CN1659371A - Method and device for converting thermal energy into kinetic energy - Google Patents
Method and device for converting thermal energy into kinetic energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1659371A CN1659371A CN 03812774 CN03812774A CN1659371A CN 1659371 A CN1659371 A CN 1659371A CN 03812774 CN03812774 CN 03812774 CN 03812774 A CN03812774 A CN 03812774A CN 1659371 A CN1659371 A CN 1659371A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for converting thermal energy into kinetic energy, in which a working medium undergoes changes in the state thereof in at least one working space that is separated by means of a displacing element. The working medium flows back and forth between at least two closed working spaces (1, 2). The working medium is directed between the working spaces (1, 2) via a working machine (12) so as to deliver effective work. The working medium then flows from one side of the displacing element (3, 4) to the other side thereof via the regenerator (6, 7) by means of the displacing element (3, 4). The flow of the working medium is controlled via control members, particularly valves (13, 23, 24, 25, 26) while each displacing element (3, 4) is moved via a drive unit (5).
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of is the method for kinetic energy with thermal power transfer, the change of state below wherein working medium stands at least one working room that is separated by displacer:
-compression, preferably isothermal compression is dispelled the heat in a compression chamber simultaneously
-in the process of working medium from the compression chamber to the expansion chamber, in regenerator, absorb heat, preferably wait and hold heat absorption
-expanding, isothermal expansion preferably is simultaneously in the expansion chamber heat supply and discharge effective merit
-when working medium turns back to compression chamber, in regenerator, dispel the heat, preferably wait and hold heat radiation.
In addition, the present invention relates to implement the device of described method.
On new life's meaning, energy can not be by " creation ".Energy is present among the nature in a variety of forms, but is not that every kind of energy existence form can both be used for human needs comparably.The energy that contains in the timber is very useful for heating for example, but not too be fit to produce light or for refrigerator freezes, or the like.
Although almost desirable available energy form is arranged for very specific application, be used for automobile as for example oil, rock gas is used for the industry heating, and from human hope, general form of energy is an electric energy.But, as far as we know, the energy that in nature, does not almost exist with this form.
This means that available form of energy must at first convert electric energy-and be to change with different significant degrees to by several steps.If adopt and for example with chemical species solar energy has been preserved fossil energy such as the coal in millions of years, rock gas and oil produce electric energy, and three transfer processes are necessary with relevant factory so.At first convert the chemical energy that stores to heat by burning.Produce high pressure steam with heat, high pressure steam becomes kinetic energy with thermal conversion in steam turbine.The vapor wheel machine driving generator, kinetic energy finally converts electric energy in generator.
In these transformation of energy each all has specific efficiency degree, and promptly each energy all is lossy, and overall efficiency is also correspondingly low.For example, energy stored is only had an appointment and 40% can be converted electric energy in coal, rock gas and the oil.Remaining 60% has all fallen as so-called waste heat losses, can not be used with the electric energy form.
In other transfer process, as for example the chemical energy in the oil being converted to kinetic energy driving automobile, ship, train or even aircraft, although conversion chains link is shorter, efficient is not improved.
For example, if only consider a large amount of electricity that the whole world consumes, just can see having how many energy can not be used and lose.The primary energy loss, can not be used to convert to electric energy and become a subject matter, particularly because this is the waste to limited resources, but are more serious problems with converting chemical energy to electric energy relevant environmental pollution by burning for following several generations, the for example climatic change that causes of greenhouse gases, for example CO2 problem.
Therefore, the mankind attempt to improve transfer process in decades always makes it reach best, and to attempt to utilize as a part of used heat in the district heating for example be N/R.
It has been to improving a kind of obvious contribution of conversion efficiency that a part of used heat of heat power station is used for heating purposes.With the energy of other form, become the effort of electric energy also to obtain preliminary achievement as for example wind energy or solar energy converting.
Thereby it also is very promising shortening conversion chains link and improve whole efficient by the transfer process of using other.A kind of interesting this transfer process has realized in Stirling engine.Stirling engine can directly become kinetic energy with thermal power transfer, need not " detour " by steam.
After steam turbine, Stirling engine is the second old hot machine, thermal power transfer can be become the machine of kinetic energy.Although in principle, obviously than steam turbine and carburetor engine or diesel engine height, it does not become very general to the efficient of Stirling engine yet.Steam turbine and carburetor engine or diesel engine are further developed always, not only realizing the gratifying life-span, and the most important thing is to realize only performance, and efficient obviously improves simultaneously, and Stirling engine has almost passed into silence.Only it begins just more to be noted that reason is the environmental pressure that it is lower and not limited by thermal source recently.But, reach and identical " maturation " degree of carburetor engine in modern steam turbine or the automobile for making it, still need a large amount of R﹠D works.
For example, still need a large amount of developments so that the efficient of the Stirling engine of making is brought up to desirable Stirling engine efficient, the efficient of desirable Stirling engine is identical with the efficient of Kano process.For possible movable application, should be mainly improving performance and improving and work aspect the dynamic characteristic in the quick load transfer process.
