CN102000828B - Metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system and metal atomizing device thereof - Google Patents
Metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system and metal atomizing device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102000828B CN102000828B CN 201010291650 CN201010291650A CN102000828B CN 102000828 B CN102000828 B CN 102000828B CN 201010291650 CN201010291650 CN 201010291650 CN 201010291650 A CN201010291650 A CN 201010291650A CN 102000828 B CN102000828 B CN 102000828B
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system, comprising a metal smelting furnace, a metal hydrogen-discharging and heating furnace, a metal atomizing device, a fluidized bed depolymerization grader, a second precise grader, at least one collector, a filter and a compressor. The invention also provides a metal atomizing device, comprising a crucible, a spray disc, a spray cover and a cylindrical spray cylinder, wherein a circle of evenly distributed inclined holes is respectively arranged on at least two circumferences with different diameters of the spray disc; each inclined hole is provided with a Laval nozzle; and the extension line of each Laval nozzle is intersected with the central axis of the spray disc at the same point. Through the airflow with ultrasonic velocity, ultralow temperature and large velocity pressure generated by the nozzle in the metal atomizing device, the liquid metal or alloy is directly crushed, or rapidly cooled into atomized powder and then depolymerized by a fluidized bed and precisely graded by the precise grader to obtain metal fine powder and ultrafine powder with finer granularity, more even granularity and better granularity sphericity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal ultra micro atomizing and the manufacture, particularly a kind of liquid metals ultra micro atomizing of pulverizing and the production equipment that carries out the ultra-fine grinding classification.
Background technology
Along with simple metal and alloy belong to attritive powder at the new and high technology new material, particularly the application in the new clean energy resource field is increasingly extensive, and a large amount of ultra-fine grain diameters of needs are good less than 10 μ m and spheroidization, simple metal and the alloy powder of even particle size distribution.
At present, the existing in the world most metals fine technology that atomizes has certain problem: the output capacity of micro mist lower (less than 20%～30%), the metal quality flow of equipment is general all less than 1kg/min; Particularly can produce particle diameter less than 10 μ m Ultramicro-powder devices still less.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to: provide a kind of metal ultra micro atomizing to pulverize hierarchy system and metal atomization device thereof, take the inert gas (perhaps nitrogen) of purity as 99.99% as medium, the air-flow of the supersonic speed that produces by metal atomization device inner nozzle, ultralow temperature, large ram compression directly smashes liquid metal or alloy and it is cooled to rapidly atomized powder, carry out fine grading through fluid bed depolymerization and fine grading machine again, can obtain that granularity is thinner, granularity is more even, the better metal fine powder of granularity spheroidization and Ultramicro-powder.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention comprises:
Hierarchy system is pulverized in a kind of metal ultra micro atomizing, it is characterized in that, includes:
Metal smelting-furnace;
Metal row hydrogen heating furnace is connected with this metal smelting-furnace;
The metal atomization device is connected with this metal row hydrogen heating furnace;
Fluid bed depolymerization grader is connected with this metal atomization device;
The second fine grading machine is connected with this fluid bed depolymerization grader;
At least one collector is connected with this second fine grading machine;
Filter is connected with this at least one collector; And,
Compressor, it adopts inert gas or nitrogen as recyclegas, and the input of this compressor links to each other with this filter, and the output of this compressor links to each other with this metal atomization device and this fluid bed depolymerization grader;
And above-mentioned metal atomization device includes crucible, spray dish, spray cap and cylinder cannon spray head, wherein:
This high temperature crucible is positioned at the central part of metal atomization device, and crucible lower central position is provided with aperture;
This spray dish, offer through hole along its central axis, this through hole is with the coaxial setting of above-mentioned aperture and be positioned at this aperture below, the spray dish at least on the circumference of two different-diameters, respectively offer the equally distributed inclined hole of a circle, in each inclined hole position a Laval nozzle is installed, each Laval nozzle links to each other with the output of compressor respectively, the extended line of each Laval nozzle all intersects with the central axis of this spray dish, and the extended line of all Laval nozzles all is intersected in the same point of the central axis of spray dish on should the spray dish;
This spray cap is horn-like, and osculum one end is connected with this spray dish, and a large mouthful end is to downward-extension;
This cylinder cannon spray head is tightly connected with this spray cap.
