CN105689728B - A kind of devices and methods therefor producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder - Google Patents
A kind of devices and methods therefor producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN105689728B CN105689728B CN201610087103.5A CN201610087103A CN105689728B CN 105689728 B CN105689728 B CN 105689728B CN 201610087103 A CN201610087103 A CN 201610087103A CN 105689728 B CN105689728 B CN 105689728B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of devices and methods therefors producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, its device includes the inert gas replacement tank installed successively from top to bottom, charging distributing device, plasma heating thawing furnace, nodularization working chamber, fluid bed flash cooler, the method of the present invention is on the basis of using hot plasma nodularization fine metal alloy powder, enter reducibility gas using secondary, the high-temperature powder in nodularization shaping stage is made further to be restored；In the bottom of device, high-temperature powder is quenched using the fluid bed being made of with purpose product spherical metal alloy powder inert gas, by the high heat transfer cooling effect of fluid bed, high-temperature metal alloys powder is cooled rapidly so that batch production is possibly realized；Simultaneously because the cooling means is not related to contact of the high-temperature powder with oxygen carrier, secondary oxygen contamination is avoided, to ensure that the up to standard of oxygen content in product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is combined batch production metal alloy powder by plasma technique with fluid bed fast cooling technology,
It is related to a kind of devices and methods therefor producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, belongs to 3D printing technique field.
Background technology
3D printing (increasing material manufacturing) technology, the 3D printing technique of especially complicated metal component, has become the whole world and most closes
One of emerging technology of note.Compared with traditional process for machining, 3D printing technique is because the geometry not by part limited, is subtracted
Lack expensive expense, shortened that the research and development time, human cost is low, is not necessarily to pre-treatment and aftertreatment technology, becomes one
Very potential technology.In order to obtain good metal alloy drip molding, in addition to the essential conditions such as technique, equipment and software,
Metal alloy powder body material is a key factor.
Alloy powder preparation method mainly has plasma rotating electrode, single rod fast quenching, water atomization and inert gas at present
The advantages of atomization etc., wherein rotary electrode method is product good sphericity, but because of its dynamic equilibrium problems, can only produce 20 mesh or so
Coarse powder；Powder prepared by single rod quick quenching technique is mostly irregular shape, impurity content height；Water atomization due to cooling rate too
Soon, there is easily cause too high oxygen level during micro mist is in irregular shape and sphericity is bad and product；Although inertia
The sphericity of gas atomization production product improves a lot, and the rate of production of fine powder is higher, but the sphericity of its product cannot still expire
The requirement of sufficient 3D printing, it is still necessary to which selected to spherical product therein progress, difficulty is larger.In recent years, it has been proposed that using etc.
The method that ion body method carries out nodularization forming to irregular metal or alloy fine powder, but there are two problems to never have very
It solves well：(1) metallic particles is quickly cooled down problem.Powder product of the main method using wall water leg to high temperature at present
It is cooled down, efficiency is very low, poor effect.Make production yields very little, can be only sustained within 100g/min, it is difficult to be set
Standby amplification and mass production.(2) product oxygen content problem is reduced.High temperature feature based on plasma, in working gas
Middle addition reducibility gas restores the oxygen in metal original powder, but not enough thoroughly, moreover due to the cooling of product powder
Problem, majority have still selected water Quench, have caused secondary oxygen contamination.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve the problems, such as current technology, provides a kind of production 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder
Devices and methods therefor, it can enable the oxygen in metal to thoroughly remove, and produce product in batches, and it is dirty to can avoid secondary oxygen
Dye.
The present invention is achieved by the following scheme：
A kind of device producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, it includes the indifferent gas installed successively from top to bottom
Body displacement tank, charging distributing device, plasma heating thawing furnace, nodularization working chamber, fluid bed flash cooler, the charging cloth
Glassware, plasma heating thawing furnace, nodularization working chamber and fluid bed flash cooler are sequentially coaxially installed.
The lower part of the inert gas replacement tank is equipped with inert gas import, and upper lateral part is equipped with inert gas outlet, top
Mouth is added equipped with metal alloy powders raw material, the quantity of the inert gas replacement tank is 1 or 1 or more.
It is equipped with working gas import among the top of the charging distributing device, intermediate side is equipped with protective gas import, institute
It states inert gas import and working gas import communicates.
Nodularization working chamber top is set there are four the cooling reducing gas inlet tube being distributed uniformly and circumferentially, described
The inner wall of nodularization working chamber is lined with heat safe refractory material.