Although because this development deficiency causes it not obtain gratifying achievement yet, compare with traditional hot machine, the most important advantage of Stirling engine is:
1, it is with any thermal source work, and as for example solar heat or process heat, life entity burns, gas or other combustible refuse even refuse that garbage bury produces, or the like;
2, promptly may there be the burning under the optimum condition in continuous heat supply, contains any pollutant like this in the exhaust hardly;
3, closed circulation-need not to bring in constant renewal in working medium;
4, because favourable process on the heating power, even can expect to obtain very high efficient-under the sub load situation usually;
5, the extremely steady and noise free of operation.
At present, from embodiment's angle, three kinds of dissimilar Stirling engines are arranged: α type, β type and γ type.The difference of these Stirling engine types mainly is working principle and structural design.
The corresponding Kano of desirable Stirling process process, thus very high efficient had.But in fact, accurately implement, promptly accurately duplicate desirablely, perhaps theoretical or rather process is impossible.In the machine of implementing, must accept many deviations relevant with design, these deviations have negative effect to efficient and performance.
For example in the Stirling engine that has at present designed or made, both can not realize waiting and hold heat absorption or wait and hold heat radiation, also can not realization isothermal compression or isothermal expansion.Its main cause is inevitable clearance volume and continuous rather than discrete volume-variation.Although piston and displacer move by the crank drive of band flywheel, so in the dead point reversing of motion, not as the desired minibreak of theoretical procedure.
Three kinds of basic design solutions of the corresponding development at present of motor that α, β and γ are three types are with the Stirling process of simulate ideal as far as possible in the machine of implementing.
In the α motor, used two pistons in two cylinders that separate, one of them piston is arranged in the thermal expansion chamber, and another piston is arranged in the cold compression chamber.According to step or crankshaft angles, two pistons all are working pistons, and then become displacer.
A significant drawback of α motor is the piston packing in the thermal expansion chamber, and it has limited the life-span of motor greatly, and does not find satisfied solution for it as yet at present.Another shortcoming is that crank drive causes that be correlated with and gross differences ideal process and poor efficiency.
Up to the present, many different cylinder arrangement forms have been developed, as parallel, aim at opposed, parallel opposed, cylinder in V-arrangement or Finkelstein rotary cylinder, or the like, all these types are worked in an identical manner, have identical weakness and identical poor efficiency.
In the β machine, used a piston and a displacer, wherein piston and displacer all are arranged in the same cylinder.For the compound movement of piston and displacer, wherein piston and displacer are according to the circulation move toward one another, then to same direction motion, for example to the crankshaft direction motion, perhaps one of them should be slack, and another is moving, need complicated gear, for example the rhombus gear.
Similar with the α machine, the major defect of β machine is that sealing can become dry.In addition, although complicated gear is arranged, the motion of piston and displacer is worked as crank drive, therefore has the dead point of the reversing of motion, but does not have real pause.In beta type, the efficiency far of the actual acquisition of the Stirling engine of enforcement is lower than the efficient of desirable Stirling process.
Another major defect of β type machine is the complicated sealing system of displacer slide bar in compression piston.Because piston and displacer are arranged in the same cylinder, so the slide bar of displacer passes compression piston.
Developed at present the embodiment of many different β type machines,, but all do not influenced the shortcoming of β machine as for example Rankine-Napie or blue PHILIPS Co..
In the γ machine, piston is with in displacer is arranged in different cylinders.The complicated sealing system that this has been avoided the displacer slide bar in the compression piston to use.But the dead volume that influences efficient has conversely increased.
As described to α and β machine, the disadvantage of γ machine is the dry seal of working piston.In addition, piston that is produced by the transmission of bent axle transmission or similar crank and displacer movement make in the machine of implementing approximate ideal Stirling process well.Therefore, the efficient of γ machine is starkly lower than desirable Stirling process.
Another major defect of γ machine is bigger dead volume and lower compression ratio, and wherein bigger dead volume has produced extra negative effect to efficient, therefore can only obtain medium volume performance.
Except described single-acting machine, the double-action stirling engine also is developed and implements, and α type particularly is as the Franchot Stirling engine.In this motor, the Stirling process not only space above two pistons takes place, but also takes place below each piston, and promptly circulate with two differences that the bottom is carried out two different Stirling processes together all the time in the top of two cylinder and pistons.Therefore, two pistons and their cylinder define four variable volumes, they can be regarded as and form two independent α machines in couples.With the same in the single-acting α machine, expansion piston and compression piston must have about 90 ° phase difference.
The efficient of double-action α machine such as Franchot Stirling engine is unlike single-acting α machine height.Important disadvantages is identical with problem.Only can improve the volume performance by compactedness.
Siemens's Stirling engine also is known, and it has any amount of cylinder, is the standard construction of most of high power Stirling engine, is about 52 kilowatts 4-95 ' associating Stirling as for example power.In this embodiment, also having developed many models, is row as for example cylinder arrangement, is arranged as " U " or " V-arrangement ", is arranged as rectangle or circle.Although it is that piston seal in the shell is positioned at cold part that heater in Siemens's Stirling engine, the layout of regenerator and cooler are chosen such that, the basic shortcoming of α machine still exists.
Known also the trial with the free-piston layout or as the circular piston motor, the Wankel system implements stirling engine principles.But neither one has improved efficient among these embodiments; On the contrary, except with the α machine mutually specific efficiency lower, enlarged shortcoming and problem on the contrary.
