CN101959879B - 用于治疗和预防1型和2型糖尿病的5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂*-4-甲酸酰胺和2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂*-4-甲酸酰胺 - Google Patents
用于治疗和预防1型和2型糖尿病的5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂*-4-甲酸酰胺和2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂*-4-甲酸酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101959879B CN101959879B CN200980107273.3A CN200980107273A CN101959879B CN 101959879 B CN101959879 B CN 101959879B CN 200980107273 A CN200980107273 A CN 200980107273A CN 101959879 B CN101959879 B CN 101959879B
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Abstract
本发明涉及用作葡糖激酶激活剂来治疗糖尿病和肥胖症的新的通式(I)化合物。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及具有有价值的性质的新化合物、特别是可以用于制备药物的那些。
本发明涉及可用于治疗和/或预防受葡糖激酶活性的水平不足所介导的疾病如糖尿病的化合物以及制备这类化合物的方法。还提供了治疗以葡糖激酶活性的激活不足为特征或者可以通过激活葡糖激酶进行治疗的疾病和紊乱的方法,该方法包括施用有效量的本发明的化合物。
因此,鉴别特异性地激活、调节和/或调控葡糖激酶的信号转导的小化合物是可期望的并且是本发明的目的。此外,本发明的目的还有制备用于预防和/或治疗1和2型糖尿病、肥胖症、神经病和/或肾病的新化合物。
出人意料的是,我们已经发现5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸酰胺和2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸酰胺可激活葡糖激酶;因此,这些化合物尤其适于预防和治疗1和2型糖尿病、肥胖症、神经病和/或肾病。已经发现本发明的化合物及其盐具有非常有价值的药理性质而又耐受良好。特别是它们显示出葡糖激酶激活作用。
因此,本发明涉及在治疗和/或预防所述疾病中作为药物和/或药物活性成分的本发明的化合物、本发明的化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防所述疾病的药物中的用途以及治疗所述疾病的方法,所述方法包括将一种或多种本发明的化合物施用于需要这类施用的患者。
宿主或患者可以属于任意哺乳动物种属,例如灵长类,特别是人;啮齿类,包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠;兔;马;牛;犬;猫等。动物模型是实验研究所感兴趣的,在这些实验研究中它们提供了用于治疗人类疾病的模型。
糖尿病(DM)是通常与肥胖症有关的进行性疾病,它以胰岛素不足和抗胰岛素性或者此二者为特征。空腹和餐后血糖升高,使患者暴露于急性和 慢性并发症(微血管和大血管),从而导致眼盲、肾衰竭、心脏病、中风和切断术。已经证明改善血糖控制可降低这些并发症的风险。由于该疾病的进行性性质,所以有必要进行进展性治疗策略来维持血糖控制。有两种形式的糖尿病:1型或幼年型糖尿病或胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(IDDM)以及2型或成年型糖尿病或非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM)。由于合成和分泌胰岛素的胰腺β细胞被免疫性破坏,1型糖尿病患者具有绝对的胰岛素不足。2型糖尿病在病因学上更复杂并且以相对胰岛素不足、胰岛素作用降低和抗胰岛素性为特征。早发性NIDDM或年轻人成年型糖尿病(MODY)都具有在中年期发病的NIDDM的最常见形式的很多特征(Rotter等人,1990)。对MODY而言已经观察到清楚的遗传方式(常染色体显性)。在MODY家族中已经鉴别出至少3种不同的突变(Bell等人,1996)。
通过在人(MODY-2)中葡糖激酶(GK)突变体与糖尿病的联系和通过在转基因小鼠和基因敲除小鼠中葡萄糖代谢的改变,已经证明了葡糖激酶(GK)在葡萄糖内稳态中的重要性(Froguel等人,2003;Bali等人,1995,Postic等人,1999)。
GK(还称为己糖激酶IV或D)是使葡萄糖代谢为葡萄糖6-磷酸的四种己糖激酶同工酶之一[Wilson,2004]。已知GK在神经/神经内分泌细胞、肝细胞和胰细胞中表达,并且在全身内稳态中发挥着中心作用[Matschinsky等人,1996;2004]。GK作为用于控制血糖内稳态的葡萄糖感受器通过促进胰腺β-细胞分泌胰岛素和肝脏中的葡萄糖代谢、而且还通过促进L-细胞分泌GLP1而发挥着重要作用。在下丘脑弓形核(ARC)中感受葡萄糖的β-细胞可以依赖于GK来发现葡萄糖的升高和促进葡萄糖引起的胰岛素分泌。
多种作用机制表明,GK激活剂在糖尿病和肥胖患者中将通过改善全身葡萄糖意识而发挥其生物作用,这提供了GK活性增强将是代谢性紊乱的新治疗策略的合理期望。预期GK激活剂将恢复适当的胰腺激素和肠降血糖素分泌以及抑制肝葡萄糖生成而不引起严重的低血糖。
文献目录
Wilson JE:己糖激酶基因家族.在《葡糖激酶和血糖疾病:从基础到 新的治疗》(Glucokinase and Glycemic Disease:From Basics to Novel Therapeutics)中.Front Diabetes.第16卷.Matschinsky FM,Magnuson MA编辑.巴塞尔,Karger,2004
Matschinsky,F.M.Diabetes 1996,45,223-41.
