CN109915252B

CN109915252B - Intercooler adiabatic internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN109915252B
Application number: CN201910039048.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩培洲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-01-16
Filing date: 2019-01-16
Publication date: 2023-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-16
Also published as: CN109915252A; WO2020147583A1

Abstract

An intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder cover and a piston arranged in the cylinder, wherein the bottom surface of the cylinder cover is respectively provided with an air vent and a compressed air outlet, the compressed air outlet is led to a combustion chamber (4) through a cylinder valve, a controllable one-way valve, an intercooler (20) and an inflation valve, the combustion chamber is communicated with the cylinder below through the valve, the intercooling process is realized through the intercooler in the compression process, no knocking phenomenon is generated when the gasoline fuel is used and the high compression ratio of 15:1 is adopted, the intercooling greatly reduces the pressure and the initial combustion temperature of the compressed air after compression, the mechanical efficiency is improved, the emission of nitrogen oxides and the like is reduced, the combustion can be carried out under blue flame due to sufficient fuel atomization time, harmful substances in exhaust are fewer, the efficiency improvement potential brought by 500 ℃ due to the temperature reduction of the intercooling compressed air can reach 25%, and the efficiency improvement is realized after the engine is insulated.

Description

Intercooler adiabatic internal combustion engine

Technical Field

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular to an intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine.

Background

The higher compression ratio is favorable for reducing the oil consumption of the engine, the compression ratio can only be about 10:1 because of the influence of knocking in the gasoline engine, the diesel engine is superior to the gasoline engine in thermal efficiency because of the higher compression ratio, but the exhaust pollution of the diesel engine is larger, and a post-treatment device with higher cost is needed to be additionally arranged to meet the environmental emission requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine, which not only can improve the efficiency of the engine by adopting a higher compression ratio, but also can help to reduce the initial compression pressure and combustion temperature due to the intervention of an intercooling process in the compression process, thereby being beneficial to improving the mechanical efficiency of the engine and reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides and the like. Meanwhile, the intercooling heat insulation internal combustion engine at least can be provided with heat insulation layers on the bottom surface of the cylinder cover and the top surface of the piston, so that the heat dissipation loss of the engine is reduced, and various fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil and the like are conveniently used.

The intercooling heat-insulating internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder cover and a piston arranged in the cylinder, wherein an air vent and a compressed air outlet are respectively arranged on the bottom surface of the cylinder cover above the cylinder, the compressed air outlet is communicated with an air outlet pipeline after being controlled to be opened and closed by an up-down arranged cylinder valve and a controllable one-way valve, the air outlet pipeline is communicated with an air charging port of a combustion chamber controlled by an air charging valve in the cylinder cover through an intercooler and an air supply pipeline, and the combustion chamber is communicated with the cylinder below through the air vent controlled by the combustion chamber valve; when the cylinder valve of the compressed air outlet is not controlled, the cylinder valve is propped against the lower conical surface of the compressed air outlet by the upward pulling action of the ejector rod and the spring seat on the upper surface by the spring, so that the compressed air outlet is closed, the cylinder valve can be opened by the downward pressing action of the opening cam on the cam shaft by the rocker arm and the ejector rod, the controllable one-way valve sleeve at the upper side of the cylinder valve is arranged on the ejector rod of the cylinder valve, and is seated on the upper conical surface of the compressed air outlet by the downward pressing action of the pressure spring sleeved on the ejector rod and the lower end of the pressure pipe, so that the compressed air outlet is closed, the cylinder valve and the controllable one-way valve are respectively clamped on the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface of the compressed air outlet by the pull sleeve on the ejector rod and the drag reducing spring in the pull sleeve, and the gap between the cylinder valve and the controllable one-way valve is small when the compressed air outlet is closed; when the piston of the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine goes up to perform compression, after the piston goes up for half a stroke, a cam is started to control a cylinder valve to move down for opening, when the piston goes up continuously to enable the pressure of compressed air in the cylinder to be close to the pressure of gas in the intercooler, a release cam of the controllable one-way valve is controlled to apply an upward opening acting force to the controllable one-way valve through a rocker arm and a sleeve pipe firstly through a drag reduction spring, and when the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder is equal to the pressure of the gas in the intercooler, the controllable one-way valve acted by the drag reduction spring is actively opened upwards, so that the compressed air pushed by the piston in the cylinder is enabled to enter the intercooler through an unblocked compressed air outlet and an air outlet pipeline, the compression heat of the air is led to the outside, the compression process is enabled to be close to an isothermal state, the pressure of the compressed air is reduced, and the compression work consumed by the piston is correspondingly reduced; meanwhile, before the cylinder valve is not opened, the low-temperature compressed air cooled by the intercooler enters the combustion chamber from the air charging port along the air supply pipeline and the air charging valve controlled to be opened by the air charging cam, after the combustion chamber is fully filled with the low-temperature compressed air, the air charging valve is upwards moved to be closed by the valve rod and the spring, then the fuel injector sprays fuel air into the sealed combustion chamber to form fuel air mixture, after the controllable one-way valve controlling the opening of the compressed air outlet and the upward piston enable the compressed air in the cylinder to flow to the intercooler, the combustion chamber valve of the combustion chamber is also upwards pulled to be opened by the ventilation cam, the upper rocker arm and the valve rod, so that the combustion chamber is communicated with the cylinder below through the ventilation port, and when the piston moves to the upper dead center, the cylinder valve controlled to upwards move the compressed air outlet at the same time, and the spring sleeve at the upper part of the valve rod and the top spring in the valve rod are utilized to enable the sealing block seat on the combustion chamber valve to upwards move to be leaked along the lower end of the valve rod, at the moment, the spark is controlled to be ignited, the fully mixed fuel air in the combustion chamber is pushed to fully move to the combustion chamber to form high-pressure air through the ventilation port, and the combustion air is fully pushed to enter the combustion chamber through the high-pressure side; after the ignition and work processes of the spark plug are started, the controllable one-way valve is also controlled to move downwards to the closed position; after the work process is finished, when the exhaust process is carried out, the combustion chamber valve of the combustion chamber is closed by the action of the downward-pressing spring, so that the compression discharge, the intermediate cooling, the oil-gas mixing and the ignition combustion process in the next cylinder are repeated.

