulation pipeline (129), it is characterized in that: heater (126) places in the high-temperature exhaust air or drain line (132) that communicates with external heat source, perhaps places by the solar heat collector of optically focused; Air outlet (34) on the little valve disc (111) that can link up mutually with first mate's cylinder is communicated with work done suction port (109) on the valve disc (108) that can link up mutually with master cylinder through heat insulation gas collecting tube (35), also be provided with the compression exhaust mouth (110) that can link up mutually with master cylinder ventilating hole (39) on valve disc (108), this gas port is connected through the inlet end of outlet pipe (113) with interstage cooler (112); When master cylinder rotation, power piston (86) row in it when top dead center begins work done, the ventilating hole of master cylinder (39) is linked up with the work done suction port (109) on the valve disc (108), and is turning over the work done suction port after the certain work done angle of process; Leave lower dead center at power piston (86), up the gas compression in the master cylinder (38) when identical with gas pressure in the interstage cooler, compression exhaust mouth (110) on the ventilating hole of master cylinder (39) and the valve disc is linked up, and closes to atdc in that power piston is capable; Externally thermal source adopts in the time of can using the combustion furnace (134) of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel, and the heat radiation air outlet slit (122) of the cooling air jacket (121) that interstage cooler (112) periphery is set leads to the air supply opening (137) of combustion furnace through air pipeline (123).

14, heat engine according to claim 13, it is characterized in that: go up the position that corresponding power piston (86) is in lower dead center at valve disc (108), be provided with the scavenging port (40) that can link up mutually with master cylinder ventilating hole (39), this scavenging port is connected with scavenging pump through the scavenging pipeline; Be provided with relief opening (42) on the bottom dead center position of master cylinder, this relief opening is gone up the exhaust outlet (154) that set and scavenging port (40) be in the equal angular position through the connecting pipe (43) of cylinder body periphery and valve disc (108) and is communicated with.

15, according to claim 13 or 14 described heat engines, it is characterized in that: master cylinder (38) is located at a fixedly side of swash plate (107), power piston wherein (86) links to each other with crosshead (91) through power piston bar (90), and crosshead two the semicircle slide blocks (92) on it again is rotatedly connected with the fixedly swash plate (107) that is sandwiched in the centre; Be provided with countercylinder (1) at the fixing opposite side of swash plate, countercylinder is connected as a single entity by intermediate case (153) and master cylinder (38), and the gas distribution piston in the countercylinder (18) is connected through the opposite side of piston rod (17) with crosshead (91); Be provided with the block lid (155) that can allow power piston bar (90) pass in master cylinder bottom, formed bottom space (156) can be communicated with by the intercommunication pipe (158) between being connected bottom each master cylinder between each master cylinder medium power piston and the block lid.

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