CN101998843A - 电灼方法和设备 - Google Patents
电灼方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101998843A CN101998843A CN2008800056137A CN200880005613A CN101998843A CN 101998843 A CN101998843 A CN 101998843A CN 2008800056137 A CN2008800056137 A CN 2008800056137A CN 200880005613 A CN200880005613 A CN 200880005613A CN 101998843 A CN101998843 A CN 101998843A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- radio
- frequency
- tissue
- frequency generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/0088—Material properties ceramic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
- A61B2018/00119—Coatings on the energy applicator with metal oxide nitride
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
- A61B2018/00136—Coatings on the energy applicator with polymer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00696—Controlled or regulated parameters
- A61B2018/00702—Power or energy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00869—Phase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1467—Probes or electrodes therefor using more than two electrodes on a single probe
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
公开了一种用于电极的自动或用户选择操作或补偿的电极结构和机制,例如确定组织覆盖和/或防止在电灼过程中在底部电极之间的电弧放电。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及组织烧灼。更具体地,本发明涉及具有多种电极的电灼系统和用于电极的自动或用户选择操作或补偿的机制。
背景技术
多种生理状况需要组织和器官切除。组织切除过程中的主要考虑是止血,即停止出血。必需通过缝合或者烧灼来封闭为所要切除的器官或组织部分供血的全部血管,以阻止在切除该组织时出血。例如,当在子宫切除术中切除子宫时,必需在子宫颈内阻止出血,其中子宫必需是沿着为子宫供血的那些血管进行切除。类似地,当因为切除肿瘤或其它目的而切除一部分肝脏时,必需单独地封闭肝脏内的血管。实现止血在开放外科手术过程中以及最小侵入外科手术过程中是必需的。在最小侵入外科手术过程中,封闭血管可能是特别耗费时间和难以解决的,因为经由插管和其它小型通道的接触途径有限。
实现止血在接触途径受限的过程中尤其重要,其中必需在切除之前切碎器官或其它组织。大部分器官太大,以致难以通过插管或其它接触途径受限通道完整切除,因而需要在切除之前切碎组织,例如切割、磨碎或者粉碎成更小的块。
除了上述例子之外,还存在各种其它电外科仪器以封闭和分离活体组织片,例如动脉、静脉、淋巴、神经、脂肪、韧带和其它软体组织结构。多种已知的系统施加射频(RF)能量以使身体组织坏死。确实,其中一些具有明显的优点,并且当前被广泛地使用。尽管如此,本发明人尝试识别出并纠正先前方法的缺点,研究可能的改进,即使已知的方法是尚可的。
在这一方面,本发明人认识到的一个问题涉及当今电极结构的小型化。具体而言,许多电外科仪器制造商限制电极的总长度和表面积,以改善由组织完全覆盖电极的可能性。这种小型电极策略导致外科医生不得不多次封闭和分离,以便充分地封闭和分离狭长组织片。这种耗费时间的过程对病患也是有害的,其增加了麻醉时间,并潜在地增加损伤周围结构的风险,因为不断地重复递送能量和分离组织。
部分电极覆盖的后果可能是明显的。这种状况可能导致电弧放电、组织碳化、和不充分的组织封闭。在组织封闭之后将立即执行组织的机械(例如刀)或者电外科手术分离,分离未被充分封闭的组织可能给病患带来风险,因为未封闭的血管可能出血。电弧放电存在其自身的很多问题。如果电灼电极在它们之间生成电弧,而不是使射频能量穿过目标组织,则组织未能受到预期的电灼。此外,依据电弧路径,这可能会损坏非目标组织。另一问题在于多电极系统内的相邻电极可能产生电串扰或者在顺序放电的两个相邻电极之间的过渡区内产生过热效应。先前的设计通过为电极所固定到的夹头设置机械间隔来防止此现象。然而,这种间隔妨碍极细小组织接触相对的电极,阻止在这些区域内实现最佳电封闭。这些间隔如果过浅,也可能导致在电极之间的电弧放电。
在300kHz至10MHz范围内的典型射频能量(RF)频率上,组织阻抗是很大的。在组织干燥之前,初始阻抗可以根据组织类型和位置、血管分布等而变化很大。因而,仅仅根据本地阻抗确定组织电极覆盖的足够状态是不精确和不实用的。用于确定组织的电极覆盖情况的可行和可靠的方法将能够实现更长和更大表面积的电极的开发,以便用于在外科手术过程中安全和快速地封闭和分离组织片。因此,提供用于确定一个或多个电极的组织覆盖面积的方法将是有利的。
发明内容
公开了一种用于电极的自动或用户选择的操作或补偿,例如用于在电灼过程中确定组织覆盖和/或防止底部电极之间的电弧放电的电极结构和机制。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的电灼系统的组件和互连的方框图;
图2是图示根据本发明的具有补偿电路的第一实施例的电灼设备的组合方框和示意图;
图3是图示根据本发明的具有补偿电路的第二实施例的电灼设备的组合方框和示意图;
图4是图示根据本发明的具有补偿电路的第三实施例的电灼设备的组合方框和示意图;
图5是图示根据本发明的具有用于选择放电电极的电路的电灼设备的组合方框和示意图;和
图6是图示根据本发明的具有电介质涂层的电极的方框图。
具体实施方式
鉴于本发明人已经认识到的常规技术的问题(如上文讨论的),本发明人尝试改善在已经将电灼电极插入体内之后用户控制所述电灼电极的能力。其进一步的关注领域包括改善将电力传送至电极结构的效率,和改善原位从电极结构获得的测量结果的准确性。实现这些改善的一个益处在于能够使用更大电极表面,以及如上文讨论的有利结果。
图1图示电灼系统100的一种实施例。该系统100包括由电源电驱动的电极结构102、电极选择器和补偿器模块108。该模块108根据通过一个或多个用户接口110传送的用户输入而操作。
如下文更详细解释的,可以使用数字数据处理特征来实现系统100的某些组件。可以以各种形式实现这些。
一些例子包括通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑设备、分立的门或晶体管逻辑、分立的硬件组件、或者被设计用于执行此处所述功能的其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器,但是可替换地,该处理器可以是任意常规处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。还可以将处理器作为计算设备的组合来实现,例如DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、结合DSP内核的一个或多个微处理器或者任何其它此类配置。
作为更具体的例子,数字数据处理包括耦合到数字数据存储器的处理器,比如微处理器、个人计算机、工作站、控制器、微控制器、状态机或者其它处理机器。在当前的例子中,存储器包括快速访问存储器以及非易失性存储器。快速访问存储器例如可以用于存储由处理器执行的编程指令。存储器可以通过各种设备实现。多种替代方案是可行的。例如,可以取消组件之一。此外,存储器可在处理器主板上提供,甚至可在设备外部提供。
该装置还包括输入/输出,例如连接器、线路、总线、电缆、缓存器、电磁链路、天线、红外端口、换能器、网络、调制解调器、或者供处理器与该装置外部的其它硬件交换数据的其它手段。
如上所述,数字数据存储器的各种实例例如可用于提供由系统100(图1)使用的存储器,用于实现存储器,等等。取决于其应用,该数字数据存储器可以用于各种功能,例如存储数据,或者存储机器可读指令。这些指令本身可以协助执行各种处理功能,或者它们可以用于在计算机上安装软件程序,其中随后可以执行该软件程序以实现与本公开内容相关的其它功能。
示例的存储介质被连接到处理器,以便该处理器可以从该存储介质读取信息和向其写入信息。作为替代方案,该存储介质可以集成到该处理器上。在另一个例子中,处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC或其它集成电路内。
与包含机器可执行指令的存储介质(如上文讨论的)不同,一个不同的实施例使用逻辑电路来实现该系统的处理数据处理特征。
取决于在速度、费用、加工成本等领域内的应用的特定要求,这种逻辑可以通过构建具有数以千计的微小集成晶体管的专用集成电路(ASIC)来实现。可以使用CMOS、TTL、VLSI或其它适当结构实现这种ASIC。其它替代方案包括数字信号处理芯片(DSP)、分立电路(例如电阻、电容、二极管、电感和晶体管)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑阵列(PLA)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、等等。
电极结构102
参见图1,电极结构102包括第一和第二电极表面103-104。电极表面104由一组电极形成,例如单独电极104a、104b等。在一个例子中,电极可以是紧密靠近的。在一个例子中,电极表面103包括如图所示的单个电极。在另一个例子中,表面103包括与电极104相同或不同数量的多个电极。
在一种实施例中,电极表面103-104被布置为使用相对的双极电极将电能提供给目标组织区域。使用相对的双极电极是有利的,因为它将能量流动集中在电极之间,并限制对未包含在相对电极内的相邻组织的影响。
在一种情况下,电极结构103-104可以具有基本类似的几何形状,以便以对称的方式接触组织。可替换地,电极结构103-104可以具有不相似的几何形状。例如,一个电极结构可以包括用于插入自然人体腔道中的探针,而另一电极结构被构造为与远离人体腔道的外部组织表面接合。在一些例子中,可以使用两个以上的电极结构,但是使用相反的极性激励至少两个电极结构、或单个结构的至少两个分离区域,以将射频能量施加给目标组织。在一些例子中,电极结构可以是被形成为单个支撑结构的一部分的不同区域,例如可以被放置在器官或者其它组织块之上、并具有在其上形成的两个或更多电极表面的单个弹性管材或外壳。
当将相同或相反极性的高频能量施加给不同的电极表面时,它们相互隔离。在其它例子中,单个电极结构可以具有多个导电或主动区域,其中可以使用相同或相反的极性激励这些导电区域。
在一些例子中,可能希望在电极结构上提供附加结构或组件,以增强或增加在电极结构和组织之间的有效电接触面积。具体而言,电极结构可以包括组织穿透元件以增强电接触,即降低在电极和组织之间的电阻抗,和增加在电极和组织之间的总表面接触面积。示例的组织穿透元件包括针、插针(pin)、突起、通道、等等。具体的例子包括插针,其具有锋利的尖端,以便它们可以穿透组织表面并进入下层组织块。插针的深度可以在1mm至5cm或者3mm至1cm的范围内。插针的直径在0.1mm至5mm或者0.5mm至3mm的范围内。在一个例子中,插针均匀分布在电极结构的组织接触区域上,插针密度在0.1针/cm2至10针/cm2或者0.5针/cm2至5针/cm2的范围内。当使用组织穿透元件时,它们可以以基本均匀方式分散在电极结构的电主动区域上。可以除了导电的顺从性或刚性的电极表面之外,还提供插针或其它组织穿透元件,但在一些例子中,插针也可以提供电极结构的全部导电或主动区域。
在一个例子中,电极包括多个不同的导电区域,其中这些区域可以彼此电隔离或者可以相互电连接。单个电极结构可以在其上包括三个、四个、五个和多达十个或者更多的分立导电区域。这些导电区域可以由它们之间的电绝缘区域或结构来限定。
多电极表面104的一个例子是由间隙分隔开的多个导电条,所述间隙可以是空气间隙、塑料件或其它绝缘体。该间隙最好小于0.5mm。此外,还可以沿着每个导电条的长度设置多个组织穿透插针。可以以交替的极性配置来激励导电条。最简单地,将相对条连接至单个电源上的相对接头。然而,可以重新布置电连接,以便按照几乎任何模式来为导电条供电。而且,还可以电隔离每个条的不同区域,以便能够按照不同极性给这些区域供电;或者将电极设置为相同极性但是具有多种放电模式的序列,其可以包括放电每个电极、放电特定电极、或者同时放电多个电极。
尽管图示为平板,但是在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,也可以将电极结构102实施为多种不同形状。例如,一般可以弯曲电极结构103-104,以便于放置在管状人体结构或组织块的上方。在一种情况下,电极配置被具体配置为具有用于与特定器官或组织几何形状相接合的几何形状。在其它情况下,电极配置是顺从性的,以便它们可以抵住广泛的不同组织表面来接合并与该表面相适应。就此而言,可以利用诸如仿形网之类的材料构造电极条,以使得该电极结构能够变平或者采用各种其它配置。此外,还可以利用弹性或顺从性材料构造绝缘结构,以使得进一步重新配置电极结构。可以根据本领域普通技术人员熟悉的任一已知形状配置或其组合实现结构102。一些示例形状包括相对的夹片、圆柱体、探针、平板等等。就此而言,可以以适合于与组织表面接合的任意方式来配置电极。
因而,电极可以是刚性的、柔性的、弹性的、非弹性的(不可扩张的)、平面的、非平面的等等,并且可选的是,可以使用组织穿透元件以增加电极结构和组织之间的电接触,以及增加电极面积。电极配置可以是顺从性的,以便它们能够抵住广泛的不同组织表面来接合并与该表面相适应,或者将它们具体配置为具有用于与特定器官或组织几何形状接合的几何形状。在这两个例子中,电极结构还可以装配有组织穿透元件。
可选地,电极结构可以包括导电表面和非导电表面两者。在一些实施例中,这是通过留下一个表面作为暴露金属面、而用例如电介质材料覆盖电极的另一表面或将其绝缘,来实现的。在刚性电极的情况下,所述绝缘可以是叠层、涂层或者直接施加到相对表面。在柔性和弹性电极的情况下,绝缘层是柔性的,以便它可以与电极一起膨胀和收缩,而不会丢失或移除。在一些情况下,单独的、可膨胀的材料片覆盖希望绝缘的表面。在一些实施例中,所有电极表面都可以涂有电介质材料。
在一种实施例中,电极结构的电主动区域具有1至50cm2或更大范围的面积。在上文的被本文引作参考的美国专利申请中,解释了电极结构的进一步的细节和例子。
电源106
电源106包括一个或多个电源。基本上,电源106生成诸如射频等高频功率,用于经由电极结构102的一个或多个电主动区域施加到目标组织。如下文描述的,功率的持续时间和幅度对电极表面103-104之间的组织进行烧灼或使其坏死。
示例的频带包括100kHz至10MHz或者200kHz至750kHz。功率等级取决于所处理组织的表面积和体积,一些例子包括10W至500W、或者25W至250W、或者50W至200W的范围。例如,可以按照从1W/cm2至500W/cm2或者10W/cm2至100W/cm2的等级来施加功率。
可以使用各种常规通用电外科电源实现电源106。电源106可以使用正弦或非正弦波形,并可以以固定的或受控的功率等级工作。合适的电源可以从商业供货商处获得。
在一种实施例中,电源提供具有可变电压和电流的恒定输出功率,其中功率输出根据负载而变化。因而,如果系统发现很高阻抗的负载,则将电压维持在合理电平上以避免电弧放电。对于组织烧灼而言,阻抗范围例如从2欧姆至1000欧姆。通过施加恒定功率,电源106可以以低阻抗来提供足够的电流,以在首次烧灼该组织时实现初始干燥,随着烧灼继续,施加更高电压以完成组织封闭处理。因而,电源106可以在烧灼处理开始时提供较大电流和较小电压,和在该处理的封闭阶段提供更高电压和更低电流。该电源发生器的控制至少部分地基于系统100监视功率。
在一种实施例中,电源106包括用于设置期望功率的机制。该设置可以通过实时控制、用户的预置选择、缺省设置、预定简档选择等来实现。在一种实施例中,结合回扫变压器使用脉宽调制。该系统对回扫变压器的初级充电,并生成调节输出。例如可以将次级调节至期望安培数上的15伏,以生成期望功率输出。根据周期,如通过对初级充电的脉冲宽度所确定的,确定功率曲线。因而,本发明在回扫变压器初级内建立了某功率等级,由次级提供相同的功率等级,而与负载(即组织)的阻抗无关。
如上所述,电源106可以包括数字数据处理设备。如果实施的话,这种可选设备用于建立并控制电源106的特征和操作。
如图所示,电源106是用于结构102的多个电极的电源。因此,电源106或模块108提供多个输出通道,其中每个都是独立可调整的。在该实施例中,系统100包括多个导体108c的传导供电路径,以将功率提供给电极,并包括返回路径108b,用于为电源提供接地路径和/或反馈,或者反之亦然,这取决于电流方向。
在更具体的实施例中,模块108具有通过模块108的数字数据处理器择路到各个电极的多个输出108c。这多个输出由处理器独立地操作,并易于调制和可分配。因而,处理器可以在烧灼周期操作中的某个时刻,将输出分配给任意一个或多个电极元件,并在其它时刻上动态地重新分配它们。例如,如果电源是四通道电源,电外科设备具有十六个电极,则每个通道可以支持电外科设备内的四个电极。然而,该配置可以改变,以便一些通道比其它通道支持更多的电极。
用户接口110
用户接口110包括用于操作者与包括电源106的模块108交换信息的一个或多个设备。可以存在公共用户接口、或者用于每个组件106、108的单独用户接口。可以通过多种方式实施用户接口,在下文中举一些例子。对于人机流程,接口110的一些例子包括按钮、拨号盘、开关、键盘、遥控台或者其它机械设备。其它例子包括诸如鼠标、跟踪球等指示设备。另外的例子包括数字键盘、触摸屏、语音输入或者适合于此处所述目的的任何其它例子。对于机人交换,接口110可以使用视频监视器、显示屏、LED、机械指示器、音频系统或者适合于此处所述目的的其它例子。
通过链路108a将用户输入从接口传送至模块108。
传感器
系统100还可以包括附着到系统100的各个组件的各种传感器。所述传感器在图1中未被示出以使该图简洁清楚,其可以被附着到各组件,例如电极103-104、模块108的子部件、电源106的设备等等。这些传感器的例子包括用于感测电压、电流、阻抗、所施加电压和电流之间的相位角、温度、能量、频率等的设备。更具体地,这些设备中的一些包括电压计、模数转换器、电热调节器、换能器、安培计等。
模块108
如上文所述,模块108包括一个或多个电源106。除了该功能之外,模块108还可以被实现为通过下文示出的方式执行电极的一些或全部的自动或用户选择的操作或补偿。根据一个方面,模块108可被用于通过选择性地限制对电极施加功率(该选择是预先确定的,或者机器选择,或者用户选择的),以组织的特定区域作为目标,或者控制电极的放电顺序。根据另一方面,模块108可以将阻抗引入电极电路,以提供预先确定的、机器选择的、或用户选择的阻抗匹配或补偿。
根据模块108的一个可选方面,模块108可以通过选择性地限制对电极施加功率(该选择是预先确定的,或者机器选择的,或者用户选择的),以组织的特定区域作为目标。就此而言,模块108具有分别耦合至每个电极103-104的多个输出108b-108c。举例来说,输出108b-108c可以包括导线、电缆、总线或其它电导体。在所图示的例子中,具有被引线到多个电极104a、104b等的多个导体108c。
模块108跨越第一和第二电极表面103-104来施加来自电源106的电压,以便该电压被专门施加于被选定的那些电极。这些电极可根据来自接口110的用户输入来选择,通过机器执行的分析来选择,和/或通过缺省状态来选择。就此而言,模块108可以包括电和/或机械开关、中继器或其它机制的开关网络,以便将功率提供给被选定的那些电极。如图所示,电源106被集成到模块108内,计算机控制选择性地启动选定的输出导体。
无论通过独立的开关网络还是输出导体的计算机调节启动,模块108根据来自用户接口110的输入,或者来自诸如如上所述的数字数据处理设备等机器的输入,来启动电极。根据应用的性质,可以根据机器选择的标准或分析、缺省状态或用户输入来执行这种受到控制的对于电极的功率施加。
图5图示处理器控制的开关网络的一个例子的典型应用,其是在两个电源、电极结构和目标组织区域的情况下示出的。在该例子中,电极表面被配置如下。电极表面在执行电灼过程中基本上平行,一个表面的每个电极对准其在另一电极表面内的配对电极。在该例子中,上表面具有与下表面的每个电极对应的两个电极。
重要的是,模块108选择性地限制对于某些电极的功率施加,以便以特定的组织区域作为目标。也可以为不同目的选择电极。即,模块108可以监视或控制电极的选择,以防止相同电极表面的相邻电极的同时或顺序放电。确保电极放电以该间隔的方式出现防止了电极之间的无意中的电弧放电,并改善了电灼的效率。在一种实施例中,通过计算机控制,和部分地通过模块108的数字数据处理组件,来实现受控的放电顺序。作为计算机控制的替代方式,可以使用机械装置,例如电机分配器或其它设备。
在另一实施例中,模块108可以将阻抗引入电极电路以提供预定的、机器选择的、固定的、或用户选择的阻抗匹配或补偿。换句话说,模块108包括将阻抗电气地引入到包含电源、输出108b-108c和电极103-104的电路中的机制。
更具体地,模块108包括可被调整、或者可被选择地引入以控制在包含电源和电极103-104的电路内的阻抗量的电容、电感和/或其它阻抗元件。这些阻抗元件可以包括分立元件、集成电路特征或适合于此处所述目的的其它构造。模块108根据来自用户的指令、机器执行的分析、和/或缺省设置,建立该阻抗匹配或补偿。
可调整阻抗的一个例子是可调整电感,其可以包括任意已知的感应器,例如缠绕可调铁磁核心的导电材料线圈或分立电感。在该例子中,通过闭合可手动、机械、电启动的开关,或者通过适合于本公开内容目的的任何装置,例如通过用户接口110,选择性地提高整体电感。
图2图示具有与上电极表面的每个电极串联的电感的电极布局(如图所示)。图3示出不同的例子,包括与下电极表面的每个电极串联的电感(如图所示)。在又一不同的例子中,图4包含“T”型网络,其中电容被布置为与上电极表面的每个电极串联。此外,还将不同的电感布置为与被设计为一起受到启动的每一对电极平行。图2-4的例子可以使用固定、可调整或者固定与可调整之组合的阻抗元件。此外,结合在其表面上具有电介质涂层的电极,对于在本公开内容教导下的本领域普通技术人员来说,几乎无数个用于阻抗匹配和/或补偿的附加电路配置将是显而易见的。
除了用于将阻抗引入到电极电路中的布局之外,另一个考虑因素是这些阻抗元件的值。在一个例子中,选择阻抗以实现最大功率传送,以及进行精确的功率测量。就此而言,选择阻抗以维持在射频生成器即电源106和组织之间的阻抗匹配。当所施加的电压和电流之间的相位角度是零时,实现阻抗匹配。即,增加额外的电感以补偿增加的容抗。在一个例子中,这是使用具有有限范围和接近无限解析度的连续可变电感来执行的。可以将这样一个电感调整至接近零相位。在不同的例子中,通过按照例如如图2-4所示的适当布局的方式使用分立电感元件来执行阻抗匹配,以发现最小可能的相位角度,尽管这可能不是精确为零。
已经描述了本发明的结构特征,将描述本发明的操作方面。结合在此公开的实施例描述的任意方法、过程或算法的步骤可以直接以硬件、以由硬件执行的软件模块、人工执行步骤或者其组合来具体实现。
用于执行电灼过程的序列使用如下电灼系统,该电灼系统包括电极结构和用于电极的自动或用户选择的操作或补偿的机制。为了便于解释、但无任何限制意图,在图1的系统100的特定环境下描述该例子。
在第一步,选择用于操作系统100的不同参数。在一个例子中,一个或多个用户选择这些参数并将它们通过用户接口110传送至系统100。在不同的例子中,由在模块108上的数字数据处理设备选择用于操作系统100的参数。在这种情况下,根据用户输入、缺省值、由在系统102内安装的各种传感器收集的测量结果、模块108的编程等设置这些参数。
在无任何限制意图的情况下,下面是在第一步骤内可以选择的参数的一些非排他的例子:
(1)所要启动的各个电极的标识,例如图5,以便将电极103-104的能量集中于组织的特定区域。
(2)电极的放电顺序。
(3)将在电源106和电极103-104之间的补偿和/或阻抗匹配中使用的阻抗的幅度的估计或测量结果,例如图2-4。
(4)在电灼中将要应用的电功率参数,例如幅度、频率、相位或者电压、电流、功率的其它特征等。
(5)可以据以改变系统100操作的任何其它参数。
在下一步骤,受过适当培训的人员将电极103-104施加到将要电灼的目标组织区域。施加电极103-104的方式依据电极103-104的结构、目标身体部分的性质、将要执行的程序和其它此类因素而变化。如本领域所公知的,可能存在在身体内使用两个电极结构103-104的情况,以及其中将一个电极插入身体而在外部使用另一电极的其它实施例,即双极或单极应用。
在该下一步骤的具体例子中,存在一个表面的多个电极,例如104,其对应于另一表面的一个电极,例如103。可选地,操作员设置第一和第二电极表面103-104以便电极表面基本上平行,每个第二电极对准其相应的第一电极,尽管该对准最好在设备制造过程中实现。图2-5示出最终配置的例子。
在下一步骤中,提供指令以开始电灼。通过经由接口110提交的用户输入来实现该步骤。例如,用户可以按下启动按钮,说出开始命令,压下脚踏开关,触发操作杆或者执行其它动作。在不同的例子中,一旦用户启动定时器期满,便电动地实现。
在再下一步骤中,系统100对启动命令做出响应,执行电灼。在此,系统100将双极射频功率引导到由电极结构103-104的间隔放置限定的组织区域上。相对的双极电极的使用将能量集中于电极之间,并限制对未被约束在相对电极内的相邻组织的影响。在实践中,可以在足以将在正在处理的组织块内的组织温度提高到高于电灼或坏死所需阈值等级之上(例如60-80℃)甚至更高温度的时间内施加功率。
更具体地,根据所设置的配置来执行电灼。例如,电源106根据所建立的功率设置来操作。而且,模块108执行动作以根据选定的电极组合来调用各个电极。换句话说,模块108跨越第一和第二电极表面103-104施加来自电源106的电压,以便该电压专门地施加到选定的电极。在计算机控制的情况下,这是通过模块108实现的,模块108选择性地将功率施加给选定的电极。
作为对使用选定电极的进一步增强,可以使用选定的放电顺序来启动电极。在该例子中,模块108跨越第一和第二电极表面103-104施加来自电源106的电压,以便将电压在任一时间施加到第一电极102中的一个或多个、以及第二电极103中的一个或多个,并且模块108防止同一电极表面的相邻电极同时或顺序放电。模块108还可以执行预定的或用户选择的放电顺序。