In a better embodiment, this at least one collector comprises: cyclone collector is connected with this second fine grading machine; And the explosion-proof bag collector of anti-static inflaming-retarding is connected with this cyclone collector.
In a better embodiment, this cylinder cannon spray head bottom is provided with outlet, links to each other with this fluid bed depolymerization grader by this outlet.
In a better embodiment, the Laval nozzle on the different circumference uses respectively different point of intersection in this central axis, and the selection range of this angle is 30～150 °.
In a better embodiment, the parameter of the Laval nozzle on the same circumference is identical, the Mach 2 ship 1.40～4.00 of this Laval nozzle.
In a better embodiment, the input of this compressor also is connected with additional source of the gas.
In a better embodiment, the metal atomization device also carries out Secondary Air by bypass duct with this second fine grading machine and is connected.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention also comprises:
A kind of metal atomization device includes crucible, spray dish, spray cap and cylinder cannon spray head, wherein:
This high temperature crucible is positioned at the central part of metal atomization device, and crucible lower central position is provided with aperture;
This spray dish, offer through hole along its central axis, this through hole is with the coaxial setting of above-mentioned aperture and be positioned at this aperture below, the spray dish at least on the circumference of two different-diameters, respectively offer the equally distributed inclined hole of a circle, in each inclined hole position a Laval nozzle is installed, each Laval nozzle links to each other with the output of compressor respectively, the extended line of each Laval nozzle all intersects with the central axis of this spray dish, and the extended line of all Laval nozzles all is intersected in the same point of the central axis of spray dish on should the spray dish;
This spray cap is horn-like, and osculum one end is connected with this spray dish, and a large mouthful end is to downward-extension;
This cylinder cannon spray head is tightly connected with this spray cap, and this cylinder cannon spray head bottom is provided with outlet.
In a better embodiment, the Laval nozzle on the different circumference uses respectively different point of intersection in this central axis, and the selection range of this angle is 30～150 °.
In a better embodiment, the parameter of the Laval nozzle on the same circumference is identical, the Mach 2 ship 1.40～4.00 of this Laval nozzle.
In a better embodiment, on the outer wall of this spray cap, also be provided with cooling body, this cooling body is provided with the Laval nozzle that links to each other with the output of above-mentioned compressor.
In a better embodiment, on this cylinder cannon spray head, also be provided with safety valve.
The present invention compares with common metal atomization system or device following advantage: the inert gas of system (this equipment uses and is nitrogen) is supersonic flow, and its speed is high, ram compression is large, temperature is low, the air-flow drift angle large and airflow circulating moves continuously, efficient, energy-conservation, safety; Impact strength between high velocity air and liquid metal is high and cooling velocity is fast, liquid metal very easily is atomized, in fluid bed, carry out again simultaneously ultramicro grinding and process through fine grading repeatedly, the micro mist that obtains is thinner than the powder size of other ways, output is higher, meets the active demand of the current new high-tech industries such as clean energy resource development fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of native system;
Fig. 2 is supersonic speed metal ultra micro atomising device schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 A is spray dish front section view;
Fig. 3 B is the elevational schematic view of spray dish;
Fig. 4 is the profile of Laval nozzle.