Matschinsky F.M.;Magnuson M.A.编辑.《葡糖激酶和血糖疾病:从基础到新的治疗》,巴塞尔:Karger,2004
Rotter等人,《糖尿病(1990):理论和实践》(Diabetes mellitus(1990):Theory和practice),Rifkin和Porte编辑,NY,378-413
Bell等人,1996
Froguel等人,2003
Bali等人,1995
Postic等人,1999
发明概述
本发明涉及下式I化合物:
其中
R1至R4相互自主地指H、A、Hal、Ar、Het、OR10、S(O)nR10、NR10R11、NO2、CN、COOR10、CONR10R11、NR10COR11、NR10CONR11R12、NR10SOnR11、CHO、COR10、SO3H、SOnNR10R11、O-A-NR10R11、O-A-CONR10R11、O-A-NR10COR11、O-A-Het、O-A-Ar、A-Ar、A-Het、S(O)n-A-Het、S(O)n-A-Ar,
Y可以存在或不存在,如果存在的话,表示H、A、Hal、Ar、Het、OR10、S(O)nR10、NR10R11、NO2、CN、COOR10、CONR10R11、NR10COR11、NR10CONR11R12、NR10SOnR11、CHO、COR10、SO3H、SOnNR10R11、O-A-NR10R11、O-A-CONR10R11、 O-A-NR10COR11、O-A-Het、O-A-Ar、A-Ar、A-Het、S(O)n-A-Het、S(O)n-A-Ar,
X当Y存在时表示O,当Y不存在时表示H或A;
表示单键或双键;
R6至R9相互自主地表示H、A、Hal、Ar、Het、OR10、S(O)nR10、NR10R11、NO2、CN、COOR10、CONR10R11、NR10COR11、NR10CONR11R12、NR10SOnR11、CHO、COR10、SO3H、SOnNR10R11、O-A-NR10R11、O-A-CONR10R11、O-A-NR10COR11、O-A-Het、O-A-Ar、A-Ar、A-Het、S(O)n-A-Het、S(O)n-A-Ar,
R10至R12相互自主地表示H、A、Ar或Het;
A表示未取代的或者被=S、=NR10(亚胺)和/或=O(羧基)单、二或三取代的具有1-10个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,其中一个、两个或三个CH2基团被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NAr、NHet和/或被-CH=CH-基团替换和/或1-7个氢原子被F和/或Cl替换,或未取代的或者被=S、=NR10(亚胺)和/或=O(羧基)单、二或三取代的具有3-7个碳原子的环状烷基,其中1-7个氢原子可以被F、Cl、OR10、SOnR11和/或NR10R11替换;
Ar表示未取代的或者被A、Hal、Ar、Het、OR10、S(O)nR10、NR10R11、NO2、CN、COOR10、CONR10R11、NR10COR11、NR10CONR11R12、NR10SOnR11、CHO、COR10、SO3H、SOnNR10R11、O-A-NR10R11、O-A-CONR10R11、O-A-NR10COR11、O-A-Het、O-A-Ar、A-Ar、A-Het、S(O)n-A-Het、S(O)n-A-Ar相互自主地单、二或三取代的苯基、萘基或联苯基;
Het表示单核或双核的具有1-4个N-、O-和/或S-原子的饱和或不饱和或芳香族杂环,其可以被A、Hal、Ar、Het、OR10、S(O)nR10、NR10R11、NO2、CN、COOR10、CONR10R11、NR10COR11、NR10CONR11R12、NR10SOnR11、CHO、COR10、SO3H、SOnNR10R11、O-A-NR10R11、O-A-CONR10R11、O-A-NR10COR11、 O-A-Het、O-A-Ar、A-Ar、A-Het、S(O)n-A-Het、S(O)n-A-Ar、=S、=NR10和/或=O单取代或相互自主地二、三或四取代;
Hal指F、Cl、Br或I;
n是0、1或2。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及下式(Ia)化合物:
其中R1至R4和R6至R9、Het、Hal、n、Ar、A和R10至R12具有式(I)中给出的含义,且
R5指H、A、Hal、Ar、Het、OR10、S(O)nR10、NR10R11、NO2、CN、COOR10、CONR10R11、NR10COR11、NR10CONR11R12、NR10SOnR11、CHO、COR10、SO3H、SOnNR10R11、O-A-NR10R11、O-A-CONR10R11、O-A-NR10COR11、O-A-Het、O-A-Ar、A-Ar、A-Het、S(O)n-A-Het和S(O)n-A-Ar。
在进一步优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及下式(Ib)化合物:
其中R1至R4和R6至R9、Het、Hal、n、Ar、A和R10至R12具有式(I)中给出的含义。
上下文中,基团和参数R1至R12和n具有式I中所示的含义,除非在其它方面有清楚地指示。
A表示烷基,为无支链(直链)或支链的,具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子。A优选表示甲基,还有乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,还有戊基、1-、2-或3-甲基丁基、1,1-、1,2-或2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1-、2-、3-或4-甲基戊基、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-、 2,2-、2,3-或3,3-二甲基丁基、1-或2-乙基丁基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-或1,2,2-三甲基丙基,还优选表示例如三氟甲基。