例如,防止在具有多个电极的射频设备中的两个或更多的多电极之间的热或电的相互影响的一种方式是改变电极的放电顺序,以便相邻电极从不被顺序充电。例如,并不是顺序地将四电极系统放电,其中电极被顺序地编号为1、2、3、4,本发明是以诸如3、1、4、2、4、2、4、1、3、1、3等顺序将它们放电,以便相邻电极不被顺序地放电。每个电极的放电次数可以不同,以便平衡在这种其中一些电极比其他电极更频繁地放电的顺序内传送的能量。这防止了在从一个电极传输至另一个电极过程中的串扰以及在两个电极之间的过渡区域内连续加热积聚的累积影响。此外,圆形电极可以最小化在电极之间和在任意过渡表面上出现的边缘效应。
此外,如果一个电极表面或通常为金属的导电电极的两个相对表面涂覆有电介质的非导电材料,射频能量仍然可以通过电容耦合,传输通过它们之间的组织。图6是图示根据本发明的具有电介质涂层的电极的方框图。然而,由于表面涂层的非导电性质,如果将其非常靠近或接触,电极表面并不形成短路。这样,如果电极对的一部分仅部分地捕获到组织,即在电极的一部分之间存在很小的5mm的空气间隙,则与前往组织周围并直接在非常靠近的电极之间流动相反,射频能量依然穿透该组织。随着组织阻抗升高,这随后在封闭周期内尤其重要。当组织阻抗很高时,能量寻求具有更低阻抗的替代路径,例如在暴露的电极部分之间。这些绝缘层可以是聚合物的薄涂层,例如特富龙、金属氧化物,例如钛、钨、钽或陶瓷。为了获得足够的电容,这些层的厚度可以在微米范围内。
在替代实施例中,通过选择性地激励不同的电极表面或区域,可以使用该系统100实现各种不同的组织烧灼模式。通过选择性地激励两个相邻电极,同时留下所有其它电极不被激励,来烧灼有限的组织区域。相反地,通过激励其它多个电极表面,烧灼更大区域。根据电极表面极性的精确模式,实现略微不同的模式。在其它实施例中,可以以交替的极性模式来激励电极表面,以产生组织烧灼模式。也可以使用不同模式,以产生稍微不同的烧灼组织模式。
使用选择放电的不同方法来防止高阻抗的局部区域沿着整个电极影响整体系统阻抗,并因而潜在地降低了当电压达到其最大量时整个系统的功率输出。在此,激励电极以防止已经被完全封闭并因而已经达到高阻抗值的一个区域影响其中组织尚未被封闭并因而处于较低阻抗的其它区域。可选地,根据在特定电极位置/部位中的组织的属性,模块108可以使用用于每个电极或电极对的独有功率和能量传送简档。
电灼的执行使用选定的阻抗补偿和/或选定的匹配。结果是,从电源106传送来的功率被以更小的电损失传送至目标组织区域。
系统100还可以感测和自动调整共轭匹配阻抗。作为响应,模块108调整施加到包含电极表面103-104和电源106的导电路径的阻抗。
替代地,传感器也可以将原始数据提供给模块108,模块108分析是否和如何调整阻抗。在不同的例子中,模块108可以响应于来自传感器的指令和数据调整阻抗。这可以通过改变由电源106传送的射频能量的频率来执行。例如,在一种实施例中,通过测量任意阻抗、压力或这些和/或其它参数的任意组合,模块108感测在烧灼周期开始时在每个电极上是否存在组织。如果在任一电极上都未存在组织,则这样的电极对空闲;模块108禁止该电极放电,和/或通过用户接口110向操作者提供警示。模块108还可以为每个电极对提供状态指示器,其指示与每个电极对相关的封闭周期是有效的还是已经完成。在该实施例中,每个电极对可以包括模式状态指示器,例如LED,一旦烧灼周期开始,该指示器指示空闲、有效或完成状态中的任一个。
本发明还解决了通过使用电介质涂层的电极表面(参见图6)确定一个或多个电极的组织覆盖面积的问题。通过使用合适的射频发生器和使用涂有电介质涂层的电极表面,可以通过测量射频电压和电流的相位角度来获得组织覆盖的确定结果。因为电介质涂层基本上形成与组织的电容耦合,所以对于给定的电介质材料厚度而言,该电容是覆盖面积的函数。
用于电容器的基本公式是:
C=ε0εrA/d
用法拉表示,其中ε0是自由空间的介电常数(8.854E-12),εr是电介质的相对介电常数,A/d是面积和电介质厚度的比值。
在给定频率上,将电抗表示为:
Xc=1/ωC
其中ω是2*Pi*频率。
需要适当的射频生成器,以便在这种情况中插入共轭阻抗感应,从而消除使用全覆盖电极的容抗,并测量射频电压和电流的相位角度。当仅部分覆盖电极时,电容改变,即变得较小,因为有效面积较小。结果是,电抗、并且最终是射频电压和电流的相位角度改变。虽然改变的幅度部分受组织阻抗的影响,但是相信该方法允许最大程度地确定电极的组织覆盖情况。
这样一种方法的另一优点可以向射频生成器的控制算法发出信号以便改变频率,例如对于较小的表面积,便提高频率,从而在最小化电弧放电和组织碳化的可能性的情况下维持最大的功率传送。通过相位和/或阻抗的快速改变和通过认识到仅由组织部分地覆盖的电极可被用于向射频生成器控制算法发出信号以便缩短或改变处理参数,可以快速地检测潜在的电弧放电和组织碳化状态。
为了实现最大功率传送和进行精确的功率测量,期望的是维持在射频生成器和组织之间的阻抗匹配。当相位角度是零时实现阻抗匹配。可以使用多种方法获得接近零的相位。一种这样的方法使用附加的电抗元件,例如更大的电感,以补偿增加的容抗。可以通过两种不同方式实现该方法:
(1)通过插入具有有限范围和接近无限解析度的连续可变电感,可以将这样一种电感调整至接近零的相位;或者
(2)通过插入分立元件,例如电感器,以发现最低相位,尽管这可能不是接近零的相位。
在两种情况下,在射频生成器内都需要电机设备。
实现例如零相位的最大功率传送的另一方法是通过改变射频频率。假如电抗是频率相关的,该方法允许射频生成器通过电子改变频率来补偿相位差。这可能不需要任何机械设备,例如中继器、伺服系统等。此外,射频生成器可以在操作过程中改变频率,而不是首先中断射频功率以改变元件。因而,这可能是最期望的方法。
尽管在此参考优选实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域的技术人员将容易理解在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下其它应用可以替代在此阐述的应用。因此,本发明应当仅由权利要求书来限制。
Claims (31)
1.一种电灼装置,包括:
形成第一电极阵列的多个相邻的第一电极;
至少一个第二电极;
具有与第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极电耦合的输出的电源;
用于选择性地将来自电源的电压施加在第一电极阵列中的任意电极与所述至少一个第二电极之中的两个或多个电极之间的装置;和
用于确定所述第一电极中的任意电极与所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一个的组织覆盖面积的装置。
2.权利要求1的装置,其中所述至少一个第二电极包括至少一个返回电极。
3.权利要求1的装置,所述第一电极和所述第二电极中之中的至少一个具有圆形边缘,用于将在电极之间和在任何过渡表面处出现的边缘效应最小化。
4.权利要求1的装置,所述第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一个还包括:
涂有电介质或非导电材料的电极表面,其允许通过电容耦合在所述电极之间传输射频能量。
5.权利要求4的装置,所述第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一部分具有定义小于0.5mm的绝缘间隙的间隔关系。
6.权利要求4的装置,所述电极表面涂层包括聚合物。
8.权利要求4的装置,所述表面涂层包括:
至少一个涂层。
9.权利要求1的装置,所述用于选择性地施加来自电源的电压的装置还包括:
用于以防止相邻电极同时或顺序放电的选定放电顺序启动所述电极的装置。
10.权利要求4的装置,所述用于确定组织覆盖面积的装置包括:
用于测量射频电压和电流的相位角度的装置;
其中所述电介质涂层形成与组织的电容耦合;和
其中对于给定的电介质涂层厚度,电容是覆盖面积的函数。
11.权利要求1的装置,所述电源包括:
射频生成器,其选择性地可由所述用于选择性地施加来自电源的电压的装置操作,以电感的形式插入共轭阻抗,从而消除与全覆盖电极的容抗,并允许测量射频电压和电流的相位角度;
其中当电极仅被部分覆盖时,电容改变;和
其中作为结果,电抗和射频电压和电流的相位角度改变。
12.权利要求11的装置,所述用于选择性地施加来自电源的电压的装置还包括:
射频生成器控制算法,其用于在检测到较小电极表面积时改变射频生成器频率以维持最大功率传送,同时最小化电弧放电和非最佳的和/或过度的能量传送。
13.权利要求12的装置,所述用于选择性地施加来自电源的电压的装置还包括:
用于通过确定相位和/或阻抗的快速改变来检测电弧放电和防止非最佳的和/或过度的能量传送的装置。
14.权利要求13的装置,用于检测电弧放电和防止非最佳的和/或过度的能量传送的装置还包括:
用于使用仅由组织部分覆盖的电极向所述射频生成器算法发送信号以便缩短或改变处理参数的装置。
15.权利要求11的装置,所述用于选择性地施加来自电源的电压的装置还包括:
用于维持在所述射频生成器和组织之间的阻抗匹配的装置;
其中当相位角度大约为零时实现阻抗匹配。
16.权利要求15的装置,所述用于维持所述射频生成器和组织之间的阻抗匹配的装置还包括:
补偿增加的容抗的一个或多个电抗元件。
17.权利要求16的装置,所述用于维持所述射频生成器和组织之间的阻抗匹配的装置还包括下述任意一个:
用于插入具有有限范围和接近无限解析度的连续可变电感器的装置,其中所述电感器可调整至接近零相位;
用于插入分立元件以发现最低相位的装置;和
用于改变所述射频生成器的频率的装置,其中所述射频生成器通过电气改变频率来补偿相位差。
18.一种电灼方法,包括如下步骤:
提供形成第一电极阵列的多个相邻的第一电极;
提供至少一个第二电极;
提供具有与第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极电耦合的输出的电源;
选择性地将来自电源的电压施加在第一电极阵列中的任意电极与所述至少一个第二电极之中的两个或多个电极之间;和
确定所述第一电极中的任意电极和所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一个的组织覆盖面积。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述至少一个第二电极包括至少一个返回电极。
20.权利要求18的方法,所述提供形成第一电极阵列的多个相邻的第一电极和提供至少一个第二电极的步骤还包括以下步骤:
提供涂有电介质或非导电材料的至少一个电极表面,其允许通过电容耦合在所述电极之间传输射频能量。
21.权利要求19的方法,还包括以下步骤:
以防止相邻电极同时或顺序放电的选定放电顺序启动所述电极。
22.权利要求19的方法,还包括以下步骤:
测量射频电压和电流的相位角度;
其中所述电介质涂层形成与组织的电容耦合;和
其中对于给定电介质涂层厚度,电容是覆盖面积的函数。
23.权利要求19的方法,还包括步骤:
提供射频生成器,其选择性地可操作用于以电感的形式插入共轭阻抗,以消除与全覆盖电极的容抗,并允许测量射频电压和电流的相位角度;
其中当电极仅被部分覆盖时,电容改变;和
其中作为结果,电抗和射频电压和电流的相位角度改变。
24.权利要求22的方法,还包括步骤:
提供射频生成器控制算法,用于在检测到较小电极表面积时改变射频生成器频率以维持最大功率传送,同时最小化电弧放电和非最佳的和/或过度的能量传送。
25.权利要求19的方法,还包括步骤:
通过确定相位和/或阻抗的快速改变来检测电弧放电和非最佳的和/或过度的能量传送。
26.权利要求19的方法,还包括以下步骤:
使用仅部分由组织覆盖的电极向所述射频生成器算法发送信号,以缩短或改变处理参数。
27.权利要求19的方法,还包括以下步骤:
维持在所述射频生成器和组织之间的阻抗匹配;
其中当相位角度大约为零时实现阻抗匹配。
28.权利要求19的方法,还包括以下步骤:
提供一个或多个电抗元件,其补偿增加的容抗。
29.权利要求28的方法,还包括下述任一步骤:
插入具有有限范围和接近无限解析度的连续可变电感器,其中所述电感器可调整至接近零相位;
插入分立元件以发现最低相位;和
改变所述射频生成器的频率,其中所述射频生成器通过电气改变频率来补偿相位差。
30.一种电灼装置,包括:
形成第一电极阵列的多个相邻的第一电极;
至少一个第二电极;
具有与第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极电耦合的输出的电源;
用于选择性地将来自电源的电压施加在第一电极阵列中的任意电极与所述至少一个第二电极之中的两个或多个电极之间的装置;和
用于确定所述第一电极中的任意电极与所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一个的组织覆盖面积的装置;
所述第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一个还包括:
涂有电介质或非导电材料的电极表面,其允许通过电容耦合在所述电极之间传输射频能量。
31.一种电灼方法,包括步骤:
提供形成第一电极阵列的多个相邻的第一电极;
提供至少一个第二电极;
提供具有与第一电极和所述至少一个第二电极电耦合的输出的电源;
选择性地将来自电源的电压施加在第一电极阵列中的任意电极和所述至少一个第二电极之中的两个或多个电极之间;和
确定所述第一电极中的任意电极与所述至少一个第二电极之中的至少一个的组织覆盖面积;
所述提供形成第一电极阵列的多个相邻的第一电极以及提供至少一个第二电极的步骤还包括以下步骤:
提供涂有电介质或非导电材料的至少一个电极表面,其允许通过电容耦合在所述电极之间传输射频能量。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/671,911 US8728072B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2007-02-06 | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US11/671,911 | 2007-02-06 | ||
PCT/US2008/052656 WO2009009157A2 (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2008-01-31 | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101998843A true CN101998843A (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
CN101998843B CN101998843B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=38334993
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200880005613.7A Active CN101998843B (zh) | 2007-02-06 | 2008-01-31 | 电灼方法和设备 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8728072B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2109407B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010526557A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101457724B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101998843B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2008275543B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2677444A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2541784T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2009008480A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009009157A2 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105744908A (zh) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-07-06 | 捷锐士阿希迈公司(以奥林巴斯美国外科技术名义) | 具有带有可切换电极的抓紧器和勒除器的电外科系统 |
CN107874804A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-06 | 海南瑞韩医学美容医院管理有限公司海口龙华京华城红妆医学美容门诊部 | 双重止血钳 |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8728072B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2014-05-20 | Aesculap Ag | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US8696662B2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2014-04-15 | Aesculap Ag | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US9339323B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2016-05-17 | Aesculap Ag | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US8574229B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2013-11-05 | Aesculap Ag | Surgical tool |
US8870867B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2014-10-28 | Aesculap Ag | Articulable electrosurgical instrument with a stabilizable articulation actuator |
US8303582B2 (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2012-11-06 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Electrosurgical instrument having a coated electrode utilizing an atomic layer deposition technique |
ES2436516T3 (es) | 2010-02-04 | 2014-01-02 | Aesculap Ag | Dispositivo quirúrgico de radiofrecuencia laparoscópico |
US8827992B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2014-09-09 | Aesculap Ag | Impedance mediated control of power delivery for electrosurgery |
US8419727B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2013-04-16 | Aesculap Ag | Impedance mediated power delivery for electrosurgery |
US9173698B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2015-11-03 | Aesculap Ag | Electrosurgical tissue sealing augmented with a seal-enhancing composition |
US9339327B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2016-05-17 | Aesculap Ag | Electrosurgical tissue dissecting device |
CN102641152B (zh) * | 2012-05-22 | 2014-03-05 | 上海理工大学 | 基于fpga的高频电刀发生器 |
CN107252347B (zh) | 2012-09-26 | 2019-10-29 | 蛇牌股份公司 | 用于组织切割和封合的设备 |
US9364277B2 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2016-06-14 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | RF energy controller and method for electrosurgical medical devices |
US9204921B2 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2015-12-08 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | RF energy controller and method for electrosurgical medical devices |
AU2014237950B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-04-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Control unit for use with electrode pads and a method for estimating an electrical leakage |
US20150032094A1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-01-29 | Aesculap Ag | Tri-mode electrodes with integral temperature sensing |
US20150051595A1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-19 | James Margolis | Devices and methods for denervation of the nerves surrounding the pulmonary veins for treatment of atrial fibrillation |
EP3708101A1 (de) | 2014-09-08 | 2020-09-16 | Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH | System zur gleichzeitigen gewebekoagulation und gewebedissektion |
US11446078B2 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2022-09-20 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Electrosurgical wave generator |
US10109460B2 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-10-23 | Lam Research Corporation | Universal non-invasive chamber impedance measurement system and associated methods |
WO2019071269A2 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Powell Charles Lee | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TREATING AN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA |
WO2024106837A1 (ko) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-05-23 | 주식회사 필드큐어 | 임피던스 보상을 위한 전극 어레이 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4200104A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1980-04-29 | Valleylab, Inc. | Contact area measurement apparatus for use in electrosurgery |
WO2006045090A2 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-27 | Resect Medical, Inc. | Thermal hemostasis and/or coagulation of tissue |
Family Cites Families (456)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3356408A (en) | 1966-07-07 | 1967-12-05 | Herbert D Sturtz | Camper anchoring device |
US3527224A (en) | 1967-09-05 | 1970-09-08 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of surgically bonding tissue together |
US3742955A (en) | 1970-09-29 | 1973-07-03 | Fmc Corp | Fibrous collagen derived product having hemostatic and wound binding properties |
US3709215A (en) | 1970-12-28 | 1973-01-09 | S Richmond | Anterior vaginal retractor for vaginal surgery |
US3845771A (en) | 1973-04-24 | 1974-11-05 | W Vise | Electrosurgical glove |