The specific embodiment
For the present invention can be understood better, describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram that hierarchy system is pulverized in metal ultra micro atomizing provided by the invention.Native system includes:
Metal smelting-furnace 3 provides power supply by metal smelting-furnace power supply 1, and metal (such as metal fine aluminium or other metals and alloy) is melted under anaerobic state through two arrays of electrodes; In the present embodiment, be metallic aluminium (ingot) is molten into liquid state and is injected in the crucible 51 of metal atomization device 5;
Metal row hydrogen heating furnace 4, provide power supply by metal row hydrogen heating furnace power supply 2, and be connected with the output of this metal smelting-furnace 3, metal institute's hydrogen after the fusing and oxygen are discharged, and metal is warming up to the required temperature of atomization metal (among the present invention, it is different that the required temperature of atomization metal and prior art there is no, and therefore, too much do not set forth);
Fluid bed depolymerization grader 6 is connected by the output of pipeline 503 with this metal atomization device 5.This fluid bed depolymerization grader 6 is connected by pipeline 61 with this nitrogen compressor 12.This metal atomization micro mist that produces in the metal atomization device is sent in the fluid bed depolymerization grader 6 together in company with nitrogen, the large ram compression of the inertia supersonic airstream (perhaps nitrogen) by being provided with several Laval nozzles on the fluid bed impacts again, the metal fine powder of adhesion is carried out carrying out fine grading after the depolymerization ultramicro grinding, larger particulate is collected by the collector (not shown) that its below connects, and the metal particle diameter enters the second fine grading machine 7 less than the metal fine powder of (a certain) predetermined value (such as 30 μ m) by conveyance conduit 64, and pipeline 63 is used for annular space winding-up effect;
This second fine grading machine 7, be connected with this fluid bed depolymerization grader 6 by conveyance conduit 64, make the metal fine powder that enters wherein under the acting in conjunction of this conveyance conduit 64 and the Secondary Air of drawing by bypass duct 502 from metal atomization device 5 tops, carry out fine grading, particle diameter is collected by the collector (not shown) that its below connects greater than the metal fine powder of another predetermined value (such as 10 μ m), and all the other metal fine powders are imported in the cyclone collector 8 by its output;
This cyclone collector 8, be connected with the output of this second fine grading machine 7, to screening through qualified metal fine powder after the fine grading, particle diameter is collected in this cyclone collector 8 greater than the metal fine powder of the 3rd predetermined value (such as 3 μ m), and remaining metal fine powder enters next flow process---the explosion-proof bag collector 9 of anti-static inflaming-retarding;
The explosion-proof bag collector 9 of anti-static inflaming-retarding is connected with the output of this cyclone collector 8, and the underproof metal fine powder of screening in the upper flow process is collected, and then nitrogen is sent to next flow process; So far, approximately 99% metal fine powder is collected in fluid bed depolymerization grader 6, the second fine grading machine 7, cyclone collector 8, the explosion-proof bag collector 9 of anti-static inflaming-retarding, satisfy the different size instructions for use, and a small amount of about 1% superfine metal fine powder (general≤0.5 μ m) can enter next flow process;
Filter 10, it is connected with the explosion-proof bag collector 9 of this anti-static inflaming-retarding, and the nitrogen that recycles is filtered, and the nitrogen of clean, low malleation is recycled by pipeline flow-direction compressor 12;
This compressor 12 is for the power of the broken air-flow of metal ultrafine powder constantly is provided; The angle that native system uses from economy is considered, adopt nitrogen as circulation ultramicro power gas, the input of compressor links to each other with filter 10, and the nitrogen that boosts to again rated pressure through compressor 12 flows to atomising device 5 and fluid bed depolymerization grader 6 again from its output again.Out the temperature range of nitrogen enters behind the atomising device by convergent-divergent channel and can form described " ultralow temperature " at 40 ℃～150 ℃ from compressor 12.
This metal ultra micro atomization system liquid towards metal carries out super-fine atomization and obtains the different metal attritive powder and satisfy different user's requests.And provide inert gas (or using nitrogen) air-flow under full closeding state, to recycle.Because inert gas (or nitrogen) constantly consumes, and constantly replenishes again; The input of compressor 12 also is connected with and replenishes source of the gas 121 (such as nitrogen pot etc.).The about magnitude of recruitment of each circulation is 5% of gas transmission total amount according to statistics, and whole system is continuous operation, safe, efficient, energy-conservation.