In general, because the clearance volume in heat exchanger, regenerator and the reflow pipe, the embodiment of all these various Stirling engines has shortcoming, thereby these clearance volumes have additionally reduced pressure ratio and reduced efficient.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of the above-mentioned type, avoided above-mentioned shortcoming on the one hand, make on the other hand and can implement Stirling engine by this way for the first time that promptly with in the past compare, its working method can more approaching desirable Stirling process.
Described purpose realizes by the present invention.
The method according to this invention is characterised in that, working medium back and forth flows at least in the working room of two sealings, wherein in order to discharge effective merit, working medium moves through a working machine between the working room, wherein heat absorption occurs in before the working machine, and heat radiation occurs in after the machine, its feature also is, working medium is compressed in the working room after heat radiation, its feature also is, by the displacer working medium pass subsequently regenerator from a side flow of displacer to opposite side, wherein the mobile of working medium is to pass through control unit, particularly valve is controlled, and each displacer is moved by a transmission device.By the present invention, can realize for the first time than the obvious high efficient of the Stirling engine of all present enforcements.
The higher reason of efficient mainly in the working procedure of implementing more near the theoretical circulation process, this realizes by method of the present invention.Because the temperature difference of working medium in the working room of two couplings and the pressure difference that causes thus, thereby working medium flows in cold chamber and does work by working machine.The state of equilibrium that causes is because the major part of working medium is positioned at cold chamber.Waiting in the circulation of appearance regenerator subsequently,, between two working rooms, set up pressure difference in the mirror image mode once more and also by working machine pressure difference has been changed successfully once more by heat supply.The behavior and vibrator circuit are similar, and by constant Carnot efficiency, can realize the specific power than relative working medium amount higher in the theoretic desirable Stirling process.
According to a particular design of the present invention, the working room is divided into the double-action working room by displacer.Like this, owing to cancelled outflow path, so process can be accelerated.In addition, cancelled the sealing of presumable necessary in other cases buffer space.
According to a special characteristic of the present invention, each displacer is moved by an independent transmission device.According to this feature of the present invention, there is not the transmission device of crank gear or similar crank, crank gear is to cause the process implemented and the main cause of desirable Stirling process degree of approximation difference.Replace crank gear, used linear actuator, can be independent of other motion ground this device is controlled, therefore for example in displacer, can realize the dwell time of any length of any time.
According to another design of the present invention, the displacer of coupling working room is mobile by being rigidly connected by transmission device.This allows simplicity of design, and wherein for example two heat or cold chamber intercouple.This allows Re-Re chamber to be immersed in fully in the thermal source, and cold-cold chamber is immersed in the low-temperature receiver fully, and can not cause damage because of the transmission of heat between the cold-peace thermal source working medium.Two displacers are linked to each other by the rigidity slide bar, and this slide bar absorbs the active force between two displacers.Be mobile displacer, only need overcome surface friction drag and flow losses.Regenerator also can be positioned within the slide bar or outside.Slide bar itself does not need sealed.The theoretical power (horse-power) density of working medium amount is than the height in the desirable Stirling process relatively.This design allows to use low temperature to generate electricity and freezes.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the working room is divided into expansion chamber and compression chamber by displacer, after leaving expansion chamber, the working medium that wherein is used to produce effective merit passes the regenerator of distributing to this working room, to discharge effective merit by working machine, after working machine, export coldly in case of necessity, flow into the compression chamber of coupling working room, pass the expansion chamber that the regenerator of distributing to this working room enters same working room by moving of displacer from compressed side then.This embodiment is so-called " cold " motor.Working machine can design very simply, because it does not bear high temperature stress.In addition, the expansion of cold working medium that can be by being reproduced device cooling produces cold, and the cold of generation can obtain utilizing before entering into cold working space by heat exchanger.Efficient and power density ratio γ type Stirling engine height, wherein γ type Stirling engine has the piston that is connected cold side with flange.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the working room is divided into expansion chamber and compression chamber by displacer, the working medium that wherein is used to produce effective merit leaves expansion chamber with after discharging effective merit, pass a heater in case of necessity, passing working machine also passes regenerator subsequently and passes compressor in case of necessity, pass other cooler in case of necessity, flow into the compression chamber of coupling working room, pass the expansion chamber that the regenerator of distributing to this working room flows into same working room by the motion of displacer from compressed side then.This embodiment is so-called " heat " motor.The theoretical value of such theoretical efficiency and Carnot efficiency is approaching, and the theoretical power (horse-power) density of working medium amount is than the height of desirable Stirling process relatively.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the working room is divided into two expansion chambers or two compression chambers respectively by displacer, the working medium that wherein is used to produce effective merit leaves after the expansion chamber, pass distribute to this working room regenerator to discharge effective merit by working machine, after working machine, flow into the compression chamber of coupling working room, pass another expansion chamber that the regenerator of distributing to this working room flow into same working room by the motion of displacer from compressed side then.As previously described, should allow to utilize low-temperature electricity-generating and refrigeration by " low temperature " motor.
