CN105689728A - Device and method of producing metal alloy spherical powder for 3D printing - Google Patents
Device and method of producing metal alloy spherical powder for 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105689728A CN105689728A CN201610087103.5A CN201610087103A CN105689728A CN 105689728 A CN105689728 A CN 105689728A CN 201610087103 A CN201610087103 A CN 201610087103A CN 105689728 A CN105689728 A CN 105689728A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and method of producing metal alloy spherical powder for 3D printing. The device comprises an inert gas replacement tank, a charging and distributing device, a plasma heating melting furnace, a spheroidizing forming chamber and a fluidized bed quick cooler which are sequentially installed from top to bottom. According to the method of producing the metal alloy spherical powder for 3D printing, on the basis of spheroidizing of micro metal alloy powder through hot plasma, high-temperature powder in the spheroidizing forming stage is made to be further reduced by secondary injecting of reduction gas; the high-temperature powder is subjected to shock cooling through a fluidized bed formed by inert gases and spherical metal alloy powder of the target product at the bottom of the device, and depending on the super-high heat transferring and cooling functions of the fluidized bed, the high-temperature metal alloy powder is cooled quickly, so that batch production is achieved; meanwhile, due to the fact that the high-temperature powder does not make contact with oxygen bearing objects through the cooling method, secondary oxygen contamination is avoided, and accordingly the effect that the oxygen content of the product reaches the standard is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is combined with fluid bed fast cooling technology batch production metal alloy powder body by plasma technique, relates to a kind of devices and methods therefor producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, belongs to 3D printing technique field。
Background technology
3D prints (increasing material manufacture) technology, the 3D printing technique of especially complicated hardware, has become as one of global emerging technology paid close attention to most。Compared with traditional process for machining, 3D printing technique because of not geometry by part limited, decreased the expense of costliness, shortened the research and development time, human cost is low, without pre-treatment and aftertreatment technology so that it is become a very potential technology。In order to obtain the metal alloy drip molding of high-quality, except the essential condition such as technique, equipment and software, metal alloy powder body material is a key factor。
Current alloy powder preparation method mainly has plasma rotating electrode, single rod fast quenching, water atomization and inert gas atomizer method etc., and wherein the advantage of rotary electrode method is product good sphericity, but because of its dynamic equilibrium problems, can only produce the coarse powder about 20 orders；Powder prepared by single rod quick quenching technique mostly is irregularly shaped, impurity content is high；Water atomization is too fast due to cooling rate, also exists and easily causes that micropowder is in irregular shape and sphericity is bad, and the shortcoming of too high oxygen level in product；Although the sphericity that inert gas atomizer method produces product improves a lot, the rate of production of fine powder is higher, but the sphericity of its product still can not meet the 3D requirement printed, it is still necessary to carrying out selected to spherical product therein, difficulty is bigger。In recent years, it has been proposed that the method that irregular metal or alloy fine powder are carried out nodularization shaping by using plasma method, but have two problems never to solve well: (1) metallic particles quickly cooled down problem。Currently mainly adopting the method for wall water leg that the powder product of high temperature is cooled down, efficiency is very low, poor effect。Make production yields only small, within can be only sustained at 100g/min, it is difficult to carry out amplification and the mass production of equipment。(2) product oxygen content problem is reduced。Based on the high temperature feature of plasma, working gas adds reducibility gas the oxygen in metal raw powder is reduced, but thorough all not, furthermore due to the cooling problem of product powder body, majority still have selected water Quench, causes secondary oxygen contamination。
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves Problems existing in current technology, it is provided that a kind of devices and methods therefor producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, it can make the oxygen in metal thoroughly to remove, and produces product in batches, and can avoid secondary oxygen contamination。
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of device producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, it includes the inert gas replacement tank installed successively from top to bottom, reinforced distributing device, plasma heating thawing furnace, nodularization working chamber, fluid bed flash cooler, and described reinforced distributing device, plasma heating thawing furnace, nodularization working chamber and fluid bed flash cooler are sequentially coaxially installed。
The bottom of described inert gas replacement tank is provided with inert gas import, and upper lateral part is provided with inert gas outlet, and top is provided with metal alloy powders raw material and adds entrance, and the quantity of described inert gas replacement tank is 1 or more than 1。
Being provided with working gas import in the middle of the top of described reinforced distributing device, middle side is provided with protective gas import, described inert gas import and working gas import and communicates。