It is the metal alloy spherical powder product particle in fluidized state inside the fluid bed flash cooler, inside buries
Equipped with coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler, the lower part of side wall is equipped with metal alloy fine powder products export, and lower part is equipped with inertia
Fluidisation gas inlet and distributor pipe, bottom are exported equipped with bulky grain byproduct, and upper lateral part is equipped with gas discharge outlet, the gas row
Export circumferentially uniform radial distribution four.
The plasma heating thawing furnace uses DC arc plasma generator, or diffusion arc-plasma
Generator or induction plasma generator.
The fluid bed flash cooler is by inert gas as fluidizing gas medium, product minute spherical metal alloy
The fluid bed of powder fluidization granule medium.
Preferably, the structure of the plasma heating thawing furnace is done suitable according to the type of used plasma generator
When adjustment；Its power is 50~1000kW, and according to the size of the property of original powder material and production capacity to its practical operation
Power is adjusted in real time.
Preferably, 1.5 times of the plasma heating thawing furnace internal diameter square thereon such as internal diameter of the nodularization working chamber~
2.0 times, height is 0.5m~1.5m.
Preferably, the cooling reducing gas inlet tube is away from 0.05m~0.25m at the top of nodularization working chamber, and with nodularization at
The tangent line of shape chamber outer wall at 30o~40o angle, the diameter of a circle that four cooling reducing gas inlet tube front ends are constituted be etc.
1.2 times~1.4 times of gas ions heating and melting stove internal diameter, a diameter of φ 10mm~φ 25mm of cooling reducing gas inlet tube.
Preferably, the cooling reducing gas inlet tube shapes chamber outer wall away from 0.20m at the top of nodularization working chamber, and with nodularization
Tangent line be 35o angle, the diameter of a circle that four cooling reducing gas inlet tube front ends are constituted melts for plasma heating
Change stove internal diameter 1.4 times, a diameter of φ 14mm of cooling reducing gas inlet tube.
Preferably, the internal diameter of the fluid bed flash cooler is φ 1.5m~φ 3.0m, is highly 2.0m~3.0m；Its
The height for the fluid bed that middle metal alloy spherical powder product particle is formed is done according to yield size within the scope of 0.5m~2.0m
Corresponding adjustment；It is situated between as heat is moved using recirculated cooling water in coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler in fluid bed flash cooler
Matter, heat exchange area 100m2~300m2。
A method of 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder being produced using above-mentioned apparatus, is included the following steps：
It is that 0.5 μm of -100 μm of purpose metal alloy powders raw material is lazy through the addition mouth addition of metal alloy powders raw material by granularity
In property gas displacement tank, inert gas is passed through into line replacement through inert gas import, makes the inert gas of inert gas replacement tank
Oxygen content is less than 0.01% in the gas of outlet out, closes the valve of inert gas import and the valve of inert gas outlet.
It is passed through working gas and protective gas into charging distributing device, plasma electrical source is opened, makes plasma heating
Plasma torch is generated in thawing furnace, opens the valve of inert gas import, is carry metal alloy powders raw material and is entered charging cloth
In glassware, metal alloy powders raw material be evenly dispersed by the indoor plasmatorch of melting of plasma heating thawing furnace
In so that metal alloy powders feedstock portions melt or melt surface, and oxide contained in particle is also by going back in work gas
The partial reduction of originality gas institute, then, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber, during landing and rapid cooling, according to
Make particle englobement by the surface tension of point molten metal；At the same time, unreacted oxygen is restored by cooling in particle
The reducibility gas that gas inlet tube enters further is reacted and is removed, and the powder granule of cooling solidification then falls into lower section
Fluid bed flash cooler, by with wherein be in fluidized state the lower metal alloy spherical powder product particle of temperature
Direct heat transfer is carried out, is quickly cooled to 100 DEG C hereinafter, the discharge valve quilt for passing through metal alloy spherical shape fine powder products export
Accomplished continuously or intermittently release the selected process of particle into next step.
Larger particle sinks to fluidized-bed bottom due to that cannot be fluidized, and can be drawn off through the discharge port of bottom.Inertia stream
Change gas by the fluidisation gas inlet and distributor pipe of fluid bed flash cooler lower part into fluidized bed, by minute spherical therein
Particle blows afloat and is at fluidized state, escapes the gas of fluidized-bed layer together with the gas that top enters, is arranged by gas
Outlet enters subsequent gas solid separation process, and the gas after separation returns to the fluidisation of fluidized-bed bottom through gas transportation facilities
Gas feed and distributor pipe and recycle.
