CN114054531A - Extrusion method of high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile - Google Patents
Extrusion method of high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN114054531A CN114054531A CN202111368025.3A CN202111368025A CN114054531A CN 114054531 A CN114054531 A CN 114054531A CN 202111368025 A CN202111368025 A CN 202111368025A CN 114054531 A CN114054531 A CN 114054531A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention provides an extrusion method of a high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile, which comprises the following steps: and extruding the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy cast ingot, wherein the temperature of the cast ingot in the extrusion process is 410-440 ℃. The invention provides an extrusion process of a high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile by researching various extrusion processes and combining observation of EBSD metallographic structures. The invention can fill the gap and provide technical support for realizing batch production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum lithium alloys, and particularly relates to an extrusion method of a high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile.
Background
After years of development, the foreign third generation aluminum lithium alloy has formed a relatively complete product pedigree, and formed thin plate, section bar and thick plate series materials, for example, aluminum lithium alloy thick plate includes 2197, 2297, 2397, 2050 series alloys, thin plate includes 2195, 2198, 2060 series alloys, section bar includes 2099, 2196, 2055 series alloys. These materials are now well established and form the corresponding AMS standard. In the third generation aluminum lithium alloy, the upper limit of lithium content in the 2196 alloy is the highest (2.1%), and compared with other aluminum lithium alloys, the aluminum lithium alloy has higher rigidity and lower density, and is very suitable for being used as a profile. 2196 aluminum-lithium alloy sections have been used in civil aircraft as support structures for floor support beams, boundary beams, seat slide rails, etc. In the actual production process, the problems of large head-tail performance difference, uneven performance of each area and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide an extrusion method for a 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile with high uniformity, and the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile prepared by the method provided by the present invention has good uniformity.
The invention provides an extrusion method of a high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile, which comprises the following steps:
and extruding the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy cast ingot, wherein the temperature of the cast ingot in the extrusion process is 410-440 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the cast ingot in the extrusion process is 425-435 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder in the extrusion process is 430-450 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder in the extrusion process is 435-445 ℃.
Preferably, the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 0.3-1.5 m/min.
Preferably, the extrusion device further comprises:
and carrying out solution quenching, stretching and aging treatment on the extruded section.
Preferably, the solid solution temperature in the solid solution quenching process is 530-550 ℃.
Preferably, the stretching ratio of the stretching is 2.0 to 3.5%.
Preferably, the aging treatment method comprises the following steps:
preserving heat at a second temperature after preserving heat at the first temperature;
the first temperature is 115-125 ℃;
the second temperature is 145-155 ℃.
Preferably, the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy ingot comprises the following components:
less than or equal to 0.12 wt% of Si;
less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Fe;
2.5 to 3.3 wt% of Cu;
mn of less than or equal to 0.35 wt%;
0.25 to 0.80 wt% Mg;
zn of less than or equal to 0.35 wt%;
less than or equal to 0.1 wt% of Ti;
0.04 to 0.18 wt% of Zr;
1.4-2.1 wt% of Li;
0.25-0.60 wt% of Ag;
the single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
total impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 wt%;
the balance being Al.
According to the invention, the extrusion process of the high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy section is obtained by researching various extrusion processes and combining observation of EBSD metallographic structures. The invention can fill the gap and provide technical support for realizing batch production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a typical gauge profile;
FIG. 2 shows EBSD structures of different areas of the typical specification profile in comparative example 1 after quenching;
FIG. 3 shows the properties and the recrystallization ratios of typical gauge shapes of comparative example 1 at different thicknesses, where YS: yield strength, UTS: tensile strength, EL: elongation, recrystalization: recrystallization);
FIG. 4 shows a fractured structure of the profile in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of typical gauge section bars of example 1 at different extrusion temperatures, taken as samples in area A and area B;
FIG. 6 is the EBSD structure of the typical gauge section of example 2 at different extrusion temperatures, taken as a sample of the C region;
fig. 7 is the mechanical properties of typical gauge profiles of example 2 at different extrusion temperatures, where YS: yield strength, UTS: tensile strength, T denotes the head end of the profile, W denotes the tail end of the profile.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other examples, which may be modified or appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the examples given herein, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the technical effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the examples, the methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides an extrusion method of a high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile, which comprises the following steps:
and extruding the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy ingot, wherein the ingot casting temperature in the extrusion process is 410-440 ℃.