Wherein:
This high temperature crucible 51 is used for the liquid metal of splendid attire after heating up, and the highest bearing temperature can reach 1900 ℃; High temperature crucible 51 is positioned at the central part of metal atomization device 5, and crucible 51 lower central positions are provided with aperture 511, and liquid metal can be straight down column and flow out from this aperture 511;
Spray is coiled 52 structures shown in Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B, is plate-like, offers through hole 523 along its central axis 520, and this through hole 523 and above-mentioned aperture 511 coaxial settings also are positioned at the below of this aperture 511; Spray dish 52 on the circumference of two different-diameters, respectively offer at least one the circle equally distributed inclined hole 521, in each inclined hole 521 position a Laval nozzle (profile of Laval nozzle is seen Fig. 4) is installed, each Laval nozzle has pipeline to link to each other with the output of compressor 12, and, the more important thing is, the extended line 522 of each Laval nozzle is all crossing with the central axis 520 of this spray dish 52, and the extended line of all Laval nozzles all is intersected in the same point of central axis 520 on this spray dish 52;
In the present embodiment, this spray dish 52 the circumference of two different-diameters be respectively equipped with a plurality of Laval nozzles of gang (this device is provided with 12 Laval nozzles altogether on interior ring, outer shroud, wherein in upper 8 of ring, on the outer shroud 4).Two family's Laval nozzles on these two circumference are intersected in same point on this central axis 520 with two kinds of different angle Q1, Q2 respectively, be 30～150 ° of settings in this angle Q1, the Q2 selection range, and, the parameter of every family Laval nozzle is basic identical, and the Mach number M of Laval nozzle is 1.40～4.00.In the time of this spray dish 52 work, each Laval nozzle becomes the inert gas (or using nitrogen) of the rated pressure that compressor 12 is sent into supersonic flow, supersonic flow is penetrated the axis of spray dish and intersects at joint with liquid metal stream, make supersonic speed, ultralow temperature, the air-flow (the present invention's nitrogen jet current) of large ram compression intensity flows in this abundant exchange of carrying out fierce impact and carrying out energy and heat with the liquid metal of high temperature, causing the pulverizing of high temperature fluent metal stream quilt to atomize and cool off rapidly becomes metal fine powder and Ultramicro-powder, simultaneously fine the stream with nitrogen of atomization metal that is crashed to pieces is together flow in the fluid bed depolymerization grader 6;
Cylinder cannon spray head 54, be tightly connected with this spray cap 53, be used for collecting metal dust, these cylinder cannon spray head 54 bottoms are provided with outlet 541, and link to each other with this fluid bed depolymerization grader 6 by this outlet 541, be used for the metal dust after atomizing is delivered to next process;
This safety valve 55 is arranged on this cylinder cannon spray head 54, is used for when metal atomization device 5 interior pressures surpass design pressure, and releasing pressure automatically guarantees safety;
This bypass valve 56 is arranged on this cylinder cannon spray head 54, and links to each other with above-mentioned bypass duct 502, is used for the form of the barotropic gas in this cylinder cannon spray head 54 with Secondary Air is transported in the second fine grading machine 7, strengthens the precision of secondary fine grading;
This cooling body 57 is arranged on the outer wall of this spray cap 53, and is provided with the Laval nozzle that links to each other with the output of above-mentioned compressor, by-200 ℃ the nitrogen that this Laval nozzle forms, is used for cool metal atomising device 5 when system temperature raises.
Fig. 4 is the profile of Laval nozzle, the inwall curve of this Laval nozzle is Feng according to classics. the Navier-Stokes equation of toll bar-Qian Xuesen curve and viscous fluid, in conjunction with thousands of experimental studies, according to various actual conditions, progressively improvement designs.Laval nozzle after the improvement is through test of many times, and its efficiency of energy utilization significantly improves than general jet pipe.Ten million bar streamline in the fluerics be the airflow direction drift angle poor＜0.1 °～0.3 °, air velocity is poor and temperature difference all less than the Laminar Flow of 1% equal equity line, thereby the jet pipe designed of this method, its raw meal particle size of pulverizing out is thinner, be more evenly distributed, and the spheroidization of metalliferous material is better.
In whole device, except the spray dish is concentrated use two family's Laval nozzles, all used in addition the jet pipe of different Mach number in the winding-up of the cooling of cooling off the annular space winding-up of atomizing cylindrical shell, fluid bed depolymerization grader, two graders, two grader boss rods and many places sealing Mi Gong.The jet pipe that complete set altogether uses nearly six kinds, differ in size nearly 50 more than, the high gas flow speed of its inert gas (or using nitrogen) can reach more than 1500 meter per seconds, minimum gas flow temperature approximately-200 ℃.Make the full device operational efficiency very high, significantly improve than general single spraying pipe or double venturi atomising device efficient, the metal dust average grain diameter can reach below the 10 μ m, and can carry out suitability for industrialized production.
In above-described embodiment, as recyclegas with nitrogen, fine aluminium is atomized, and system of the present invention is atomising device, also can substitute this nitrogen with any inert gas, can also carry out nebulisation operation to other metals, glass or alloy with compressed air, when doing these changes, do not need those skilled in the art to pay any creative work, only need to be according to art technology general knowledge and practical operation experience, can finish under the experiment of limited number of times, therefore, it will not go into details in these concrete variations.