The working gas entered in charging distributing device is to contain 1%~5% hydrogen or CO in argon gas or argon gas
The gaseous mixture of gas.
It is described to be into protective gas in the distributing device that feeds and into the non-reactive fluidizing gas of fluidized bed flash cooler
Argon gas.
The also Primordial Qi into nodularization working chamber is the gaseous mixture containing 1%~5% hydrogen or CO gas in argon gas.
Preferably, the gas velocity of gaseous mixture is 20m/s~80m/s. in the cooling reducing gas inlet tube
Preferably, the void tower operating gas velocity in the fluid bed flash cooler is the fluidized particles incipient fluidizing velocity
3.0 times~5.0 times.
The present invention has the advantages that following notable compared with prior art：
(1) in the metal alloy powder landing condensation process of melt surface, by being passed through secondary reduction gas, make still to locate
It is further restored in the powder of the nodularization shaping stage of high temperature so that the oxygen in metal can thoroughly remove.(2) fluid bed is used
High-temperature metal alloys powder is quenched, by the high heat transfer cooling effect of fluid bed, a large amount of high-temperature metal alloys powders
It will be cooled rapidly so that batch production is possibly realized.(3) since quenching process is not related to connecing for high-temperature powder and oxygen carrier
It touches, also avoids secondary oxygen contamination, ensure that the up to standard of oxygen content in product.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention A-A to sectional view；
Fig. 3 is invention device B-B direction sectional view；
Each part numbers explanation in figure：
1, inert gas replacement tank；2, feed distributing device；3, plasma heating thawing furnace；4, nodularization working chamber；5, it flows
Change bed flash cooler；6, working gas import；7 and protective gas import；8, cooling reducing gas inlet tube；9, gas is arranged
Outlet；10, metal alloy spherical powder product particle；11, coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler；12, fluidisation gas inlet and point
Stringing；13, bulky grain byproduct exports；14, metal alloy spherical shape fine powder products export；15, inert gas import；16,
Inert gas outlet；17, mouth is added in metal alloy powders raw material.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of device producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder of the invention, it is characterized in that it
Including install successively from top to bottom inert gas replacement tank (1), charging distributing device (2), plasma heating thawing furnace (3),
Nodularization working chamber (4), fluid bed flash cooler (5), the charging distributing device (2), plasma heating thawing furnace (3), ball
Change working chamber (4) and fluid bed flash cooler (5) is sequentially coaxially installed.
The lower part of the inert gas replacement tank (1) is equipped with inert gas import (15), and upper lateral part goes out equipped with inert gas
Mouth (16), top are equipped with metal alloy powders raw material and mouth (17) are added, and the quantity of the inert gas replacement tank (1) is 1 or 1
More than a.
It is described charging distributing device (2) top among be equipped with working gas import (6), intermediate side be equipped with protective gas into
Mouth (7), the inert gas import (15) and working gas import (6) communicate.
Nodularization working chamber (4) top is equipped with 4 cooling reducing gas inlet tubes being distributed uniformly and circumferentially
(8), the inner wall of the nodularization working chamber (4) is lined with heat safe refractory material.
It is the metal alloy spherical powder particle (10) in fluidized state inside the fluid bed flash cooler (5),
And it is embedded with coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11), the lower part of side wall is equipped with metal alloy spherical shape fine powder products export
(14), lower part is equipped with non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe (12), and bottom is equipped with bulky grain byproduct and exports (13), upper lateral part
Equipped with gas discharge outlet (9), the gas discharge outlet (9) circumferentially uniform radial distribution four.
The plasma heating thawing furnace (3) uses DC arc plasma generator, or diffusion electric arc etc. from
Daughter generator or induction plasma generator.
The fluid bed flash cooler (5) is by inert gas as fluidizing gas medium, product minute spherical metal
The fluid bed of alloy powder fluidized particles medium.
The structure of the plasma heating thawing furnace (3) is done appropriate according to the type of used plasma generator
Adjustment；Its power is 50~1000kW, and according to the size of the property of original powder material and production capacity to its practical operation power
It is adjusted in real time.
1.5 times of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) internal diameter square thereon such as internal diameter of the nodularization working chamber (4)~
2.0 times, height is 0.5m~1.5m.
The cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) shapes away from 0.05m~0.25m at the top of nodularization working chamber (4), and with nodularization
The tangent line of room (4) outer wall is at 30o~40o, the most preferably angle of 35o, four cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end institute structures
At diameter of a circle be 1.2 times~1.4 times of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) internal diameter.Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8)
A diameter of φ 10mm~φ 25mm.
Preferably, the cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) shapes away from 0.20m at the top of nodularization working chamber (4), and with nodularization
The tangent line of room (4) outer wall be 35o angle, the diameter of a circle that four cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front ends are constituted for etc.
1.4 times of gas ions heating and melting stove (3) internal diameter, a diameter of φ 14mm of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8).
The internal diameter of the fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.5m~φ 3.0m, is highly 2.0m~3.0m；It is wherein golden
The height for belonging to the fluid bed that alloy spherical powder product particle (10) is formed is done according to yield size within the scope of 0.5m~2.0m
Corresponding adjustment；Made using recirculated cooling water in coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) in fluid bed flash cooler (5)
To move thermal medium, heat exchange area 100m2~300m2。
The 3D printing method of metal alloy spherical powder is produced using above-mentioned apparatus, is included the following steps：
It is that 0.5 μm of -100 μm of purpose metal alloy powders raw material adds through metal alloy powders raw material addition mouth (17) by granularity
Enter in inert gas replacement tank (1), is passed through inert gas into line replacement through inert gas import (15), makes inert gas replacement tank
(1) oxygen content is less than 0.01% in the gas that inert gas outlet (16) comes out, and closes the valve of inert gas import (15)
With the valve of inert gas outlet (16).
It is passed through working gas and protective gas into charging distributing device (2), opens plasma electrical source, plasma is made to add
Generate plasma torch in hot thawing furnace (3), open the valve of inert gas import (15), carry metal alloy powders raw material into
Enter in the distributing device that feeds (2), metal alloy powders raw material be evenly dispersed by the meltings of plasma heating thawing furnace (3)
In indoor plasmatorch so that metal alloy powders feedstock portions melt or melt surface, oxide contained in particle
By the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas, then, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber (4), landing and it is fast
During prompt drop temperature, by the surface tension particle englobement of point molten metal；At the same time, unreacted oxygen in particle
It is removed by further reaction by the reducibility gas entered by cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8), the powder of cooling solidification
Body particle then fall into lower section fluid bed flash cooler (5), by with wherein be in fluidized state the lower gold of temperature
Belong to alloy spherical powder product particle (10) and carry out direct heat transfer, is quickly cooled to 100 DEG C hereinafter, by metal alloy spherical shape
The discharge valve of fine powder products export (14) is accomplished continuously or intermittently released the selected process of particle into next step.
Larger particle sinks to fluidized-bed bottom due to that cannot be fluidized, and can be drawn off through the discharge port of bottom.Inertia stream
Change gas by the import distributor pipe (12) of fluid bed flash cooler (5) lower part into fluidized bed, by minute spherical therein
Grain blows afloat and is at fluidized state, escapes the gas of fluidized-bed layer together with the gas that top enters, is discharged by gas
Mouthful (9) enter subsequent gas solid separation process, the gas after separation through gas transportation facilities back to fluidized-bed bottom into
Mouthful distributor pipe (12) and recycle；
The working gas entered in charging distributing device (2) is to contain 1%~5% hydrogen in argon gas or argon gas
Or the gaseous mixture of CO gas.
It is described to enter protective gas and the non-reactive fluidizing gas into fluidized bed flash cooler (5) in charging distributing device (2)
Body is argon gas.
The also Primordial Qi for entering nodularization working chamber (4) is the mixing containing 1%~5% hydrogen or CO gas in argon gas
Gas.
The gas velocity of gaseous mixture is 20m/s~80m/s in the cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8).
Void tower operating gas velocity in the fluid bed flash cooler (5) is the 3.0 of the fluidized particles incipient fluidizing velocity
Times~5.0 times.
The structure type of the charging distributing device (2) is done appropriate according to the form difference of the plasma generator of lower section
Adjustment, so that original powder is uniformly distributed in the plasmatorch of lower section.
It is below specific embodiments of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to content described in following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Using 100 mesh of water spray method production and more tiny 316L powder of stainless steel as raw material, the ball of 20 μm -80 μm of production
Shape 316L stainless steel powder products, yield 80kg/h.
