WO2020147583A1

WO2020147583A1 - Intercooled heat-insulated internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2020147583A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/000017
Authority: WO
Inventors: 韩培洲
Original assignee: 韩培洲
Priority date: 2019-01-16
Filing date: 2020-01-08
Publication date: 2020-07-23
Also published as: CN109915252A; CN109915252B

Abstract

An intercooled heat-insulated internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder head (1) and a piston (10) mounted in a cylinder (5), a cylinder head bottom surface (59) being respectively provided with an air vent (38) and a compressed air outlet (70), the compressed air outlet (70) leading to a combustion chamber (4) via a cylinder valve (6), a controllable one-way valve (7), an intercooler (20) and an inflation valve (2), the combustion chamber (4) then being in communication with the cylinder (5) via the air vent (38) controlled by a combustion chamber valve (3). Since intercooling is implemented via an intercooler (20) during compression, knocking does not occur even when gasoline fuel is used and a relatively high compression ratio of 15:1 is applied, further increasing efficiency after engine heat insulation.

Description

Intercooled and insulated internal combustion engine

Technical Field The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, particularly an intercooled and adiabatic internal combustion engine.

Background Art A higher compression ratio is beneficial to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. Due to the impact of knocking in gasoline engines, the compression ratio can only be about 10:1. Due to the high compression ratio, diesel engines are better than gasoline engines in terms of thermal efficiency. Exhaust pollution is relatively large, in order to meet the environmental emission requirements, it is necessary to add a higher cost post-processing device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present invention is to provide an inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, which not only allows the engine to improve efficiency by adopting a higher compression ratio, but also helps to reduce the initial compression pressure due to the intercooling process involved in the compression process And combustion temperature, help improve the mechanical efficiency of the engine and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. At the same time, this type of inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine can at least be provided with heat insulation layers on the bottom surface of the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston to reduce the heat dissipation loss of the engine, and it is also convenient to use various fuels such as gasoline and diesel.

The inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine of the present invention includes a cylinder head and a piston installed in the cylinder. A vent and a compressed air outlet are respectively provided on the bottom surface of the cylinder head above the cylinder. The compressed air outlet is controlled to open and close a vertically arranged cylinder valve and After the controllable one-way valve is connected to the gas outlet pipe, the gas outlet pipe is connected to the charging port of the combustion chamber controlled by the charging valve in the cylinder head through the intercooler and the gas supply pipe. The combustion chamber is then connected to the combustion chamber valve. The controlled vent is connected to the cylinder below; at least the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the bottom surface of the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston can be provided with a heat insulation layer. When the cylinder valve of the compressed air outlet is not controlled, it is blocked by the top rod and the upper spring seat. The upward pulling action of the spring presses against the lower cone of the compressed air outlet to close the compressed air outlet. The opening cam on the camshaft is pushed down by the rocker arm and the ejector rod to open the cylinder valve. The cylinder valve is located on the upper side of the cylinder valve. The control check valve is sleeved on the ejector rod of the cylinder valve, and is pressed down by the compression spring on the ejector rod and the lower end of the pressure tube to seat on the upper cone of the compressed air outlet to close the compressed air outlet, which is controllable one-way The valve also uses the pull sleeve on it and the drag reducing spring inside it to be sleeved on the lower part of the sleeve. When the compressed air outlet is closed, the cylinder valve and the controllable one-way valve are clamped on the upper and lower cones of the compressed air outlet respectively. On the conical surface, the gap between the cylinder valve and the controllable one-way valve is small; when the piston of an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine is in the upward compression process, when the piston is half-upward, the cam control cylinder valve first moves downward to open , When the piston continues to move upward so that the compressed air pressure in the cylinder is close to the gas pressure in the intercooler, the release cam that controls the controllable one-way valve passes through the rocker arm and the sleeve to the controllable one-way valve first through the drag reducing spring Applying an upward opening force, as the piston continues to compress upward, when the compressed air pressure in the cylinder is equal to the gas pressure in the intercooler, the controllable check valve acted by the drag reducing spring will actively open upward , Let the compressed air pushed by the piston in the cylinder enter the intercooler through the opened compressed air outlet and the air outlet line unimpeded, so that the compression heat of the air is conducted to the outside, so that the compression process is close to the isothermal state, The pressure of the compressed air is reduced, and the compression work consumed by the piston is correspondingly reduced; at the same time, before the cylinder valve is opened, the low-temperature compressed air cooled by the intercooler has been opened along the air supply pipeline and controlled by the charging cam. The charging valve enters the combustion chamber from the charging port. After the low-temperature compressed air fills the combustion chamber, the charging valve is moved upward and closed by the action of the valve stem and spring. Then the fuel injector injects fuel into the sealed combustion chamber to form a fuel-air mixture. After the controllable one-way valve that controls the compressed air outlet is opened and the upward piston allows the compressed air in the cylinder to flow to the intercooler, the combustion chamber valve of the combustion chamber is simultaneously pulled up by the ventilation cam, the upper rocker arm and the valve stem. Open to allow the combustion chamber to communicate with the cylinder below through the vent. When the piston reaches top dead center, the cylinder valve that is controlled to move up also closes the compressed air outlet at the same time. At this time, the combustion chamber valve in the combustion chamber has moved to The uppermost position, and use the spring sleeve on the upper part of the valve stem and the top spring inside it to move the sealing stop on the combustion chamber valve up to seal the edge The lower end of the valve stem leaks. At this time, the spark plug is controlled to ignite, allowing the fully mixed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber to burn to form high-temperature and high-pressure work gas. The work gas enters the lower cylinder through the open vent, pushing the piston down Work; after the spark plug is ignited and the work process starts, the controllable one-way valve is then controlled to move down to the closed position; after the work process is over, during the exhaust process, the combustion chamber valve of the combustion chamber is The action of the downward pressure spring moves downward to close, so as to repeat the next compression discharge, intermediate cooling, oil-gas mixing and ignition combustion process in the cylinder.