According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, just before working machine, carry out isobaric heat absorption especially.Topmost advantage is that the temperature limitation in the displacer is the highest regenerator temperature, and wherein regenerator temperature is lower than heter temperature.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, compression realizes by isostasy and/or compressor.If only realize compression, can remove electric rotating machine, i.e. a compressor so by isostasy.This can make process simpler undoubtedly.If integrated compressor can be realized higher efficient so.
But another object of the present invention is to be provided for to realize the device according to the inventive method.
Be used for apparatus according to the invention be characterized in that of implementation method, the working room of at least two sealings is provided, wherein each working room is by being divided into two parts by the displacer that transmission device moves, one of them part comprises a heater, another part comprises a cooler, each working room has a regenerator of distributing to it, wherein two parts all are connected on this regenerator, its feature also is, at least one part of each working room is connected on the working machine, the part that wherein is used for discharging subsequently effective merit is connected the appropriate section of another working room, its feature also is, control unit is provided, and particularly valve is with the Control work medium.As described above, realized higher specific power by device according to the present invention.
Another advantage according to apparatus of the present invention is, can low clock frequency operate machines.Thereby the sealing problem that the working room does not have real piston packing and avoided especially occurring under than big piston volume situation.By eliminating this problem, can use capacious working room, clock frequency that capacious working room can be low and operation discontinuously.Like this, just realized being similar to desirable Stirling process.
Thereby, can realize isothermal process better by than clock frequency slower in traditional Stirling engine and longer heat exchanger time.The big heating surface of working room allows to use biomass fuel.
Another advantage is to make the clearance volume minimum.Clearance volume is the volume that does not participate in thermal procession, so it has adverse influence to efficient.It is that sinusoidal motion by piston produces on the surface, is actually the regenerator volume of being flowed through by working medium, and heater tube volume or the like produces.Big volume working room and by contrast little volume element such as working machine, regenerator, the ratio of heater and cooler has caused favourable clearance volume and ratio of displacement volumes, and this ratio is starkly lower than the ratio of the machine of current enforcement.
The driving force minimum also is an advantage.Driving force is by wait to hold passing the flow resistance that working medium produces in the working room, starting valve and forming by the compressor compresses working medium in case of necessity.Cancel one of main component, promptly done the frictional force of operation piston packing ring and the frictional force of crank gear.
In a word, thereby we can say that be under the temperature stress effect and the movable sealing circle of dried operation by cancellation, the sealing circle is present subject matter, just can make this motor by the mechanical engineering of standard.The working room separates the parts that allow the use standard with working machine.Because atwirl working machine, generator can have the small construction size.The cancellation mechanical driving unit also simplifies the structure.Displacer needn't be synchronous with working machine, can set best operating point independently of each other respectively.
According to a concrete feature of the present invention, at least one control unit, particularly valve are respectively provided in the connection between working machine and single part.It is used to make work cycle and regenerator circulation to throw off.As the replacement scheme of controlling by valve, also can use slit control.
According to another concrete feature of the present invention, provide four, six or more even number working room, wherein working room's coupling in pairs all the time.By increasing the quantity of coupling working room, reduced the working machine fluctuation relevant, and compared with work cycle with process, regenerative cycle has prolonged.
Very concrete feature according to the present invention, working machine is a turbo machine, particularly axial flow turbine, radial turbine or tesla turbo machine.Use turbo machine to allow the movable sealing circle of cancellation bearing temperature stress and dried operation, the sealing circle is by the subject matter in the Stirling engine of piston actuated.Particularly, can realize better isothermal expansion or compression by disc type or tesla turbo machine.
According to one embodiment of present invention, working machine is a piston motor.This embodiment's advantage is cheap and can utilizes the standard element manufacturing.
According to another embodiment of the invention, working machine is a screw motor.Similar with turbo machine, the advantage of screw motor is to have cancelled seal ring.
According to a special improvement project of the present invention, the transmission device of displacer is a linear actuator.Linear actuator has guaranteed accurately to control the acceleration and the braking of displacer.This make can be low loss realize discontinuous motion according to desirable thermal procession.Therefore, can cancel bar or crank-driven all passages and sealing.Just can realize possible fast power control immediately by changing the displacer clock frequency, needn't realize by changing top temperature.Therefore, in the sub load scope, can realize very good control.
According to another feature of the present invention, comprised a heater in the upstream and/or the downstream of regenerator in case of necessity.The heater head in the working room, this heater is to the working medium energize, thereby enlarged total absorption area of hot-zone.
A special embodiment variant of the present invention is characterised in that, the working room is divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer, its feature also is, expansion chamber links to each other with the regenerator of distributing to this working room, and regenerator links to each other with working machine, its feature also is, the outflow side of working machine links to each other with the compression chamber of another working room of coupling, and this compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of same working room by the regenerator of distributing to this working room, wherein between the inflow side of regenerator and working machine, between the outflow side of working machine and compression chamber, a control unit, particularly valve are all provided respectively.In this sense, be suitable for about the described advantage of " cold " motor above.