In the arrangement of the combustion chamber valve, the combustion chamber valve and the charging valve of the combustion chamber are arranged coaxially up and down, and after the valve rod of the combustion chamber valve passes through the valve rod of the charging valve, which is made into a sleeve structure, the valve rod is controlled by the upper rocker arm and the ventilation cam through the spring sleeve on the valve rod. The air charging valve of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber valve are staggered, and the valve rod of the combustion chamber valve penetrates through the top of the combustion chamber and is controlled by the spring sleeve, the upper top rocker arm and the ventilation cam on the valve rod after the sealing seat of the air charging valve is avoided.

For the structure of the air charging valve, when the diameter of the air charging valve is larger, the annular top surface of the air charging valve is provided with tangential guide vanes, the upper ends of the tangential guide vanes are connected with the upper annular ring, and when the air charging valve is opened, the tangential guide vanes enable compressed air flow entering the combustion chamber to flow in a rotating mode. When the diameter of the inflation valve is smaller, a blade seat is formed below the inflation valve, a spiral guide vane is formed outside the blade seat, when the inflation valve is closed, the blade seat moves upwards to fall in an annular groove outside the valve, and when the inflation valve is opened, air flow enters a combustion chamber through the spiral guide vane on the blade seat which extends out of the annular groove, so that compressed air entering the combustion chamber flows in a rotating way.

In order to prevent the up-shift impact of the quick opening of the combustion chamber valve, the upper part of the valve rod passes through the spring sleeve upwards and forms a hydraulic seat sleeve at the top of the valve rod, a buffer oil rod arranged below the gland extends into the hydraulic seat sleeve, when the combustion chamber valve is quickly moved up to be opened, after a drain groove in the hydraulic seat sleeve at the top of the valve rod which moves up in a follow-up way moves over the buffer oil rod, the combustion chamber valve below the valve rod is seated in a decelerating way due to hydraulic resistance.

In the four-stroke intercooling heat-insulating internal combustion engine, the air vent and the compressed air outlet on the bottom surface of the cylinder cover are respectively arranged at two sides between an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, two air outlet flow guiding shallow grooves which are separated by a certain angle towards two sides are arranged on the top surface of the piston and correspond to the compressed air outlet, and a fuel gas flow guiding shallow groove which points to the center of the piston is arranged corresponding to the air vent. In a two-stroke intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine, when only one compressed air outlet is arranged, a vent on the bottom surface of a cylinder cover is separated from the compressed air outlet by a certain distance; when two compressed air outlets are arranged, the air vent of the combustion chamber is basically arranged at the center, and the two compressed air outlets are arranged at two sides of the air vent.

