CN109182807B - High-strength aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the alloy is characterized by consisting of Li1.5-3.0%, Cu0.5-1.5%, Ti0.6-1.4%, Na0.05-0.12%, Pr 0-0.12% and the balance of AL. The invention also comprises a preparation method of the alloy. The high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy has the specific stiffness of 334m-331m, the specific strength of 161N/tex-172N/tex, the elongation of 5.89-6.21 percent and the density of 2.350g/cm-2.501g/cm, has the mechanical property greatly higher than that of an aluminum alloy material, and can be widely applied to structural part products in the fields of aerospace, navigation, marine transportation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal engineering materials, in particular to a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because the aluminum lithium alloy has the high and low temperature performances of low density, high specific strength and high specific rigidity, corrosion resistance and superplasticity, the aluminum lithium alloy becomes the most important and most ideal structural member material in the field of current aerospace. As is known, lithium is the lightest metal element in the world, and the lithium element is added into aluminum metal to form an aluminum-lithium alloy, so that the conventional aluminum alloy material is replaced, the mass of the same structural part can be greatly reduced, and the rigidity can be greatly improved. The rapid development and research and development work of the aerospace industry cannot be supported by high and new technical materials. The performance of the aluminum lithium alloy has many advantages compared with the traditional aluminum alloy. Firstly, the mass can be reduced by about one fourth, and the design of the structural component can be further optimized. The emission of C02 is reduced during the operation of the aircraft, and the aircraft has excellent corrosion resistance in severe environment; the good metal fatigue resistance can effectively prolong the interval time of maintenance and prolong the service life; the composite material can be used for manufacturing all parts of an aerospace vehicle, such as a fuselage frame of the aircraft, a wing flap rib, a fairing, a fuel tank and the like. The aluminum lithium alloy is used as a key structural component material of a new generation of aerospace craft, is not only more and more applied to combat military aircraft, but also reduces the rocket launching cost and improves the thrust-weight ratio by reducing the weight of the structural component, because the development of the aerospace industry has higher and higher requirements on weight reduction, the material density is reduced, and the strength of the structural component is further improved. For this purpose, the aluminum lithium alloy composition can be optimized by adding some metal elements, and the mechanical properties such as strength, plasticity and the like of the aluminum lithium alloy are improved. However, the delta phase of the phase change generated in the cooling process after the solidification of the alloy can cause coplanar slip, so that the anisotropy of the aluminum lithium alloy, namely the physicochemical properties of the alloy crystals in different directions are different. The invention provides a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the defect of common anisotropy of the conventional aluminum-lithium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical requirements of the aerospace engineering materials and the defects of anisotropy of the aluminum lithium alloy, the invention provides the high-strength aluminum lithium alloy and the preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: li1.5-3.0%, Cu0.5-1.5%, Ti0.6-1.4%, Na0.05-0.12%, Pr0.05-0.12%, and the balance of AL.
Further, the aluminum lithium alloy is further optimized to be in the following percentage: li1.8-2.8%, Cu0.8-1.0%, Ti0.8-1.2%, Na0.07-0.10%, Pr0.07-0.10%.
Further, the specific rigidity of the aluminum-lithium alloy is 334m-341 m.
Further, the specific strength of the aluminum-lithium alloy is between 161N/tex and 172N/tex.
Further, the density of the aluminum lithium alloy is between 2.350g/cm and 2.501 g/cm.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum lithium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an intermediate alloy:
respectively preparing Al90Li10 intermediate alloy, AL85Cu15 intermediate alloy, AL88Ti12 intermediate alloy, AL98Na2 intermediate alloy and AL98Pr2 intermediate alloy;
(2) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot:
putting 15-30 wt% of Al90Li10 intermediate alloy, 3.33-10.00 wt% of Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy, 5.00-11.67 wt% of Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy, 2.5-6.0 wt% of Al98Na2 intermediate alloy, 2.5-6.0 wt% of Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy and the balance of Al, which is obtained by subtracting the Al in the intermediate alloy, into a graphite crucible together, heating to melt, covering a refining agent on the surface of the molten alloy after stirring, refining for 1-1.5h, stopping heating, cooling to remove dross on the surface of the molten alloy liquid, and casting ingots and cooling to obtain aluminum-lithium alloy ingots;
(3) preparing a high-strength aluminum lithium alloy:
and (3) placing the aluminum lithium alloy ingot prepared in the step (2) into continuous homogenization for homogenization treatment, and finally placing the homogenized aluminum lithium alloy ingot into a low-temperature heating furnace for artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-strength aluminum lithium alloy.