Top, described nodularization working chamber is provided with four cooling reducing gas inlet tubes being distributed uniformly and circumferentially, and the inwall of described nodularization working chamber is lined with resistant to elevated temperatures refractory material。
The internal metal alloy spherical powder product particle for being in fluidized state of described fluid bed flash cooler, inside it is embedded with coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler, the bottom of sidewall is provided with metal alloy fine powder products export, bottom is provided with non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe, bottom is provided with the outlet of bulky grain side-product, upper lateral part is provided with gas discharge outlet, and described gas discharge outlet is uniform radial distribution four circumferentially。
Described plasma heating thawing furnace adopts DC arc plasma generator or diffusion arc plasma generator or induction plasma generator。
Described fluid bed flash cooler is by the noble gas fluid bed as fluidizing gas medium, product minute spherical metal alloy powder fluidization granule medium。
Preferably, the structure of described plasma heating thawing furnace does suitable adjustment according to the type of the plasma generator adopted；Its power is 50～1000kW, and according to the character of former powder material and the size of production capacity, its actual operating work rate is adjusted in real time。
Preferably, the internal diameter of described nodularization working chamber is equal to 1.5 times～2.0 times of its upper plasma heating and melting stove internal diameter, and it is highly 0.5m～1.5m。
Preferably, described cooling reducing gas inlet tube is from top, nodularization working chamber 0.05m～0.25m, and become the angle of 30 °～40 ° with the tangent line of nodularization working chamber outer wall, four constitute 1.2 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace internal diameter～1.4 times of cooling reducing gas inlet tube front end, the diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube is φ 10mm～φ 25mm。
Preferably, described cooling reducing gas inlet tube is from nodularization working chamber top 0.20m, and with the angle that tangent line is 35 ° of nodularization working chamber outer wall, four constitute 1.4 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace internal diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube front end, the diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube is φ 14mm。
Preferably, the internal diameter of described fluid bed flash cooler is φ 1.5m～φ 3.0m, is highly 2.0m～3.0m；Wherein the height of the fluid bed that metal alloy spherical powder product particle is formed does corresponding adjustment according to yield size within the scope of 0.5m～2.0m；Adopting recirculated cooling water as moving thermal medium in coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler in fluid bed flash cooler, heat exchange area is 100m2～300m2。
A kind of method using said apparatus to produce 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, comprises the steps:
It is that 0.5 μm-100 μm purpose metal alloy powders raw materials add in entrance addition inert gas replacement tank through metal alloy powders raw material by granularity, pass into noble gas through inert gas import to replace, oxygen content in the inert gas outlet of inert gas replacement tank gas out is made less than 0.01%, to close the valve of inert gas import and the valve of inert gas outlet。
Working gas and protective gas is passed in reinforced distributing device, open plasma electrical source, make generation plasma torch in plasma heating thawing furnace, open the valve of inert gas import, carry metal alloy powders raw material and enter in reinforced distributing device, metal alloy powders raw material passes through in the plasmatorch in the melter of plasma heating thawing furnace with being evenly dispersed, make metal alloy powders feedstock portions melted or melt surface, oxide contained in granule is also by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas, subsequently, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber, in the process of landing and cooling rapidly, the surface tension relying on point molten metal makes granule englobement；Meanwhile, in granule, unreacted oxygen is reacted further by the reducibility gas entered by cooling down reducing gas inlet tube and removes, the powder granule of cooling solidification falls into the fluid bed flash cooler of lower section subsequently, direct heat transfer is carried out by the metal alloy spherical powder product particle relatively low with the temperature being wherein in fluidized state, quickly it is cooled to less than 100 DEG C, is accomplished continuously or intermittently released, by the discharge valve of metal alloy spherical fine powder products export, the selected operation of granule entering next step。
Bigger granule, sinks to fluidized-bed bottom owing to not being fluidized, and can draw off through the discharge port of bottom。Non-reactive fluidizing gas is entered fluid bed by fluidisation gas inlet and the distributor pipe of fluid bed flash cooler bottom, minute spherical granule therein is blown afloat and is at fluidized state, together with the gas that the gas of effusion fluidized-bed layer enters with top, entering follow-up gas solid separation operation by gas discharge outlet, the gas after separated returns to the fluidisation gas inlet of fluidized-bed bottom and distributor pipe through gas transportation facilities and recycles。
Working gas in the reinforced distributing device of described entrance is argon, or the gaseous mixture containing the hydrogen of 1%～5% or CO gas in argon。
In the reinforced distributing device of described entrance, the non-reactive fluidizing gas of protective gas and entrance fluid bed flash cooler is argon。
The reducing gases of described entrance nodularization working chamber is the gaseous mixture in argon containing the hydrogen of 1%～5% or CO gas。
Preferably, in described cooling reducing gas inlet tube, the gas speed of gaseous mixture is 20m/s～80m/s.