A非常特别优选表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷基,优选表示甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或1,1,1-三氟乙基。
此外,A还优选表示具有1-10个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F和/或Cl所替换。环烷基优选表示环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基。
A优选表示CH2或CH2CH2。
Ar表示例如苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-丙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-异丙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-叔丁基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羟基苯基,邻-、间-或对-硝基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N-甲基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N-甲基氨基羰基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙酰氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲氧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙氧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙氧基羰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N,N-二甲基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N-乙基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N,N-二乙基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-氟苯基,邻-、间-或对-溴苯基,邻-、间-或对-氯苯基,邻-、间-或对-(甲基磺酰氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(甲基磺酰基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-氰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-脲基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基磺酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羧基甲基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羧基甲氧基苯基,还优选表示2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氟苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氯苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二溴苯基,2,4-或2,5-二硝基苯基,2,5-或3,4-二甲氧基苯基,3-硝基-4-氯苯基,3-氨基-4-氯-、2-氨基-3-氯-、2-氨基-4-氯-、2-氨基-5-氯-或2-氨基-6-氯苯基,2-硝基-4-N,N-二甲基氨基-或3-硝基-4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基,2,3-二氨基苯基,2,3,4-、2,3,5-、2,3,6-、2,4,6-或3,4,5-三氯苯基,2,4,6-三甲氧基苯基,2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基,对-碘苯基,3,6-二氯-4-氨基苯基,4-氟-3-氯苯基,2-氟-4-溴苯基,2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基,3-溴-6-甲 氧基苯基,3-氯-6-甲氧基苯基,3-氯-4-乙酰氨基苯基,3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基,3-氨基-6-甲基苯基,3-氯-4-乙酰氨基苯基,或2,5-二甲基-4-氯苯基。
Ar优选表示苯基,其是未取代的或者被A、Hal和/或O(CR6R7)mR8所单、二、三、四或五取代。