Further, the preparation method of the Al90Li10 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 88kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted; putting 10kg of Li metal with the purity of 99.95% into a special AL box, covering an AL metal cover, and pressing into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 kg; keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 30min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Li metal in an AL metal box and the box is uniformly molten in the AL liquid, continuously stirring for 30min, stopping heating, standing and cooling to 700-720 ℃, and cooling the ingot for 5-10min to obtain an AL90Li10 intermediate alloy;
further, the preparation method of the Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 85kg of AL ingots with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for all the AL ingots to be molten; putting 15kg of Cu metal with the purity of 99.95% into molten AL metal liquid, continuously heating until the temperature of the AL liquid reaches 780-800 ℃, keeping for 30min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until the Cu metal is completely and uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min to obtain an AL85Cu15 intermediate alloy;
further, the preparation method of the Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 88kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted; putting 12kg of Ti metal with the purity of 99.95% into molten AL metal liquid, continuously heating the molten AL metal liquid to 750-780 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL metal until the Ti metal is completely and uniformly molten in the AL metal liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min, and obtaining the AL88Ti12 intermediate alloy.
Further, the preparation method of the AL98Na2 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 96kg of AL ingots with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for all the AL ingots to be melted; 2Kg of Na rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into a special AL box, an AL metal cover is covered, and the Na rare earth metal and the AL metal are pressed into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 Kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until the AL metal box and Na rare earth metal in the box are all uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min, and obtaining AL98Na2 intermediate alloy.
Further, the preparation method of the Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 96kg of AL ingots with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for all the AL ingots to be melted; putting Pr rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into a special AL box, covering an AL metal cover, and pressing the Pr rare earth metal and the AL metal into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 Kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Pr rare earth metals in the AL metal box and the box are uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min, and obtaining the AL98Pr2 intermediate alloy.
Further, in the step (2), the 5 kinds of intermediate alloys are put into a graphite crucible together, the temperature is increased to 700 ℃ to 750 ℃, the intermediate alloys are completely melted, after the mixture is stirred for 60min, a refining agent is uniformly covered on the surface of the melted alloy, the thickness of the refining agent is 1-1.5mm, the mixture is refined for 1-1.5h at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, the heating is stopped, the temperature of the melted alloy liquid is reduced to 700-720 ℃, scum on the surface of the melted alloy liquid is removed, and ingot casting is carried out for 5-10min, so that the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot is obtained.
Furthermore, the refining agent is a KCl and NaCl compound with the ratio of 2: 1.
Further, the homogenization treatment temperature in the step (3) is 440-460 ℃, and the treatment time is 24 hours; the aging temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 180-200 ℃, and the treatment time is 8-12 h.