Above explanation is just illustrative for the purpose of the present invention; and nonrestrictive, those of ordinary skills understand, in the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope that claim limits; can make many modifications, variation or equivalence, but all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. hierarchy system is pulverized in a metal ultra micro atomizing, it is characterized in that, includes:
Metal smelting-furnace;
Metal row hydrogen heating furnace is connected with this metal smelting-furnace;
The metal atomization device is connected with this metal row hydrogen heating furnace, and the metal atomization device also carries out Secondary Air by bypass duct with following the second fine grading machine and is connected;
Fluid bed depolymerization grader, be connected with this metal atomization device, particle diameter in the metal atomization micro mist that produces in the metal atomization device is collected by the collector that fluid bed depolymerization grader below connects more than or equal to the metal fine powder of 30 μ m, and the metal particle diameter enters following the second fine grading machine less than the metal fine powder of 30 μ m by conveyance conduit;
This second fine grading machine, be connected with this fluid bed depolymerization grader, make the metal fine powder that enters wherein under the acting in conjunction of this conveyance conduit and the Secondary Air of drawing by bypass duct from metal atomization device top, carry out fine grading, particle diameter is collected by the collector that the second fine grading machine below connects greater than the metal fine powder of 10 μ m, and all the other metal fine powders are imported in the following cyclone collector by its output;
This cyclone collector, be connected with the output of this second fine grading machine, to screening through qualified metal fine powder after the fine grading, particle diameter is collected in this cyclone collector greater than the metal fine powder of 3 μ m, and remaining metal fine powder enters the explosion-proof bag collector of following anti-static inflaming-retarding;
The explosion-proof bag collector of this anti-static inflaming-retarding is connected with the output of this cyclone collector, and the underproof metal fine powder of screening in the upper flow process is collected, and then recyclegas is sent to next flow process;
Filter is connected with the explosion-proof bag collector of this anti-static inflaming-retarding; And,
Compressor, it adopts inert gas or nitrogen as recyclegas, and the input of this compressor links to each other with this filter, and the output of this compressor links to each other with this metal atomization device and this fluid bed depolymerization grader;
And above-mentioned metal atomization device includes high temperature crucible, spray dish, spray cap and cylinder cannon spray head, wherein:
This high temperature crucible is positioned at the central part of metal atomization device, and this high temperature crucible lower central position is provided with aperture;
This spray dish, offer through hole along its central axis, this through hole is with the coaxial setting of above-mentioned aperture and be positioned at this aperture below, the spray dish at least on the circumference of two different-diameters, respectively offer the equally distributed inclined hole of a circle, in each inclined hole position a Laval nozzle is installed, each Laval nozzle links to each other with the output of compressor respectively, the extended line of each Laval nozzle all intersects with the central axis of this spray dish, and the extended line of all Laval nozzles all is intersected in the same point of the central axis of spray dish on should the spray dish;
This spray cap is horn-like, and osculum one end is connected with this spray dish, and a large mouthful end also is provided with cooling body to downward-extension on the outer wall of this spray cap, and this cooling body is provided with the Laval nozzle that links to each other with the output of above-mentioned compressor;
This cylinder cannon spray head is tightly connected with this spray cap.
2. hierarchy system is pulverized in metal ultra micro atomizing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this cylinder cannon spray head bottom is provided with outlet, links to each other with this fluid bed depolymerization grader by this outlet.
3. hierarchy system is pulverized in metal ultra micro atomizing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Laval nozzle on the different circumference uses respectively different point of intersection in this central axis, and the selection range of this angle is 30～150 °.
According to claim 1 or the atomizing of 3 described metal ultra micros pulverize hierarchy systems, it is characterized in that, the parameter of the Laval nozzle on the same circumference is identical, the Mach 2 ship 1.40～4.00 of this Laval nozzle.
5. hierarchy system is pulverized in metal ultra micro atomizing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the input of this compressor also is connected with additional source of the gas.
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| CN 201010291650 CN102000828B (en) | 2010-09-26 | 2010-09-26 | Metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system and metal atomizing device thereof |
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| CN102000828A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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