DE2324658B2 (de) | 1973-05-16 | 1977-06-30 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | Sonde zum koagulieren von koerpergewebe |
JPS5239596B2 (zh) | 1974-04-04 | 1977-10-06 | ||
US3987795A (en) | 1974-08-28 | 1976-10-26 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical devices having sesquipolar electrode structures incorporated therein |
US4231372A (en) | 1974-11-04 | 1980-11-04 | Valleylab, Inc. | Safety monitoring circuit for electrosurgical unit |
US4072153A (en) | 1976-03-03 | 1978-02-07 | Swartz William H | Post hysterectomy fluid drainage tube |
US4041952A (en) | 1976-03-04 | 1977-08-16 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical forceps |
US4094320A (en) | 1976-09-09 | 1978-06-13 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical safety circuit and method of using same |
WO1981003271A1 (en) | 1980-05-13 | 1981-11-26 | American Hospital Supply Corp | A multipolar electrosurgical device |
US4492231A (en) | 1982-09-17 | 1985-01-08 | Auth David C | Non-sticking electrocautery system and forceps |
US4590934A (en) | 1983-05-18 | 1986-05-27 | Jerry L. Malis | Bipolar cutter/coagulator |
WO1985003214A1 (en) | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-01 | Kharkovsky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Obsche | Bipolar electric surgical instrument |
JP2555026B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-23 | 1996-11-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 容量可変型圧縮機 |
US5117118A (en) | 1988-10-19 | 1992-05-26 | Astex Co., Ltd. | Photoelectric switch using an integrated circuit with reduced interconnections |
US4972846A (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1990-11-27 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Patch electrodes for use with defibrillators |
US5234425A (en) | 1989-03-03 | 1993-08-10 | Thomas J. Fogarty | Variable diameter sheath method and apparatus for use in body passages |
US4979948A (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1990-12-25 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for thermally destroying a layer of an organ |
US4976717A (en) | 1989-04-24 | 1990-12-11 | Boyle Gary C | Uterine retractor for an abdominal hysterectomy and method of its use |
FR2647683B1 (fr) | 1989-05-31 | 1993-02-12 | Kyocera Corp | Dispositif d'etanchement/coagulation de sang hors de vaisseaux sanguins |
US5041101A (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1991-08-20 | Helix Medical, Inc. | Hysterectomy drain appliance |
US4998527A (en) | 1989-07-27 | 1991-03-12 | Percutaneous Technologies Inc. | Endoscopic abdominal, urological, and gynecological tissue removing device |
US5217030A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1993-06-08 | Inbae Yoon | Multi-functional instruments and stretchable ligating and occluding devices |
US5665100A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1997-09-09 | Yoon; Inbae | Multifunctional instrument with interchangeable operating units for performing endoscopic procedures |
US6099550A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 2000-08-08 | Yoon; Inbae | Surgical instrument having jaws and an operating channel and method for use thereof |
EP0448857A1 (en) | 1990-03-27 | 1991-10-02 | Jong-Khing Huang | An apparatus of a spinning type of resectoscope for prostatectomy |
US5108408A (en) | 1990-04-20 | 1992-04-28 | Lally James J | Uterine-ring hysterectomy clamp |
US5078736A (en) | 1990-05-04 | 1992-01-07 | Interventional Thermodynamics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for maintaining patency in the body passages |
US5482054A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1996-01-09 | Symbiosis Corporation | Edoscopic biopsy forceps devices with selective bipolar cautery |
US5037379A (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1991-08-06 | Vance Products Incorporated | Surgical tissue bag and method for percutaneously debulking tissue |
US5282799A (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1994-02-01 | Everest Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scalpel with paired loop electrodes |
DE4032471C2 (de) | 1990-10-12 | 1997-02-06 | Delma Elektro Med App | Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung |
US5190541A (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1993-03-02 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Surgical instrument and method |
US5178618A (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1993-01-12 | Brigham And Womens Hospital | Method and device for recanalization of a body passageway |
US5370647A (en) | 1991-01-23 | 1994-12-06 | Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Tissue and organ extractor |
US5219895A (en) | 1991-01-29 | 1993-06-15 | Autogenesis Technologies, Inc. | Collagen-based adhesives and sealants and methods of preparation and use thereof |
US5156613A (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1992-10-20 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corp. | Collagen welding rod material for use in tissue welding |
US5749895A (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1998-05-12 | Fusion Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method for bonding or fusion of biological tissue and material |
AU660444B2 (en) | 1991-02-15 | 1995-06-29 | Ingemar H. Lundquist | Torquable catheter and method |
US5300087A (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1994-04-05 | Knoepfler Dennis J | Multiple purpose forceps |
US5396900A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1995-03-14 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic end effectors constructed from a combination of conductive and non-conductive materials and useful for selective endoscopic cautery |
DE4113037A1 (de) | 1991-04-22 | 1992-10-29 | Sutter Hermann Select Med Tech | Bipolares koagulations- und/oder schneidinstrument |
US5391166A (en) | 1991-06-07 | 1995-02-21 | Hemostatic Surgery Corporation | Bi-polar electrosurgical endoscopic instruments having a detachable working end |
US5330471A (en) | 1991-06-07 | 1994-07-19 | Hemostatic Surgery Corporation | Bi-polar electrosurgical endoscopic instruments and methods of use |
US5484436A (en) | 1991-06-07 | 1996-01-16 | Hemostatic Surgery Corporation | Bi-polar electrosurgical instruments and methods of making |
DE4130064A1 (de) | 1991-09-11 | 1993-03-18 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Endoskopische koagulationsfasszange |
US5273524A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1993-12-28 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical device |
US6250532B1 (en) | 1991-10-18 | 2001-06-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical stapling apparatus |
US5312023A (en) | 1991-10-18 | 1994-05-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Self contained gas powered surgical apparatus |
US5207691A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1993-05-04 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Electrosurgical clip applicator |
US5665085A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1997-09-09 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Electrosurgical cutting tool |
US5531744A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1996-07-02 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Alternative current pathways for bipolar surgical cutting tool |
US5713896A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1998-02-03 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Impedance feedback electrosurgical system |
DE4138116A1 (de) | 1991-11-19 | 1993-06-03 | Delma Elektro Med App | Medizinisches hochfrequenz-koagulations-schneidinstrument |
US5681282A (en) | 1992-01-07 | 1997-10-28 | Arthrocare Corporation | Methods and apparatus for ablation of luminal tissues |
US6053172A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-04-25 | Arthrocare Corporation | Systems and methods for electrosurgical sinus surgery |
US5697882A (en) | 1992-01-07 | 1997-12-16 | Arthrocare Corporation | System and method for electrosurgical cutting and ablation |
US6024733A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-02-15 | Arthrocare Corporation | System and method for epidermal tissue ablation |
US6142992A (en) | 1993-05-10 | 2000-11-07 | Arthrocare Corporation | Power supply for limiting power in electrosurgery |
US5484435A (en) | 1992-01-15 | 1996-01-16 | Conmed Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical instrument for use in minimally invasive internal surgical procedures |
US5352235A (en) | 1992-03-16 | 1994-10-04 | Tibor Koros | Laparoscopic grasper and cutter |
US5281216A (en) | 1992-03-31 | 1994-01-25 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical bipolar treating apparatus |
US5300068A (en) | 1992-04-21 | 1994-04-05 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Electrosurgical apparatus |
US5443463A (en) | 1992-05-01 | 1995-08-22 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Coagulating forceps |
US5277201A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1994-01-11 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Endometrial ablation apparatus and method |
US5443470A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-08-22 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for endometrial ablation |
US5562720A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1996-10-08 | Vesta Medical, Inc. | Bipolar/monopolar endometrial ablation device and method |
GR1002336B (el) * | 1992-05-06 | 1996-05-21 | Ethicon Inc. | Οργανον ενδοσκοπικης απολινωσεως και κοψιματος. |
US5293863A (en) | 1992-05-08 | 1994-03-15 | Loma Linda University Medical Center | Bladed endoscopic retractor |
US6350274B1 (en) | 1992-05-11 | 2002-02-26 | Regen Biologics, Inc. | Soft tissue closure systems |
NL9201118A (nl) | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-17 | Leuven K U Res & Dev | Gereedschapset voor laparoscopische vaginale hysterectomie. |
US5341807A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-08-30 | American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. | Ablation catheter positioning system |
US5250074A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1993-10-05 | Wilk Peter J | Surgical instrument assembly and associated technique |
US5720719A (en) | 1992-08-12 | 1998-02-24 | Vidamed, Inc. | Ablative catheter with conformable body |
US5295990A (en) | 1992-09-11 | 1994-03-22 | Levin John M | Tissue sampling and removal device |
US5374277A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1994-12-20 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US5601224A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1997-02-11 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US5330502A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1994-07-19 | Ethicon, Inc. | Rotational endoscopic mechanism with jointed drive mechanism |
US5662662A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1997-09-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument and method |
US5578052A (en) | 1992-10-27 | 1996-11-26 | Koros; Tibor | Insulated laparoscopic grasper with removable shaft |
US5720745A (en) | 1992-11-24 | 1998-02-24 | Erbe Electromedizin Gmbh | Electrosurgical unit and method for achieving coagulation of biological tissue |
US5558671A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1996-09-24 | Yates; David C. | Impedance feedback monitor for electrosurgical instrument |
US5403312A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1995-04-04 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostatic device |
US5514134A (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1996-05-07 | Everest Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors |
US5462546A (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-31 | Everest Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical forceps |
US5336229A (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-08-09 | Laparomed Corporation | Dual ligating and dividing apparatus |
US5342381A (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-30 | Everest Medical Corporation | Combination bipolar scissors and forceps instrument |