Another specific embodiment of the present invention is characterised in that, the working room is divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer, its feature also is, expansion chamber links to each other with the inflow side of working machine, the outflow side of working machine by regenerator with link to each other by the compression chamber of compressor in case of necessity with another working room of coupling, and this compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of same working room by the regenerator of distributing to this working room, wherein between the inflow side of expansion chamber and working machine, a control unit, particularly valve are provided respectively between regenerator outflow side and compression chamber.In this sense, be suitable for about the described advantage of " heat " motor above.
Alternate embodiment of the present invention is characterised in that, the working room respectively is divided into two expansion chambers or two compression chambers by displacer, its feature also is, each expansion chamber links to each other with the inflow side of working machine by regenerator, the outflow side of working machine links to each other with the compression chamber of another working room of coupling, and this compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of another working room by regenerator, wherein between the regenerator and working machine inflow side in expansion chamber downstream, a control unit, particularly valve are provided respectively between working machine outflow side and compression chamber.In this sense, be suitable for about the described advantage of " low temperature " motor above.
Certainly, according to the working principle of hot motor, hot gas also can be inflated.
Another embodiment of the present invention is characterised in that, with part that working machine links to each other after, a heater is provided on flow direction.Before working machine, reach higher temperature thus, thereby improve power output.
Favourable improvement project according to the present invention, for example in the heating boiler firing chamber, heater separates with part is local.Therefore, have only element just to bear the highest temperature stress, therefore have only these parts must make corresponding size as heater.
Explain the present invention in more detail below by the examples Example shown in the accompanying drawing.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the device that thermal power transfer is become kinetic energy as thermo-motor,
Fig. 2 is the device as cold engine,
Fig. 3 is the device as cryogenic engine,
Fig. 4 is the device embodiment who has the heater that the part separates,
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of device working method.
At first statement, in described embodiment, identical part has identical reference number and identical component names with identical state, and wherein the disclosure that comprises in whole specification can be applied mechanically identical parts and the equal state with same reference numerals or same parts title on meaning.
As shown in fig. 1, utilize working medium to become the device of kinetic energy to have the working room 1,2 of two sealings thermal power transfer, wherein each working room 1,2 all is divided into two parts by displacer 3,4 movably, i.e. an expansion chamber and a compression chamber.Each displacer 3,4 can be by transmission device, and particularly linear actuator 5 moves.Each working room 1,2 all has the regenerator 6,7 of distributing to it.Working room 1 or two parts of 2 link to each other with this regenerator 6 or 7 by pipeline 8,9 or 10,11.
Each working room 1 or a part of 2-be in the illustrated case expansion chamber-link to each other with working machine 12.After working machine 12, be used to discharge counterpart-the be compression chamber-link to each other of expansion chamber and working room 2 of the working room 1 of effective merit.
For the Control work medium, control unit is provided, particularly valve 13, and these valves are arranged between the single part of working machine 12 and working room 1 or 2.Also can use slit control to replace valve 13.
As working machine 12, can use turbo machine, particularly axial flow turbine or radial turbine.Certainly, piston motor or screw motor also can be used as working machine 12.Working machine 12 links to each other with generator 18 by axle 17.
In desirable process, working medium stands following change of state:
-isothermal expansion in compression chamber, heat radiation simultaneously
-working medium from compression chamber to the expansion chamber transfer process, hold heat absorption in regenerator 6 or 7 etc.
-in expansion chamber by the heat supply isothermal expansion and discharge effective merit
-in flowing back into the compression chamber process, hold heat radiation in regenerator 6 or 7 etc.
Usually can see that working medium back and forth flows between two double-action sealing working rooms 1,2.For discharging effective merit, working medium is guided through the working machine 12 between the working room 1,2.Subsequently, in double- action working room 1,2, working medium by displacer 3 or 4 pass regenerator 6 or 7 from an effluent of displacer 3 or 4 to opposite side, wherein working medium is mobile by valve 13 controls, and each displacer 3,4th is moved by transmission device 5.
As mentioned above, Fig. 1 shows the device as " heat " motor, is also referred to as 4 and resembles turbo machine, because working medium is guided through working machine 12 at its maximum temperature state.Expansion chamber links to each other with the inflow side of working machine 12, and the outflow side of working machine 12 also links to each other by the compression chamber of compressor 19 with another working room 2 of coupling by regenerator 6 or 7.This compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of same working room 2 by the regenerator 7 of distributing to this working room 2, wherein between the inflow side of expansion chamber and working machine 12, provides a valve 13 respectively between regenerator 7 outflow sides and compression chamber.
Expansion chamber links to each other with the heater 14 of the regenerator 6 of distributing to this working room 1, and regenerator 6 links to each other with working machine 12.The outflow side of working machine 12 links to each other by the compression chamber of cooler 16 with another working room 2 of coupling, and this compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of same working room 2 by the regenerator 7 of distributing to this working room 2. Regenerator 6 or 7 and the inflow side of working machine 12 between, between the outflow side and compression chamber of working machine 12 or compressor 19, provide valve 13 respectively.
The 4-that Fig. 2 shows as " cold " motor resembles turbo machine.Working room 1,2 still is divided into expansion chamber and compression chamber by displacer 3,4.
In this case, the working medium that is used to produce effective merit passes the regenerator 6 of distributing to this working room 1 and discharges effective merit to pass through working machine 12, and flow into the compression chamber of the working room 2 of coupling after working machine 12 after leaving expansion chamber.Subsequently, working medium passes the regenerator 7 of distributing to this working room 2 flow into same working room 2 from compressed side expansion chamber by the motion of displacer 4.