无论进一步的取代如何,Het表示例如2-或3-呋喃基,2-或3-噻吩基,1-、2-或3-吡咯基,1-、2、4-或5-咪唑基,1-、3-、4-或5-吡唑基,2-、4-或5- 唑基,3-、4-或5-异 唑基,2-、4-或5-噻唑基,3-、4-或5-异噻唑基,2-、3-或4-吡啶基,2-、4-、5-或6-嘧啶基,还优选表示1,2,3-三唑-1-、-4-或-5-基,1,2,4-三唑-1-、-3-或5-基,1-或5-四唑基,1,2,3- 二唑-4-或-5-基,1,2,4- 二唑-3-或-5-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-或-5-基,1,2,4-噻二唑-3-或-5-基,1,2,3-噻二唑-4-或-5-基,3-或4-哒嗪基,吡嗪基,1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚基,4-或5-异吲哚基,1-、2-、4-或5-苯并咪唑基,1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲唑基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并吡唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并 唑基,3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异 唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噻唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异噻唑基,4-、5-、6-或7-苯并-2,1,3-二 唑基,2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹啉基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-异喹啉基,3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8--噌啉基(innolinyl)、2-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹唑啉基,5-或6-喹喔啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8-2H-苯并-1,4- 嗪基,还优选表示1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基、1,4-苯并二 烷-6-基、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-或-5-基或2,1,3-苯并 二唑-5-基。
杂环基还可以被部分或完全氢化。因此,Het还可以表示例如2,3-二氢-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-呋喃基,2,5-二氢-2-、-3-、-4-或5-呋喃基,四氢-2-或-3-呋喃基,1,3-二氧戊环-4-基,四氢-2-或-3-噻吩基,2,3-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡咯基,2,5-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡咯基,1-、2-或3-吡咯烷基,四氢-1-、-2-或-4-咪唑基,2,3-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡唑基,四氢-1-、-3-或-4-吡唑基,1,4-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-或-4-吡啶基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-或-6-吡啶基,1-、2-、3-或4-哌啶基,2-、3-或4-吗啉基,四氢-2-、-3-或-4-吡喃基,1,4-二 烷基,1,3-二 烷-2-、-4-或-5-基,六氢-1-、-3-或-4-哒嗪基,六氢-1-、-2-、-4-或-5-嘧啶基,1-、2-或3-哌嗪 基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-喹啉基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-异喹啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4- 嗪基,还优选表示2,3-亚甲二氧基苯基、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基、2,3-亚乙二氧基苯基、3,4-亚乙二氧基苯基、3,4-(二氟代亚甲二氧基)苯基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-或6-基、2,3-(2-氧代亚甲二氧基)苯基或者还有3,4-二氢-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂 -6-或-7-基,还优选表示2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基或2,3-二氢-2-氧代呋喃基。
Het优选表示具有1至4个N、O和/或S原子的单或二环不饱和或芳香族杂环,其可以被Hal、A和/或(CR6R7)所单、二或三取代。
Het特别优选表示吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、 唑基、异 唑基、苯并[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并咪唑基、苯并[1,2,5]噻二唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基,它们可以被Hal、A和/或(CR6R7)mCOOR8所单、二或三取代。
最优选的是,R1是H,R2是Hal、优选F或Cl,R3是Hal、A、Ar或OAr,R3的Ar如果存在的话优选被Cl、F、乙基、苯基取代,优选是被Hal、优选F取代的苯基,R4至R7优选是H,R8和R9优选是H或A,当为A时,甲基是优选的,X优选为O,且Y优选为H。Het优选指吡啶基或噻唑基。