US5431676A (en) | 1993-03-05 | 1995-07-11 | Innerdyne Medical, Inc. | Trocar system having expandable port |
US5445638B1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1998-05-05 | Everest Medical Corp | Bipolar coagulation and cutting forceps |
GB9306637D0 (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1993-05-26 | Smiths Industries Plc | Electrosurgery monitor and appartus |
US5417687A (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1995-05-23 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical trocar |
GB9309142D0 (en) | 1993-05-04 | 1993-06-16 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Laparoscopic instrument |
US5395369A (en) | 1993-06-10 | 1995-03-07 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic bipolar electrocautery instruments |
GB9314391D0 (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1993-08-25 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | A radio frequency oscillator and an electrosurgical generator incorporating such an oscillator |
US5352223A (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1994-10-04 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic instruments having distally extending lever mechanisms |
US5569243A (en) | 1993-07-13 | 1996-10-29 | Symbiosis Corporation | Double acting endoscopic scissors with bipolar cautery capability |
US5356408A (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1994-10-18 | Everest Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors having nonlinear blades |
GR940100335A (el) | 1993-07-22 | 1996-05-22 | Ethicon Inc. | Ηλεκτροχειρουργικη συσκευη τοποθετησης συρραπτικων αγκυλων. |
US5709680A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1998-01-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostatic device |
US5810811A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1998-09-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostatic device |
US5693051A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1997-12-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostatic device with adaptive electrodes |
US5688270A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1997-11-18 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostatic device with recessed and/or offset electrodes |
US5336237A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1994-08-09 | Devices For Vascular Intervention, Inc. | Removal of tissue from within a body cavity |
US5718703A (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1998-02-17 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for small needle electrocautery |
DE4333983A1 (de) | 1993-10-05 | 1995-04-06 | Delma Elektro Med App | Elektrochirurgisches Hochfrequenz-Instrument |
US5496312A (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1996-03-05 | Valleylab Inc. | Impedance and temperature generator control |
US5571100B1 (en) | 1993-11-01 | 1998-01-06 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical apparatus |
US5728143A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-03-17 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Multiple antenna ablation apparatus and method |
US5449355A (en) | 1993-11-24 | 1995-09-12 | Valleylab Inc. | Retrograde tissue splitter and method |
US5458598A (en) | 1993-12-02 | 1995-10-17 | Cabot Technology Corporation | Cutting and coagulating forceps |
US5377415A (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1995-01-03 | Gibson; John | Sheet material punch |
US5603700A (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1997-02-18 | Daneshvar; Yousef | Suction and injection system |
US5507773A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-04-16 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Cable-actuated jaw assembly for surgical instruments |
US5397320A (en) | 1994-03-03 | 1995-03-14 | Essig; Mitchell N. | Dissecting surgical device and associated method |
US5445142A (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-08-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical trocars having optical tips defining one or more viewing ports |
US5472442A (en) | 1994-03-23 | 1995-12-05 | Valleylab Inc. | Moveable switchable electrosurgical handpiece |
US6056744A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 2000-05-02 | Conway Stuart Medical, Inc. | Sphincter treatment apparatus |
US5540684A (en) | 1994-07-28 | 1996-07-30 | Hassler, Jr.; William L. | Method and apparatus for electrosurgically treating tissue |
US5456684A (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1995-10-10 | Hutchinson Technology Incorporated | Multifunctional minimally invasive surgical instrument |
US5573535A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1996-11-12 | United States Surgical Corporation | Bipolar surgical instrument for coagulation and cutting |
US6152920A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2000-11-28 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Surgical method and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic or therapeutic element within the body |
US5840077A (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1998-11-24 | Blairden Precision Instruments, Inc. | Uterine manipulating assembly for laparoscopic hysterectomy |
US5520698A (en) | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-28 | Blairden Precision Instruments, Inc. | Simplified total laparoscopic hysterectomy method employing colpotomy incisions |
US5556397A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1996-09-17 | Laser Centers Of America | Coaxial electrosurgical instrument |
US5833689A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1998-11-10 | Snj Company, Inc. | Versatile electrosurgical instrument capable of multiple surgical functions |
US5549637A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-08-27 | Crainich; Lawrence | Articulated medical instrument |
US5585007A (en) | 1994-12-07 | 1996-12-17 | Plasmaseal Corporation | Plasma concentrate and tissue sealant methods and apparatuses for making concentrated plasma and/or tissue sealant |
US5632432A (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1997-05-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US5704534A (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1998-01-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Articulation assembly for surgical instruments |
US5558100A (en) | 1994-12-19 | 1996-09-24 | Ballard Medical Products | Biopsy forceps for obtaining tissue specimen and optionally for coagulation |
GB9425781D0 (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1995-02-22 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical instrument |
US5695494A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-12-09 | Valleylab Inc | Rem output stage topology |
US5611803A (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1997-03-18 | Urohealth Systems, Inc. | Tissue segmentation device |
US5540685A (en) | 1995-01-06 | 1996-07-30 | Everest Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrical scissors with metal cutting edges and shearing surfaces |
US5603711A (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1997-02-18 | Everest Medical Corp. | Endoscopic bipolar biopsy forceps |
US5637110A (en) | 1995-01-31 | 1997-06-10 | Stryker Corporation | Electrocautery surgical tool with relatively pivoted tissue engaging jaws |
CA2168404C (en) | 1995-02-01 | 2007-07-10 | Dale Schulze | Surgical instrument with expandable cutting element |
US5669907A (en) | 1995-02-10 | 1997-09-23 | Valleylab Inc. | Plasma enhanced bipolar electrosurgical system |
US5715832A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1998-02-10 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Deflectable biopsy catheter |
US6391029B1 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2002-05-21 | Enable Medical Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors |
US5900245A (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1999-05-04 | Focal, Inc. | Compliant tissue sealants |
US5868740A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1999-02-09 | Board Of Regents-Univ Of Nebraska | Method for volumetric tissue ablation |
US5599350A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1997-02-04 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical clamping device with coagulation feedback |
JPH08279596A (ja) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-10-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 集積回路装置,及びその製造方法 |
US5624452A (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1997-04-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Hemostatic surgical cutting or stapling instrument |
US6203542B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2001-03-20 | Arthrocare Corporation | Method for electrosurgical treatment of submucosal tissue |
US5707369A (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1998-01-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Temperature feedback monitor for hemostatic surgical instrument |
US5697949A (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1997-12-16 | Symbiosis Corporation | Small diameter endoscopic instruments |
US5637111A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1997-06-10 | Conmed Corporation | Bipolar electrosurgical instrument with desiccation feature |
US6837888B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2005-01-04 | Arthrocare Corporation | Electrosurgical probe with movable return electrode and methods related thereto |
US7090672B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2006-08-15 | Arthrocare Corporation | Method for treating obstructive sleep disorder includes removing tissue from the base of tongue |
EP0771176B2 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 2006-01-04 | Gyrus Medical Limited | An electrosurgical instrument |
GB9600377D0 (en) | 1996-01-09 | 1996-03-13 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical instrument |
US6293942B1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 2001-09-25 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical generator method |
WO1997000646A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1997-01-09 | Gyrus Medical Limited | An electrosurgical instrument |
GB9526627D0 (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1996-02-28 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | An electrosurgical instrument and an electrosurgical electrode assembly |
US6023638A (en) | 1995-07-28 | 2000-02-08 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | System and method for conducting electrophysiological testing using high-voltage energy pulses to stun tissue |
US5653692A (en) | 1995-09-07 | 1997-08-05 | Innerdyne Medical, Inc. | Method and system for direct heating of fluid solution in a hollow body organ |
US5667526A (en) | 1995-09-07 | 1997-09-16 | Levin; John M. | Tissue retaining clamp |
US5776130A (en) | 1995-09-19 | 1998-07-07 | Valleylab, Inc. | Vascular tissue sealing pressure control |
US5683385A (en) | 1995-09-19 | 1997-11-04 | Symbiosis Corporation | Electrocautery connector for a bipolar push rod assembly |
US5674220A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1997-10-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical clamping device |
US5979453A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1999-11-09 | Femrx, Inc. | Needle myolysis system for uterine fibriods |
US5817092A (en) * | 1995-11-09 | 1998-10-06 | Radio Therapeutics Corporation | Apparatus, system and method for delivering radio frequency energy to a treatment site |
US6059782A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 2000-05-09 | Storz Endoskop Gmbh | Bipolar high-frequency surgical instrument |
US6461350B1 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 2002-10-08 | Arthrocare Corporation | Systems and methods for electrosurgical-assisted lipectomy |
US6896672B1 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 2005-05-24 | Arthrocare Corporation | Methods for electrosurgical incisions on external skin surfaces |