Fig. 3 shows the device as cryogenic engine.Wherein displacer 3,4 20 is moved by transmission device 5 by being rigidly connected.Working room 1,2 is divided into two expansion chambers or two compression chambers respectively by displacer 3,4.Each expansion chamber in the working room 1 links to each other with the inflow side of working machine 12 by regenerator 6,7, and the outflow side of working machine 12 links to each other with the compression chamber of another working room 2 of coupling.This compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of another working room 1 by regenerator 6 or 7, wherein the regenerator 6 in expansion chamber downstream or 7 and the working machine inflow side between, between working machine 12 outflow sides and compression chamber, provide a valve 13 respectively.
The working medium that is used to produce effective merit leaves after the expansion chamber, passes the regenerator 6 of distributing to this working room 1 or 7 discharging effective merit by working machine 12, and flow into the compression chamber of the working room 2 that is coupled working machine 12 after.Subsequently, working medium passes the regenerator 6 of distributing to this working room 2 or 7 by the motion of displacer 3 or 4 and flow into the expansion chamber of working room 1 from compressed side.
For making working room's 2 coolings, it for example can be arranged in below ground.
In addition, displacer 3 or 4 film that also can be designed to be coupled.
In Fig. 4, each working room 1,2 is divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer 3,4.Each displacer 3,4 can be by transmission device, and particularly linear actuator 5 moves.In addition, each displacer 3,4 is arranged in the guiding device 22.Each working room 1,2 has the regenerator 6,7 of distributing to it.Working room 1 or two parts of 2 link to each other with this regenerator 6 or 7 by pipe.
In addition, expansion chamber has an intermediate heater 21.This intermediate heater 21 can be designed to the intermediate heater 21 of layering or be designed to the thin slice packet form.Compression chamber has a cooler 16.
Expansion chamber links to each other by the heater 14 that intermediate heater 21 and part separate in case of necessity.Heater 14 can be arranged in the heating boiler.In this heater 14, carry out the equipressure heating.Working medium comes out to pass working machine 12 from heater 14.Work 12 is the tesla turbo machine preferably, and it connects with generator 18 by direct 17.
Once more according to showing a process.1 compression chamber comes out the working medium of compression from the working room, passes the regenerator 6 of distribution and the expansion chamber that intermediate heater 21 flows into same working room 1, thereby and is waited to hold and heat.Start passage by mobile displacer 3.After leaving the expansion chamber of working room 1, working medium passes external heater 14 and flow into working machine 12, wherein carries out isobaric heat absorption at heater 14.
Come out from working machine 12, working medium passes the compression chamber of regenerator 7 and cooler 16 inflow working rooms 2, and is flowed or the compressor isothermal compression by working medium subsequently.In the cooler 16 of working room 2, discharge the heat of compression.By the motion of displacers 4 in the working room 2, compressed working medium passes the expansion chamber that regenerator 7 and intermediate heater 21 enter working room 2.
After leaving the expansion chamber of working room 2, working medium passes external heater 14 and flows into working machine 12, wherein carries out isobaric heat absorption at heater 14.Working medium is back to the compression chamber of working room 1 from working machine 12.
In principle, working medium flows by 8 fonts, and wherein working machine is as the center.Single process steps is by relevant valve-not shown-control.
Fig. 5 has described the mode of action of the device that has valve control based on real example.In the working room 1 that has displacer 3, working medium temperature T o is 530 ℃, and pressure P o is 30 crust.In the working room 2 that has displacer 4, temperature Pu is 30 ℃, and compression Pu is 10 crust.Because produce pressure difference in the circulation of the displacer between the working room 1 and 2, valve 23 and valve 24 are opened on flow direction.Temperature is that 530 ℃ thermodynamic medium 1 comes out to pass valve 23 and flows into heaters from the working room, with working medium superheating to 630 ℃, turns back to 530 ℃ by polynary off-load then in working machine 12 there.Subsequently, the working medium valve 24 of flowing through, regenerator 7, cooler 16 enters working room 2, wherein is cooled to 60 ℃ at regenerator 7 working mediums, is cooled to 30 ℃ at cooler 16 working mediums.Valve 25 and 26 has been blocked pressure difference, after regenerative cycle subsequently, promptly just opens in next work cycle.
When work cycle after having produced isostasy between the working room 1,2; Promptly pressure is identical (middle pressure) in whole system, the beginning regenerative cycle.Displacer 3,4 moves to opposite dead center position now, thereby the mobile working medium passes the opposite side that regenerator-chiller unit enters each displacer 3,4.The working medium that carries out etc. holds heating or cooling has produced variation in pressure in relevant working room 1,2 thus; Promptly enter when hot when cold, build-up of pressure rises, and when heat enters when cold, produces pressure and descends.Thereby regenerative cycle end and the pressure difference that produces are used for work cycle subsequently.
In a word, must be pointed out, for being easier to understand, the not proportional or expression to scale of discrete component in the accompanying drawing and annex.
