CN101967589B - Medium-strength high-toughness aluminum lithium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium-strength high-toughness aluminum lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.2 to 3.2 percent of Cu, 1.1 to 2.0 percent of Li, 0.10 to 0.70 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.16 percent of Zr, 0.10 to 0.80 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of Ag, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities (less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity), and the balance of Al, wherein 1 to 5 alloy elements of Mn, Zn, Mg, Ag and Zr can be selectively added. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: melting the raw material, performing furnace refining, standing, and casting into alloy ingots with the needed specification. The alloy ingots are preferably homogenized, can be processed and molded through hotextrusion, hot rolling or hot extrusion, and can be used for processing parts after heat treatment of preferable technology. The novel medium-strength high-toughness aluminum lithium alloy material has the advantages of uniform microscopic structure, stable performance, suitability for manufacturing thick plates and extruded sections, the ultimate tensile strength of over 440MPa, the elongation rate of over 6 percent and the KIc of over 36MPam1/2.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be a kind of in strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy and preparation method thereof, belong to the metal material engineering field.
Background technology
In recent years, raising along with metallurgy of aluminium equipment technology and metallurgy basic technology level, Al-Li alloy has experienced three generations's development, and the metallurgical principle of design of Al-Li alloy develops into: moderate intensity, lower slightly density, less anisotropy, and give full play to its rigidity and anti-damage advantage.Producing the lower process costs of pursuit, show as its production technique more near common aluminum alloy.
Along with aircraft industry, the particularly intensified competition of large-sized civil aircraft industry, the aircraft manufacturing companies such as Boeing, Air Passenger, Pang Badi and Chinese Shang Fei design economy and the high life of aircraft operation as its core technology one after another.Structure weight reduce and to select the material of anti-the damage be the important means that realizes this core technology, advanced Al-Li alloy can satisfy above two requirements simultaneously, the present invention can be used to substitute the 2124-T851 slab and uses aboard, but loss of weight 10~15% is estimated work-ing life and can be improved more than 4 times.Have broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons.
In recent years, the America and Europe has carried out three generations's high-performance aluminum lithium alloy research, and some is arranged near the level of suitability for industrialized production.It represents alloy 2297 alloys (Al-2.8Cu-1.5Li-0.30Mn-0.12Zr), 2397 alloys (Al-2.8Cu-1.4Li-0.30Mn-0.12Zr-0.10Zn), 2099/2199 alloy (Al-2.7Cu-1.8Li-0.7Zn-0.30Mg-0.30Mn-0.12Zr) and 2196 alloys (Al-2.65Cu-1.6Li-0.55Mg-0.4Ag-0.12Zr).
The production tradition of Al-Li alloy is by former Soviet Union technique and American-European technique, former Soviet Union process using vacuum melting technology, development and production Al-Mg-Li system and Al-Mg-Li-Sc be Al-Li alloy, and use at Multiple Type; American-European countries more develops the gas refinement technology, and alloy system is main with Al-Cu-Li, studies show that, different refining techniquess is equivalent under the technology controlling and process preferably.
Summary of the invention
The present invention design for above-mentioned prior art situation just provide a kind of in strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy and preparation method thereof, its objective is?
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Technical solution of the present invention proposed a kind of in strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy, it is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients of alloy and weight percent are: Cu 2.2~3.2%, Li 1.1~2.0%, Si≤0.10%, Fe≤0.10%, Ti≤0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus are Al.
Also add 1~5 kind among Mn, Zn, Mg, Ag and the Zr in the chemical ingredients of this alloy, the weight percent of adding is: Mn 0.10~0.70%, and Zn 0.05~1.0%, and Zr 0.05~0.16%, Mg≤0.10%~0.80%, Ag0.2~0.6%.
The intensity of aluminum bronze lithium alloy depends primarily on the alloying element total amount of Li+Cu, plasticity depends on the solid solution degree, with lithium equivalent (Li+Cu/2.82) can the guestimate alloy the solid solution degree, when the Li+Cu total amount surpasses 5%, the intensity of its extruded rod can reach more than the 500Mpa, and the Li equivalent is controlled at 2.4~2.6 when following, and the plasticity of alloy can be guaranteed about 6%.The present invention controls the Li+Cu total amount and is about 2.4 near 5%, Li equivalent, thereby guarantees alloy strength and plasticity.
Al-Li is that the anisotropy of alloy derives from planar slip and the texture that δ ' causes mutually, and Zr adds the planar slip that affiliation suppresses δ ' phase, and alloy has good malleableize effect simultaneously, but anisotropy that can not the decrease alloy.The present invention takes Zr+Mn to unite the mode of adding, thus the anisotropy of decrease aluminium-lithium-copper alloy.