In the invention, the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy ingot preferably has the following components:
less than or equal to 0.12 wt% of Si;
less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Fe;
2.5 to 3.3 wt% of Cu;
mn of less than or equal to 0.35 wt%;
0.25 to 0.80 wt% Mg;
zn of less than or equal to 0.35 wt%;
less than or equal to 0.1 wt% of Ti;
0.04 to 0.18 wt% of Zr;
1.4-2.1 wt% of Li;
0.25-0.60 wt% of Ag;
the single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
total impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 wt%;
the balance being Al.
In the present invention, the mass content of Fe is preferably 0.12 wt% or less, more preferably 0.08 wt% or less; the mass content of Cu is preferably 2.6-3.1%, and more preferably 2.8-3.0%; the mass content of Mg is preferably 0.3-0.5%, and more preferably 0.4%; the mass content of Ti is preferably 0.02-0.08%, more preferably 0.02-0.06%. Most preferably 0.02 to 0.04 percent; the mass content of Zr is preferably 0.08-0.12%, and more preferably 0.1%; the mass content of the Li is preferably 1.6-1.9%, and more preferably 1.6-1.7%; the mass content of Ag is preferably 0.25-0.45%, more preferably 0.3-0.4%, and most preferably 0.35%.
The source of the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy ingot is not particularly limited, and the ingot can be obtained by casting by using a preparation method of the ingot, which is well known to a person skilled in the art. In the invention, the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy ingot can have a diameter of 405 mm.
According to the research of the invention, the recrystallization ratio and the strength have obvious correlation, the recrystallization ratio is increased, and the strength has obvious reduction trend, as shown in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3; fractures of lower elongation, more manifested as intergranular fractures, and equiaxed grains, are shown in fig. 4; the larger the difference in elongation is, the more the degree of recrystallization is, the lower the elongation is.
In the invention, the temperature of the cast ingot in the extrusion process is preferably 410-440 ℃, more preferably 425-435 ℃, and most preferably 430 ℃.
In the invention, when the temperature of the cast ingot is 410-440 ℃ in the extrusion process, the difference of the head and tail structures of the 2196 section is reduced, the performance difference is smaller, and the set temperature of the cast ingot heating furnace is 430 ℃ to be optimal.
In the invention, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder in the extrusion process is preferably 430-450 ℃, more preferably 435-445 ℃, and most preferably 440 ℃.
In the invention, the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is preferably 0.3-1.2 m/min, more preferably 0.4-1.0 m/min, and most preferably 0.5-0.8 m/min.
In the present invention, it is preferable to control the extrusion speed within the above range in order to reduce the inflow of the surface metal and the end metal into the product due to the excessively high extrusion speed.
In the present invention, after the extrusion is completed, the extrusion method preferably further includes:
and carrying out solution quenching, stretching and aging treatment on the extruded product.
In the invention, the solid solution temperature in the solid solution quenching process is preferably 530-550 ℃, more preferably 535-545 ℃ and most preferably 540 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 35-100 min, more preferably 40-80 min, more preferably 50-70 min, and most preferably 60min, and can be set according to the thickness of the section.
In the present invention, the stretching ratio of the stretching is preferably 2.0 to 3.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 3.1%, and most preferably 2.7 to 2.9%.
In the present invention, the aging treatment method preferably includes:
and keeping the temperature at a second temperature after keeping the temperature at the first temperature.
In the invention, the first temperature is preferably 115-125 ℃, more preferably 118-122 ℃, and most preferably 121 ℃. In the present invention, the time for the first temperature holding is preferably 10 to 15 hours, more preferably 10 to 14 hours, and most preferably 12 hours.