The present embodiment direct-current arc induction plasma generator, maximum power 800kW, actual power is adjusted in production
For 500kW.1.6 times of 3 internal diameter of plasma heating thawing furnace square thereon such as internal diameter of nodularization working chamber (4), height are
1.0m；Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is located at away from four in 0.10m, with nodularization working chamber (4) at the top of nodularization working chamber (4)
The diameter of a circle that cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end is constituted is 1.3 times of plasma heating melting furnace internal diameter.It is cooling
A diameter of φ 12mm of reducing gas inlet tube (8).The internal diameter of fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.5m, is highly 2.5m.
The heat exchange area of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) is 175m2。
500kg316L stainless steel powders powder stock is weighed to set through metal alloy powders raw material addition mouth (17) addition inert gas
It changes in tank (1), opens the valve of the valve and inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas import (15), adjust the stream of inlet gas argon gas
Amount is that 10l/min is passed through inert gas into line replacement, and the inert gas for starting to detect inert gas replacement tank (1) after ten minutes goes out
Oxygen content in gas that mouth (16) comes out closes the valve and indifferent gas of inert gas import (15) when it is less than 0.01%
Body exports the valve of (16).
20 μm of -80 μm of spherical powder products of 316L stainless steels are dosed into fluid bed flash cooler (5), make its fixed bed
Layer height reaches 1.0m.
It is passed through working gas and protective gas into charging distributing device (2), working gas is argon gas, flow 300l/
min；Protective gas is argon gas, flow 30l/min.The valve for opening cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8), adjusts argon gas and hydrogen
The flow of gas so that argon content is 98.0% in gaseous mixture, and it is made to be uniformly distributed in four cooling reducing gas inlet tubes 8
In, the gas velocity in each cooling reducing gas inlet tube 8 reaches 50m/s.
The valve of non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe import (12) is opened, the stream into inert gas argon gas is adjusted
Amount, it is 4.0 times of 50 μm of spherical powder product incipient fluidizing velocities of 316L stainless steels to make the empty tower gas velocity in fluid bed, about
0.5m/s.The valve of gas discharge outlet (9) is opened, subsequent separation and gas-circulating system power-equipment is opened, makes indifferent gas
Body, which is realized, to be recycled and operates.Into fluidized bed flash cooler (5) non-reactive fluidizing gas by 10 μm of -80 μm of 316L not
Rust steel ball shape powder bed, and fluidized.Open the inlet valve and outlet valve of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11)
Door, and adjust cooling water flow and reach 30m3/h。
Plasma electrical source is opened, makes to generate plasma torch in plasma heating thawing furnace (3).Open inert gas
The valve of import (15), the flow for adjusting argon gas is 3l/min, so that argon gas is carry metal alloy powders raw material and enters charging cloth
In glassware (2).By the distributing device (2) that feeds, metal alloy powders raw material is melted with being evenly dispersed by plasma heating
In the plasmatorch of the heating melter of stove (3) so that metal alloy powders feedstock portions melt or melt surface, metallic particles
Contained in oxide by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas.Then, metallic particles enters nodularization working chamber (4)
In, during landing and rapid cooling, make particle englobement by the surface tension of point molten metal.At the same time,
Unreacted oxygen is by clear by further react of reducibility gas of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) entrance in metallic particles
It removes.The metal powder particles of cooling solidification then fall into lower section fluid bed flash cooler (5), by be wherein in
The lower metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) of temperature of fluidized state carries out direct heat transfer, is quickly cooled to 100
DEG C or less.Into next step is accomplished continuously or intermittently released by the valve of metal alloy spherical shape fine powder products export (14)
The selected process of grain.Every 30min, the valve for opening bulky grain byproduct outlet (13) is primary, releases the bulky grain for being deposited on bottom
Byproduct.
The product of the present embodiment production and the performance indicator comparative situation of original powder see attached list 1, wherein Hall speed representation
Mobility applied to powder granule in 3D printing.
Embodiment 2
Using 100 mesh of inert gas spray-on process production and more tiny Ti6Al4V alloy powders as raw material, 20 μm of production-
80 μm of spherical Ti6Al4V alloy powders product, yield 100kg/h.
The present embodiment uses induction plasma generator, and maximum power 1000kW, actual power is adjusted in production
500kW-800kW.1.8 times of 3 internal diameter of plasma heating thawing furnace square thereon such as internal diameter of nodularization working chamber (4) are high
Degree is 1.3m；Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is located at away from 4 in 0.20m, with nodularization working chamber (4) at the top of nodularization working chamber (4)
The diameter of a circle that a cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end is constituted is 1.4 times of plasma heating melting furnace internal diameter.It is cold
But a diameter of φ 14mm of reducing gas inlet tube (8).The internal diameter of fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.8m, is highly
3.0m.The heat exchange area of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) is 200m2.