US5658281A (en) | 1995-12-04 | 1997-08-19 | Valleylab Inc | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors and method of manufacture |
US5837001A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-11-17 | C. R. Bard | Radio frequency energy delivery system for multipolar electrode catheters |
US6245069B1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2001-06-12 | Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cutting loop electrode for high-frequency instrument |
GB9600354D0 (en) | 1996-01-09 | 1996-03-13 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical instrument |
US6013076A (en) | 1996-01-09 | 2000-01-11 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical instrument |
US6090106A (en) | 1996-01-09 | 2000-07-18 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical instrument |
US5683388A (en) | 1996-01-11 | 1997-11-04 | Symbiosis Corporation | Endoscopic bipolar multiple sample bioptome |
US5755717A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1998-05-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical clamping device with improved coagulation feedback |
DE19603981C2 (de) | 1996-02-05 | 1998-11-05 | Wolf Gmbh Richard | Medizinisches Instrument zur Uterusmanipulation |
US5702390A (en) | 1996-03-12 | 1997-12-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bioplar cutting and coagulation instrument |
SE508742C2 (sv) | 1996-03-25 | 1998-11-02 | Safe Conduct Ab | Anordning för användning vid endoskopiska operationer, för att fixera, omsluta, dela upp och föra ut ett preparat |
US5700261A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-12-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar Scissors |
US5823066A (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 1998-10-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Articulation transmission mechanism for surgical instruments |
US6066139A (en) | 1996-05-14 | 2000-05-23 | Sherwood Services Ag | Apparatus and method for sterilization and embolization |
US5733283A (en) | 1996-06-05 | 1998-03-31 | Malis; Jerry L. | Flat loop bipolar electrode tips for electrosurgical instrument |
DE19623840A1 (de) | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-18 | Berchtold Gmbh & Co Geb | Elektrochirurgischer Hochfrequenz-Generator |
US6565561B1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 2003-05-20 | Cyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical instrument |
US5931836A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1999-08-03 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Electrosurgery apparatus and medical apparatus combined with the same |
US5735289A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-04-07 | Pfeffer; Herbert G. | Method and apparatus for organic specimen retrieval |
US6126682A (en) | 1996-08-13 | 2000-10-03 | Oratec Interventions, Inc. | Method for treating annular fissures in intervertebral discs |
US6371956B1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 2002-04-16 | Endoscopic Concepts, Inc. | Monopolar electrosurgical end effectors |
US5954720A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1999-09-21 | Endoscopic Concepts, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical end effectors |
US6312430B1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 2001-11-06 | Endoscopic Concepts, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical end effectors |
US6454764B1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2002-09-24 | Richard P. Fleenor | Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode |
US6544258B2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2003-04-08 | Mega-Dyne Medical Products, Inc. | Pressure sore pad having self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode properties and optional heating/cooling capabilities |
US7166102B2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2007-01-23 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Self-limiting electrosurgical return electrode |
US5735849A (en) | 1996-11-07 | 1998-04-07 | Everest Medical Corporation | Endoscopic forceps with thumb-slide lock release mechanism |
NO303522B1 (no) | 1996-11-08 | 1998-07-27 | Nyfotek As | Sondeanordning |
US5891142A (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1999-04-06 | Eggers & Associates, Inc. | Electrosurgical forceps |
GB9626512D0 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1997-02-05 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | An improved electrosurgical generator and system |
US5893874A (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1999-04-13 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US6626901B1 (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 2003-09-30 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Electrothermal instrument for sealing and joining or cutting tissue |
USH1904H (en) | 1997-05-14 | 2000-10-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostatic method and device |
USH2037H1 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 2002-07-02 | David C. Yates | Electrosurgical hemostatic device including an anvil |
US5817091A (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1998-10-06 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Electrosurgical device having a visible indicator |
ATE499045T1 (de) | 1997-06-05 | 2011-03-15 | Adiana Inc | Vorrichtung zur weiblichen sterilisation |
GB2327352A (en) | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-27 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical instrument |
AU733337B2 (en) | 1997-07-18 | 2001-05-10 | Gyrus Medical Limited | An electrosurgical instrument |
US6096037A (en) | 1997-07-29 | 2000-08-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Tissue sealing electrosurgery device and methods of sealing tissue |
US6923803B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2005-08-02 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical system and method |
US6485486B1 (en) | 1997-08-05 | 2002-11-26 | Trustees Of Dartmouth College | System and methods for fallopian tube occlusion |
US6102909A (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2000-08-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Scissorlike electrosurgical cutting instrument |
US6024744A (en) | 1997-08-27 | 2000-02-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Combined bipolar scissor and grasper |
WO1999012488A1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 1999-03-18 | Sherwood Services Ag | Bipolar instrument for vessel fusion |
US6258084B1 (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2001-07-10 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method for applying energy to biological tissue including the use of tumescent tissue compression |
US6179832B1 (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2001-01-30 | Vnus Medical Technologies, Inc. | Expandable catheter having two sets of electrodes |
US5836990A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1998-11-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining electrode/tissue contact |
US5865361A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1999-02-02 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical stapling apparatus |
US6494881B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrode-surgical tissue removal having a selectively insulated electrode |
US6039735A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 2000-03-21 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Electric field concentrated electrosurgical electrode |
AU729125B2 (en) | 1997-10-03 | 2001-01-25 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Electric field concentrated electrosurgical electrode |
US6283963B1 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2001-09-04 | Ethicon, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical scissors for fine or delicate surgical dissection |
EP1027000A4 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 2001-09-12 | Camran Nezhat | ORGAN RESECTION METHODS AND SYSTEMS |
US6071281A (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2000-06-06 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Surgical method and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic or therapeutic element within the body and remote power control unit for use with same |
US5893835A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-04-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Ultrasonic clamp coagulator apparatus having dual rotational positioning |
US6352536B1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2002-03-05 | Sherwood Services Ag | Bipolar electrosurgical instrument for sealing vessels |
EP1041933B1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2004-03-31 | ArthroCare Corporation | Systems for electrosurgical treatment of the skin |
EP1039862B1 (en) | 1997-12-15 | 2008-05-21 | ArthroCare Corporation | Systems for electrosurgical treatment of the head and neck |
US6645201B1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2003-11-11 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating dysfunctions in the intestines and rectum |
US6059766A (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2000-05-09 | Micro Therapeutics, Inc. | Gynecologic embolotherapy methods |
GB9807303D0 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1998-06-03 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | An electrode assembly for an electrosurgical instrument |
GB2335858A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-06 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Resectoscope having pivoting electrode assembly |
US6003517A (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-12-21 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method for using an electrosurgical device on lung tissue |
US6030384A (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2000-02-29 | Nezhat; Camran | Bipolar surgical instruments having focused electrical fields |
US6514252B2 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 2003-02-04 | Perfect Surgical Techniques, Inc. | Bipolar surgical instruments having focused electrical fields |
US6327505B1 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 2001-12-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for rf intraluminal reduction and occlusion |
US6361559B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2002-03-26 | Converge Medical, Inc. | Thermal securing anastomosis systems |
US6050993A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-04-18 | Quantum Therapeutics Corp. | Medical device and methods for treating hemorrhoids |
US6889089B2 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2005-05-03 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treating tumors near the surface of an organ |
US6086586A (en) | 1998-09-14 | 2000-07-11 | Enable Medical Corporation | Bipolar tissue grasping apparatus and tissue welding method |
US6050995A (en) | 1998-09-24 | 2000-04-18 | Scimed Lifesystems, Inc. | Polypectomy snare with multiple bipolar electrodes |
US7267677B2 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2007-09-11 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing instrument |
US7364577B2 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2008-04-29 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing system |
US7137980B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2006-11-21 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
US7901400B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2011-03-08 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
US6398779B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2002-06-04 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing system |
US20100042093A9 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2010-02-18 | Wham Robert H | System and method for terminating treatment in impedance feedback algorithm |
DE69941305D1 (de) | 1998-11-20 | 2009-10-01 | Intuitive Surgical Inc | System für Durchführung herzchirurgischer Eingriffe ohne Kardioplegie |