In the invention, the second temperature is preferably 145-155 ℃, more preferably 148-152 ℃, and most preferably 151 ℃. In the present invention, the time for the second temperature holding is preferably 45 to 52 hours, more preferably 46 to 50 hours, and most preferably 48 hours.
According to the invention, the extrusion process of the high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy section is obtained by researching various extrusion processes and combining observation of EBSD metallographic structures. The invention can fill the gap and provide technical support for realizing batch production.
The components of the 2196-T8511 aluminum lithium alloy cast ingots in the following comparative examples and examples of the invention are as follows: si: 0.02 wt%; fe: 0.03 wt%; cu: 2:94 wt%; mn: 0.31 wt%; mg: 0.44 wt%; zn: 0.01 wt%; ti: 0.02 wt%; zr: 0.10 wt%; li: 1.64 wt%; ag: 0.28 wt%; the balance being Al.
Comparative example 1
Heating the 2196-T8511 aluminum lithium alloy cast ingot to enable the temperature of the cast ingot to reach 450 ℃; then, extrusion treatment was performed under the conditions: the ingot casting temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 440 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 0.7 m/min; then carrying out solid solution quenching, wherein the solid solution quenching system is 540 ℃/50 min; then stretching is carried out, and the stretching ratio is set to be 2.8%; and finally, carrying out aging treatment, wherein the aging process comprises the following steps: 121 ℃/12h +151 ℃/48 h.
Preparing a high-power section bar sample according to GB/T3246.1, wherein the sectional schematic view of the section bar is shown in figure 1, and observing the EBSD structure of the section bar under a back scattering probe installed by a scanning electron microscope, as shown in figure 2, the head and tail ends of a B area and a D area of the section bar both maintain good fiber structures, the head and tail ends of a C area maintain good fiber structures, and the recrystallization ratio of the tail ends is increased; the difference of the head and tail tissues of the A area is the largest, and the recrystallization tissues of the tail end are more obvious.
The room temperature mechanical property of the section is detected according to GB/T16865, and the proportion of recrystallized structures is automatically measured and separated by hkl software, as shown in figure 3, and can be seen from figure 3: a) strength, elongation and recrystallization fraction are in inverse proportion relation; b) the section D has the thickest region, low recrystallization degree and high strength and elongation; c) the recrystallization degree of the section B, C area is central, and the strength and the elongation are qualified; d) the section A has the thinnest area and the highest recrystallization degree, the strength and the elongation rate are simultaneously reduced, and the unqualified risk is caused.
The fracture structure of the profile is observed under a scanning electron microscope by using the performance sample after stretch breaking, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from fig. 4 that the recrystallization proportion in the fracture structure with poor elongation is increased, and the fracture structure is mostly shown as intergranular fracture and is equiaxed grains.
As can be seen from comparative example 1, the shapes prepared by the method provided in comparative example 1 have large differences in the head and tail end structures.
Example 1
Heating the 2196-T8511 aluminum lithium alloy ingot to ensure that the ingot temperature reaches 400 ℃, 430 ℃, 450 ℃ and 470 ℃ respectively; then, extrusion treatment was performed under the conditions: the ingot casting temperature is respectively selected from 400 ℃, 430 ℃, 450 ℃, 470 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 440 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 0.7 m/min; then carrying out solid solution quenching, wherein the solid solution quenching system is 540 ℃/50 min; then stretching is carried out, and the stretching ratio is set to be 2.8%; and finally, carrying out aging treatment, wherein the aging process comprises the following steps: 121 ℃/12h +151 ℃/48 h.
According to the method of comparative example 1, the mechanical properties of the cast ingot at different casting temperatures were measured, and as shown in fig. 5, the properties of the head and the tail of the sections extruded at 400 ℃ and 430 ℃ were not greatly different, the properties of the head and the tail extruded at 450 ℃ and 470 ℃ were greatly different, and the strength and the elongation of the tail end were reduced.