Claims (22)
1. with thermal power transfer the method for kinetic energy, the change of state below wherein working medium stands at least one working room that is separated by displacer:
-compression, preferably isothermal compression is dispelled the heat in a compression chamber simultaneously
-in the process of working medium from the compression chamber to the expansion chamber, in regenerator, absorb heat, preferably wait and hold heat absorption
-expanding, isothermal expansion preferably is simultaneously in the expansion chamber heat supply and consume effective merit
-when working medium turns back to compression chamber, in regenerator, dispel the heat, preferably wait and hold heat radiation.
It is characterized in that, working medium back and forth flows at least in the working room (1,2) of two sealings, wherein in order to discharge effective merit, working medium is guided through working room (1,2) machine between (12), wherein heat absorption occurs in machine (12) before, and heat radiation occurs in machine (12) afterwards, its feature also is, working medium is compressed in working room (1,2) after heat radiation, and its feature also is, by displacer (3,4) working medium passes regenerator (6,7) subsequently from a side flow of displacer (3,4) to opposite side, wherein the mobile of working medium is to pass through control unit, particularly valve (13,23,24,25,26) control, and each displacer (3,4) is moved by a transmission device (5).
2. according to the method described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that working room (1,2) is divided into double-action working room (1,2) by displacer (3,4).
3. according to the method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that each displacer (3,4) is moved by oneself a transmission device (5).
4. according to the method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the displacer (3,4) of the working room of coupling (1,2) is moved by a transmission device by be rigidly connected (20).
5. according to one or multinomial described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, working room (1 or 2) is divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer (3 or 4), after leaving expansion chamber, the working medium that wherein is used to produce effective merit passes the regenerator (6 or 7) of distributing to this working room (1 or 2), to discharge effective merit by working machine (12), after working machine, export cold in case of necessity, flow into the compression chamber of coupling working room (1 or 2), pass the expansion chamber that the regenerator (6 or 7) of distributing to this working room (1 or 2) enters same working room (1 or 2) by moving of displacer (3 or 4) from compressed side then.
6. according to one or multinomial described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, working room (1 or 2) is divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer (3 or 4), the working medium that wherein is used to produce effective merit leaves expansion chamber with after discharging effective merit, pass a heater (14) in case of necessity, passing working machine (12) also passes regenerator (6 or 7) subsequently and passes compressor (19) in case of necessity, pass other cooler (16) in case of necessity, flow into the compression chamber of coupling working room (1 or 2), pass the expansion chamber that the regenerator (6 or 7) of distributing to this working room (1 or 2) flows into same working room (1 or 2) by the motion of displacer (3 or 4) from compressed side then.
7. according to one or multinomial described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, working room (1 or 2) is divided into two expansion chambers or two compression chambers respectively by displacer (3 or 4), the working medium that wherein is used to produce effective merit leaves after the expansion chamber, pass distribute to this working room (1 or 2) regenerator (6 or 7) to discharge effective merit by working machine (12), after working machine, flow into the compression chamber of coupling working room (1 or 2), pass another expansion chamber that the regenerator (6 or 7) of distributing to this working room (1 or 2) flow into same working room (1 or 2) by the motion of displacer (3 or 4) from compressed side then.
8. according to one or multinomial or x in the claim 1 to 4, the described method of y is characterized in that, at working machine (12) before, particularly is right after at working machine (12) and carries out isobaric heat absorption before.
9. according to one or multinomial or x in the claim 1 to 4, the described method of y is characterized in that, by isostasy or/and a compressor compress.
10. be used for implementing device according to one of claim 1 to 9 or multinomial described method, it is characterized in that, the working room (1 of at least two sealings is provided, 2), each working room (1,2) displacer (6 wherein by moving by transmission device (5), 7) be divided into two parts, one of them part comprises a heater (14), and another part comprises a cooler (16), each working room (1,2) has a regenerator (6 of distributing to it, 7), wherein two parts all are connected on this regenerator (6,7), its feature also is, at least one part of each working room (1,2) is connected on the working machine (12), and the part that wherein is used for discharging subsequently effective merit is connected another working room (1,2) on the appropriate section, its feature also is, control unit is provided, and particularly valve (13,23,24,25,26) with the Control work medium.
11. the device according to described in the claim 10 is characterized in that, at least one control unit, particularly valve (13,23,24,25,26) are provided in the connection between working machine (12) and single part.
12. the device according to described in claim 10 or 11 is characterized in that, provides four, six or more even numbers working room (1,2), wherein working room (1,2) coupling in pairs all the time.
13., it is characterized in that working machine (12) is a turbo machine, particularly axial flow turbine, radial turbine or tesla turbo machine according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 12.
14., it is characterized in that working machine (12) is a piston motor according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 12.
15., it is characterized in that working machine (12) is a screw motor according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 12.
16., it is characterized in that the transmission device of displacer (5) is a linear actuator according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 15.
17., it is characterized in that a heater (14) being arranged according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 16, and/or in the downstream of regenerator (6,7) cooler (16) is arranged in case of necessity in regenerator (6,7) upstream.