US6176858B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2001-01-23 | Medsys S.A. | Electrosurgical loop and instrument for laparoscopic surgery |
US6436096B1 (en) | 1998-11-27 | 2002-08-20 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Electrosurgical apparatus with stable coagulation |
US6210406B1 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-04-03 | Cordis Webster, Inc. | Split tip electrode catheter and signal processing RF ablation system |
US6254601B1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2001-07-03 | Hysterx, Inc. | Methods for occlusion of the uterine arteries |
US7070595B2 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2006-07-04 | Medwaves, Inc. | Radio-frequency based catheter system and method for ablating biological tissues |
US7001380B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2006-02-21 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical system and method |
US6423057B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2002-07-23 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling tissue temperature and lesion formation in radio-frequency ablation procedures |
US6174309B1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2001-01-16 | Medical Scientific, Inc. | Seal & cut electrosurgical instrument |
WO2000051512A1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-08 | Sun Star Technology, Inc. | Hollow hot tip catheter |
US6582427B1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2003-06-24 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgery system |
US6398781B1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2002-06-04 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgery system |
US6520185B1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2003-02-18 | Ntero Surgical, Inc. | Systems and methods for reducing post-surgical complications |
US6645198B1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2003-11-11 | Ntero Surgical, Inc. | Systems and methods for reducing post-surgical complications |
US6228084B1 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2001-05-08 | Kirwan Surgical Products, Inc. | Electro-surgical forceps having recessed irrigation channel |
US6939346B2 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2005-09-06 | Oratec Interventions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling a temperature-controlled probe |
US6203541B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2001-03-20 | Sherwood Services Ag | Automatic activation of electrosurgical generator bipolar output |
US6258085B1 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2001-07-10 | Sherwood Services Ag | Electrosurgical return electrode monitor |
US6428550B1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2002-08-06 | Cardica, Inc. | Sutureless closure and deployment system for connecting blood vessels |
US7416550B2 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2008-08-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for the control and monitoring of shape change in tissue |
US7147633B2 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2006-12-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of atrial fibrillation |
US6391024B1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2002-05-21 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | RF ablation apparatus and method having electrode/tissue contact assessment scheme and electrocardiogram filtering |
US8287554B2 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2012-10-16 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method and devices for tissue reconfiguration |
US6238392B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2001-05-29 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical instrument including a plurality of balloon electrodes |
EP1455668A2 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2004-09-15 | Thermage, Inc. | Liquid cooled rf handpiece |
US6293946B1 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-09-25 | Link Technology, Inc. | Non-stick electrosurgical forceps |
JP2003523225A (ja) | 1999-09-08 | 2003-08-05 | キューロン メディカル,インコーポレイテッド | 医療デバイスの使用をモニタリングし、制御するシステムおよび方法 |
US6485489B2 (en) | 1999-10-02 | 2002-11-26 | Quantum Cor, Inc. | Catheter system for repairing a mitral valve annulus |
US6287304B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2001-09-11 | Neothermia Corporation | Interstitial cauterization of tissue volumes with electrosurgically deployed electrodes |
US9579091B2 (en) | 2000-01-05 | 2017-02-28 | Integrated Vascular Systems, Inc. | Closure system and methods of use |
US6610074B2 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2003-08-26 | Albert N. Santilli | Aorta cross clamp assembly |
US6663622B1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2003-12-16 | Iotek, Inc. | Surgical devices and methods for use in tissue ablation procedures |
US6722371B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-04-20 | Thomas J. Fogarty | Device for accurately marking tissue |
EP1259155B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2010-12-08 | Fogarty, Thomas J. | Improved device for accurately marking tissue |
US6564806B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2003-05-20 | Thomas J. Fogarty | Device for accurately marking tissue |
US6443947B1 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2002-09-03 | Alexei Marko | Device for thermal ablation of a cavity |
US6953461B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2005-10-11 | Tissuelink Medical, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods |
ES2643763T3 (es) | 2000-03-06 | 2017-11-24 | Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Sistema de suministro de fluido y controlador para dispositivos electroquirúrgicos |
US8048070B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2011-11-01 | Salient Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Fluid-assisted medical devices, systems and methods |
US6770070B1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-03 | Rita Medical Systems, Inc. | Lung treatment apparatus and method |
US6926712B2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2005-08-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Clamp having at least one malleable clamp member and surgical method employing the same |
US7223279B2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2007-05-29 | Vascular Control Systems, Inc. | Methods for minimally-invasive, non-permanent occlusion of a uterine artery |
AU2001249874A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-11-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method for assessing transmurality of ablation lesions |
US20020107514A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2002-08-08 | Hooven Michael D. | Transmural ablation device with parallel jaws |
US6546935B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2003-04-15 | Atricure, Inc. | Method for transmural ablation |
US6673085B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2004-01-06 | St. Jude Medical Atg, Inc. | Anastomosis techniques |
US6546933B1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-04-15 | Inbae Yoon | Occlusion apparatus and method for necrotizing anatomical tissue structures |
US6569160B1 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2003-05-27 | Biosense, Inc. | System and method for detecting electrode-tissue contact |
WO2002007611A2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Atropos Limited | A surgical instrument |
US6830174B2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2004-12-14 | Cerebral Vascular Applications, Inc. | Medical instrument |
US6500176B1 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2002-12-31 | Csaba Truckai | Electrosurgical systems and techniques for sealing tissue |
US6656177B2 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2003-12-02 | Csaba Truckai | Electrosurgical systems and techniques for sealing tissue |
US6843789B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2005-01-18 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical system |
US6893435B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2005-05-17 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical system |
US7549987B2 (en) * | 2000-12-09 | 2009-06-23 | Tsunami Medtech, Llc | Thermotherapy device |
US6752804B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2004-06-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Ablation system and method having multiple-sensor electrodes to assist in assessment of electrode and sensor position and adjustment of energy levels |
US6840938B1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-01-11 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Bipolar cauterizing instrument |
US7628780B2 (en) | 2001-01-13 | 2009-12-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue |
US7740623B2 (en) | 2001-01-13 | 2010-06-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue |
US6464702B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2002-10-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument with closing tube for conducting RF energy and moving jaws |
US6458128B1 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2002-10-01 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument with a longitudinal element for conducting RF energy and moving a cutting element |
US6554829B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-04-29 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument with minimally invasive jaws |
US6699245B2 (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2004-03-02 | A-Med Systems, Inc. | Anastomosis system and related methods |
US6533784B2 (en) | 2001-02-24 | 2003-03-18 | Csaba Truckai | Electrosurgical working end for transecting and sealing tissue |
US7422586B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2008-09-09 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Tissue surface treatment apparatus and method |
US6682527B2 (en) | 2001-03-13 | 2004-01-27 | Perfect Surgical Techniques, Inc. | Method and system for heating tissue with a bipolar instrument |
JP4227415B2 (ja) | 2001-03-28 | 2009-02-18 | ヴァスキュラー・コントロール・システムズ・インコーポレーテッド | 子宮動脈を検知及び結紮する方法及び装置 |
US7101373B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2006-09-05 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7090673B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2006-08-15 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7101371B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2006-09-05 | Dycus Sean T | Vessel sealer and divider |
DE60139815D1 (de) * | 2001-04-06 | 2009-10-15 | Covidien Ag | Vorrichtung zum Abdichten und Teilen eines Gefässes mit nicht leitendem Endanschlag |
US7118587B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2006-10-10 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US7101372B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2006-09-05 | Sherwood Sevices Ag | Vessel sealer and divider |
US20030229344A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-12-11 | Dycus Sean T. | Vessel sealer and divider and method of manufacturing same |
US6699240B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2004-03-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for tissue ablation |
US6989010B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2006-01-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation system and method of use |
US7250048B2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2007-07-31 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation system and method of use |
US6648883B2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2003-11-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation system and method of use |
US6913579B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2005-07-05 | Surgrx, Inc. | Electrosurgical working end and method for obtaining tissue samples for biopsy |
US20020177848A1 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2002-11-28 | Csaba Truckai | Electrosurgical working end for sealing tissue |