Example 2
Heating the 2196-T8511 aluminum lithium alloy ingot to make the ingot temperature reach 390 ℃, 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃ and 450 ℃ respectively; then, extrusion treatment was performed under the conditions: the ingot casting temperature is 390 ℃, 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃, 450 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 440 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 0.7 m/min; then carrying out solid solution quenching, wherein the solid solution quenching system is 540 ℃/50 min; then stretching is carried out, and the stretching ratio is set to be 2.8%; and finally, carrying out aging treatment, wherein the aging process comprises the following steps: 121 ℃/12h +151 ℃/48 h.
According to the method of comparative example 1, EBSD structures at the head and tail ends of the section C at different ingot casting temperatures are detected, as shown in FIG. 6; as can be seen from FIG. 6, the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy extruded section has a certain tissue difference at the head and tail ends at different extrusion temperatures, the head end retains a better fiber tissue, the ratio of the tail end recrystallization tissue is larger, the extrusion temperature is in the range of 390-450 ℃, the ratio of the section tail end recrystallization tissue tends to decrease and increase with the increase of the extrusion temperature, and the ratio of the tail end recrystallization tissue is the lowest at 430 ℃.
According to the method of comparative example 1, the mechanical properties of the new quenched state (i.e. quenched product) of the section bar at different ingot casting temperatures were measured as shown in the following table:
from the above table, it can be seen that, at different extrusion temperatures, there is a certain difference in the properties of the head and the tail of the profile, and within the temperature range of 390 to 450 ℃, the lower or higher the temperature is, the greater the property difference of the head and the tail is, further, it is stated that the lower or higher the temperature is, the greater the difference in the structure of the head and the tail of the profile is; at 430 ℃, the difference of the performance of the new quenching states of the head and the tail ends is the smallest.
According to the method of example 1, the mechanical properties of the section (the product after aging treatment) at different ingot casting temperatures are detected, as shown in fig. 7, with the increase of the extrusion temperature, the head and tail end strength of the 2196-T8511 state is increased at 450 ℃, the head and tail end difference is maximum (the head and tail difference is up to 2%) when the elongation is 450 ℃, and the tail end elongation in the C area has a large unqualified risk; the overall strength and the elongation of the section bar reach the optimal level at the temperature of 410-430 ℃.
According to the embodiment, the extrusion process of the high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy section is obtained by researching various extrusion processes and observing an EBSD metallographic structure, namely, the ingot casting temperature range is 410-440 ℃, the ingot casting heating furnace is set at 430 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 430-450 ℃, the extrusion cylinder set at 440 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-1.5 m/min during extrusion. The invention can fill the gap and provide technical support for realizing batch production.
While only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-uniformity 2196 aluminum lithium alloy profile extrusion method comprises the following steps:
and extruding the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy cast ingot, wherein the temperature of the cast ingot in the extrusion process is 410-440 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the ingot during the extruding is 425-435 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrusion barrel during said extrusion is 430 to 450 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrusion barrel during said extrusion is 435 to 445 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion speed in the extrusion process is 0.3 to 1.5 m/min.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after said extruding:
and carrying out solution quenching, stretching and aging treatment on the extruded section.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the solution temperature during the solution quenching is 530 to 550 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the stretching is performed at a stretching ratio of 2.0 to 3.5%.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the aging process comprises:
preserving heat at a second temperature after preserving heat at the first temperature;
the first temperature is 115-125 ℃;
the second temperature is 145-155 ℃.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the 2196 aluminum lithium alloy ingot has a composition of:
less than or equal to 0.12 wt% of Si;
less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Fe;
2.5 to 3.3 wt% of Cu;
mn of less than or equal to 0.35 wt%;
0.25 to 0.80 wt% Mg;
zn of less than or equal to 0.35 wt%;
less than or equal to 0.1 wt% of Ti;
0.04 to 0.18 wt% of Zr;
1.4-2.1 wt% of Li;
0.25-0.60 wt% of Ag;
the single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%;
total impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 wt%;
the balance being Al.
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