In the arrangement of the combustion chamber valve, the combustion chamber valve and the charging valve of the combustion chamber can be arranged coaxially up and down. The valve stem of the combustion chamber valve passes through the valve stem of the charging valve that is made into a sleeve structure, and then passes through The spring sleeve is controlled by the upper rocker arm and the ventilation cam. It is also possible to stagger the inflation valve of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber valve. The valve stem of the combustion chamber valve passes through the top of the combustion chamber and escapes the sealing seat of the inflation valve and is covered by the spring sleeve and the upper rocker arm. And ventilation cam control.

For the structure of the inflation valve, when the diameter of the inflation valve is large, the top surface of the inflation valve is provided with tangential guide vanes, and the upper end of each tangential guide vane is connected with the upper ring. When the inflation valve is opened, the tangential guide The streamer allows the compressed air stream entering the combustion chamber to flow in a rotating manner. When the diameter of the inflation valve is small, a blade seat is formed under the inflation valve, and a spiral guide vane is formed outside the blade seat. When the inflation valve is closed, the blade seat moves to the annular groove outside the valve, and the inflation valve opens At the same time, let the air flow into the combustion chamber through the spiral guide vane on the blade seat protruding out of the annular groove, and let the compressed air entering the combustion chamber rotate and flow.

In order to prevent the upward impact of the rapid opening of the combustion chamber valve, the upper part of the valve rod passes through the spring sleeve and a hydraulic seat cover is formed on the top of the valve rod. The buffer oil rod located under the gland extends into the hydraulic seat cover, When the chamber valve 3 is quickly moved upward to open, when the drain groove in the hydraulic seat sleeve on the top of the valve stem that moves upward moves past the buffer oil rod, the combustion chamber valve under the valve stem is decelerated and seated due to hydraulic resistance.

Regarding the arrangement of the vents and compressed air outlets on the bottom of the cylinder head, in a four-stroke intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, the vents and compressed air outlets on the bottom of the cylinder head are arranged on both sides between the intake and exhaust valves, respectively, in the piston On the top surface, corresponding to the compressed air outlet is provided with two gas outlet diversion shallow grooves separated by a certain angle to both sides, and the corresponding vent is provided with a gas diversion shallow groove pointing to the center of the piston. In a two-stroke intermediate-cold adiabatic internal combustion engine, when only one compressed air outlet is provided, the vent on the bottom of the cylinder head is separated from the compressed air outlet by a certain distance; when two compressed air outlets are provided, the vent of the combustion chamber is basically Set in the center position, and two compressed air outlets are set on both sides of the vent.