US7090685B2 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2006-08-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical tool having a distal ratchet mechanism |
US20060199999A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2006-09-07 | Intuitive Surgical Inc. | Cardiac tissue ablation instrument with flexible wrist |
US6817974B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2004-11-16 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Surgical tool having positively positionable tendon-actuated multi-disk wrist joint |
US6616659B1 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-09-09 | Starion Instruments Corporation | Polypectomy device and method |
US6616654B2 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-09-09 | Starion Instruments Corporation | Polypectomy device and method |
US6808525B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2004-10-26 | Gyrus Medical, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical hook probe for cutting and coagulating tissue |
US7344532B2 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2008-03-18 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical generator and system |
JP2005501609A (ja) | 2001-09-05 | 2005-01-20 | ティシューリンク・メディカル・インコーポレーテッド | 流体補助式医療器具、この器具のための流体供給システムとコントローラ及び方法 |
US6616661B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-09-09 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical device for clamping, ligating, and severing tissue |
US6652518B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-11-25 | Ethicon, Inc. | Transmural ablation tool and method |
US20050226682A1 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2005-10-13 | David Chersky | Method and apparatus for improved stiffness in the linkage assembly of a flexible arm |
US6929644B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2005-08-16 | Surgrx Inc. | Electrosurgical jaw structure for controlled energy delivery |
US6770072B1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2004-08-03 | Surgrx, Inc. | Electrosurgical jaw structure for controlled energy delivery |
US6926716B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2005-08-09 | Surgrx Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument |
US7125409B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2006-10-24 | Surgrx, Inc. | Electrosurgical working end for controlled energy delivery |
US6602252B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-08-05 | Starion Instruments Corporation | Combined dissecting, cauterizing, and stapling device |
US6676660B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2004-01-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Feedback light apparatus and method for use with an electrosurgical instrument |
US6827715B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-12-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method of performing an electrosurgical procedure |
US6932816B2 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2005-08-23 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Apparatus for converting a clamp into an electrophysiology device |
US6648839B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-11-18 | Misonix, Incorporated | Ultrasonic medical treatment device for RF cauterization and related method |
US6736814B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2004-05-18 | Misonix, Incorporated | Ultrasonic medical treatment device for bipolar RF cauterization and related method |
US6746488B1 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2004-06-08 | Biomet, Inc. | Method and apparatus for hindering osteolysis in porous implants |
US6918909B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2005-07-19 | Olympus Corporation | Resectoscope apparatus |
EP1499242B1 (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2017-03-29 | Covidien LP | Localization element with energized tip |
US20050131390A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2005-06-16 | Russell Heinrich | Surgical instruments including mems devices |
EP1503671B1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2006-10-11 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Wound closure material applicator and stapler |
US6852108B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2005-02-08 | Spiration, Inc. | Apparatus and method for resecting and removing selected body tissue from a site inside a patient |
US7367974B2 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2008-05-06 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Electrode array for tissue ablation |
US7220260B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2007-05-22 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical system |
US6929642B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2005-08-16 | Ethicon, Inc. | RF device for treating the uterus |
US7033356B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2006-04-25 | Gyrus Medical, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical instrument for cutting desiccating and sealing tissue |
US7291161B2 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2007-11-06 | Atricure, Inc. | Articulated clamping member |
US7931649B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2011-04-26 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Vessel sealing instrument with electrical cutting mechanism |
US7276068B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2007-10-02 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing instrument with electrical cutting mechanism |
US7270664B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2007-09-18 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing instrument with electrical cutting mechanism |
CA2500569A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-22 | Sherwood Services Ag | Electrosurgical instrument for sealing vessels |
US6960209B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2005-11-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrosurgical methods and apparatus for making precise incisions in body vessels |
US7083620B2 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2006-08-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostat |
US7799026B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2010-09-21 | Covidien Ag | Compressible jaw configuration with bipolar RF output electrodes for soft tissue fusion |
US7195627B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2007-03-27 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical generator |
US6936048B2 (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2005-08-30 | Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hospital Authority | Echogenic needle for transvaginal ultrasound directed reduction of uterine fibroids and an associated method |
US7169146B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2007-01-30 | Surgrx, Inc. | Electrosurgical probe and method of use |
US20060052779A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2006-03-09 | Hammill Curt D | Electrode assembly for tissue fusion |
US7160299B2 (en) | 2003-05-01 | 2007-01-09 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method of fusing biomaterials with radiofrequency energy |
CA2523675C (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2016-04-26 | Sherwood Services Ag | Electrosurgical instrument which reduces thermal damage to adjacent tissue |
US8128624B2 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2012-03-06 | Covidien Ag | Electrosurgical instrument that directs energy delivery and protects adjacent tissue |
EP1628586B1 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2011-07-06 | Covidien AG | Tissue sealer with non-conductive variable stop members |
US7410483B2 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2008-08-12 | Novare Surgical Systems, Inc. | Hand-actuated device for remote manipulation of a grasping tool |
US8100824B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2012-01-24 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Tool with articulation lock |
US7090637B2 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2006-08-15 | Novare Surgical Systems, Inc. | Articulating mechanism for remote manipulation of a surgical or diagnostic tool |
US7150097B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2006-12-19 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method of manufacturing jaw assembly for vessel sealer and divider |
US7494039B2 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2009-02-24 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Surgical stapling device |
EP2428168B1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2014-09-17 | Covidien LP | Surgical stapling device |
JP4231743B2 (ja) | 2003-07-07 | 2009-03-04 | オリンパス株式会社 | 生体組織切除装置 |
US6981628B2 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2006-01-03 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with a lateral-moving articulation control |
US6994705B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2006-02-07 | Ethicon-Endo Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic mucosal resection device with conductive tissue stop |
US7186252B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2007-03-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic mucosal resection device and method of use |
US7135018B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-11-14 | Ethicon, Inc. | Electrosurgical instrument and method for transecting an organ |
US7147650B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2006-12-12 | Woojin Lee | Surgical instrument |
US20050096645A1 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-05 | Parris Wellman | Multitool surgical device |
WO2005048862A2 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2005-06-02 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | System and method for tissue ablation |
US7252667B2 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2007-08-07 | Sherwood Services Ag | Open vessel sealing instrument with cutting mechanism and distal lockout |
US7442193B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2008-10-28 | Covidien Ag | Electrically conductive/insulative over-shoe for tissue fusion |
US20050209664A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2005-09-22 | Angiotech International Ag | Electrical devices and anti-scarring agents |
US20050208095A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2005-09-22 | Angiotech International Ag | Polymer compositions and methods for their use |
US7169145B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2007-01-30 | Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. | Tuned return electrode with matching inductor |
US8002770B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2011-08-23 | Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) | Clamp based methods and apparatus for forming lesions in tissue and confirming whether a therapeutic lesion has been formed |
US20050149073A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Arani Djavad T. | Mechanisms and methods used in the anastomosis of biological conduits |
JP4826953B2 (ja) | 2004-01-23 | 2011-11-30 | エーエムエス・リサーチ・コーポレーション | 組織を固定し、切断する道具と方法 |
US7204835B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2007-04-17 | Gyrus Medical, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US8048086B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2011-11-01 | Femasys Inc. | Methods and devices for conduit occlusion |
US7703459B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2010-04-27 | Usgi Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for mapping out endoluminal gastrointestinal surgery |
US7179254B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2007-02-20 | Ethicon, Inc. | High intensity ablation device |
US7288088B2 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2007-10-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Clamp based low temperature lesion formation apparatus, systems and methods |