It weighs 500kgTi6Al4V alloy powders raw material and mouth (17) addition inert gas is added through metal alloy powders raw material
In displacement tank (1), the valve of the valve and inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas import (15) is opened, adjusts inlet gas argon gas
Flow is that 10l/min is passed through inert gas into line replacement, starts the inert gas for detecting inert gas replacement tank (1) after ten minutes
Oxygen content in the gas that (16) come out is exported, when it is less than 0.01%, closes the valve and inertia of inert gas import (15)
The valve of gas vent (16).
20 μm of -80 μm of purpose spherical shape Ti6Al4V alloy powder products are dosed into fluid bed flash cooler (5), make it
Fixed bed height reaches 1.0m.
It is passed through working gas and protective gas into charging distributing device (2), working gas is argon gas, flow 300l/
min；Protective gas is argon gas, flow 30l/min.Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) valve is opened, argon gas and hydrogen are adjusted
Flow so that argon content is 98.0% in gaseous mixture, and it is made to be uniformly distributed in four cooling reducing gas inlet tubes (8)
In, the gas velocity in each inlet tube reaches 50m/s.
The valve of non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe import (12) is opened, the stream into inert gas argon gas is adjusted
Amount, it is 3.0 times of 50 μm of spherical shape Ti6Al4V alloy powder product incipient fluidizing velocities to make the empty tower gas velocity in fluid bed, about
0.40m/s.The valve of gas discharge outlet (9) is opened, subsequent separation and gas-circulating system power-equipment is opened, makes indifferent gas
Body, which is realized, to be recycled and operates.Non-reactive fluidizing gas into fluidized bed flash cooler (5) passes through 10 μm -100 μm of ball
Shape Ti6Al4V alloy powder beds, and fluidized.It opens the inlet valve of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) and goes out
Mouth valve, and adjust cooling water flow and reach 30m3/h。
Plasma electrical source is opened, makes to generate plasma torch in plasma heating thawing furnace (3).Open inert gas
The valve of import (15), the flow for adjusting argon gas is 3l/min, so that argon gas is carry metal alloy powders raw material and enters charging cloth
In device (2).By feed distributing device (2), metal alloy powders raw material be evenly dispersed by plasma heating thawing furnace
(3) in the plasmatorch of heating melter so that Ti6Al4V alloy powder feedstock portions melt or melt surface, in particle
Contained oxide is by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas.Then, powder granule enters nodularization working chamber (4)
In, during landing and rapid cooling, make particle englobement by the surface tension of point molten metal.At the same time,
It is removed by unreacted oxygen is further reacted by the reducibility gas entered by cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) in particle.
The powder granule of cooling solidification then fall into lower section fluid bed flash cooler (5), by with wherein be in fluidisation shape
The lower metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) of temperature of state carries out direct heat transfer, is quickly cooled to 100 DEG C or less.
It is selected by the particle of accomplished continuously or intermittently releasing into next step by the valve of metal alloy spherical shape fine powder products export (14)
Process.Every 30min, the valve for opening bulky grain byproduct outlet (13) is primary, releases the bulky grain byproduct for being deposited on bottom.
The product of the present embodiment production and the performance indicator comparative situation of raw material see attached list 1.
Embodiment 3
Using the Titanium powder less than 100 mesh of inert gas spray-on process production as raw material, the spherical shape of 20 μm -80 μm of production
Titanium powder product, yield 120kg/h.
The present embodiment is using diffusion arc plasma generator, maximum power 1000kW, actual power tune in production
Section is 500kW-600kW.1.8 times of the plasma heating melting furnace internal diameter square thereon such as internal diameter of nodularization working chamber (4),
Height is 1.2m；Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is located at away from 0.15m at the top of nodularization working chamber (4), with nodularization working chamber (4)
In the diameter of a circle that is constituted of four cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front ends be the 1.25 of plasma heating thawing furnace internal diameter
Times.A diameter of φ 10mm of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8).The internal diameter of fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.3m, height
For 2.2m.The heat exchange area of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) is 250m2.
It weighs 500kg metallic titanium powders powder stock and mouth (17) addition inert gas replacement tank is added through metal alloy powders raw material
(1) in, the valve of the valve and inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas import (15) is opened, the flow for adjusting inlet gas argon gas is
10l/min is passed through inert gas into line replacement, starts the inert gas outlet for detecting inert gas replacement tank (1) after ten minutes
(16) oxygen content in gas out closes the valve and inert gas of inert gas import (15) when it is less than 0.01%
Export the valve of (16).