Has the advantages that: the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy has the advantages that: the aluminum-lithium alloy has low density, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, high and low temperature stability, corrosion resistance and superplasticity, the specific rigidity is between 334m and 341m, the specific strength is between 161N/tex and 172N/tex, and the density is between 2.350g/cm and 2.501 g/cm. On one hand, the aluminum alloy is realized by adding Li, Cu and Ti metals with reasonable proportion and dosage into aluminum metal, particularly the specific strength of the Ti metal is positioned at the head of the metals, and the aluminum alloy has good heat resistance and low temperature resistance. The addition of Ti metal elements perfects the superiority of ALLi alloy. When the speed of the airplane reaches 2.7 times of the sound speed, the surface of the airplane structure can reach about 230 ℃, and the common AL alloy cannot bear the speed. While ALLi alloys containing Ti are fully sustainable. In addition, the plasticity and the toughness of the ALLi alloy are improved by sufficient solution treatment in the preparation process of the ALLi alloy. The continuous homogenization and artificial aging of the ALLi alloy ingot play a vital role in stabilizing the metallurgical quality and the structure and subsequent extrusion performance of the ALLi alloy ingot. The refining agent KCl and NaCl compound has the best multiple effects of degassing, deslagging and grain refinement. The product quality of the ALLi alloy ingot is ensured. The addition of Na and the rare earth element Pr not only further improves the high-temperature performance, the air tightness and the corrosion resistance of the ALLi alloy, but also more importantly effectively inhibits the coplanar slippage of the delta phase, because the strengthening of the ALLi alloy is caused by solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening of the delta phase, but the delta phase is easy to be cut by dislocation to cause the coplanar slippage. The Na and Pr elements will create dislocation loops around the delta particles to reduce coplanar slip. Therefore, the anisotropy of the ALLi alloy is greatly reduced, and the space mechanical property of any point of the ALLi alloy material can be kept basically the same.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims, which are not intended to limit the present invention thereto.
Example 1 the high strength aluminum-lithium alloy was ALLi1.5Cu0.8Ti1.0Na0.05Pr0.10
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of intermediate alloy
① preparation of AL90Li10 master alloy
88kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent is added into a graphite crucible, and then the graphite crucible is put into a smelting furnace, the temperature is raised to 700-750 ℃, and the AL ingot is completely melted. 10kg of Al metal with a purity of 99.95% was put into a specially prepared AL box, covered with an AL metal cap, and pressed together into a molten AL metal, wherein the whole body of the AL box was 2 kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 30min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Li metal in an AL metal box and the box is uniformly molten in the AL liquid, continuing stirring for 30min, stopping heating, standing and cooling to 700-720 ℃, and cooling the ingot for 10min to obtain the AL90Li10 intermediate alloy.
② preparation of AL85Cu15 master alloy
Adding 85kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted. 15kg of Cu metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into the molten AL metal liquid, the temperature is continuously increased until the AL liquid reaches 780-800 ℃, the molten AL liquid is slowly stirred after the temperature is kept for 30min until the Cu metal is completely and uniformly melted in the AL liquid, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5min, and obtaining the AL85Cu15 intermediate alloy.
③ preparation of AL88Ti12 master alloy
88kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent is added into a graphite crucible, and then the graphite crucible is put into a smelting furnace, the temperature is raised to 700-750 ℃, and the AL ingot is completely melted. 12kg of Ti metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into the molten AL metal liquid, the temperature is continuously raised until the AL liquid reaches 750-780 ℃, the molten AL liquid is slowly stirred after the temperature is kept for 60min until the Ti metal is completely and uniformly melted in the AL liquid, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the ingot for 5min to obtain Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy.
④ preparation of AL98Na2 Master alloy
Adding 96kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted. 2Kg of Na rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into a special AL box, an AL metal cover is covered, and the Na rare earth metal and the AL metal are pressed into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 Kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Na rare earth metals in the AL metal box and the box are uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuing stirring for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 10min, and obtaining AL98Na2 intermediate alloy.
⑤ preparation of AL98Pr2 master alloy
Adding 96kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted. Putting Pr rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into a special AL box, covering an AL metal cover, and pressing the Pr rare earth metal and the AL metal into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 Kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Pr rare earth metals in the AL metal box and the box are uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5min, and obtaining the AL98Pr2 intermediate alloy.
