CN101991488B - 用于传输动态沉积和静态保留的流体的三维多孔薄膜 - Google Patents

用于传输动态沉积和静态保留的流体的三维多孔薄膜 Download PDF

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CN101991488B
CN101991488B CN201010249819.3A CN201010249819A CN101991488B CN 101991488 B CN101991488 B CN 101991488B CN 201010249819 A CN201010249819 A CN 201010249819A CN 101991488 B CN101991488 B CN 101991488B
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R·J·赛勒
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Feiteshi Film Products Co ltd
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Abstract

一种用作吸收制品内的转移层的三维薄膜,其具有连续表面和通常平行于所述连续表面放置并与所述连续表面隔开的不连续表面;所述连续表面和不连续表面都具有大尺寸开孔,所述大尺寸开孔由源自所述表面并从该表面向外延伸的侧壁限定,且其尺寸允许通过重力获取流体,且各表面任选包括小尺寸开孔,其尺寸为能通过毛细管作用获取流体。

Description

用于传输动态沉积和静态保留的流体的三维多孔薄膜
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2009年1月29日提交的美国专利申请12/316,323的部分继续申请,而美国专利申请12/316,323是2006年11月14日提交的美国专利申请11/559,601(现为美国专利7,518,032)的继续申请。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种适用于吸收制品中转移层的三维多孔薄膜。
背景技术
用于吸收体液的吸收制品是众所周知的。这些制品通常包括一个由顶片覆盖的吸收芯体,其靠近使用者的皮肤定位并在使用时可以接触使用者的皮肤。适用于吸收制品中的顶片通常为开孔薄膜,无纺布或其层压组合物。所述吸收制品的例子包括尿布、失禁制品和卫生巾。
与吸收制品有关的一个问题是保持顶片面对穿戴者的表面干燥。通常,当面对穿戴者的表面保持干燥时,吸收制品会更加舒适。为保持面对穿戴者的表面干燥,吸收制品应当能够从顶片除去动态沉积和静态保持的流体并将它们传送到吸收芯。动态沉积的流体通常为使用者排出的大量流体,而静态保持的流体为通过表面张力而保留在顶片内或其上的残留流体。此外,需要该物品能够阻止传送到吸收芯的流体返回该制品的面对穿戴者的一侧---即称为“再润湿”的现象。
动态沉积的流体必须快速传输到吸收芯,以穿戴者的不适最小化并防止流体横向溢流而引起泄漏和弄脏衣服。这种通过顶片将动态沉积的流体快速传输到吸收芯的速度大于芯体的吸收速度。当吸收芯中含有大量超吸收聚合物时这种特征尤其明显。这种聚合物的吸收率与它们的流体保有率成反比。因此,尽管这种聚合物能够保留大量流体,但通常遇到的问题是它们需要时间来充分吸收这些流体。这导致未被吸收的流体集中到芯体表面上,并导致在顶片的更大面积上更大量的静态保持流体。
打算用转移层来解决这些问题。转移层被插入顶片和芯体之间并发挥若干主要功能。首先,转移层为离开穿戴者的流体提供了积累空间直到它们能被芯体吸收。其次,转移层为流体提供了从芯体的饱和区域侧向分散到较不饱和区域的途径。最后,由成型膜(不同于无纺纤维网)制成的转移层在芯体和顶片之间提供了额外的物理屏障,因此有助于降低再润湿。