In order to strengthen the gas flow in the combustion chamber, a number of spirals with a certain height are formed on the annular adiabatic inner wall of the combustion chamber. In order to avoid the gas leakage of the intercooler, two shut-off valves are respectively provided on the gas outlet pipeline and the gas supply pipeline of the intercooler. After the internal combustion engine is stopped, the two shut-off valves are controlled to be closed.

When the intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine of the present invention adopts a higher basic compression ratio of 15:1, the intercooling process is realized through the external intercooler during the compression process, so that the temperature of the compressed air returning to the combustion chamber is greatly reduced (It can be lower than 150℃). There is no knocking phenomenon when using gasoline fuel. It can also be ignited by a spark plug like a gasoline engine but using diesel as fuel. During the compression discharge process at the end of the compression process for intercooling, since the valve of the compressed air outlet is actively opened, the outlet aperture is also large enough, and the compressed air pushed by the piston can be unimpeded by the opened compressed air outlet and outlet The air pipeline enters the intercooler, and the flow resistance of the compressed air is smaller than that of ordinary pre-chamber and swirl chamber diesel engines.

After adopting a higher basic compression ratio and performing an intermediate cooling process, the compressed air pressure and initial combustion temperature are greatly reduced, which helps to improve the mechanical efficiency of the engine and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. Since the fuel and air have enough time to completely atomize in the combustion chamber, it is possible to let the combustion proceed under the blue flame, so that there are fewer harmful substances in the exhaust. In order to reduce the heat dissipation loss of the engine, heat insulation layers can be provided at least on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the bottom surface of the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston in an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine. Due to the intermediate cooling process, the installation of the heat insulation layer will not deteriorate the fuel atomization in the combustion chamber, and it is also convenient to use a variety of different fuels such as gasoline and diesel. If the working gas generated in the adiabatic combustion chamber can be completely burned between the bottom surface of the adiabatic cylinder head and the top surface of the piston as soon as possible after being injected into the cylinder (before the water-cooled cylinder wall is exposed), then the exhaust gas is harmful There will be very little material.

Inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine adopts 15:1 basic compression ratio, which is more suitable for turbocharging (turbocharger with electric motor). When the turbocharger presses 2 times the air into the cylinder, the relative compression ratio of the engine When it reaches 32:1, due to the intermediate cooling process, the compression end pressure of compressed air will not be higher than the compression pressure of ordinary diesel engine at 20:1, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine will not decrease.

In an ordinary turbocharged diesel engine with intercooler, the temperature of the charge air is reduced by 10°C by the intercooler, and the efficiency of the diesel engine is increased by about 0.5%. After the intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine of the present invention adopts a compression ratio of 15:1, The compressed air temperature drop after intercooling can reach 500℃, and the efficiency improved by intercooling can reach 25%. Although the high-temperature gas in the combustion chamber has a certain cooling loss when it flows through the vent, the intercooling reduces the maximum combustion temperature and reduces the cooling loss accordingly. However, the combustion chamber wall, the bottom surface of the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston are installed The thermal insulation layer reduces the cooling and heat dissipation loss overall, so the thermal efficiency of the inter-cooled insulated internal combustion engine will still be greatly improved. At the same time, because the temperature after the compression and intercooling is still very low, the emission of nitrogen oxides will be very small. Since the fuel and air are fully atomized and burned quickly in the combustion chamber with a small volume, the post-combustion loss in ordinary diesel engines can also be eliminated. Inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engines can use gasoline fuel or diesel fuel, as long as the fuel injected into the combustion chamber can be ignited by the spark plug, it is a multi-fuel engine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an intercooled and insulated internal combustion engine of the present invention.

Figure 2 (1), (2), (3), (4) is the operation state diagram of the combustion chamber charging, oil and gas mixing, compression discharge (intercooling) and ignition combustion process performed by the intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine in Figure 1 .

Figure 3 is a structural diagram of another combustion chamber of an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine.

Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the hydraulic buffer at the top of the valve stem of the combustion chamber valve in an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine.

Figure 5 is the layout of the valves on the bottom surface of the cylinder head in a four-stroke intercooled and insulated internal combustion engine.

Figure 6 is the layout of the valves on the bottom surface of the cylinder head in a two-stroke intercooled and insulated internal combustion engine.