(2) Preparation of aluminum lithium alloy ingot
Putting 15kg of Al90Li10 intermediate alloy prepared in the step (1), 5.33kg of Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy, 8.33kg of Al88Ti2 intermediate alloy, 2.5kg of Al98Na2 intermediate alloy, 5kg of Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy and the balance Al, wherein the balance Al is less than 63.84 of Al in the intermediate alloy, into a graphite crucible, heating to 700-750 ℃, completely melting the intermediate alloy, stirring for 60min, taking a compound of KCl and NaCl in a mass percentage ratio of 2:1 as a refining agent, uniformly covering the surface of the molten alloy with the refining agent with a thickness of 1mm, refining for 1.5h at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, stopping heating, cooling the molten alloy to 700-720 ℃, removing floating slag on the surface of the molten alloy, casting ingots, and cooling for 10min to obtain aluminum-lithium alloy ingots.
(3) Preparation of high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy
And putting the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot into a continuous homogenizing furnace, and carrying out homogenizing treatment at the temperature of 440-460 ℃ for 24 h. And finally, placing the homogenized aluminum lithium alloy ingot into a low-temperature heating furnace for artificial aging treatment at the aging temperature of 180-200 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the high-strength aluminum lithium alloy of ALLi1.5Cu0.8Ti1.0Na0.05Pr0.10.
Example 2 the high strength aluminum-lithium alloy was ALLi3.0Cu0.5Ti0.6Na0.12Pr0.05
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of intermediate alloy
① preparation of AL90Li10 master alloy
88kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent is added into a graphite crucible, and then the graphite crucible is put into a smelting furnace, the temperature is raised to 700-750 ℃, and the AL ingot is completely melted. 10kg of Al metal with a purity of 99.95% was put into a specially prepared AL box, covered with an AL metal cap, and pressed together into a molten AL metal, wherein the whole body of the AL box was 2 kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 30min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Li metal in an AL metal box and the box is uniformly molten in the AL liquid, continuing stirring for 30min, stopping heating, standing and cooling to 700-720 ℃, and cooling the ingot for 5min to obtain the AL90Li10 intermediate alloy.
② preparation of AL85Cu15 master alloy
Adding 85kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted. 15kg of Cu metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into the molten AL metal liquid, the temperature is continuously increased until the AL liquid reaches 780-800 ℃, the molten AL liquid is slowly stirred after the temperature is kept for 30min until the Cu metal is completely and uniformly melted in the AL liquid, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 10min, and obtaining the AL85Cu15 intermediate alloy.
③ preparation of AL88Ti12 master alloy
88kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent is added into a graphite crucible, and then the graphite crucible is put into a smelting furnace, the temperature is raised to 700-750 ℃, and the AL ingot is completely melted. 12kg of Ti metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into the molten AL metal liquid, the temperature is continuously raised until the AL liquid reaches 750-780 ℃, the molten AL liquid is slowly stirred after the temperature is kept for 60min until the Ti metal is completely and uniformly melted in the AL liquid, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the ingot for 10min to obtain Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy.
④ preparation of AL98Na2 Master alloy
Adding 96kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted. 2Kg of Na rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent is put into a special AL box, an AL metal cover is covered, and the Na rare earth metal and the AL metal are pressed into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 Kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Na rare earth metals in the AL metal box and the box are uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuing stirring for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5min, and obtaining AL98Na2 intermediate alloy.
⑤ preparation of AL98Pr2 master alloy
Adding 96kg of AL ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the AL ingot to be completely melted. Putting Pr rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into a special AL box, covering an AL metal cover, and pressing the Pr rare earth metal and the AL metal into molten AL metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the AL box is 2 Kg. Keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten AL liquid until all Pr rare earth metals in the AL metal box and the box are uniformly molten in the AL liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min. Stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 10min, and obtaining the AL98Pr2 intermediate alloy.
(2) Preparation of aluminum lithium alloy ingot
Putting 30kg of Al90Li10 intermediate alloy prepared in the step (1), 3.33kg of Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy, 5kg of Al88Ti2 intermediate alloy, 6kg of Al98Na2 intermediate alloy, 2.5kg of Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy and 53.17kg of Al which is the balance of Al and is the shortage of Al in the intermediate alloy after subtracting the Al in the intermediate alloy into a graphite crucible, heating to 700-750 ℃, completely melting the intermediate alloy, stirring for 60min, taking a compound with the mass percentage of KCl and NaCl being 2:1 as a refining agent, uniformly covering the surface of the molten alloy with the refining agent with the thickness of 1.5mm, refining for 1h at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, stopping heating, reducing the molten alloy liquid to 700-720 ℃, removing dross on the surface of the molten alloy liquid, casting ingots, and cooling for 5min to obtain aluminum-lithium alloy ingots.