化合物优选选自:
7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:1),
8-氟-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:2),
8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:3),
2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:4),
8-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:5),
5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:6),
8-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:7),
7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:8),
8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:9),
7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:10),
7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:11),
7-甲氧基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:12),
8-(4-氟-苯基)-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:13),
5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:14),
5-氧代-7-苯氧基-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:15),
8-氯-7-氟-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:16),
8-乙基-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:17),和
2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺(化合物编号:18)。
还包括本发明化合物的可药用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物。
本发明还涉及这些化合物的立体异构体(包括E、Z异构体)以及水合物和溶剂合物。化合物的溶剂合物用于表示惰性溶剂分子加合到化合物上,这是由于它们的相互吸引力而形成的。溶剂合物例如有单或二水合物或者醇化物。
可药用的衍生物用于表示例如本发明化合物的盐以及所谓的前药化合 物。
前药衍生物用于表示已经例如被烷基或酰基、糖或寡肽所修饰并且在生物体内被迅速裂解而形成本发明的活性化合物的式I化合物。
它们还包括本发明化合物的可生物降解的聚合物衍生物,如例如在Int.J.Pharm.115,61-67(1995)中所述。
表述“有效量”表示在组织、系统、动物或人中导致例如研究人员或医师所寻求或期望的生物学或医学响应的药物或药物活性成分的量。
此外,表述“治疗有效量”表示与相应的未接受该量的个体相比具有如下结果的量:疾病、综合征、病症、不适、障碍的改善的治疗、治愈、预防或消除或者副作用的预防或者还有疾病、病症、障碍或副作用的进展的减少或者还有疾病、病症或紊乱的进程的减少。表述“治疗有效量”还包括有效增加正常生理功能的量。
本发明还涉及本发明的式I化合物的混合物,例如两种非对映异构体的混合物,例如比例为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶10、1∶100或1∶1000的两种非对映异构体的混合物。
这些特别优选是立体异构化合物、z.b对映异构体的混合物。
此外,还通过本身已知的方法如文献(例如在标准著作如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischen Chemie[有机化学方法],Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart)中所述的那些、准确地在已知的且适合于所述反应的反应条件下制备本发明的化合物以及用于制备它们的原料。在此也可以使用本文未更详细提及的本身已知的变化形式。
如果需要的话,原料也可以在原位形成以便它们不从反应混合物中被分离、而是立即被进一步转化为本发明的化合物。
原料化合物通常是已知的。然而,如果它们是新的,那么可以通过本身已知的方法制备它们。
本发明的化合物可以例如如下获得:
使下式(II)化合物
其中R1至R9、X和Y如式(I)中所定义,且
L1是Cl、Br、I、OH、N3、反应活性的酯化OH基团或重氮 部分,与下式(III)化合物反应
其中L2和L3相互独立地是H或金属离子,且Het如上文式(I)中所定义,和任选地通过与酸进行所述反应来分离和/或处理所得的式(I)化合物,以获得其盐。
通常,式(II)化合物和/或式(III)化合物是新的。无论如何,它们可以按照本领域已知的方法或类似于那些方法制得。
在式(II)化合物中,L1优选是Cl、Br、I、OH、反应活性的衍生化OH-部分、尤其是反应活性的酯化OH-部分,例如包含1至6个碳原子的烷基磺酰氧基部分(优选甲基磺酰氧基)或和包含6至10个碳原子的芳基磺酰氧基部分(优选苯基-或对甲苯基磺酰氧基)或重氮 部分,更优选Cl、Br或I,甚至更优选Cl或N3。
如果L1是甲氧基,它是特别优选的。