Preferably, void tower operating gas velocity is this fluidized particles incipient fluidizing velocity 3.0 times～5.0 times in described fluid bed flash cooler。
The present invention compared with prior art has following significant advantage:
(1), in the metal alloy powder body landing condensation process of melt surface, by passing into secondary reduction gas, the powder body of the nodularization shaping stage still in high temperature is made to reduce further so that the oxygen in metal can thoroughly be removed。(2) adopting fluid bed that high-temperature metal alloys powder body is quenched, rely on the heat transfer cooling effect that fluid bed is high, a large amount of high-temperature metal alloys powder body will be cooled rapidly so that batch production is possibly realized。(3) owing to quenching process is not related to contacting of high-temperature powder and oxygen carrier, it also avoid secondary oxygen contamination, it is ensured that in product, oxygen content is up to standard。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation；
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention A-A to sectional view；
Fig. 3 is invention device B-B to sectional view；
In figure, each part numbers illustrates:
1, inert gas replacement tank；2, reinforced distributing device；3, plasma heating thawing furnace；4, nodularization working chamber；5, fluid bed flash cooler；6, working gas import；7 and protective gas import；8, cooling reducing gas inlet tube；9, gas discharge outlet；10, metal alloy spherical powder product particle；11, coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler；12, fluidisation gas inlet and distributor pipe；13, bulky grain side-product outlet；14, the spherical fine powder products export of metal alloy；15, inert gas import；16, inert gas outlet；17, metal alloy powders raw material adds entrance。
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail。
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of device producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder of the present invention, it is characterized in that the inert gas replacement tank (1) that it includes installing successively from top to bottom, reinforced distributing device (2), plasma heating thawing furnace (3), nodularization working chamber (4), fluid bed flash cooler (5), described reinforced distributing device (2), plasma heating thawing furnace (3), nodularization working chamber (4) and fluid bed flash cooler (5) are sequentially coaxially installed。
The bottom of described inert gas replacement tank (1) is provided with inert gas import (15), upper lateral part is provided with inert gas outlet (16), top is provided with metal alloy powders raw material and adds entrance (17), and the quantity of described inert gas replacement tank (1) is 1 or more than 1。
It is provided with working gas import (6) in the middle of the top of described reinforced distributing device (2); middle side is provided with protective gas import (7), described inert gas import (15) and working gas import (6) and communicates。
Described nodularization working chamber (4) top is provided with 4 coolings reducing gas inlet tube (8) being distributed uniformly and circumferentially, and the inwall of described nodularization working chamber (4) is lined with resistant to elevated temperatures refractory material。
Internal metal alloy spherical powder granule (10) for being in fluidized state of described fluid bed flash cooler (5), and it is embedded with coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11), the bottom of sidewall is provided with the spherical fine powder products export (14) of metal alloy, bottom is provided with non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe (12), bottom is provided with bulky grain side-product outlet (13), upper lateral part is provided with gas discharge outlet (9), and described gas discharge outlet (9) is uniform radial distribution four circumferentially。
Described plasma heating thawing furnace (3) adopts DC arc plasma generator or diffusion arc plasma generator or induction plasma generator。
Described fluid bed flash cooler (5) is by the noble gas fluid bed as fluidizing gas medium, product minute spherical metal alloy powder fluidization granule medium。
The structure of described plasma heating thawing furnace (3) does suitable adjustment according to the type of the plasma generator adopted；Its power is 50～1000kW, and according to the character of former powder material and the size of production capacity, its actual operating work rate is adjusted in real time。
The internal diameter of described nodularization working chamber (4) is equal to 1.5 times～2.0 times of its upper plasma heating and melting stove (3) internal diameter, and it is highly 0.5m～1.5m。
Described cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.05m～0.25m, and become 30 °～40 ° with the tangent line of nodularization working chamber (4) outer wall, the best is the angle of 35 °, and four each and every one cool down 1.2 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace (3) internal diameter～1.4 times that reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end is constituted。The diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 10mm～φ 25mm。
Preferably, described cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.20m, and with the angle that tangent line is 35 ° of nodularization working chamber (4) outer wall, four constitute 1.4 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace (3) internal diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end, the diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 14mm。