(3) Preparation of high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy
And putting the aluminum-lithium alloy ingot into a continuous homogenizing furnace, and carrying out homogenizing treatment at the temperature of 440-460 ℃ for 24 h. And finally, placing the homogenized aluminum lithium alloy ingot into a low-temperature heating furnace for artificial aging treatment at the aging temperature of 180-200 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the high-strength aluminum lithium alloy of ALLi3.0Cu0.5Ti0.6Na0.12Pr0.05.
Example 3 the high strength aluminum-lithium alloy was ALLi2.0Cu1.5Ti0.8Na0.10Pr0.07
20kg of Al90Li10 master alloy prepared in example 1, 10kg of Al85Cu15 master alloy, 6.67kg of Al88Ti12 master alloy, 5kg of Al98Na2 master alloy, 3.5kg of Al98Pr2 master alloy and 54.87kg of Al deficiency, which is obtained by subtracting Al in the above master alloy from the remainder, were placed in a graphite crucible to prepare a high-strength Al-Li alloy of ALLi2.0Cu1.5Ti0.8Na0.10Pr0.07, in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4 the high strength aluminum lithium alloy was ALLi2.8Cu1.0Ti1.2Na0.07Pr0.05
28kg of Al90Li10 master alloy prepared in example 2, 6.67kg of Al85Cu15 master alloy, 10kg of Al88Ti12 master alloy, 3.5kg of Al98Na2 master alloy, 2.5kg of Al88Pr2 master alloy and 49.33kg of Al deficiency obtained by subtracting Al in the above master alloy from the rest of Al were put into a graphite crucible to prepare a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy of Al 2.8 Al 1.0Ti1.2Na0.07Pr0.05 in the same manner as in example 2.
Example 5 high Strength aluminum lithium alloy ALLi1.8Cu0.7Ti1.4Na0.09Pr0.12
The 18kg of Al90Li10 master alloy prepared in example 2, 4.67kg of Al85Cu15 master alloy, 11.67kg of Al88Ti12 master alloy, 4.5kg of Al98Na2 master alloy, 6kg of Al98Pr2 master alloy and 55.56kg of Al deficiency obtained by subtracting Al in the above master alloy from the balance Al were put together in a graphite crucible to prepare a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy of ALLi1.8Cu0.7Ti1.4Na0.09Pr0.12 by the same method as in example 2.
Example 6 the high strength aluminum lithium alloy was ALLi2.4Cu0.9Ti0.9Na0.08Pr0.08
A24 kg of Al90Li10 master alloy, a 4.67kg of Al85Cu15 master alloy, a 7.5kg of Al88Ti12 master alloy, a 4kg of Al98Na2 master alloy, a 4kg of Al98Pr2 master alloy and 55.83kg of Al deficiency, which is the remainder of Al minus the Al in the master alloy, were placed in a graphite crucible to prepare a high-strength Al-Li alloy as ALLi2.4Cu0.9Ti0.9Na0.08Pr0.08, in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 7 high strength aluminum lithium alloy ALLi2.6Cu1.2Ti1.1Na0.09Pr0.10
26kg of Al90Li10 master alloy, 8kg of Al85Cu15 master alloy, 9.17kg of Al88Ti12 master alloy, 4.5kg of Al98Na2 master alloy, 5kg of Al98Pr2 master alloy and the balance of Al minus the Al deficiency 47.73kg of Al in the master alloy were put into a graphite crucible to prepare a high-strength Al-Li alloy of ALLi2.6Cu1.2Ti1.1Na0.09Pr0.10 by the same method as in example 2.