发明内容
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了一种适用于吸收制品中转移层的三维多孔薄膜。该薄膜具有一组源于薄膜连续表面的开孔和第二组源于薄膜不连续表面的开孔。不连续表面上的开孔包括至少一个能够通过重力将动态沉积的流体传送穿过薄膜的较大的开孔。不连续表面还任选包括能够通过毛细管作用将静态保持的流体传递穿过薄膜的较小的开孔。连续表面的开孔可包括较大的开孔、较小的开孔或它们的组合。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了一种具有顶片、吸收芯、以及位于顶片和吸收芯之间的转移层的吸收制品,其中所述收集分布层包括三维多孔薄膜,该薄膜具有一组源于薄膜连续表面的开孔和第二组源于薄膜不连续表面的开孔。不连续表面上的开孔包括至少一个能够通过重力将动态沉积的流体传送穿过薄膜的较大的开孔。不连续表面还任选包括能够通过毛细管作用将静态保持的流体传递穿过薄膜的较小的开孔。连续表面的开孔可包括较大的开孔、较小的开孔或它们的组合。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本发明一实施方式的吸收制品的示意性横截面图。
图2显示了根据一实施方式的三维多孔薄膜的示意性横截面图。
图3显示了根据一实施方式的三维多孔薄膜的示意性横截面图。
图4显示了根据一实施方式的三维多孔薄膜的示意性横截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,显示了典型吸收制品10的简化图。吸收制品10基本上包括顶片12、收集分布层15、吸收芯体16和底片14。在这种一般的构造中可以包含其它层。吸收制品的例子包括尿片、失禁制品、卫生巾和类似制品。然而,应当理解,图1仅仅是为了举例而进行显示的,并且不应当构成对吸收制品的特定类型或构造的限制。
如图1所示,吸收制品10具有两个表面,面对穿戴者的表面或穿戴面18和面对衣服的表面或衣服衣面20。穿戴面18用于穿戴时靠近穿戴者的身体。吸收制品10的衣服衣面20位于相反侧面上,并且当穿戴吸收制品10时,用于靠近穿戴者的内衣或衣服放置。
如在图1中所看到的,当用作吸收制品的转移层时,三维薄膜15位于顶片12下面,并靠近吸收芯体16的上侧或面对穿戴者的一侧17。在一优选的实施例中,顶片包括由单独的纤维或线交错但不以任何规则的重复方式铺置而形成的任何无纺布织物。可以使用本领域通常公知的适用于顶片的任何非织造纤维网。在过去,非织造纤维网由多种工艺形成,例如,熔喷工艺、纺粘工艺以及粘合梳理纤网工艺。作为非织造纤网的替代或除非织造纤网之外,顶片12可包括本领域已知的三维薄膜。
现在参考图2,三维薄膜15包括其中具有多个引流管22的连续表面12。术语“连续表面”表示表面22上的任何点在不断开与该表面的接触时可从表面22上的任何其他点延伸到该点。引流管24由侧壁26限定,所述侧壁源自表面22并沿z-方向从表面22向下延伸,终止于侧壁26末端的开孔28。Z-方向定义为通常横穿薄膜平面,并在图2-4中用箭头“Z”表示。
薄膜15还包括具有上表面32的突起30。上表面32合起来包括相互隔开并通常与连续表面22平行的不连续表面。术语“不连续表面”表示表面32上的任何点在不断开与该表面的接触时不能从表面32上的任何其他点延伸到该点。任何一个突起的上表面都是连续表面,但各个突起30的表面32合起来形成薄膜的不连续表面。
众多引流管34由侧壁36限定,所述侧壁源自表面32并从表面32向下延伸,终止于侧壁36末端的开孔38。引流管34和侧壁36因此朝向连续表面22取向并与开孔24和侧壁26的方向相同,但位于不同平面内。除了引流管34,不连续表面32可包含毛细管,如毛细管33。毛细管33的基本结构与引流管34相同,由源自不连续表面32并从该表面向下延伸的侧壁35限定。开孔37位于侧壁35末端,因此通过毛细管33提供了流体连通。