Detailed Description of the Embodiments Figure 1 is a structural diagram of an inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine of the present invention. Figure 2 (1), (2), (3), (4) is the operation state diagram of the combustion chamber charging, oil and gas mixing, compression discharge (intercooling) and ignition combustion process performed by the intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine in Figure 1 . As shown in FIG. 1, an intercooled and adiabatic internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head 1 and a piston 10 installed in a cylinder 5. A vent 38 and a compressed air outlet 70 are respectively provided on the bottom surface 59 of the cylinder head above the cylinder [see Figure 2(3)]. The compressed air outlet is controlled to open and close the cylinder valve 6 and the controllable check valve. After 7 is connected with the gas outlet pipe 71, the gas outlet pipe is connected to the charging port 18 of the combustion chamber 4 in the cylinder head controlled by the charging valve 2 through the intercooler 20 and the gas supply pipe 73, and the combustion chamber 4 is again The vent 38 controlled by the combustion chamber valve 3 communicates with the cylinder 5 below. In order to enhance the cooling effect of the intercooler 20, the intercooler adopts a water-cooled countercurrent method for heat dissipation. The internal combustion engine in FIG. 1 is undergoing an intake process. When the piston 10 descends, the intake valve 66 is controlled to open by the cam 69 on the camshaft 65 via the rocker arm 67.

When the cylinder valve 6 of the compressed air outlet is not controlled, the top rod 51 and the upper spring seat 52 are pulled up by the spring 53 and pressed against the lower conical surface 76 of the compressed air outlet 70 to close the compressed air outlet to prevent work. The high-pressure gas leaks. The opening cam 56 on the camshaft 65 is pressed downward via the rocker arm 55 and the ejector rod 51 to open the cylinder valve 6 below, as shown in Fig. 2(3). The controllable one-way valve 7 on the upper side of the cylinder valve 6 is sleeved on the ejector rod 51 of the cylinder valve, and is pressed down by the compression spring 48 and the lower end of the pressure tube 43 sleeved on the ejector rod and seated on the compressed air outlet 70 The compressed air outlet is closed on the tapered surface 57 [see Figure 2(3) for the upper tapered surface]. The controllable one-way valve 7 also uses the pull sleeve 41 on it and the drag reducing spring 42 inside it to be sleeved on the lower part of the sleeve 43 . When the compressed air outlet is closed, the cylinder valve 6 and the controllable check valve 7 are clamped on the upper cone 57 and the lower cone 76 of the compressed air outlet respectively, and the gap between the cylinder valve and the controllable check valve 91 is very small (the enlarged structure here is shown in Figure 3).

When the piston 10 of the inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine moves upward for the compression process, after the piston moves up halfway, the opening cam 56 controls the cylinder valve 6 to move downward and open first, see the state shown in Fig. 2(3). When the piston 10 continues to move upward so that the compressed air pressure in the cylinder 5 is close to the gas pressure in the intercooler 20, the release cam 46 that controls the controllable one-way valve passes through the rocker arm 81 and the sleeve 43 first through the drag reducing spring 42 An upward opening force is applied to the controllable check valve 7. As the piston 10 continues to compress upward, when the compressed air pressure in the cylinder 5 is equal to the gas pressure in the intercooler, the controllable one-way valve 7 acted by the drag reducing spring 42 will actively open upwards, allowing the cylinder The compressed air pushed by the piston enters the intercooler 20 through the opened compressed air outlet 70 and the air outlet line 71 unimpeded, so that the compression heat of the air is conducted to the outside, so that the compression process is close to an isothermal state and reduces The pressure of compressed air is also reduced correspondingly to reduce the compression work consumed by the piston.

While the compressed air in the cylinder 5 is pressed into the intercooler 20 by the piston 10, at the same time, before the cylinder valve 6 is opened, the low-temperature compressed air cooled by the intercooler 20 has been along the air supply pipeline 73 and The charging valve 2 controlled to open by the charging cam 22 enters the combustion chamber 4 from the charging port 18, as shown in the state of Figure 2(1). After the combustion chamber is filled with low-temperature compressed air, the charging valve 2 is acted on by the valve stem 11 and the spring 14. Move off. Subsequently, as shown in the state of Figure 2(2), the fuel injector 9 injects fuel into the sealed combustion chamber 4 to form a fuel-air mixture. The mixing of fuel and air in the combustion chamber 4 has sufficient time. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, it can be fully atomized during most of the entire intake process and compression process, thereby facilitating the subsequent combustion process.