Example 8 the high strength aluminum-lithium alloy was ALLi2.2Cu1.4Ti0.7Na0.11Pr0.06
22kg of Al90Li10 master alloy, 8kg of Al85Cu15 master alloy, 9.17kg of Al88Ti12 master alloy, 4.5kg of Al98Na2 master alloy, 5kg of Al98Pr2 master alloy and 53.76kg of Al deficiency obtained by subtracting Al in the master alloy from the balance of Al were put into a graphite crucible to prepare a high-strength Al-Li alloy of ALLi2.2Cu1.4Ti0.7Na0.11Pr0.06 in the same manner as in example 1.
The aluminum lithium alloys of examples 1 to 8 were subjected to tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, density tests and evaluations under the same experimental conditions, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Serial number | Alloy composition | Specific stiffness | Specific strength | Elongation percentage | Density of |
| Example 1 | ALLi1.5Cu0.8Ti1.0Na0.05Pr0.10 | 341 | 172.7 | 6.12 | 2.450 |
| Example 2 | ALLi3.0Cu0.5Ti0.6Na0.12Pr0.05 | 356 | 171.1 | 6.21 | 2.350 |
| Example 3 | ALLi2.0Cu1.5Ti0.8Na0.10Pr0.07 | 338 | 161.5 | 6.08 | 2.465 |
| Example 4 | ALLi2.8Cu1.0Ti1.2Na0.07Pr0.05 | 337 | 166.1 | 5.94 | 2.470 |
| Example 5 | ALLi1.8Cu0.7Ti1.4Na0.09Pr0.12 | 337 | 170.1 | 6.17 | 2.481 |
| Example 6 | ALLi2.4Cu0.9Ti0.9Na0.08Pr0.08 | 338 | 167.7 | 5.89 | 2.463 |
| Example 7 | ALLi2.6Cu1.2Ti1.1Na0.09Pr0.10 | 335 | 169.7 | 6.24 | 2.501 |
| Example 8 | ALLi2.2Cu1.4Ti0.7Na0.11Pr0.06 | 334 | 168.2 | 5.94 | 2.497 |
| Comparative example | ALLi0.8Cu4.Mg0.6 | 269 | 140.4 | 5.21 | 2.72 |
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the specific stiffness of the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy of the invention is 334m-341m, the specific strength is 161N/tex-172N/tex, and is much higher than that of the aluminum alloy of comparative example 2014 #. The density of the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy is 2.350g/cm-2.501g/cm lower than that of a comparative example, the elongation of the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy is higher than that of the comparative example, and the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy can replace 2014# aluminum alloy and is applied to structural component products in the fields of aerospace, navigation, transportation and the like.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy is characterized in that the chemical components of the aluminum-lithium alloy comprise the following components in percentage by weight: li1.5-3.0%, Cu0.8-1.0%, Ti0.6-1.4%, Na0.05-0.12%0.05 to 0.12 percent of Pr, and the balance of Al; the specific strength of the aluminum-lithium alloy is between 161N/tex and 172N/tex, and the density of the aluminum-lithium alloy is 2.350g/cm3- 2.501g/cm3In the meantime.
2. The high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-lithium alloy is further optimized in the following percentage content: li1.8-2.8%, Cu0.8-1.0%, Ti0.8-1.2%, Na0.07-0.10%, Pr0.07-0.10%, and the balance of Al.