In order to enhance the flow of gas in the combustion chamber, a plurality of spiral lines with a certain height are formed on the annular heat insulation inner wall of the combustion chamber. In order to avoid gas leakage of the intercooler, two stop valves are respectively arranged on an air outlet pipeline and an air supply pipeline of the intercooler, and the two stop valves are controlled to be closed after the internal combustion engine is stopped.

When the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine adopts a higher basic compression ratio of 15:1, the intercooling process is realized by an external intercooler in the compression process, so that the temperature of compressed air returned to a combustion chamber is greatly reduced (can be lower than 150 ℃), and the engine does not have knocking phenomenon when gasoline fuel is used, and can also be ignited by a spark plug like a gasoline engine but uses diesel as fuel. In the compression and discharge process carried out in the later stage of the compression process for the intermediate cooling, as the valve of the compressed air outlet is actively opened, the aperture of the outlet is also large enough, the compressed air pushed by the piston can enter the intermediate cooler through the opened compressed air outlet and the air outlet pipeline without obstruction, and the flow resistance of the compressed air is smaller than that of a common pre-combustion chamber and a vortex chamber type diesel engine.

After the intermediate cooling process is performed by adopting a higher basic compression ratio, the compressed air pressure and the initial combustion temperature are greatly reduced, so that the mechanical efficiency of the engine is improved, and the emission of nitrogen oxides and the like is reduced. Because the fuel oil and the air have sufficient time to be completely atomized in the combustion chamber, the combustion is performed under blue flame under the condition that less harmful substances exist in the exhaust gas. In order to reduce heat dissipation loss of the engine, heat insulation layers can be arranged on at least the inner wall of a combustion chamber, the bottom surface of a cylinder cover and the top surface of a piston in the intercooling heat insulation internal combustion engine. Because the intermediate cooling process is performed, the fuel atomization in the combustion chamber is not deteriorated after the heat insulation layer is arranged, and various different fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil and the like are also conveniently used. If the working gas generated in the adiabatic combustion chamber can be completely combusted as soon as possible between the adiabatic head bottom surface and the piston top surface (before the water-cooled cylinder wall is not exposed) after being injected into the cylinder, the harmful substances in the exhaust gas are less.

The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine adopts a basic compression ratio of 15:1, is more suitable for turbocharging (a turbocharger with a motor), and when the turbocharger presses 2 times of air into a cylinder, and the relative compression ratio of the engine reaches 32:1, the compression end pressure of the compressed air is not higher than the compression pressure of a common diesel engine at 20:1 due to the intercooling process, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine is not reduced.

In a common turbocharged diesel engine with an intercooler, when the temperature of the charge air is reduced by the intercooler by 10 ℃, the efficiency of the diesel engine is improved by about 0.5 percent, and after the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine adopts a compression ratio of 15:1, the temperature of the compressed air after intercooling can be reduced by 500 ℃, and the efficiency of the intercooling can be improved by 25 percent. Although the high-temperature fuel gas in the combustion chamber has certain cooling loss when flowing through the air vent, the intercooling reduces the highest combustion temperature, and the cooling loss is correspondingly reduced, and the heat insulation layers arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the bottom surface of the cylinder cover and the top surface of the piston comprehensively reduce the cooling loss, so the heat efficiency of the intercooling heat-insulation internal combustion engine is still greatly improved. Meanwhile, the temperature after being cooled in compression is still low, and the emission of nitrogen oxides and the like is also small. Because the fuel and the air are fully atomized and then quickly combusted in the combustion chamber with smaller volume, the post-combustion loss in the common diesel engine can be eliminated. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine can use gasoline fuel or diesel fuel, as long as the fuel injected into the combustion chamber can be ignited by spark plug, so that it is a multi-fuel engine.

Drawings

The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an intercooler insulating internal combustion engine of the present invention.

Fig. 2 (1), (2), (3) and (4) are diagrams of the combustion chamber charge, gas-oil mixture, compression discharge (intercooling) and ignition combustion process operation performed by the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another combustion chamber of an inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine.

FIG. 4 is a hydraulic buffer block diagram of the top of the valve stem of a combustion chamber valve in an inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the arrangement of the head bottom valve in a four-stroke cold adiabatic internal combustion engine.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the arrangement of the head bottom valve in a two-stroke cold adiabatic internal combustion engine.