After the controllable check valve 7 of the compressed air outlet 70 is opened, the upward piston 10 allows the compressed air in the cylinder to flow into the intercooler 20, as shown in the state of Figure 2 (3), the combustion of the combustion chamber 4 The chamber valve 3 is also pulled up and opened by the vent cam 33, the upper rocker arm 32 and the valve stem 24 at the same time, allowing the combustion chamber 4 to communicate with the lower cylinder 5 through the vent 38. At this time, because the volume in the combustion chamber 4 is small, the volume in the intercooler 20 is large, and the compressed air is more easily compressed due to intercooling, the compressed air in the cylinder 5 is pushed by the piston 10 only along The opened compressed air outlet 70 enters the intercooler 20 without obstruction. The ventilation cam 33 and the inflation cam 22 are mounted on the cam shaft 68. As shown in FIG.

When the piston 10 reaches the top dead center, as shown in the state of Fig. 2 (4), the cylinder valve 6 controlled to move up also closes the compressed air outlet at the same time. At this time, the combustion chamber valve 3 in the combustion chamber 4 has moved to the uppermost position, and the spring sleeve 27 on the upper part of the valve stem 24 and the top spring 26 in it are used to move the sealing stop 23 on the combustion chamber valve 3 upward. Seal the leakage along the lower end of the valve stem. At this time, the spark plug 8 is controlled to ignite, allowing the fully mixed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 4 to burn to form high-temperature and high-pressure work gas, which enters through the open vent 38 The lower cylinder pushes the piston 10 down to perform work. After the spark plug 8 is ignited and the work process starts, the controllable one-way valve 7 is then controlled to move down to the closed position to prevent two-way air leakage between the cylinder and the intercooler during and after the work process. After the work process is over, during the exhaust process, the combustion chamber valve 3 of the combustion chamber 4 is moved downward and closed by the action of the downward pressure spring 30, so that the process returns to the state shown in Figure 2(1), and moves down the charge valve After it is turned on, the compression discharge, intercooling, air-fuel mixing and ignition combustion process in the cylinder can be repeated for the next time.

After the intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine is added to the intercooling process, because the low-temperature compressed air enters the combustion chamber, the engine will insulate the engine and will not deteriorate the fuel injection atomization process. In order to reduce the heat loss of the engine, at least heat insulation can be installed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber In the layer 35, an insulation layer 92 is provided on the bottom surface of the cylinder head, and an insulation layer 93 is provided on the top surface of the piston.

Inter-cooled and adiabatic internal combustion engines can adopt a higher compression ratio, and when the compression ratio is 16:1, a suitable combustion chamber volume can be formed. Since a certain gap is required when the piston reaches the top dead center, about 25% of the compressed air in the cylinder cannot enter the intercooler. To compensate for the part of the air that does not enter the intercooler, the engine can be turbocharged.

Although the piston in an intercooler adiabatic internal combustion engine is similar to a piston air pump when it presses air into the intercooler, the two are quite different. The single-stage booster ratio of the general piston air pump is not more than 10:1 to prevent the compressed air remaining in the clearance volume from re-expanding and reducing the next suction volume. However, when the piston in an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine discharges compressed air with a larger boost ratio, the small amount of compressed air remaining in the cylinder will participate in the subsequent combustion work process, and then exhaust, it will not affect the intake at all.气 process. Because of this feature, in order to further increase the engine power, when the turbocharger (turbocharger with electric motor) is performed after the basic compression ratio of 15:1 in the intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, even if the turbocharger is pressed into the cylinder 2 times the air, the piston can also press the compressed air into the intercooler with a greater boost ratio and greater gas pressure. When the turbocharger presses twice as much air into the cylinder to make the relative compression ratio of the engine reach 32:1, due to the intermediate cooling process, the compressed air pressure at the end of compression will not be higher than that of ordinary diesel engines at 20:1 The compression pressure and the mechanical efficiency of the engine will not be reduced. Because the compressed air entering the combustion chamber during the intercooling process is still low in temperature (can be lower than 200°C), gasoline and diesel fuel injected into it will not burn prematurely, and can be reliably ignited and burned by a spark plug.