3. A method for preparing a high strength aluminum lithium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing an intermediate alloy:
respectively preparing Al90Li10 intermediate alloy, Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy, Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy, Al98Na2 intermediate alloy and Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy;
(2) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot:
putting 15-30 wt% of Al90Li10 intermediate alloy, 3.33-10.00 wt% of Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy, 5.00-11.67 wt% of Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy, 2.5-6.0 wt% of Al98Na2 intermediate alloy, 2.5-6.0 wt% of Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy and the balance of Al, which is obtained by subtracting the Al in the intermediate alloy, into a graphite crucible together, heating to melt, covering a refining agent on the surface of the molten alloy after stirring, refining for 1-1.5h, stopping heating, cooling to remove dross on the surface of the molten alloy liquid, and casting ingots and cooling to obtain aluminum-lithium alloy ingots;
(3) preparing a high-strength aluminum lithium alloy:
and (3) placing the aluminum lithium alloy ingot prepared in the step (2) into continuous homogenization for homogenization treatment, and finally placing the homogenized aluminum lithium alloy ingot into a low-temperature heating furnace for artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-strength aluminum lithium alloy.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy according to claim 3, wherein the Al90Li10 intermediate alloy is prepared by the following steps: adding 88kg of Al ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the Al ingot to be completely melted; putting 10kg of Li metal with the purity of 99.95% into a special Al box, covering an Al metal cover, and pressing into molten Al metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the Al box is 2 kg; keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 30min, slowly stirring the molten Al liquid until the Al metal box and the Li metal in the box are completely and uniformly molten in the Al liquid, continuing stirring for 30min, stopping heating, standing and cooling to 700-720 ℃, and cooling the ingot for 5-10min to obtain Al90Li10 intermediate alloy;
the preparation method of the Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 85kg of Al ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the Al ingot to be completely melted; putting 15kg of Cu metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into molten Al metal liquid, continuously heating the molten Al metal liquid to 780-800 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, slowly stirring the molten Al metal until the Cu metal is completely and uniformly molten in the Al metal liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min to obtain Al85Cu15 intermediate alloy;
the preparation method of the Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 88kg of Al ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the Al ingot to be completely melted; putting 12kg of Ti metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into molten Al metal liquid, continuously heating the molten Al metal liquid to 750-780 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60min, slowly stirring the molten Al metal until the Ti metal is completely and uniformly molten in the Al metal liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min to obtain Al88Ti12 intermediate alloy;
the preparation method of the Al98Na2 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 96kg of Al ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the Al ingot to be completely melted; putting 2Kg of Na metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into a special Al box, covering an Al metal cover, and pressing the Na metal and the Al metal into molten Al metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the Al box is 2 Kg; keeping the temperature of 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten Al liquid until the Al metal box and Na metal in the box are completely and uniformly molten in the Al liquid, and continuing stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing, cooling to 700-720 ℃, cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min to obtain Al98Na2 intermediate alloy;
the preparation method of the Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps: adding 96kg of Al ingot with the purity of 99.95% into a graphite crucible, then putting the graphite crucible into a smelting furnace, heating to 700-750 ℃, and waiting for the Al ingot to be completely melted; putting Pr rare earth metal with the purity of 99.95 percent into a special Al box, covering an Al metal cover, and pressing the Pr rare earth metal and the Al metal cover into molten Al metal liquid together, wherein the whole weight of the Al box is 2 Kg; keeping the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for 60min, slowly stirring the molten Al liquid until all Pr rare earth metals in the Al metal box and the box are uniformly molten in the Al liquid, and continuously stirring for 30 min; stopping heating, standing and cooling to 700-720 ℃, and cooling the cast ingot for 5-10min to obtain the Al98Pr2 intermediate alloy.
5. The method for preparing a high-strength Al-Li alloy according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the 5 kinds of master alloys are put into a graphite crucible together, the temperature is raised to 700 ℃ -750 ℃, the master alloys are completely melted, the mixture is stirred for 60min, then a refining agent is uniformly covered on the surface of the melted alloy, the thickness of the refining agent is 1-1.5mm, the mixture is refined for 1-1.5h at the temperature of 700 ℃ -750 ℃, the heating is stopped, the molten alloy liquid is cooled to 700 ℃ -720 ℃, scum on the surface of the molten alloy liquid is removed, and the ingot is cooled for 5-10min to obtain the Al-Li alloy ingot.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the refining agent is a KCl and NaCl compound, and the mass percentage of the refining agent is 2: 1.
7. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the homogenization temperature in the homogenization treatment in the step (3) is 440 ℃ to 460 ℃, and the treatment time is 24 hours; the aging temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 180-200 ℃, and the treatment time is 8-12 h.
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