Detailed Description

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an intercooler insulating internal combustion engine of the present invention. Fig. 2 (1), (2), (3) and (4) are diagrams of the combustion chamber charge, gas-oil mixture, compression discharge (intercooling) and ignition combustion process operation performed by the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head 1 and a piston 10 installed in a cylinder 5. The cylinder head bottom surface 59 on the cylinder is respectively provided with a vent 38 and a compressed air outlet 70[ see fig. 2 (3) ], the compressed air outlet is communicated with an air outlet pipeline 71 after being controlled to be opened and closed by an upper-lower arranged cylinder valve 6 and a controllable one-way valve 7, the air outlet pipeline is communicated with an air charging port 18 of a combustion chamber 4 controlled by an air charging valve 2 in the cylinder head through an intercooler 20 and an air supply pipeline 73, and the combustion chamber 4 is communicated with the cylinder 5 below through the vent 38 controlled by the combustion chamber valve 3. To enhance the cooling effect of the intercooler 20, the intercooler dissipates heat in a water-cooled counter-current manner. The engine of fig. 1 is undergoing an intake event, and when the piston 10 is down, the intake valve 66 is controlled to open by a cam 69 on the camshaft 65 via a rocker arm 67.

When the cylinder valve 6 of the compressed air outlet is not controlled, the push rod 51 and the spring seat 52 on the upper side are pulled upwards by the spring 53 to push against the lower conical surface 76 of the compressed air outlet 70 so as to close the compressed air outlet and prevent high-pressure fuel leakage during work. The lower cylinder valve 6 is opened by the opening cam 56 on the camshaft 65 being pressed downward via the rocker arm 55 and the carrier rod 51, as shown in fig. 2 (3). The controllable one-way valve 7 at the upper side of the cylinder valve 6 is sleeved on the ejector rod 51 of the cylinder valve, and is pressed down by the pressure spring 48 sleeved on the ejector rod and the lower end of the pressure pipe 43 to be seated on the upper conical surface 57 of the compressed air outlet 70 so as to close the compressed air outlet [ the upper conical surface is referred to as fig. 2 (3) ], and the controllable one-way valve 7 is sleeved at the lower part of the sleeve 43 by the pull sleeve 41 and the drag reduction spring 42 arranged therein. When the compressed air outlet is closed, the cylinder valve 6 and the controllable check valve 7 are clamped to the upper tapered surface 57 and the lower tapered surface 76 of the compressed air outlet, respectively, and the gap 91 between the cylinder valve and the controllable check valve is made small (the enlarged structure thereof is shown in fig. 3).

During compression of the charge on the piston 10 of an inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, the opening cam 56 controls the cylinder valve 6 to be first moved down to open after the piston has gone up halfway, referring to the state shown in fig. 2 (3). As the piston 10 continues to move upward to bring the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder 5 close to the pressure of the air in the intercooler 20, the release cam 46 controlling the controllable check valve applies an upward opening force to the controllable check valve 7 via the rocker arm 81 and the sleeve 43 via the drag reducing spring 42. As the piston 10 continues to compress upward, when the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder 5 is equal to the pressure of the air in the intercooler, the controllable check valve 7 acted by the drag reduction spring 42 will actively open upward, so that the open compressed air outlet 70 and the air outlet pipe 71, which are not blocked, of the compressed air pushed by the piston in the cylinder enter the intercooler 20, so that the compression heat of the air is led to the outside, the compression process is close to isothermal state, the pressure of the compressed air is reduced, and the compression work consumed by the piston is correspondingly reduced.

During the compression of the compressed air in the cylinder 5 by the piston 10 into the intercooler 20, at the same time, before the cylinder valve 6 is not opened, the low-temperature compressed air cooled by the intercooler 20 has entered the combustion chamber 4 from the charging port 18 along the air supply line 73 and the charging valve 2 controlled to be opened by the charging cam 22, and after the low-temperature compressed air fills the combustion chamber, the charging valve 2 is moved up to be closed by the valve stem 11 and the spring 14 as shown in the state of fig. 2 (1). Subsequently, as shown in the state of fig. 2 (2), the injector 9 injects fuel into the sealed combustion chamber 4 to form a fuel-air mixture. The mixing of fuel and air in the combustion chamber 4 has sufficient time to fully atomize the fuel during the entire intake and most of the compression process in a four-stroke internal combustion engine, thereby facilitating the subsequent combustion process.