参考图3,三维薄膜115包括其中具有多个料斗(bucket)40的连续表面12。在该实施方式中,料斗40也由源自连续表面22并沿z-方向向下延伸的侧壁42限定。料斗40还包括通常平行于连续表面22取向的底壁44。至少一个侧壁42中含有开孔46。底壁(也称为底表面)44基本没有开孔。通过在侧壁中提供开孔并使底表面保持基本完整,转移层115可提供对流体的控制,同时提供对吸收芯体视觉上的几乎完全隔离。在视觉上几乎完全隔离使得吸收物品具有改进的遮蔽特性,可隐藏被污染的吸收芯,这对于消费者是一种有益且需要的特性。
应理解,对开孔46的布局没有精确要求。对底表面44和侧壁42之间的分界线也没有明确定义。因此,在实践中可以是一部分底表面44是开孔的,即便大部分开孔46位于侧壁内。处于该理由,当我们声称底表面44基本未开孔时,我们的意思是说,底表面44中不超过10%或12%,优选不超过5%的表面区域被开孔占据。类似地,当我们声称开孔46位于侧壁42内时,我们的意思不是说100%的开放区域位于侧壁部分内。
在侧壁42内具有开孔46的实施方式可实现更好的控制以及薄膜在z-方向维度的柔性。尤其,不同于常规的多孔三维成型膜,转移层的z-方向维度由成型网的深度(即厚度)决定,与该网中对应于突起直径的开口的直径无关。
此外,由图3可见,薄膜115含有毛细管48,毛细管由侧壁47限定,所述侧壁源自连续表面22并沿z-方向从该表面向下延伸,终止于侧壁47末端的开孔49。包含侧壁开孔和毛细管的薄膜披露于上述2008年11月10日提交的待批和共有美国专利申请12/291,427中,该申请通过引用纳入本文。
图3的薄膜115还包括具有上表面32的突起30。如图2所示,上表面32合起来包括相互隔开并通常与连续表面22平行的不连续表面。众多引流管34由侧壁36限定,所述侧壁源自表面32并从表面32向下延伸,终止于侧壁36末端的开孔38。引流管34和侧壁36因此朝向连续表面22取向并与引流管24和侧壁26的方向相同,但位于不同平面内。如之前的实施方式,不连续表面也可包含毛细管,如毛细管33。
参考图4,薄膜215包括其中具有多个引流管22的连续表面12。引流管24由侧壁26限定,所述侧壁源自表面22并沿z-方向从表面22向下延伸,终止于侧壁26末端的开孔28。
图4的薄膜215还包括具有上表面32的突起30。上表面32合起来包括相互隔开并通常与连续表面22平行的不连续表面。众多引流管34由侧壁36限定,所述侧壁源自表面32并从表面32向下延伸,终止于侧壁36末端的开孔38。引流管34和侧壁36因此朝向连续表面22定向并与开孔24和侧壁26的方向相同,但位于不同平面内。如之前的实施方式,不连续表面也可包含毛细管,如毛细管33。
再看图4,薄膜215还含有至少一个盆地(basin)50和底壁54,所述盆地由侧壁52限定,所述侧壁源自连续表面22并沿z-方向向下延伸,所述底壁的取向基本平行于连续表面22。底壁54包含至少一个开孔56,所述开孔由源自底壁54并向下延伸的侧壁58限定。开孔60位于侧壁58末端,允许盆地50中收集的流体沿z-方向通过薄膜215。
当从上方观察时,无论开孔是引流管、毛细管、盆地或料斗,其形状可以是圆形、卵形、椭圆形、多边形或其他所需形状。此外,开孔可排列成任何所需图案或阵列并采取任何所需密度或目数(即单位长度上开孔的数目)。每英寸直线上可有2-25个引流管、料斗或盆地,更优选每英寸直线上有8-20个开孔,这样的目数通常适合吸收物品的转移层。
在一优选的实施例中,薄膜利用引流管并结合盆地和/或料斗以受控的速度传输动态沉积的流体,所述盆地和/或料斗在将所述流体传输到芯体之前能够收集并临时保留流体。这使得吸收芯有更多时间来吸收流体。
引流管24、料斗40和盆地50(合起来称为“大尺寸开孔”)的直径足够大,能允许刺激性(insult)流体在重力作用下或施加压力下通过三维膜获得,优选在递送流体时迅速通过。这些毛细管(也称为“小尺寸开孔”)33、38具有一定的尺寸使得毛细管展现出毛细作用,并因此能够传输与不连续表面32或连续表面22接触的流体。