In an intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber valve 3 and the charging valve 2 of the combustion chamber can be arranged in two ways. The upper and lower coaxial arrangement shown in Figure 1 can be used to allow the valve stem 24 of the combustion chamber valve to pass through the charging valve. After the valve stem 11 is made into a sleeve structure, it is controlled by the upper rocker arm 32 and the vent cam 33 via the spring sleeve 27 on it. It is also possible to use a separate arrangement as shown in Figure 3, so that the charge valve 2 of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber valve 3 are arranged staggered, and the valve stem 24 of the combustion chamber valve 3 passes through the top of the combustion chamber 4 and avoids the charge. The sealing seat 16 of the valve is then controlled by the spring sleeve 27, the upper rocker arm 32 and the vent cam 33 on it (see Figure 1). A heat insulation layer 94 is also provided in the middle and the bottom of the combustion chamber valve 3 to reduce the heat dissipation loss of the combustion chamber valve. When the combustion chamber valve 3 has a higher lift distance, the valve height can be reduced and it is also beneficial to reduce the heat dissipation loss. In addition, in FIG. 3, a tapered sealing ring 98 is provided on the vent 38 to allow the thermal insulation layer to extend into the vent. After increasing the lift distance of the combustion chamber valve 3, the upward movement speed of the valve will increase. In order to prevent the upward impact of the combustion chamber valve 3, the upper part of the valve stem 24 passes upward through the spring sleeve 27 and forms on its top. There is a hydraulic seat cover 84, and the buffer oil rod 86 arranged under the gland 85 extends into the hydraulic seat cover 84. When the combustion chamber valve 3 is moved up and opened quickly, the hydraulic seat on the top of the valve rod 24 that moves up will follow After the oil drain groove 87 in the sleeve 84 moves past the buffer oil rod 86, due to hydraulic resistance, the combustion chamber valve 3 under the valve rod 24 decelerates to seat when moving upward.

In order to generate a rotating intake air flow when charging the combustion chamber, as shown in Figure 1, when the diameter of the charging valve 2 is large, a tangential guide vane 78 can be provided on the annular top surface of the charging valve, and the upper end of each tangential guide vane is connected to The upper ring is connected. When the charging valve is opened, the intake air flow is allowed to flow into the combustion chamber 4 through the tangential guide vane 78 from the ring, and the compressed air flow entering the combustion chamber is rotated and flowed so that the fuel injector can inject into the combustion chamber. Allow the fuel to fully atomize while oil.

When the diameter of the inflation valve is small, as shown in FIG. 3, a blade seat 79 is formed under the inflation valve 2, and a spiral guide vane 82 is formed outside the blade seat. When the inflation valve is closed, the blade seat 79 moves onto the valve In the outer ring groove 83, when the charging valve is opened, the airflow is allowed to enter the combustion chamber 4 through the spiral guide vane 82 on the blade seat protruding out of the ring groove 83, so that the compressed air entering the combustion chamber rotates and flows. In order to atomize the oil and gas in the combustion chamber more fully, the airflow entering the combustion chamber not only rotates and flows under the action of the baffle, when a number of spirals with a certain height are formed on the annular adiabatic inner wall 35 of the combustion chamber 4 When the pattern is 36, the swirling air flow in the combustion chamber will also roll correspondingly in the direction indicated by the arrow.

The inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine can be made into a four-stroke or two-stroke engine. When a four-stroke inter-cooled and adiabatic internal combustion engine is made, refer to Fig. 5, the vent 38 and the compressed air outlet 70 on the bottom surface of the cylinder head 59 are respectively set in the intake and exhaust The sides between

doors

66 and 67. On the top surface of the piston, corresponding to the compressed air outlet 70, there are two air outlet diversion shallow grooves 89 separated by a certain angle to both sides, and the corresponding vent 38 is provided with a gas diversion shallow groove 88 pointing to the center of the piston, and the outlet air diversion The shallow groove and the gas diversion shallow groove are separated by a certain distance.

In a two-stroke intermediate-cold adiabatic internal combustion engine, referring to Figure 6, when only one compressed air outlet is provided, the vent 38 on the bottom surface of the cylinder head 59 is separated from the compressed air outlet by a certain distance. When two compressed air outlets 70 are provided , The vent 38 of the combustion chamber is basically set at the center position, and two compressed air outlets are provided on both sides of the vent 38.