在式(III)化合物中,L2和/或L3优选是H或激活其所结合的氨基的部分,例如金属离子。适宜的金属离子优选选自碱金属离子、碱土金属离子和铝离子。尤其优选的金属离子是碱金属离子,其中Li、Na和K是尤其优选的。在多价金属离子的情况下,金属离子和式IV化合物形成含有一个或多个式IV化合物和一个或多个金属离子的复合物,其中式IV化合物与金属离子的比例按照化学计量和/或电中性规则取决于金属离子的价键。
式(II)化合物与式(III)化合物之间的反应优选在酸结合手段(物质)的存在下、例如一种或多种碱的存在下进行。适宜的酸结合手段(物质)是本领 域已知的。优选作为酸结合手段(物质)的有无机碱和尤其是有机碱。无机碱的实例有碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物、碱金属或碱土金属碳酸盐以及碱金属或碱土金属碳酸氢盐或者弱酸与碱金属或碱土金属的其它盐,优选钾、钠、钙或铯的那些盐。有机碱的实例有三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)、二甲基苯胺、吡啶或喹啉。如果使用有机碱,通常使用沸点高于在反应期间所应用的最高反应温度的碱是有利的。尤其优选作为有机碱的是二异丙基乙胺。
根据各化合物的反应活性和各自的反应条件,反应时间通常为数分钟至数天。适宜的反应时间可以通过本领域已知的方法、例如反应检测来容易地确定。根据上文给出的反应温度,适宜的反应时间通常为10分钟至24小时、优选30分钟至12小时、尤其是45分钟至8小时的范围,例如约1小时、约2小时、约4小时或约6小时,反应温度为约-30°至140°、通常为-10°至110°、特别是约20°至约100°。
式(II)化合物与式(III)化合物的反应优选在适宜溶剂的存在下进行,所述溶剂优选在各反应条件下是惰性的。适宜溶剂的实例有烃类,例如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化烃类,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇;醚类,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二 烷;乙二醇醚类,如乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮类,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺类,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈类,如乙腈;亚砜类,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,或所述溶剂的混合物。极性溶剂通常是优选的。适宜的极性溶剂的实例有氯化烃类、醇、乙二醇醚类、腈类、酰胺和亚砜类或其混合物。更选优酰胺、尤其是二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
药用盐和其它形式
本发明所述的化合物可以以其最终的非盐形式使用。另一方面,本发明还包括这些化合物的可药用盐形式的使用,所述可药用盐可以通过本领域已知的操作由各种有机和无机酸和碱衍生得到。式I化合物的可药用盐 形式大部分是通过常规方法制备的。如果式I化合物含有羧基,则其适宜的盐之一可通过使该化合物与适宜的碱反应从而产生相应的碱加成盐来形成。这类碱有例如碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂;碱土金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙;碱金属醇盐,例如乙醇钾和丙醇钠;和各种有机碱,如哌啶、二乙醇胺和N-甲基-谷氨酰胺。也包括式I化合物的铝盐。就某些式I化合物而言,可以通过用可药用有机和无机酸处理这些化合物来形成酸加成盐,例如卤化氢,如氯化氢、溴化氢或碘化氢;其它无机酸及其相应的盐,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐或磷酸盐等;和烷基-和单芳基-磺酸盐,如乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和苯磺酸盐;和其它有机酸及其相应的盐,如乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等。因此,式I化合物的可药用酸加成盐包括以下盐:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、精氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐(苯基磺酸盐)、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、氯苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、半乳糖二酸盐(得自粘酸)、半乳糖醛酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、异丁酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、偏磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、油酸盐、扑姆酸盐(palmoate)、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐,苯基乙酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐,但这不代表限于此。