突起30从连续表面22向上延伸。在优选实施方式中,突起30的不连续表面32将与顶片12的下表面接触或延伸进入顶片12内。突起30的不连续表面32内的引流管34和毛细管33的数目和排列对于本发明不是特别重要,可按照需要采取任何合适的排列、图案或目数,只要存在至少一个引流管34即可。在一个优选实施方式中,突起30含有1-10条引流管,更优选有3-5条引流管。任选地,每个突起30可含有1-10根毛细管。
薄膜的z-方向维度或高度可以是400-1700微米,取决于具体实施方式。从薄膜的连续表面22到突起30的不连续表面32的z-方向距离可以是50-300微米,更优选为100-250微米,并且最优选200微米。尽管图2和4列举的突起30的不连续表面32为共有平面,但这不是必要特征。因此,如果需要,每个突起30可以高于或低于任何其他突起30。
优选地,引流管和毛细管是逐渐变细的,从而其最大直径位于表面22或32的开口处。逐渐变细减小了流体从芯体经薄膜传输到顶层的可能性。引流管、料斗和盆地在形状上不需要为圆柱形的,以便以其预期的方式发生作用,只要它们足够大以允许迅速通过三维薄膜获取动态沉积的流体。因此,这些薄膜的结构必须具有一定的尺寸并具有适当的表面化学性质,以便它们不对动态沉积的流体形成障碍。已经发现直径大于400微米、更优选大于650微米不对流体流动形成障碍。
直径的上限主要由美学和再湿润因素决定。也就是说,薄膜中直径较大的开孔会使薄膜看起来趋于非常僵硬和粗糙,这会对消费者产生负面影响。同样,对较大直径而言,存在的更大可能性就是流体可以从吸收芯体(例如,压缩时)经薄膜传输到顶片。在一优选的实施例中,大尺寸的开孔,如引流管、桶或盆具有的直径优选不大于1200微米,并且更优选不大于1000微米。
如果开孔(引流管、盆、桶或毛细管)不具有“真实”的直径(例如,它们具有卵形开口),它们应当具有一定的尺寸以确保它们具有的等效水力直径(EHD)等于本文描述的相关直径。如本文所使用的,术语“等效水力直径”按如下公式定义:EHD=4A/P,其中,A为不规则开口的面积,以及P为不规则开口的周长。等效水力直径为具有类似于进行计算的不规则开口的流体流动性的圆形开口的直径。参见美国专利No.4,324,246,其结合于此作为参考。因此,本文使用的术语“直径”指表观直径或EHD。
毛细管具有较小的直径,使得它们略微不能在动态状态下发挥作用,以便将快速排出的相当大量流体直接传输到下面的吸收芯体。当然,如果尺寸和定位合适的话,毛细管就可以除去穿过薄膜的静态流体。毛细管不需要为圆柱形的,以便以预期的方式发挥作用。它们可以为规则的或不规则的形状。然而,毛细管必须具有一定的尺寸并具有适当的表面化学性质,使得它们显现毛细作用。已经发现直径小于375微米、更优选小于250微米的毛细管显现毛细作用。
在一优选的实施例中,最小的大开孔结构(即引流管、盆或桶)的直径与最大毛细管的直径之比优选为至少约为2,并更优选至少约为4。这些比例趋于确保三维薄膜将有效地通过重力传送动态沉积的流体,并通过毛细作用从顶片去除静态流体。
优选地,三维薄膜为多孔的热塑性薄膜,其具有的流出(run off)百分比约小于10%,并且其具有通过锥形引流管增加的液体流动速度。任何可以形成柔性薄膜或薄片的热塑性材料都可以用于生产本发明的新颖薄膜。流出百分比是衡量吸收制品或其组成部分获得液体的能力的一种熟知检测。可通过流体流出测试进行测量,其中,将试验样品保持与水平面成一定角度放置,在样品上施加流体,并将从样品流出的流体的量与被获取的流体的量进行比较。
例举的热塑性材料包括聚酯、聚酰胺、乙烯基聚合物和共聚物,例如,醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯醇、氯乙烯;聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乳酸以及聚烯烃,例如,聚乙烯、聚丙烯及其可以形成柔韧薄膜或薄片的共聚物或混合物。特别优选的多孔薄膜为聚乙烯和聚丙烯。一种适宜的材料为聚乙烯薄膜,其具有的厚度约为20微米-50微米。由所述材料制成的薄片或薄膜可以含有本领域内公知的添加剂,以获得希望的物理性能。