After the intercooler is installed with the external circulation intercooler, the intercooler is connected with the corresponding valve on the cylinder head, and gas leakage will inevitably occur after the engine is stopped. In order to avoid re-cooling when restarting As shown in Figure 2(4), two shut-off valves 72 and 74 are respectively provided on the gas outlet pipe 71 and the gas supply pipe 73 of the intercooler 20. After the internal combustion engine is stopped, the two shut-off valves are controlled Close to prevent the compressed air from leaking. When restarting, open the two stop valves 72 and 74 on the air outlet pipe 71 and the air supply pipe 73, so that the engine can be started in time.

Claims

An inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder head (1) and a piston (10) installed in the cylinder (5), characterized in that: the cylinder head bottom surface (59) above the cylinder is respectively provided with vents (38) and The compressed air outlet (70) and the compressed air outlet (70) are connected to the air outlet pipe (71) after controlling the opening and closing of the cylinder valve (6) and the controllable one-way valve (7). The intercooler (20) and the air supply pipeline (73) are connected to the charging port (18) of the combustion chamber (4) in the cylinder head controlled by the charging valve (2), and the combustion chamber (4) is then burned The vent (38) controlled by the chamber valve (3) communicates with the cylinder (5) below; after the intercooler (20) is installed, at least the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the bottom surface of the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston can be provided with a heat insulation layer, When the cylinder valve (6) of the compressed air outlet (70) is not controlled, the lower cone of the compressed air outlet (70) is pushed up by the spring (53) via the ejector rod (51) and the upper spring seat (52) The compressed air outlet is closed on the surface (76), and the opening cam (56) on the camshaft (65) is pressed down by the rocker arm (55) and the ejector rod (51) to open the cylinder valve (6). The controllable one-way valve (7) on the upper side of the cylinder valve (6) is sleeved at the lower position of the cylinder valve's mandrel (51), and is sleeved under the pressure spring (48) and the lower end of the pressure tube (43) on the mandrel The pressure is seated on the upper cone (57) of the compressed air outlet (70) to close the compressed air outlet. The controllable one-way valve (7) also uses the pull sleeve (41) on it and the drag reducing spring ( 42) It is sleeved on the lower part of the sleeve (43). When the compressed air outlet (70) is closed, the cylinder valve (6) and the controllable one-way valve (7) are respectively clamped on the upper cone (57) of the compressed air outlet And the lower cone surface (76), and make the gap between the cylinder valve and the controllable one-way valve small; when the piston (10) of the inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine moves upward for the compression process, when the piston moves up halfway, it opens The cam (56) controls the cylinder valve (6) to move downward and open first. When the piston (10) continues to move upward, the compressed air pressure in the cylinder (5) is close to the gas pressure in the intercooler (20). The release cam (46) of the valve applies an upward opening force to the controllable one-way valve (7) through the rocker arm (81) and the sleeve (43) through the drag reducing spring (42), as the piston ( 10) Continue upward compression. When the compressed air pressure in the cylinder (5) is equal to the gas pressure in the intercooler, the controllable one-way valve (7) acted by the drag reducing spring (42) will actively open upwards , Let the compressed air pushed by the piston in the cylinder enter the intercooler (20) through the opened compressed air outlet (70) and the air outlet pipe (71) unimpeded, so that the compression heat of the air is led to the outside, so that The compression process carried out is close to isothermal state, reduces the pressure of compressed air, and correspondingly reduces the compression work consumed by the piston; at the same time, it is cooled by the intercooler (20) before the cylinder valve (6) is opened. Low temperature compression Air has entered the combustion chamber (4) from the charging port (18) along the air supply pipeline (73) and the charging valve (2) controlled to open by the charging cam (22). After the low-temperature compressed air fills the combustion chamber, the charging valve (2) ) Is moved up and closed by the action of the valve stem (11) and the spring (14), and then the fuel injector (9) injects fuel into the sealed combustion chamber (4) to form a fuel-air mixture, which controls the compressed air outlet (70) After the controllable one-way valve (7) is opened and the upward piston (10) allows the compressed air in the cylinder to flow to the intercooler, the combustion chamber valve (3) of the combustion chamber (4) is also vented by the cam (33) ), the upper rocker arm (32) and the valve stem (24) are pulled up to open, allowing the combustion chamber (4) to communicate with the lower cylinder (5) through the vent (38), and the piston (10) moves to the top dead center At the same time, the cylinder valve (6) that is controlled to move up also closes the compressed air outlet (70). At this time, the combustion chamber valve (3) in the combustion chamber (4) has moved to the uppermost position, and the valve stem is used (24) The upper spring sleeve (27) and the top spring (26) inside make the sealing stop (23) on the combustion chamber valve (3) move up to seal the leakage along the lower end of the valve stem (24). When the spark plug (8) is controlled to ignite, the fully mixed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber (4) is burned to form high-temperature and high-pressure work gas. The work gas enters the lower cylinder through the open vent (38). 