The trace elements such as Mg, Zn, Ag have certain highly malleablized effect to the Al-Li-Cu alloy, and wherein the associating microalloying strengthening effect of Mg+Ag is best, and Mg+Zn takes second place.The present invention can consider to produce Mg+Ag and Mg+Zn microalloying Al-Li alloy from different aspects such as tough coupling and performance/costs, also can produce few Al-Li alloy without microalloying.This alloy is applicable to make the fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons 10mm~180mm stock board.
Technical solution of the present invention has also proposed a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned high-toughness aluminum lithium alloy, it is characterized in that: the step of the method is:
(1) prepares burden by chemical ingredients and the weight percent requirement of alloy;
(2) melt in smelting furnace, temperature of fusion is 680 ℃~780 ℃;
(3) complete molten metal liquid is carried out refining, metal temperature maintains in 690 ℃~750 ℃ the scope during refining;
(4) should carry out sufficient standing after the refining, time of repose is not less than 30 minutes;
(5) begin casting behind the sufficient standing, the fire door temperature maintains in 700 ℃~720 ℃ the scope, and casting rate is 15~200mm/ minute;
(6) the alloy ingot casting carries out preferred homogenizing processing in process furnace, and homogenization temperature is 450 ℃~520 ℃;
(7) ingot casting after the homogenizing is stripped off the skin after, carry out the arbitrary processes of hot extrusion and hot rolling and be shaped, blank should remain on 350 ℃~480 ℃ temperature in the forming process;
(8) blank needs reach the product delivery status through solid solution, quenching and artificial aging thermal treatment after the shaping.
In step (1)~(5) preferably with argon gas as shielding gas.
Step (3) preferably adopts vacuum refinement.
Step (3) preferably adopts 3~10% chlorine+argon gas mixed gas refining.
Step (3) preferably adopts C
2Cl
6The refining agent refining.
Preferred 470 ℃~585 ℃ of thermal treatment solid solubility temperature in the step (8).
After the solution treatment, preferably material is carried out cold deformation, and keep 1~5% set deformation volume in the step (8).
The timeliness thermal treatment selection process that thermal treatment is adopted in the step (8) was: 110 ℃~210 ℃ heating 1~64 hour.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the present invention propose novel in the melting and casting flow process of strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy
Fig. 2 is sheet alloy microstructure of the present invention
Embodiment
Below with reference to drawings and Examples technical solution of the present invention is described in detail further:
Table one provided proposed by the invention novel in strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy chemical ingredients and weight percent embodiment.
Table 1: strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy chemical ingredients and weight percent in novel surpassing
Ingot casting number | Cu | Li | Mn | Zn | Zr | Mg | Ag | Ti | Fe | Si |
150 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | - | 0.12 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
151 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 0.2 | - | 0.10 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
152 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | - | 0.08 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
153 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 0.5 | - | 0.15 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
154 | 2.7 | 1.56 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.14 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
155 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.10 | 0.15 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
156 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.09 | 0.12 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
157 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.15 | 0.12 | - | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
159 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.10 | 0.2 | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
161 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.05 | 0.1 | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
162 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.12 | 0.5 | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
163 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.08 | 0.4 | - | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
166 | 3.0 | 1.6 | - | - | 0.12 | 0.3 | 0.3 | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
168 | 2.3 | 1.9 | - | - | 0.12 | 0.4 | 0.6 | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
169 | 2.6 | 1.5 | - | - | 0.08 | 0.5 | 0.4 | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
170 | 2.5 | 1.4 | - | - | 0.16 | 0.5 | 0.4 | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
171 | 3.2 | 1.3 | - | - | 0.14 | 0.8 | 0.2 | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
172 | 2.8 | 1.8 | - | - | 0.16 | 0.7 | 0.6 | <0.12 | <0.10 | <0.10 |
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, prepare above-mentioned in method (circuit one) step of strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy be:
(1) by chemical ingredients and the weight percent requirement batching of alloy, can select to add 1~5 kind among micro alloying element Mn, Zn, Mg, Ag and the Zr;
(2) melt in smelting furnace, temperature of fusion is 680 ℃~780 ℃;
(3) complete molten metal liquid is carried out refining, it is equivalent adopting different refining media or refining mode, and metal temperature maintains in 690 ℃~750 ℃ the scope during refining;
(4) should carry out sufficient standing after the refining, time of repose is not less than 30 minutes;
(5) begin casting behind the sufficient standing, the fire door temperature maintains in 700 ℃~720 ℃ the scope, and casting rate is 15~200mm/ minute, is cast into δ 250mm slab ingot;
(6) the alloy ingot casting carries out preferred homogenizing processing in process furnace, and homogenization temperature is 450 ℃~520 ℃;
(7) ingot casting after the homogenizing is stripped off the skin after, carry out hot rolling and make specific standard slab between 10mm~180mm, blank should remain on 350 ℃~480 ℃ temperature in the forming process;
(8) slab thermal treatment solid solubility temperature is 470 ℃~585 ℃; After the solution treatment, slab is carried out cold deformation, the set deformation volume of reservation is controlled to be 1~8%; Sheet material carried out timeliness thermal treatment after the preliminary draft, and technique is: at 110 ℃~210 ℃/1~64 hour.