After the controllable check valve 7 of the compressed air outlet 70 is controlled to open and the upward piston 10 causes the compressed air in the cylinder to flow into the intercooler 20, as shown in the state of fig. 2 (3), the combustion chamber valve 3 of the combustion chamber 4 is also pulled up and opened by the ventilation cam 33, the upper rocker arm 32 and the valve stem 24 at the same time, so that the combustion chamber 4 communicates with the cylinder 5 below through the ventilation port 38. At this time, since the volume in the combustion chamber 4 is small and the volume in the intercooler 20 is large, and the compressed air is more easily compressed by the inter-cooling, the compressed air in the cylinder 5 is pushed by the piston 10 to enter the intercooler 20 only along the opened compressed air outlet 70 without being blocked. The vent cam 33 and the charge cam 22 are mounted on a cam shaft 68.

When the piston 10 moves to the top dead center, the cylinder valve 6 controlled to move up closes the compressed air outlet at the same time as shown in the state of fig. 2 (4). At this time, the combustion chamber valve 3 in the combustion chamber 4 has moved to the uppermost position, and the sealing block seat 23 on the combustion chamber valve 3 is moved upwards by the spring sleeve 27 on the upper part of the valve rod 24 and the top spring 26 therein to seal the leakage along the lower end of the valve rod, at this time, the ignition plug 8 is controlled to ignite, so that the fully mixed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 4 is combusted to form high-temperature and high-pressure working gas, and the working gas enters the cylinder below through the opened air vent 38 and pushes the piston 10 to perform downward work. The controllable check valve 7 is also subsequently controlled to move down to the closed position after the ignition and work process of the ignition plug 8 has started, to prevent bi-directional blow-by of the cylinder and the intercooler during and after the work process has ended. After the work process is finished, when the exhaust process is carried out, the combustion chamber valve 3 of the combustion chamber 4 is moved down and closed under the action of the pressing spring 30, the process is returned to the state shown in fig. 2 (1), and after the charging valve is moved down and opened, the compression discharge, the intermediate cooling, the oil-gas mixing and the ignition combustion process in the next cylinder can be repeated.

After the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine is added in the intercooling process, because the low-temperature compressed air enters the combustion chamber, the engine is insulated and the oil spraying and atomizing process is not deteriorated, at least the inner wall of the combustion chamber can be provided with a heat insulation layer 35, the bottom surface of the cylinder cover is provided with a heat insulation layer 92, and the top surface of the piston is provided with a heat insulation layer 93, so that the heat dissipation loss of the engine is reduced.

The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine can employ a relatively high compression ratio, and a combustion chamber volume of suitable size can be formed at a compression ratio of 16:1. Because a certain clearance is reserved when the piston moves to the top dead center, about 25% of compressed air in the cylinder cannot enter the intercooler. To compensate for the amount of air that does not enter the intercooler, the engine may be turbocharged.

Although the pistons in an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine resemble piston air pumps when pressing air into the intercooler, the two will be very different. The single-stage pressure ratio of the common piston air pump is not more than 10:1, so that the compressed air left in the clearance volume is prevented from expanding again and then the next inhalation amount is reduced. However, when the piston in the inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine discharges compressed air at a larger supercharging ratio, a small amount of compressed air left in the cylinder participates in the subsequent combustion work process, and then is discharged again, so that the air intake process is not affected at all. Because of this feature, in order to further increase engine power, when the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine is turbocharged (a turbocharger with a motor) after adopting a basic compression ratio of 15:1, even if the turbocharger presses 2 times of air into the cylinder, the piston can press the compressed air into the intercooler at a larger supercharging ratio and a larger gas pressure. When the turbocharger presses 2 times of air into the cylinder to enable the relative compression ratio of the engine to reach 32:1, the compression end pressure of the compressed air is not higher than the compression pressure of a common diesel engine at 20:1 due to the intermediate cooling process, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine is not reduced. Because the temperature of the compressed air entering the combustion chamber in the intermediate cooling process is still low (can be lower than 200 ℃), the injected gasoline and diesel fuel can not be pre-combusted, and the spark plug can reliably ignite and burn.