The internal diameter of described fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.5m～φ 3.0m, is highly 2.0m～3.0m；Wherein the height of the fluid bed that metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) is formed does corresponding adjustment according to yield size within the scope of 0.5m～2.0m；Adopting recirculated cooling water as moving thermal medium in coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) in fluid bed flash cooler (5), heat exchange area is 100m2～300m2。
Use said apparatus to produce 3D to print by the method for metal alloy spherical powder, comprise the steps:
It is that 0.5 μm-100 μm purpose metal alloy powders raw materials add in entrance (17) addition inert gas replacement tank (1) through metal alloy powders raw material by granularity, pass into noble gas through inert gas import (15) to replace, oxygen content in the inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas replacement tank (1) gas out is made less than 0.01%, to close the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16)。
Working gas and protective gas is passed in reinforced distributing device (2), open plasma electrical source, make plasma heating thawing furnace (3) produces plasma torch, open the valve of inert gas import (15), carry metal alloy powders raw material and enter in reinforced distributing device (2), metal alloy powders raw material passes through in the plasmatorch in the melter of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) with being evenly dispersed, make metal alloy powders feedstock portions melted or melt surface, oxide contained in granule is also by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas, subsequently, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber (4), in the process of landing and cooling rapidly, rely on the surface tension granule englobement of point molten metal；Meanwhile, in granule, unreacted oxygen is reacted further by the reducibility gas entered by cooling down reducing gas inlet tube (8) and removes, the powder granule of cooling solidification falls into the fluid bed flash cooler (5) of lower section subsequently, direct heat transfer is carried out by metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) relatively low with the temperature being wherein in fluidized state, quickly it is cooled to less than 100 DEG C, is accomplished continuously or intermittently released, by the discharge valve of metal alloy spherical fine powder products export (14), the selected operation of granule entering next step。
Bigger granule, sinks to fluidized-bed bottom owing to not being fluidized, and can draw off through the discharge port (13) of bottom。Non-reactive fluidizing gas is entered fluid bed by the import distributor pipe (12) of fluid bed flash cooler (5) bottom, minute spherical granule therein is blown afloat and is at fluidized state, together with the gas that the gas of effusion fluidized-bed layer enters with top, entering follow-up gas solid separation operation by gas discharge outlet (9), the gas after separated returns to the import distributor pipe (12) of fluidized-bed bottom through gas transportation facilities and recycles；
The working gas that described entrance is fed in raw material in distributing device (2) is argon, or the gaseous mixture containing the hydrogen of 1%～5% or CO gas in argon。
Described entrance is fed in raw material protective gas in distributing device (2) and enter the non-reactive fluidizing gas of fluid bed flash cooler (5) and be argon。
The reducing gases of described entrance nodularization working chamber (4) is the gaseous mixture in argon containing the hydrogen of 1%～5% or CO gas。
In described cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8), the gas speed of gaseous mixture is 20m/s～80m/s。
In described fluid bed flash cooler (5) void tower operating gas velocity is this fluidized particles incipient fluidizing velocity 3.0 times～5.0 times。
The version of described reinforced distributing device (2) does suitable adjustment according to the form difference of the plasma generator of lower section, so that former powder is uniformly distributed in the plasmatorch of lower section。
It is specific embodiments of the invention below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to content described in following example。
Embodiment 1
100 orders produced with water spray method and more tiny 316L powder of stainless steel, for raw material, produce the spherical 316L rustless steel powder product of 20 μm-80 μm, and yield is 80kg/h。
The present embodiment direct-current arc induction plasma generator, peak power is 800kW, and in production, actual power is adjusted to 500kW。The internal diameter of nodularization working chamber (4) is equal to 1.6 times of its upper plasma heating and melting stove 3 internal diameter, and it is highly 1.0m；Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is positioned at from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.10m, 1.3 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating fusing stove internal diameter constituted with four cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front ends in nodularization working chamber (4)。The diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 12mm。The internal diameter of fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.5m, is highly 2.5m。The heat exchange area of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) is 175m2。