The spherical metal titanium valve that 20 μm -80 μm are dosed into fluid bed flash cooler (5) makes its fixed bed height reach
To 1.2m.
It is passed through working gas and protective gas into charging distributing device (2), working gas is argon gas, flow 250l/
min；Protective gas is argon gas, flow 20l/min.Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) valve is opened, argon gas and hydrogen are adjusted
Flow so that argon content is 97.0% in gaseous mixture, and it is made to be uniformly distributed in four cooling reducing gas inlet tubes (8)
In, the gas velocity in each cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) reaches 60m/s.
The valve of non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe import (12) is opened, the stream into inert gas argon gas is adjusted
Amount, it is 5.0 times of 50 μm of spherical metal titanium valve body incipient fluidizing velocities, about 0.6m/s to make the empty tower gas velocity in fluid bed.It opens
The valve of gas discharge outlet (9) is opened, subsequent separation and gas-circulating system power-equipment is opened, inert gas is made to realize cycle
It uses and operates.Into fluidized bed flash cooler (5) non-reactive fluidizing gas by Titanium spherical powder bed, and flowed
Change is got up.The inlet valve and outlet valve of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) are opened, and adjusts cooling water flow and reaches
30m3/h。
Plasma electrical source is opened, makes to generate plasma torch in plasma heating thawing furnace (3).Open inert gas
The valve of import (15), the flow for adjusting argon gas is 5l/min, so that argon gas is carry metal alloy powders raw material and enters charging cloth
In device (2).By the distributing device (2) that feeds, powder raw material be evenly dispersed by the heating of plasma heating thawing furnace (3)
In the plasmatorch of melter so that metal alloy powders feedstock portions melt or melt surface, oxide contained in particle
By the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas.Then, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber (4), landing and it is fast
During prompt drop temperature, make particle englobement by the surface tension of point molten metal.At the same time, unreacted in particle
Oxygen is removed by further reaction by the reducibility gas entered by cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8).Cooling solidification
Powder granule then falls into the fluid bed flash cooler (5) of lower section, by lower with the temperature wherein in fluidized state
Metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) carries out direct heat transfer, is quickly cooled to 100 DEG C or less.Pass through metal alloy ball
The valve of shape fine powder products export (14) is accomplished continuously or intermittently released the selected process of particle into next step.Every 30min,
The valve for opening bulky grain byproduct outlet (13) is primary, releases the bulky grain byproduct for being deposited on bottom.
The product of the present embodiment production and the performance indicator comparative situation of original powder see attached list 1.
1 properties of product contrast table of table
Claims (4)
1. a kind of device producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that it includes installing successively from top to bottom
Inert gas replacement tank（1）, charging distributing device（2）, plasma heating thawing furnace（3）, nodularization working chamber（4）, fluid bed it is fast
Fast cooler（5）, the charging distributing device（2）, plasma heating thawing furnace（3）, nodularization working chamber（4）It is quick with fluid bed
Cooler（5）Sequentially coaxially install；
The inert gas replacement tank（1）Lower part be equipped with inert gas import（15）, upper lateral part is equipped with inert gas outlet
（16）, top is equipped with metal alloy powders raw material and mouth is added（17）, the inert gas replacement tank（1）Quantity be 1 or 1
More than；
The charging distributing device（2）Top among be equipped with working gas import（6）, intermediate side is equipped with protective gas import
（7）, the inert gas import（15）With working gas import（6）It communicates；
The nodularization working chamber（4）Top sets that there are four the cooling reducing gas inlet tubes that are distributed uniformly and circumferentially（8）, institute
State nodularization working chamber（4）Inner wall be lined with heat safe refractory material；
The fluid bed flash cooler（5）Inside is the metal alloy spherical powder product particle in fluidized state（10）,
Inside it is embedded with coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler（11）, the lower part of side wall is equipped with metal alloy spherical shape fine powder products export
（14）, lower part is equipped with non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe（12）, bottom is exported equipped with bulky grain byproduct（13）, upper lateral part
Equipped with gas discharge outlet（9）, the gas discharge outlet（9）Circumferentially uniform radial distribution four；
The plasma heating thawing furnace（3）Using diffusion arc plasma generator；