In the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber valve 3 and the charging valve 2 of the combustion chamber are arranged in two ways, and an up-down coaxial arrangement structure shown in fig. 1 can be adopted, so that after the valve rod 24 of the combustion chamber valve passes through the valve rod 11 of the charging valve, which is made into a sleeve structure, the valve rod is controlled by the upper top rocker arm 32 and the ventilation cam 33 through the spring sleeve 27. The separate arrangement shown in fig. 3 may also be used to stagger the inflation valve 2 of the combustion chamber from the combustion chamber valve 3, with the valve stem 24 of the combustion chamber valve 3 passing through the top of the combustion chamber 4 and clear the sealing seat 16 of the inflation valve and being controlled by the spring sleeve 27, the overhead rocker arm 32 and the vent cam 33 thereon (see fig. 1). A thermal insulation layer 94 is also provided in the middle and bottom of the combustion chamber valve 3 to reduce heat dissipation losses of the combustion chamber valve. The ability to reduce the valve height is also advantageous in reducing heat dissipation losses when the combustion chamber valve 3 is given a higher lift distance. In addition, in FIG. 3, a tapered seal 98 is provided over the vent 38 to allow the insulation to extend into the vent. After the lift distance of the combustion chamber valve 3 is increased, the valve upward movement speed is increased, in order to prevent the upward movement impact of the combustion chamber valve 3, a hydraulic seat cover 84 is formed at the top of the valve rod 24 after the upper part of the valve rod 24 passes through the spring sleeve 27 upwards, a buffer oil rod 86 arranged below the gland 85 extends into the hydraulic seat cover 84, and when the combustion chamber valve 3 is quickly moved upward and opened, after a drain groove 87 in the hydraulic seat cover 84 at the top of the valve rod 24 which moves upward with the buffer oil rod 86, the combustion chamber valve 3 below the valve rod 24 is slowly seated when moving upward due to hydraulic resistance.

In order to generate a rotating intake flow when the combustion chamber is inflated, as shown in fig. 1, when the diameter of the inflation valve 2 is larger, tangential guide vanes 78 can be arranged on the annular top surface of the inflation valve, the upper ends of the tangential guide vanes are connected with the annular ring above, and when the inflation valve is opened, the intake flow is enabled to flow into the combustion chamber 4 from the annular ring through the tangential guide vanes 78, so that the compressed air flow entering the combustion chamber rotates and flows, and the fuel is fully atomized when the fuel injector injects fuel into the combustion chamber.

When the diameter of the charging valve is smaller, as shown in fig. 3, a vane seat 79 is formed below the charging valve 2, a spiral guide vane 82 is formed outside the vane seat, when the charging valve is closed, the vane seat 79 moves up and falls in a ring groove 83 outside the valve, and when the charging valve is opened, air flow enters the combustion chamber 4 through the spiral guide vane 82 on the vane seat extending out of the ring groove 83, and compressed air entering the combustion chamber flows in a rotating way. In order to atomize the oil gas in the combustion chamber more fully, the air flow entering the combustion chamber is not only rotated and flowed under the action of the guide vane, but also correspondingly tumbled in the direction of the arrow when a plurality of spiral lines 36 with a certain height are formed on the annular heat insulation inner wall 35 of the combustion chamber 4.

The charge air insulated internal combustion engine may be formed as a four-stroke or two-stroke engine, and when the charge air insulated internal combustion engine is formed as a four-stroke charge air insulated internal combustion engine, referring to fig. 5, the air port 38 and the compressed air outlet 70 in the bottom surface 59 of the cylinder head are provided on either side between the intake and exhaust valves 66, 67, respectively. Two air outlet flow guiding shallow grooves 89 which are separated by a certain angle to two sides are arranged on the top surface of the piston corresponding to the compressed air outlet 70, a gas flow guiding shallow groove 88 which points to the center of the piston is arranged corresponding to the air vent 38, and the air outlet flow guiding shallow grooves and the gas flow guiding shallow grooves are separated by a certain distance.

In a two-stroke cold adiabatic internal combustion engine, referring to fig. 6, the air port 38 on the bottom surface 59 of the cylinder head is spaced apart from the compressed air outlet when only one compressed air outlet is provided, and the air port 38 of the combustion chamber is disposed substantially centrally when two compressed air outlets 70 are provided, the two compressed air outlets being disposed on either side of the air port 38.