Weigh 500kg316L stainless steel powder powder stock and add in entrance (17) addition inert gas replacement tank (1) through metal alloy powders raw material, open the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16), the flow regulating inlet gas argon is that 10l/min passes into noble gas and replaces, start to detect oxygen content in the inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas replacement tank (1) gas out after 10 minutes, when it is less than 0.01%, close the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16)。
20 μm-80 μm spherical powder products of 316L rustless steel are dosed so that it is fixed bed height reaches 1.0m in fluid bed flash cooler (5)。
Passing into working gas and protective gas in reinforced distributing device (2), working gas is argon, and flow is 300l/min；Protective gas is argon, and flow is 30l/min。Open the valve of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8), regulate the flow of argon and hydrogen, making argon content in gaseous mixture is 98.0%, and makes it be uniformly distributed in four cooling reducing gas inlet tubes 8, and the gas speed in each cooling reducing gas inlet tube 8 reaches 50m/s。
Open the valve of non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe import (12), regulate the flow entering noble gas argon, make the empty tower gas velocity in fluid bed be 50 μm of spherical powder product incipient fluidizing velocities of 316L rustless steel 4.0 times, be about 0.5m/s。Open the valve of gas discharge outlet (9), open follow-up separation and gas-circulating system power-equipment, make noble gas realize recycling and operation。Enter the non-reactive fluidizing gas of fluid bed flash cooler (5) by 10 μm-80 μm spherical powder bed of 316L rustless steel, and fluidized。Open inlet valve and the outlet valve of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11), and regulate cooling water flow and reach 30m3/h。
Open plasma electrical source, make plasma heating thawing furnace (3) produces plasma torch。Opening the valve of inert gas import (15), the flow regulating argon is 3l/min, makes argon carry metal alloy powders raw material and enters in reinforced distributing device (2)。By reinforced distributing device (2), metal alloy powders raw material passes through in the plasmatorch of heating melter of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) with being evenly dispersed, making metal alloy powders feedstock portions melted or melt surface, oxide contained in metallic particles is by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas。Subsequently, metallic particles enters in nodularization working chamber (4), in the process of landing and cooling rapidly, relies on the surface tension of point molten metal to make granule englobement。Meanwhile, in metallic particles, unreacted oxygen is reacted further by the reducibility gas entered by cooling down reducing gas inlet tube (8) and removes。The metal powder particles of cooling solidification falls into the fluid bed flash cooler (5) of lower section subsequently, carry out direct heat transfer by metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) relatively low with the temperature being wherein in fluidized state, be quickly cooled to less than 100 DEG C。The selected operation of granule entering next step is accomplished continuously or intermittently released by the valve of metal alloy spherical fine powder products export (14)。Every 30min, open the valve of bulky grain side-product outlet (13) once, release the bulky grain side-product being deposited on bottom。
The performance indications contrast situation of product and former powder that the present embodiment produces sees attached list 1, and wherein Hall speed representation is applied to during 3D prints the mobility of powder granule。
Embodiment 2
100 orders produced with noble gas nebulization and more tiny Ti6Al4V alloy powder, for raw material, produce the spherical Ti6Al4V alloy powder product of 20 μm-80 μm, and yield is 100kg/h。
The present embodiment adopts induction plasma generator, and peak power is 1000kW, and in production, actual power is adjusted to 500kW-800kW。The internal diameter of nodularization working chamber (4) is equal to 1.8 times of its upper plasma heating and melting stove 3 internal diameter, and it is highly 1.3m；Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is positioned at from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.20m, 1.4 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating fusing stove internal diameter constituted with 4 cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front ends in nodularization working chamber (4)。The diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 14mm。The internal diameter of fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.8m, is highly 3.0m。The heat exchange area of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) is 200m2。
Weigh 500kgTi6Al4V alloy powder raw material and add in entrance (17) addition inert gas replacement tank (1) through metal alloy powders raw material, open the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16), the flow regulating inlet gas argon is that 10l/min passes into noble gas and replaces, start to detect oxygen content in the inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas replacement tank (1) gas out after 10 minutes, when it is less than 0.01%, close the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16)。