当使用疏水的热塑性材料诸如聚烯烃树脂形成三维薄膜时,对薄膜进行处理以使薄膜更加亲水。在一个实施方式中,可在树脂混合物中掺入迁移或起霜(blooming)表面活性剂,然后再将掺合物挤出形成薄膜。迁移表面活性剂给薄膜表面带来更多极性部分,但在技术上不会增强薄膜的极性因此是可润湿的。游离表面活性剂,如起霜表面活性剂,实现润湿的原因不仅是通过提高薄膜的表面能,而且通过溶解到液体中并减低其表面张力以造成润湿。在另一个实施方式中,在薄膜成型之后可进行电晕处理。电晕处理在薄膜表面引入与表面结合(至少临时结合)并确实提高薄膜表面能的离子物质。电晕处理还在薄膜中引入能增强表面活性剂迁移到薄膜表面的能量。这些方法在本领域中是已知的,例如在美国专利4,535,020和4,456,570中进行了揭示,这些专利文献通过引用纳入本文。再在另一个实施方式中,所述薄膜为多层膜,其包含朝向穿戴者的顶层表面上的较薄的亲水“皮肤”层以及离顶层最远的疏水树脂掺合物层。所述亲水皮肤层可含有非迁移表面活性剂或者可包含亲水聚合物。
如本文所使用的,术语“亲水性的”用于指可被沉积于其上的由含水流体(例如,含水的体液)湿润的表面。亲水性和可湿性通常用涉及的流体和固体表面之间的接触角和表面张力定义。当流体趋于自发铺展在表面上时可以说该表面由含水流体(亲水性的)湿润。相反,如果含水流体不趋于自发铺展在表面上,则该表面被视为“疏水性的”。
所述三维多孔薄膜也可通过直接融化真空成形薄膜(VFF)工艺形成。在直接熔融VFF工艺的这种情况下,熔融网状物挤出到成形筛网的成形区上。在成形筛网上施加的压差使熔融网状物顺从于成形筛网的三维形状以形成小室,最终在其尖端裂开成为开孔。可选地,网状物可以被重新加热并局部熔化,同时网状物位于成形筛网的成形区上,如在美国专利No.4,151,240中所指出的。希望熔融聚合物形成三维开孔,这是由于熔融聚合物更容易被拉入成形筛网的开孔中。本发明的三维多孔薄膜也可以由液压成形薄膜(HFF)工艺而形成。在HFF工艺中,当固体网状物横过成形筛网的成形区时,水射流形式的液压撞击在固体网状物上。高压水的压力使网状物顺从成形筛网的三维形状以形成小室,其最终在其尖端裂开变为开孔。
尽管上面已经描述并且特别举例说明了本发明的某些优选实施例,但是本发明并不意旨限于所述实施例。在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的前提下,可以据此进行各种修改,如下面权利要求书所提出的。

Claims (20)

1.一种适用于吸收制品中的转移层的三维多孔薄膜,其包含:
a)其中具有多个大尺寸开孔的连续表面,所述大尺寸开孔由源自所述连续表面并从该表面向外延伸的侧壁限定;
b)通常平行于所述连续表面放置并与所述连续表面隔开的不连续表面;所述不连续表面中具有大尺寸开孔,所述大尺寸开孔由源自所述不连续表面并从该表面向外延伸的侧壁限定,并且能够通过重力将动态沉积的流体传送穿过薄膜;
c)其中,所述连续表面上大尺寸开孔的取向与不连续表面上大尺寸开孔的方向相同。
2.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述连续表面和所述不连续表面上的所述大尺寸开孔的尺寸允许刺激性流体在重力作用下通过薄膜而被获取。
3.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述连续表面和所述不连续表面上的所述大尺寸开孔具有的直径为从400微米到1000微米。
4.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,还包含在所述连续表面和所述不连续表面至少之一上的小尺寸开孔。