After the intercooler is provided with the external circulation intercooler, since the intercooler is communicated with the corresponding air valve on the cylinder cover, air leakage is inevitably generated after the engine is stopped, and in order to avoid re-charging the intercooler during restarting, as shown in fig. 2 (4), the air outlet pipeline 71 and the air supply pipeline 73 of the intercooler 20 are respectively provided with a stop valve 72 and a stop valve 74, after the internal combustion engine is stopped, the two stop valves are controlled to be closed so as to prevent compressed air leakage, and the engine can be started in time by opening the two stop valves 72 and 74 on the air outlet pipeline 71 and the air supply pipeline 73 during restarting.

Claims

1. An inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head (1) and a piston (10) housed in a cylinder (5), characterized in that: the cylinder head bottom surface (59) on the cylinder is respectively provided with a vent (38) and a compressed air outlet (70), the compressed air outlet (70) is communicated with an air outlet pipeline (71) after being controlled to be opened and closed by an up-down arranged cylinder valve (6) and a controllable one-way valve (7), the air outlet pipeline is communicated with an air charging port (18) of a combustion chamber (4) in the cylinder head, which is controlled by an air charging valve (2), through an intercooler (20) and an air supply pipeline (73), and the combustion chamber (4) is communicated with the cylinder (5) below through the vent (38) controlled by the combustion chamber valve (3); after the intercooler (20) is arranged, at least a heat insulation layer can be arranged on the inner wall of a combustion chamber, the bottom surface of a cylinder cover and the top surface of a piston, when a cylinder valve (6) of a compressed air outlet (70) is not controlled, the cylinder valve is pushed up on the lower conical surface (76) of the compressed air outlet (70) by the pull action of a spring (53) through a push rod (51) and a spring seat (52) on the upper surface, the compressed air outlet is closed, an opening cam (56) on a cam shaft (65) can be pressed down by a rocker arm (55) and the push rod (51) to open the cylinder valve (6), a controllable one-way valve (7) at the upper side of the cylinder valve (6) is sleeved at the lower part of the push rod (51) of the cylinder valve and is closed by the pressure spring (48) sleeved on the push rod and the lower end of the sleeve (43), the controllable one-way valve (7) is also closed by the pull sleeve (41) on the upper conical surface (57) of the compressed air outlet, and the controllable one-way valve (7) is also pressed down on the conical surface (43) of the sleeve, and the controllable one-way valve (7) is clamped between the lower conical surface (76) of the cylinder valve and the cylinder valve (43) when the cylinder valve (6) is closed; when the piston (10) of the intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine goes up to perform the compression process, after the piston goes up for half, the opening cam (56) controls the cylinder valve (6) to move down to open at first, when the piston (10) goes up continuously to enable the pressure of compressed air in the cylinder (5) to be close to the pressure of gas in the intercooler (20), the opening cam (46) of the controllable check valve is controlled to apply an upward opening acting force to the controllable check valve (7) through the rocker arm (81) and the sleeve (43) and then through the drag reduction spring (42), and when the piston (10) goes up to compress continuously, the controllable check valve (7) acted by the drag reduction spring (42) is actively opened upwards to enable the compressed air pushed by the piston in the cylinder to enter the intercooler (20) through the opened compressed air outlet (70) and the air outlet pipeline (71) which are not blocked, so that the compression process is enabled to be close to an isothermal state, the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder is reduced, and the compression work consumed by the piston is correspondingly reduced; at the same time, before the cylinder valve (6) is not opened, the low-temperature compressed air cooled by the intercooler (20) enters the combustion chamber (4) from the air charging port (18) through the charging valve (2) which is controlled to be opened by the charging cam (22) along the air supply pipeline (73), after the combustion chamber is filled with the low-temperature compressed air, the charging valve (2) is closed by the valve rod (11) and the spring (14), then the oil injector (9) injects oil into the sealed combustion chamber (4) to form fuel-air mixture, after the controllable one-way valve (7) controlling the compressed air outlet (70) is opened and the compressed air in the cylinder flows to the intercooler, the combustion chamber valve (3) of the combustion chamber (4) is also pulled up to be opened by the ventilation cam (33), the upper rocker arm (32) and the other valve rod (24) at the same time, the combustion chamber (4) is communicated with the lower cylinder (5) through the air vent (38), when the piston (10) moves to the upper dead center, the valve (6) is controlled to be moved up to the upper dead center, the combustion chamber (3) is also closed, and the combustion chamber (4) is moved to the uppermost position in the combustion chamber (3) is simultaneously, the sealing baffle seat (23) on the combustion chamber valve (3) is moved upwards to seal leakage along the lower end of the other valve rod (24) by utilizing the spring sleeve (27) at the upper part of the other valve rod (24) and the top spring (26) in the spring sleeve, at the moment, the spark plug (8) is controlled to ignite, so that fully mixed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber (4) is combusted to form high-temperature high-pressure working fuel gas, and the working fuel gas enters the cylinder (5) below through the opened vent (38) to push the piston (10) to do downward working; after the ignition and work processes of the spark plug (8) are started, the controllable one-way valve (7) is also controlled to move downwards to the closed position; after the work process is finished, when the exhaust process is carried out, the combustion chamber valve (3) of the combustion chamber (4) is closed by the action of the downward-pressing spring (30), so that the compression discharge, the intermediate cooling, the oil-gas mixing and the ignition combustion process in the next cylinder are repeated.

2. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: the combustion chamber valve (3) and the charging valve (2) of the combustion chamber are coaxially arranged up and down, and after the other valve rod (24) of the combustion chamber valve passes through the valve rod (11) of the charging valve, which is made into a sleeve structure, the valve rod is controlled by the upper top rocker arm (32) and the ventilation cam (33) through the spring sleeve (27) on the valve rod.

3. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: the charging valve (2) and the combustion chamber valve (3) of the combustion chamber are staggered, and the other valve rod (24) of the combustion chamber valve (3) penetrates through the top of the combustion chamber (4) and avoids the sealing baffle seat (23) of the charging valve and is controlled by the spring sleeve (27), the upper top rocker arm (32) and the ventilation cam (33) on the sealing baffle seat.

4. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: when the diameter of the charging valve (2) is larger, the annular top surface of the charging valve is provided with tangential flow guide plates (78), the upper ends of the tangential flow guide plates are connected with the upper annular ring, and when the charging valve is opened, the tangential flow guide plates (78) enable compressed air flow entering the combustion chamber (4) to flow in a rotating mode.

5. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: when the diameter of the inflation valve (2) is smaller, a blade seat (79) is formed below the inflation valve, a spiral guide vane (82) is formed outside the blade seat, when the inflation valve is closed, the blade seat (79) moves upwards to fall into an annular groove (83) outside the valve, and when the inflation valve is opened, air flow enters a combustion chamber (4) through the spiral guide vane (82) on the blade seat which extends out of the annular groove (83), so that compressed air entering the combustion chamber flows in a rotating mode.

6. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the other valve rod (24) passes through the spring sleeve (27) upwards and then forms a hydraulic seat sleeve (84) at the top of the valve rod, a buffer oil rod (86) arranged below the gland (85) stretches into the hydraulic seat sleeve (84), and when the combustion chamber valve (3) is quickly moved upwards to be started, after an oil drain groove (87) in the hydraulic seat sleeve (84) at the top of the valve rod (24) which moves upwards in a follow-up way moves over the buffer oil rod (86), the combustion chamber valve (3) below the valve rod (24) is seated in a decelerating way due to hydraulic resistance.

7. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: in a four-stroke intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine, an air vent (38) and a compressed air outlet (70) on the bottom surface (59) of a cylinder cover are respectively arranged at two sides between an air inlet valve (66) and an air outlet valve (67), two air outlet diversion shallow grooves (89) which are separated by a certain angle towards two sides are arranged on the top surface of a piston corresponding to the compressed air outlet (70), and a fuel gas diversion shallow groove (88) which is directed towards the center of the piston is arranged corresponding to the air vent (38).

8. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: in a two-stroke cold-insulated internal combustion engine, when only one compressed air outlet (70) is arranged, a vent (38) on the bottom surface (59) of the cylinder cover is separated from the compressed air outlet (70) by a certain distance; when two compressed air outlets (70) are provided, the air opening (38) of the combustion chamber (4) is arranged substantially in the central position, and the two compressed air outlets are arranged on both sides of the air opening (38).

9. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein: a plurality of spiral lines (36) with a certain height are formed on the annular heat-insulating inner wall (35) of the combustion chamber (4).

10. The intercooling adiabatic internal combustion engine of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein: a shut-off valve (72, 74) is provided on the outlet line (71) and the supply line (73) of the intercooler (20), respectively, and is controlled to be closed after the internal combustion engine is stopped.