The fluid bed flash cooler（5）For by inert gas as fluidizing gas medium, product be minute spherical metal close
Fluid bed of the bronze body fluidized particles as medium；
The plasma heating thawing furnace（3）Structure tune appropriate is done according to the type of used plasma generator
It is whole；Its power be 50~1000kW, and according to the size of the property of original powder material and production capacity to its practical operation power into
Row adjustment in real time；
The nodularization working chamber（4）The plasma heating thawing furnace square thereon such as internal diameter（3）1.5 times of internal diameter~2.0 times,
Its height is 0.5m~1.5m；
The cooling reducing gas inlet tube（8）Away from nodularization working chamber（4）Top 0.20m, and with nodularization working chamber（4）Outer wall
Tangent line is 35oAngle, four cooling reducing gas inlet tubes（8）The diameter of a circle that front end is constituted melts for plasma heating
Change stove（3）1.4 times of internal diameter, cooling reducing gas inlet tube（8）A diameter of φ 14mm；
The fluid bed flash cooler（5）Internal diameter be φ 1.5m~φ 3.0m, be highly 2.0m~3.0m；Wherein metal closes
Gold goal shape powder product particle（10）The height of the fluid bed of formation is done accordingly according to yield size within the scope of 0.5m~2.0m
Adjustment；Fluid bed flash cooler（5）Interior coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler（11）Interior be used as using recirculated cooling water is moved
Thermal medium, heat exchange area 100m2~300m2。
2. a kind of method producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder using claim 1 described device, characterized in that packet
Include following steps：
It is that mouth is added through metal alloy powders raw material in 0.5 μm of -100 μm of purpose metal alloy powders raw material by granularity（17）It is added
Inert gas replacement tank（1）In, through inert gas import（15）Inert gas is passed through into line replacement, makes inert gas replacement tank
（1）Inert gas outlet（16）Oxygen content is less than 0.01% in gas out, closes inert gas import（15）Valve and
Inert gas outlet（16）Valve；
To charging distributing device（2）In be passed through working gas and protective gas, open plasma electrical source, plasma heating made to melt
Change stove（3）Middle generation plasma torch opens inert gas import（15）Valve, carry metal alloy powders raw material enter plus
Expect distributing device（2）In, metal alloy powders raw material be evenly dispersed by plasma heating thawing furnace（3）Melter in
Plasmatorch in so that metal alloy powders feedstock portions melt or melt surface, and oxide contained in particle is also by work
Make the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in gas, then, powder granule enters nodularization working chamber（4）In, in landing and rapid drop
In the process of temperature, by the surface tension particle englobement of point molten metal；At the same time, unreacted oxygen is led in particle
Supercooling reducing gas inlet tube（8）The reducibility gas of entrance is further reacted and is removed, the powder of cooling solidification
Grain then falls into the fluid bed flash cooler of lower section（5）, by being closed with the lower metal of temperature for being wherein in fluidized state
Gold goal shape powder product particle（10）Direct heat transfer is carried out, is quickly cooled to 100 DEG C hereinafter, fine by metal alloy spherical shape
Powder product exports（14）Discharge valve by accomplished continuously or intermittently release into next step the selected process of particle；
Larger particle sinks to fluidized-bed bottom due to that cannot be fluidized, and can be drawn off through the discharge port of bottom, non-reactive fluidizing gas
Body is by fluid bed flash cooler（5）The fluidisation gas inlet and distributor pipe of lower part（12）It, will be therein fine into fluidized bed
Spheric granules blows afloat and is at fluidized state, escapes the gas of fluidized-bed layer together with the gas that top enters, passes through gas
Body outlet（9）Into subsequent gas solid separation process, the gas after separation returns to fluid bed bottom through gas transportation facilities
The fluidisation gas inlet and distributor pipe in portion（12）And it recycles；
It is described to enter charging distributing device（2）In working gas be to contain 1%~5% hydrogen or CO gas in argon gas or argon gas
Gaseous mixture；
It is described to enter charging distributing device（2）Middle protective gas and into fluidized bed flash cooler（5）Non-reactive fluidizing gas it is equal
For argon gas；
It is described to enter nodularization working chamber（4）Also Primordial Qi be argon gas in the gaseous mixture containing 1%~5% hydrogen or CO gas.
3. the method for production 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the cooling is also
Raw-gas inlet tube（8）The gas velocity of middle gaseous mixture is 20m/s~80m/s.
4. the method for production 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the fluid bed is fast
Fast cooler（5）In void tower operating gas velocity be 3.0 times~5.0 times of the fluidized particles incipient fluidizing velocity.
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