此外,本发明化合物的碱盐包括铝盐、铵盐、钙盐、铜盐、铁(III)盐、铁(II)盐、锂盐、镁盐、锰(III)盐、锰(II)盐、钾盐、钠盐和锌盐,但这不代表限于此。在上述盐中,优选铵盐;碱金属盐钠盐和钾盐,以及碱土金属盐钙盐和镁盐。衍生自可药用有机无毒碱的式I化合物的盐包括以下物质的盐:伯、仲和叔胺、被取代的胺,还包括天然存在的被取代的胺、环状胺和碱性离子交换树脂,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、氯普鲁卡因、 胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺(苄星(benzathine))、二环己基胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、氨基葡糖、组氨酸、哈胺(hydrabamine)、异丙胺、利多卡因、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺和三(羟基甲基)甲基胺(氨基丁三醇),但这不代表限于此。
可以用诸如以下的物质将含有碱性含氮基团的本发明的化合物季铵化:(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二(C1-C4)烷基酯,例如硫酸二甲基、二乙基和二戊基酯;(C10-C18)烷基卤化物,例如癸基、十二烷基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及芳基(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如苄基氯和苯乙基溴。可以用该类盐来制备水溶性和油溶性的本发明的化合物。
优选的上述药用盐包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨基丁三醇,但这不代表限于此。
碱性式I化合物的酸加成盐是通过将游离碱形式与足够量所需的酸接触、从而以常规方式形成盐来制备的。可以通过将盐形式与碱接触并以常规方式分离出游离碱而再生游离碱。就某些物理性质而言,游离碱形式在某些方面与其相应的盐形式不同,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面;然而,对于本发明的目的而言,盐在其它方面与其各自的游离碱形式相当。
如上所述,式I化合物的可药用碱加成盐是用金属或胺如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成的。优选的金属有钠、钾、镁和钙。优选的有机胺有N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
本发明的酸性化合物的碱加成盐是通过将游离酸形式与足够量所需的碱进行接触、从而以常规方式形成盐来制备的。可以通过将盐形式与酸接触并以常规方式分离出游离酸而再生游离酸。就某些物理性质而言,游离 酸形式在某些方面与其相应的盐形式不同,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面;然而,对于本发明的目的而言,盐在其它方面与其各自的游离酸形式相当。
如果本发明的化合物含有一个以上能形成这类可药用盐的基团,则本发明还包括多重盐。典型的多重盐形式包括例如酒石酸氢盐或二酒石酸盐、二乙酸盐、二富马酸盐、二葡甲胺、二磷酸盐、二钠盐和三盐酸盐,但这不代表限于此。
就上述内容而言,可以看出,本文中的表述“可药用盐”指包括其盐之一的形式的式I化合物的活性成分,特别是如果与活性成分的游离形式或早期使用的活性成分的任何其它盐形式相比该盐形式赋予了活性成分改进的药动学性质的话。活性成分的可药用盐形式也可以首次为该活性成分提供了之前其不具有的所需的药动学性质,甚至可能在其体内治疗效果方面对该活性成分的药效学具有积极影响。
本发明的式I化合物由于其分子结构可以是手性的,相应地可以以各种对映异构形式存在。因此,它们可以以外消旋形式或旋光活性形式存在。
因为本发明化合物的外消旋物或立体异构体的药物活性可能不同,所以可以期望使用对映异构体。在这些情况中,可以通过本领域技术人员已知的或者甚至本身在合成中采用的化学或物理方法将终产物或甚至是中间体分离成对映异构化合物。
对于外消旋的胺而言,通过与具有旋光活性的拆分剂反应从混合物中形成非对映异构体。适宜拆分剂的实例有具有旋光活性的酸,例如酒石酸、二乙酰基酒石酸、二苯甲酰基酒石酸、扁桃酸、苹果酸、乳酸、适宜N-保护的氨基酸(例如N-苯甲酰基脯氨酸或N-苯磺酰基脯氨酸)的R和S形式,或者各种具有旋光活性的樟脑磺酸。借助于具有旋光活性的拆分剂(例如二硝基苯甲酰基苯基甘氨酸、三醋酸纤维素或碳水化合物的其它衍生物,或者手性衍生的甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物,固定在硅胶上)进行色谱对映异构体拆分也是有利的。适于该目的的洗脱剂有含水或含醇的溶剂混合物,例如己烷/异丙醇/乙腈,例如82∶15∶3比例的己烷/异丙醇/乙腈。
本发明还涉及化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐在制备药物(药物组合 物)、特别是通过非化学方法制备药物(药物组合物)中的用途。在此它们可以与至少一种固体、液体和/或半液体赋形剂或佐剂一起并且如果需要的话与一种或多种其它活性成分组合转化为适宜的剂量形式。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种本发明化合物和/或其可药用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及任选地包含赋形剂和/或佐剂的药物。
药物制剂可以以每个剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式进行施用。该类单位可包含例如0.5mg至1g、优选1mg至700mg、特别优选5mg至100mg本发明的化合物,这取决于所治疗的病症、施用方法以及患者的年龄、体重和情况,或者药物制剂可以以每个剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式进行施用。优选的剂量单位制剂是包含上述日剂量或部分剂量或其相应分数的活性成分的那些。此外,这类药物制剂可以用药学领域广泛已知的方法来制备。