18., it is characterized in that working room (1 according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 17,2) be divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer (3,4), its feature also is, expansion chamber with distribute to this working room (1,2) regenerator (6,7) links to each other, and regenerator (6,7) link to each other with working machine (12), its feature is that also the compression chamber of another working room (1,2) of the outflow side of working machine (12) and coupling links to each other, and this compression chamber is by distributing to this working room (1,2) regenerator (6,7) links to each other with the expansion chamber of same working room (1,2), wherein at regenerator (6,7) and between the inflow side of working machine (12), all provide a control unit respectively between the outflow side of working machine (12) and compression chamber, particularly valve (13,23,24,25,26).
19. according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 17, it is characterized in that, working room (1,2) be divided into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber by displacer (3,4), its feature also is, expansion chamber links to each other with the inflow side of working machine (12), the outflow side of working machine (12) is by regenerator (6,7) and continuous with the compression chamber of another working room (1,2) of coupling by compressor (19) in case of necessity, and this compression chamber is by distributing to this working room (1,2) regenerator (6,7) links to each other with the expansion chamber of same working room (1,2), wherein between the inflow side of expansion chamber and working machine (12), a control unit is provided respectively between regenerator (6,7) outflow side and compression chamber, and particularly valve (13,23,24,25,26).
20. according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 17, it is characterized in that, working room (1 or 2) is divided into two expansion chambers or two compression chambers by displacer (3 or 4), its feature also is, each expansion chamber links to each other with the inflow side of working machine (12) by regenerator (6 or 7), the outflow side of working machine (12) links to each other with the compression chamber of another working room of coupling (1 or 2), and this compression chamber links to each other with the expansion chamber of another working room (1 or 2) by regenerator (6 or 7), wherein between the regenerator (6 or 7) and working machine (12) inflow side in expansion chamber downstream, a control unit is provided respectively between working machine (12) outflow side and compression chamber, particularly valve (13,23,24,25,26).
21. according to one or multinomial described device in the claim 10 to 17, it is characterized in that, on the flow direction with part that working machine (12) links to each other after, arranged a heater (14).
22. the device worker according to described in the claim 21 is characterized in that, heater (14) is arranged as with described part position and separates, and for example is positioned at the firing chamber of heating boiler.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT8432002A AT500640B1 (en) | 2002-06-03 | 2002-06-03 | Method of converting thermal into kinetic energy involves feeding working fluid between two working spaces |
| ATA843/2002 | 2002-06-03 | ||
| ATA767/2003 | 2003-05-19 | ||
| AT7672003A AT500641B8 (en) | 2002-06-03 | 2003-05-19 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING HEAT ENERGY IN KINETIC ENERGY |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1659371A true CN1659371A (en) | 2005-08-24 |
Family
ID=29712921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03812774 Pending CN1659371A (en) | 2002-06-03 | 2003-06-02 | Method and device for converting thermal energy into kinetic energy |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1509690B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005531708A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1659371A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT500641B8 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003237553A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2488241A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50301321D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1509690T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04012100A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003102403A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ297785B6 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2007-03-28 | Method of and apparatus for conversion of thermal energy to mechanical one | |
| DE102007039517B4 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2010-04-29 | Waechter-Spittler, Freiherr von, Hartmut | Rotating reciprocating engine |
| JP5317942B2 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2013-10-16 | 横浜製機株式会社 | External combustion type closed cycle heat engine |
| JP5525371B2 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2014-06-18 | 横浜製機株式会社 | External combustion type closed cycle heat engine |
| JP2014031726A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-20 | Hidemi Kurita | Drive control method for stirling engine |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US334153A (en) * | 1886-01-12 | George h | ||
| NL70865C (en) * | 1948-10-12 | |||
| US3248870A (en) * | 1960-07-29 | 1966-05-03 | Morgenroth Henri | Stirling cycle engine divided into a pressure generating unit and energy converting unit |
| US3678686A (en) * | 1970-02-20 | 1972-07-25 | Atomic Energy Commission | Modified stirling cycle engine-compressor having a freely reciprocable displacer piston |
| DE2402289C2 (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1984-08-02 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Multi-cylinder hot gas piston machine |
| US4012910A (en) * | 1975-07-03 | 1977-03-22 | Mark Schuman | Thermally driven piston apparatus having an angled cylinder bypass directing fluid into a thermal lag heating chamber beyond the bypass |
-
2003
- 2003-05-19 AT AT7672003A patent/AT500641B8/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-02 MX MXPA04012100A patent/MXPA04012100A/en unknown
- 2003-06-02 JP JP2004509264A patent/JP2005531708A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-02 AU AU2003237553A patent/AU2003237553A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-02 EP EP03735135A patent/EP1509690B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-02 CA CA002488241A patent/CA2488241A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-02 DK DK03735135T patent/DK1509690T3/en active
- 2003-06-02 WO PCT/AT2003/000160 patent/WO2003102403A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-02 DE DE50301321T patent/DE50301321D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-02 CN CN 03812774 patent/CN1659371A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005531708A (en) | 2005-10-20 |
| EP1509690A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| AU2003237553A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
| MXPA04012100A (en) | 2005-09-21 |
| EP1509690B1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
| DE50301321D1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
| AT500641B8 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| WO2003102403A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
| CA2488241A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
| AT500641B1 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
| AT500641A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| DK1509690T3 (en) | 2006-01-30 |
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