20 μm of spherical Ti6Al4V alloy powder products of-80 μm of purposes are dosed so that it is fixed bed height reaches 1.0m in fluid bed flash cooler (5)。
Passing into working gas and protective gas in reinforced distributing device (2), working gas is argon, and flow is 300l/min；Protective gas is argon, and flow is 30l/min。Open cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) valve, regulate the flow of argon and hydrogen, making argon content in gaseous mixture is 98.0%, and makes it be uniformly distributed in four coolings reducing gas inlet tube (8), and the gas speed in each inlet tube reaches 50m/s。
Open the valve of non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe import (12), regulate the flow entering noble gas argon, make the empty tower gas velocity in fluid bed be 50 μm of spherical Ti6Al4V alloy powder product incipient fluidizing velocities 3.0 times, are about 0.40m/s。Open the valve of gas discharge outlet (9), open follow-up separation and gas-circulating system power-equipment, make noble gas realize recycling and operation。The non-reactive fluidizing gas entering fluid bed flash cooler (5) passes through the spherical Ti6Al4V alloy powder bed of 10 μm-100 μm, and is fluidized。Open inlet valve and the outlet valve of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11), and regulate cooling water flow and reach 30m3/h。
Open plasma electrical source, make plasma heating thawing furnace (3) produces plasma torch。Opening the valve of inert gas import (15), the flow regulating argon is 3l/min, makes argon carry metal alloy powders raw material and enters in reinforced distributing device (2)。By reinforced distributing device (2), metal alloy powders raw material passes through in the plasmatorch of heating melter of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) with being evenly dispersed, making Ti6Al4V alloy powder feedstock portions melted or melt surface, oxide contained in granule is by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas。Subsequently, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber (4), in the process of landing and cooling rapidly, relies on the surface tension of point molten metal to make granule englobement。Meanwhile, in granule, unreacted oxygen is reacted further by the reducibility gas entered by cooling down reducing gas inlet tube (8) and removes。The powder granule of cooling solidification falls into the fluid bed flash cooler (5) of lower section subsequently, carry out direct heat transfer by metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) relatively low with the temperature being wherein in fluidized state, be quickly cooled to less than 100 DEG C。The selected operation of granule entering next step is accomplished continuously or intermittently released by the valve of metal alloy spherical fine powder products export (14)。Every 30min, open the valve of bulky grain side-product outlet (13) once, release the bulky grain side-product being deposited on bottom。
Product and the performance indications contrast situation of raw material that the present embodiment produces see attached list 1。
Embodiment 3
With the Titanium powder less than 100 orders of noble gas nebulization production for raw material, producing the spherical metal titanium powder product of 20 μm-80 μm, yield is 120kg/h。
The present embodiment adopts diffusion arc plasma generator, and peak power is 1000kW, and in production, actual power is adjusted to 500kW-600kW。The internal diameter of nodularization working chamber (4) adds 1.8 times of heat fusing stove internal diameter equal to its upper plasma, and it is highly 1.2m；Cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is positioned at from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.15m, 1.25 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace internal diameter constituted with four cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front ends in nodularization working chamber (4)。The diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 10mm。The internal diameter of fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.3m, is highly 2.2m。The heat exchange area of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) is 250m2。
Weigh 500kg metallic titanium powder powder stock and add in entrance (17) addition inert gas replacement tank (1) through metal alloy powders raw material, open the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16), the flow regulating inlet gas argon is that 10l/min passes into noble gas and replaces, start to detect oxygen content in the inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas replacement tank (1) gas out after 10 minutes, when it is less than 0.01%, close the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16)。
The spherical metal titanium valve of 20 μm-80 μm is dosed so that it is fixed bed height reaches 1.2m in fluid bed flash cooler (5)。
Passing into working gas and protective gas in reinforced distributing device (2), working gas is argon, and flow is 250l/min；Protective gas is argon, and flow is 20l/min。Open cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) valve, regulate the flow of argon and hydrogen, making argon content in gaseous mixture is 97.0%, and making it be uniformly distributed in four coolings reducing gas inlet tube (8), the gas speed in each cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) reaches 60m/s。