Ingot casting number is that 166,168 ingot casting adopts 3~10% chlorine+argon gas mixed gas refining; Ingot casting number is that 169,170 ingot casting adopts the refining of C2Cl6 refining agent; All the other ingot castings adopt vacuum refinement.
Band for the following specification of 80mm, its technique (circuit two) and different being of above-mentioned technique (circuit one): 1, adopt specific standard band between the hot-pressed 10mm of making~80mm in step (7), blank should remain on 350 ℃~420 ℃ temperature in the forming process; 2, in step (7) after the preliminary draft band aging thermal treating process be: at 140 ℃~175 ℃/2~10 hours.
Table 2 is route one plate property.
Table 2
Table 3 is route two band performances
Table 3
159 | 535 | 512 | 12.8 | 66.0 |
161 | 533 | 512 | 12.6 | 66.2 |
162 | 531 | 514 | 11.3 | 66.4 |
163 | 530 | 516 | 12.6 | 66.3 |
By to analyzing and to find out from the sheet alloy microstructure of above-mentioned performance and accompanying drawing 2, of the present invention novel in strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy material microstructure evenly, stable performance, can good application arranged in fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons.
Claims (9)
1. strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in a kind is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients of alloy and weight percent are one of following:
⑴ Cu2.7%, Li 1.56%, and Mn 0.1%, and Zn 0.05%, and Zr 0.14%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑵ Cu3.0%, Li 1.2%, and Mn 0.5%, and Zn 0.09%, and Zr 0.12%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑶ Cu3.0%, Li 1.8%, and Mn 0.2%, and Zn 1.0%, and Zr 0.05%, and Mg 0.1%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑷ Cu2.6%, Li 1.6%, and Mn 0.3%, and Zn 0.8%, and Zr 0.12%, and Mg 0.5%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑸ Cu2.8%, Li 2.0%, and Mn 0.5%, and Zn 0.6%, and Zr 0.08%, and Mg 0.4%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑹ Cu2.3%, Li 1.9%, and Zr 0.12%, and Mg 0.4%, and Ag 0.6%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑺ Cu2.5%, Li 1.4%, and Zr 0.16%, and Mg 0.5%, and Ag 0.4%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
⑻ Cu3.2%, Li 1.3%, and Zr 0.14%, and Mg 0.8%, and Ag 0.2%, Si<0.10%, Fe<0.10%, Ti<0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
2. strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this alloy is applicable to make aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons field with 10mm~180mm stock board.
3. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in described for the preparation of the claims 1, it is characterized in that: the step of the method is:
(1) prepares burden by chemical ingredients and the weight percent requirement of alloy;
(2) melt in smelting furnace, temperature of fusion is 680 ℃~780 ℃;
(3) complete molten metal liquid is carried out refining, metal temperature maintains in 690 ℃~750 ℃ the scope during refining;
(4) should carry out sufficient standing after the refining, time of repose is not less than 30 minutes;
(5) begin casting behind the sufficient standing, the fire door temperature maintains in 700 ℃~720 ℃ the scope, and casting rate is 15~200mm/ minute;
(6) the alloy ingot casting carries out the homogenizing processing in process furnace, and homogenization temperature is 450 ℃~520 ℃;
(7) ingot casting after the homogenizing is stripped off the skin after, carry out the arbitrary processes of hot extrusion and hot rolling and be shaped, blank should remain on 350 ℃~480 ℃ temperature in the forming process;
(8) blank needs reach the product delivery status through solid solution, quenching and artificial aging thermal treatment after the shaping.
4. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in the preparation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: all adopt argon shield in step (1)~(5).
5. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in the preparation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: step (3) employing vacuum refinement.
6. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in the preparation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: step (3) employing C
2Cl
6The refining agent refining.
7. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in the preparation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the thermal treatment solid solubility temperature is 470 ℃~585 ℃ in the step (8).
8. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in the preparation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: after the solution treatment, material is carried out cold deformation, and keep 1~5% set deformation volume in the step (8).
9. the method for strong high-ductility Al-Li alloy in the preparation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: heat treated aging thermal treating process was in the step (8): 110 ℃~210 ℃ heating 1~64 hour.
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