US8333764B2 (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2012-12-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method for determining tissue thickness and creating cardiac ablation lesions |
WO2005112810A2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-01 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Rf ablation device and method of use |
GB2414185A (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-11-23 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Morcellating device using cutting electrodes on end-face of tube |
US7506790B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2009-03-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument incorporating an electrically actuated articulation mechanism |
US8057508B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2011-11-15 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument incorporating an electrically actuated articulation locking mechanism |
US20060025812A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument incorporating an electrically actuated pivoting articulation mechanism |
WO2006015354A2 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-09 | Washington University In St. Louis | Electrosurgical systems and methods |
US7540872B2 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2009-06-02 | Covidien Ag | Articulating bipolar electrosurgical instrument |
US20060079872A1 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Eggleston Jeffrey L | Devices for detecting heating under a patient return electrode |
US7628792B2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2009-12-08 | Covidien Ag | Bilateral foot jaws |
US7553309B2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2009-06-30 | Covidien Ag | Electrosurgical system employing multiple electrodes and method thereof |
US7481225B2 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2009-01-27 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical instrument including an end effector having a medical-treatment electrode |
US7780054B2 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2010-08-24 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with laterally moved shaft actuator coupled to pivoting articulation joint |
US7784662B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2010-08-31 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with articulating shaft with single pivot closure and double pivot frame ground |
US7654431B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2010-02-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with guided laterally moving articulation member |
US20060289602A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical instrument with articulating shaft with double pivot closure and single pivot frame ground |
US7491202B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2009-02-17 | Covidien Ag | Electrosurgical forceps with slow closure sealing plates and method of sealing tissue |
US7862565B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2011-01-04 | Aragon Surgical, Inc. | Method for tissue cauterization |
US8728072B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2014-05-20 | Aesculap Ag | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US8696662B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2014-04-15 | Aesculap Ag | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US20060259035A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Camran Nezhat | Method and Apparatus for Performing a Surgical Procedure |
US7803156B2 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2010-09-28 | Aragon Surgical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical electrocautery |
US9339323B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2016-05-17 | Aesculap Ag | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US7762960B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-07-27 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Biopsy forceps assemblies |
US20060271037A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Forcept, Inc. | Assisted systems and methods for performing transvaginal hysterectomies |
US20060271042A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | Gyrus Medical, Inc. | Cutting and coagulating electrosurgical forceps having cam controlled jaw closure |
US7500974B2 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2009-03-10 | Covidien Ag | Electrode with rotatably deployable sheath |
US20070005061A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-04 | Forcept, Inc. | Transvaginal uterine artery occlusion |
US20070005053A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-04 | Dando Jeremy D | Ablation catheter with contoured openings in insulated electrodes |
US7641651B2 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2010-01-05 | Aragon Surgical, Inc. | Devices and methods for mobilization of the uterus |
EP1747761B1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2009-10-14 | Covidien AG | An electrode assembly with electrode cooling element for an electrosurgical instrument |
US7472815B2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2009-01-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instruments with collapsible features for controlling staple height |
US20070128174A1 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2007-06-07 | Kleinsek Donald A | Methods and compositions for organ and tissue functionality |
EP1767164B1 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2013-01-09 | Covidien AG | Electrode assembly for tissue fusion |
WO2007067940A2 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-14 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Assessment of electrode coupling for tissue ablation |
EP1996243B1 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2014-04-23 | HyperBranch Medical Technology, Inc. | Crosslinked gels comprising polyalkyleneimines, and their uses as medical devices |
CA2574935A1 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-24 | Sherwood Services Ag | A method and system for controlling an output of a radio-frequency medical generator having an impedance based control algorithm |
US8216223B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2012-07-10 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
US8147485B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2012-04-03 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
US8685016B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2014-04-01 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
US8882766B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2014-11-11 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for controlling delivery of energy to divide tissue |
EP3210557B1 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2018-10-17 | Covidien AG | System for tissue sealing |
US8574229B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2013-11-05 | Aesculap Ag | Surgical tool |
US20070265613A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-15 | Edelstein Peter Seth | Method and apparatus for sealing tissue |
US20070282318A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-12-06 | Spooner Gregory J | Subcutaneous thermolipolysis using radiofrequency energy |
US20070282320A1 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-06 | Sherwood Services Ag | System and method for controlling tissue heating rate prior to cellular vaporization |
US9498277B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2016-11-22 | Conmed Corporation | Apparatus and method for rapid reliable electrothermal tissue fusion and simultaneous cutting |
US9492220B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2016-11-15 | Conmed Corporation | Apparatus and method for rapid reliable electrothermal tissue fusion |
US8083739B2 (en) | 2007-05-02 | 2011-12-27 | Atricure, Inc. | Two-piece jaw for bipolar ablation device |
US8377059B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2013-02-19 | Covidien Ag | Cordless medical cauterization and cutting device |
US8758342B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2014-06-24 | Covidien Ag | Cordless power-assisted medical cauterization and cutting device |
US20090198272A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-06 | Lawrence Kerver | Method and apparatus for articulating the wrist of a laparoscopic grasping instrument |
US8491581B2 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2013-07-23 | Covidien Ag | Method for powering a surgical instrument |
WO2009154976A2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-23 | Maquet Cardiovascular Llc | Surgical instrument and method |
US20100280508A1 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | Joseph Charles Eder | Method and Apparatus for RF Anastomosis |
-
2007
- 2007-02-06 US US11/671,911 patent/US8728072B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-01-31 ES ES08826108.6T patent/ES2541784T3/es active Active
- 2008-01-31 WO PCT/US2008/052656 patent/WO2009009157A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-01-31 AU AU2008275543A patent/AU2008275543B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-01-31 EP EP20080826108 patent/EP2109407B1/en active Active
- 2008-01-31 JP JP2009549183A patent/JP2010526557A/ja active Pending
- 2008-01-31 CN CN200880005613.7A patent/CN101998843B/zh active Active
- 2008-01-31 MX MX2009008480A patent/MX2009008480A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-01-31 CA CA002677444A patent/CA2677444A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-31 KR KR1020097018104A patent/KR101457724B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4200104A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1980-04-29 | Valleylab, Inc. | Contact area measurement apparatus for use in electrosurgery |
WO2006045090A2 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-27 | Resect Medical, Inc. | Thermal hemostasis and/or coagulation of tissue |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105744908A (zh) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-07-06 | 捷锐士阿希迈公司(以奥林巴斯美国外科技术名义) | 具有带有可切换电极的抓紧器和勒除器的电外科系统 |
CN107874804A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-06 | 海南瑞韩医学美容医院管理有限公司海口龙华京华城红妆医学美容门诊部 | 双重止血钳 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8728072B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
EP2109407A2 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
CN101998843B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
KR20090116763A (ko) | 2009-11-11 |
JP2012254312A (ja) | 2012-12-27 |
CA2677444A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
AU2008275543A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
ES2541784T3 (es) | 2015-07-24 |
MX2009008480A (es) | 2009-12-15 |
JP5538492B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
WO2009009157A3 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
US20070185482A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
AU2008275543B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
EP2109407B1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
EP2109407A4 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
WO2009009157A2 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
KR101457724B1 (ko) | 2014-11-04 |
JP2010526557A (ja) | 2010-08-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101998843B (zh) | 电灼方法和设备 | |
CN102083386B (zh) | 电灼方法和设备 | |
US10973565B2 (en) | Interdigitation of waveforms for dual-output electrosurgical generators | |
CN100409822C (zh) | 用于体组织电外科硬化的装置 | |
US9339323B2 (en) | Electrocautery method and apparatus | |
US9522041B2 (en) | Current-fed push-pull converter with passive voltage clamp | |
CN104159537A (zh) | 利用电容性元件进行识别的方法和装置 | |
CN110123445B (zh) | 高频高压电路分时复用控制装置及多电极射频消融系统 | |
JP5538492B6 (ja) | 電気焼灼方法と装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SNAKE BRAND INC. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ARAGON SURGICAL INC. Effective date: 20141212 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20141212 Address after: German Tutt Lingen Patentee after: Aesculap AG Address before: American California Patentee before: Aragon Surgical Inc. |