Open the valve of non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe import (12), regulate the flow entering noble gas argon, make the empty tower gas velocity in fluid bed be 50 μm of spherical metal titanium valve body incipient fluidizing velocities 5.0 times, be about 0.6m/s。Open the valve of gas discharge outlet (9), open follow-up separation and gas-circulating system power-equipment, make noble gas realize recycling and operation。Enter the non-reactive fluidizing gas of fluid bed flash cooler (5) by Titanium spherical powder bed, and fluidized。Open inlet valve and the outlet valve of coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11), and regulate cooling water flow and reach 30m3/h。
Open plasma electrical source, make plasma heating thawing furnace (3) produces plasma torch。Opening the valve of inert gas import (15), the flow regulating argon is 5l/min, makes argon carry metal alloy powders raw material and enters in reinforced distributing device (2)。By reinforced distributing device (2), powder stock passes through in the plasmatorch of heating melter of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) with being evenly dispersed, making metal alloy powders feedstock portions melted or melt surface, oxide contained in granule is by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas。Subsequently, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber (4), in the process of landing and cooling rapidly, relies on the surface tension of point molten metal to make granule englobement。Meanwhile, in granule, unreacted oxygen is reacted further by the reducibility gas entered by cooling down reducing gas inlet tube (8) and removes。The powder granule of cooling solidification falls into the fluid bed flash cooler (5) of lower section subsequently, carry out direct heat transfer by metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) relatively low with the temperature being wherein in fluidized state, be quickly cooled to less than 100 DEG C。The selected operation of granule entering next step is accomplished continuously or intermittently released by the valve of metal alloy spherical fine powder products export (14)。Every 30min, open the valve of bulky grain side-product outlet (13) once, release the bulky grain side-product being deposited on bottom。
Product and the performance indications contrast situation of former powder that the present embodiment produces see attached list 1。
Table 1 properties of product contrast table
Claims (10)
1. the device producing 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that the inert gas replacement tank (1) that it includes installing successively from top to bottom, reinforced distributing device (2), plasma heating thawing furnace (3), nodularization working chamber (4), fluid bed flash cooler (5), described reinforced distributing device (2), plasma heating thawing furnace (3), nodularization working chamber (4) and fluid bed flash cooler (5) are sequentially coaxially installed；
The bottom of described inert gas replacement tank (1) is provided with inert gas import (15), upper lateral part is provided with inert gas outlet (16), top is provided with metal alloy powders raw material and adds entrance (17), and the quantity of described inert gas replacement tank (1) is 1 or more than 1；
It is provided with working gas import (6) in the middle of the top of described reinforced distributing device (2); middle side is provided with protective gas import (7), described inert gas import (15) and working gas import (6) and communicates；
Described nodularization working chamber (4) top is provided with four coolings reducing gas inlet tube (8) being distributed uniformly and circumferentially, and the inwall of described nodularization working chamber (4) is lined with resistant to elevated temperatures refractory material；
Internal metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) for being in fluidized state of described fluid bed flash cooler (5), inside it is embedded with coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11), the bottom of sidewall is provided with the spherical fine powder products export (14) of metal alloy, bottom is provided with non-reactive fluidizing gas import and distributor pipe (12), bottom is provided with bulky grain side-product outlet (13), upper lateral part is provided with gas discharge outlet (9), and described gas discharge outlet (9) is uniform radial distribution four circumferentially；
Described plasma heating thawing furnace (3) adopts DC arc plasma generator or diffusion arc plasma generator or induction plasma generator。
2. the 3D of production as claimed in claim 1 prints with the device of metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, described fluid bed flash cooler (5) is by the noble gas fluid bed as fluidizing gas medium, product minute spherical metal alloy powder fluidization granule medium。
3. the 3D of production as claimed in claim 1 prints with the device of metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, the structure of described plasma heating thawing furnace (3) does suitable adjustment according to the type of the plasma generator adopted；Its power is 50～1000kW, and according to the character of former powder material and the size of production capacity, its actual operating work rate is adjusted in real time。
4. the 3D of production as claimed in claim 1 prints with the device of metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, the internal diameter of described nodularization working chamber (4) is equal to 1.5 times～2.0 times of its upper plasma heating and melting stove (3) internal diameter, and it is highly 0.5m～1.5m。