5) Push the piston (10) down to do work; after the spark plug (8) is ignited and the work process starts, the controllable one-way valve (7) is then controlled to move down to the closed position; after the work process ends During the exhaust process, the combustion chamber valve (3) of the combustion chamber (4) is moved downward and closed by the action of the downward pressure spring (30), so as to repeat the next compression discharge, intercooling, air-fuel mixing and ignition in the cylinder burning process.
The intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustion chamber valve (3) of the combustion chamber and the charging valve (2) are arranged coaxially up and down, and the valve stem (24) of the combustion chamber valve passes through the charging valve After the valve stem (11) is made into a sleeve structure, it is controlled by the upper rocker arm (32) and the ventilation cam (33) via the spring sleeve (27) on it.
The inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the charging valve (2) of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber valve (3) are arranged staggered, and the valve stem (24) of the combustion chamber valve (3) passes through the combustion chamber. The top of the chamber (4) avoids the sealing seat (23) of the inflation valve and is controlled by the spring sleeve (27), the upper rocker arm (32) and the ventilation cam (33) on it.
The inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the diameter of the inflation valve (2) is large, a tangential guide vane (78) is provided on the annular top surface of the inflation valve. The upper end is connected with the upper ring. When the charging valve is opened, the tangential guide vane (78) allows the compressed air flow entering the combustion chamber (4) to flow in rotation.
The inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the diameter of the inflation valve (2) is small, a blade seat (79) is formed under the inflation valve, and a spiral guide vane (79) is formed outside the blade seat. 82). When the inflation valve is closed, the blade seat (79) moves to the ring groove (83) outside the valve. When the inflation valve is opened, when the inflation valve is opened, let the air flow through the protruding ring groove (83). The spiral guide vane (82) on the blade seat enters the combustion chamber (4), allowing the compressed air entering the combustion chamber to rotate and flow.
The inter-cooled and insulated internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the valve stem (24) passes through the spring sleeve (27) upwards, and a hydraulic seat sleeve (84) is formed on the top of the valve stem (24), which is arranged on the gland ( 85) The lower buffer oil rod (86) extends into the hydraulic seat cover (84). When the combustion chamber valve (3) is quickly moved up and opened, the hydraulic seat cover on the top of the valve rod (24) that moves up will follow After the oil drain groove (87) in (84) moves past the buffer oil rod (86), the combustion chamber valve (3) under the valve rod (24) is slowed down and seated due to hydraulic resistance.
The intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the four-stroke intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, the vent (38) and the compressed air outlet (70) on the bottom surface (59) of the cylinder head are respectively provided at the inlet and On the two sides between the exhaust valves (66, 67), on the top surface of the piston, corresponding to the compressed air outlet (70), there are two outlet diversion shallow grooves (89) that are separated by a certain angle to both sides, corresponding to the vents (38) There is a shallow gas diversion groove (88) pointing to the center of the piston.
The inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the two-stroke inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine, when only one compressed air outlet (70) is provided, the vent (38) on the bottom surface (59) of the cylinder head Separate a certain distance from the compressed air outlet (70); when two compressed air outlets (70) are provided, the vent (38) of the combustion chamber (4) is basically set at the center position, and the two compressed air outlets are set at the vent Both sides of the mouth (38).
The inter-cooled adiabatic internal combustion engine according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that: on the annular adiabatic inner wall (35) of the combustion chamber (4), there are a number of convex High spiral pattern (36).
The intercooled adiabatic internal combustion engine according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that: on the air outlet pipeline (71) and the air supply pipeline (73) of the intercooler (20) Two shut-off valves (72, 74) are respectively provided. After the internal combustion engine is stopped, the two shut-off valves are controlled to close.