5.如权利要求4所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述小尺寸开孔的尺寸允许流体在毛细管作用下通过薄膜而被获取。
6.根据权利要求4所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述小尺寸开孔具有的直径小于375微米。
7.根据权利要求4所述的薄膜,其中,所述小尺寸开孔具有的直径比所述连续表面和所述不连续表面上的所述大尺寸开孔的直径小至少4倍。
8.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述连续表面内的所述大尺寸开孔是引流管,其由依赖于所述连续表面的侧壁和位于侧壁末端的开孔限定。
9.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述不连续表面内的所述大尺寸开孔是引流管,其由依赖于所述不连续表面的侧壁和位于侧壁末端的开孔限定。
10.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述连续表面内的所述大尺寸开孔是盆地,其由从所述连续表面延伸的侧壁和底壁限定,所述底壁中具有至少一条流体通道。
11.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述连续表面内的所述大尺寸开孔是料斗,其由从所述连续表面延伸的侧壁和底壁限定,至少一个侧壁中具有开孔。
12.如权利要求1所述的薄膜,还包含多个从所述连续表面延伸的突起,所述各突起的上表面合起来包含不连续表面。
13.如权利要求12所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述突起的所述上表面在共有平面内。
14.如权利要求12所述的薄膜,其特征在于,所述突起在所述连续表面上延伸出100-250微米。
15.一种吸收制品,其包括具有上表面和下表面的非织造的纤维顶片;吸收芯体;以及位于所述顶片和所述吸收芯体之间的三维多孔薄膜;所述薄膜包含:
a)其中具有多个大尺寸开孔的连续表面,所述大尺寸开孔由源自所述连续表面并从该表面向外延伸的侧壁限定;
b)通常平行于所述连续表面放置并与所述连续表面隔开的不连续表面;所述不连续表面中具有大尺寸开孔,所述大尺寸开孔由源自所述不连续表面并从该表面向外延伸的侧壁限定,并且能够通过重力将动态沉积的流体传送穿过薄膜;
c)其中,所述连续表面上大尺寸开孔的取向与不连续表面上大尺寸开孔的方向相同。
16.如权利要求15所述的吸收制品,还包含多个从所述连续表面延伸的突起,所述各突起的上表面合起来包含不连续表面。
17.如权利要求15所述的吸收制品,还包含在所述连续表面和所述不连续表面至少之一内的小尺寸开孔。
18.根据权利要求17所述的吸收制品,其中,所述小尺寸开孔具有的直径比所述大尺寸开孔的直径小至少4倍。
19.根据权利要求15所述的吸收制品,其特征在于,所述大尺寸开孔具有的直径为从400微米到1000微米。
20.如权利要求15所述的吸收制品,其特征在于,所述不连续表面与所述纤维顶片接触。
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JP5723548B2 (ja) 2015-05-27
CN101991488A (zh) 2011-03-30
EP2359790A1 (en) 2011-08-24
EP2359790B1 (en) 2016-03-09
US20140303585A1 (en) 2014-10-09
BRPI1002413A2 (pt) 2012-05-15
BRPI1002413B1 (pt) 2020-08-11
JP2011031030A (ja) 2011-02-17

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