5. the 3D of production as claimed in claim 1 prints with the device of metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, described cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.05m～0.25m, and become the angle of 30 °～40 ° with the tangent line of nodularization working chamber (4) outer wall, four constitute 1.2 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace (3) internal diameter～1.4 times of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end, the diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 10mm～φ 25mm。
6. the 3D of production as claimed in claim 5 prints with the device of metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, described cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is from nodularization working chamber (4) top 0.20m, and with the angle that tangent line is 35 ° of nodularization working chamber (4) outer wall, four constitute 1.4 times that diameter of a circle is plasma heating thawing furnace (3) internal diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) front end, the diameter of cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8) is φ 14mm。
7. the 3D of production as claimed in claim 1 prints with the device of metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, the internal diameter of described fluid bed flash cooler (5) is φ 1.5m～φ 3.0m, is highly 2.0m～3.0m；Wherein the height of the fluid bed that metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) is formed does corresponding adjustment according to yield size within the scope of 0.5m～2.0m；Adopting recirculated cooling water as moving thermal medium in coil pipe type indirect heat exchange water cooler (11) in fluid bed flash cooler (5), heat exchange area is 100m2～300m2。
8. the method using device described in claim 1 to produce 3D printing metal alloy spherical powder, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
It is that 0.5 μm-100 μm purpose metal alloy powders raw materials add in entrance (17) addition inert gas replacement tank (1) through metal alloy powders raw material by granularity, pass into noble gas through inert gas import (15) to replace, oxygen content in the inert gas outlet (16) of inert gas replacement tank (1) gas out is made less than 0.01%, to close the valve of inert gas import (15) and the valve of inert gas outlet (16)；
Working gas and protective gas is passed in reinforced distributing device (2), open plasma electrical source, make plasma heating thawing furnace (3) produces plasma torch, open the valve of inert gas import (15), carry metal alloy powders raw material and enter in reinforced distributing device (2), metal alloy powders raw material passes through in the plasmatorch in the melter of plasma heating thawing furnace (3) with being evenly dispersed, make metal alloy powders feedstock portions melted or melt surface, oxide contained in granule is also by the reducibility gas institute partial reduction in work gas, subsequently, powder granule enters in nodularization working chamber (4), in the process of landing and cooling rapidly, rely on the surface tension granule englobement of point molten metal；Meanwhile, in granule, unreacted oxygen is reacted further by the reducibility gas entered by cooling down reducing gas inlet tube (8) and removes, the powder granule of cooling solidification falls into the fluid bed flash cooler (5) of lower section subsequently, direct heat transfer is carried out by metal alloy spherical powder product particle (10) relatively low with the temperature being wherein in fluidized state, quickly it is cooled to less than 100 DEG C, is accomplished continuously or intermittently released, by the discharge valve of metal alloy spherical fine powder products export (14), the selected operation of granule entering next step；
Bigger granule, fluidized-bed bottom is sunk to owing to not being fluidized, can draw off through the discharge port (13) of bottom, non-reactive fluidizing gas is entered fluid bed by fluidisation gas inlet and the distributor pipe (12) of fluid bed flash cooler (5) bottom, minute spherical granule therein is blown afloat and is at fluidized state, together with the gas that the gas of effusion fluidized-bed layer enters with top, follow-up gas solid separation operation is entered by gas discharge outlet (9), gas after separated returns to the fluidisation gas inlet of fluidized-bed bottom and distributor pipe (12) through gas transportation facilities and recycles；
The working gas that described entrance is fed in raw material in distributing device (2) is argon, or the gaseous mixture containing the hydrogen of 1%～5% or CO gas in argon；
Described entrance is fed in raw material protective gas in distributing device (2) and enter the non-reactive fluidizing gas of fluid bed flash cooler (5) and be argon；
The reducing gases of described entrance nodularization working chamber (4) is the gaseous mixture in argon containing the hydrogen of 1%～5% or CO gas。
9. producing 3D as claimed in claim 8 to print by the method for metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, in described cooling reducing gas inlet tube (8), the gas speed of gaseous mixture is 20m/s～80m/s。
10. produce 3D as claimed in claim 8 to print by the method for metal alloy spherical powder, it is characterized in that, void tower operating gas velocity is this fluidized particles incipient fluidizing velocity 3.0 times～5.0 times in described fluid bed flash cooler (5)。
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