药物制剂可适用于经由任何预期的适宜方法进行的施用,例如经口服(包括口含或舌下)、直肠、鼻、局部(包括口含、舌下或透皮)、阴道或胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内或真皮内)方法。该类制剂可以用药学领域中已知的所有方法来制备,例如通过将活性成分与赋形剂或辅剂合并来制备。
适于口服施用的药物制剂可以以独立单位的形式进行施用,所述的独立单位例如胶囊或片剂;粉末或颗粒;在水性或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬液;可食用泡沫或泡沫食物;或水包油型液体乳剂或油包水型液体乳剂。
因此,例如,就以片剂或胶囊形式口服施用而言,可以将活性成分组分与无毒的可药用口服惰性赋形剂例如乙醇、甘油、水等合并。粉末可以通过将化合物粉碎至适当细的大小并将其与以相似方式粉碎的药用赋形剂例如可食用的碳水化合物例如淀粉或甘露醇混合来制备。也可以存在矫味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和染料。
胶囊是通过如上所述制备粉末混合物并填充到成型的明胶胶囊壳中来制备的。在进行填充操作前,可以向粉末混合物中加入助流剂和润滑剂,如高度分散的硅酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或固体形式的聚乙二醇。也可以加入崩解剂或增溶剂如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠以提高胶囊被使用后 药物的利用度。
此外,如果需要或必要,也可以向混合物中掺入适宜的粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及染料。适宜的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖类如葡萄糖或β-乳糖、由玉米制得的甜味剂、天然和合成橡胶如阿拉伯胶、西黄蓍胶或藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡类等。这些剂型中所用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂非限制性地包括淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。片剂是通过例如制备粉末混合物、将该混合物制粒或干压、加入润滑剂和崩解剂并将整个混合物压成片剂来制备的。粉末混合物是通过将以适当方式粉碎的化合物与上述稀释剂或基质混合并任选地与粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、溶出阻滞剂如石蜡、吸收促进剂如季盐和/或吸收剂如膨润土、高岭土或磷酸二钙混合来制备的。可以通过用粘合剂如糖浆、淀粉糊、acadia胶浆或者纤维素或聚合物材料的溶液润湿并将其过筛而将粉末混合物制粒。作为制粒的一种替换选择,可以使粉末混合物通过压片机,得到形状不均匀的块状物,将其破碎从而形成颗粒。通过加入硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、滑石粉或矿物油可对颗粒进行润滑以防止粘附在片剂铸模上。然后,将被润滑的混合物压成片剂。也可以将本发明的化合物与自由流动的惰性赋形剂合并,然后在不进行制粒或干压步骤的情况下直接压成片剂。可以存在由虫胶隔离层、糖或聚合物物质层和蜡的光泽层组成的透明或不透明的保护层。可以向这些包衣中加入染料以便能区别不同的剂量单位。
口服液体如溶液、糖浆和酏剂可以被制备为剂量单位形式以便给定量包含预定量的化合物。糖浆可以通过将化合物溶解于具有适宜矫味剂的水性溶液中来制备,而酏剂是用无毒的醇性媒介物制备的。混悬液可以通过将化合物分散于无毒媒介物中来制备。也可以加入增溶剂和乳化剂如乙氧基化的异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚类、防腐剂、矫味添加剂如薄荷油或天然甜味剂或糖精或其它人工甜味剂等。
如果需要,可以将用于口服施用的剂量单位制剂包封于微囊中。也可以以释放被延长或延迟的形式来制备制剂,如通过将粒状材料用聚合物、 蜡等进行包衣或者将其包埋于聚合物、蜡等中来制备制剂。
本发明的化合物及其盐、溶剂合物和生理学功能衍生物也可以以脂质体递送系统如单层小囊泡、单层大囊泡和多层囊泡的形式进行施用。可以由各种磷脂如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱来形成脂质体。
本发明的化合物以及其盐、溶剂合物和生理学功能衍生物也可以用单克隆抗体作为独立载体而被递送,其中所述化合物分子与所述单克隆抗体偶联。也可以将化合物偶联到作为靶向药物载体的可溶性聚合物上。该类聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰氨基苯酚、聚羟乙基天冬酰氨基苯酚或聚氧化乙烯聚赖氨酸(被棕榈酰基取代)。还可以将化合物偶联到一类适于实现药物控释的生物可降解聚合物上,例如聚乳酸、聚-ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯类、聚缩醛类、聚二羟基吡喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物水凝胶。
适于经皮施用的药物制剂可以作为与接受者的表皮长期紧密接触的独立硬膏剂施用。因此,例如,可以用离子电渗疗法使活性成分从硬膏剂中递送,如Pharmaceutical Research,3(6),318(1986)中的通用术语所述。
适于局部施用的药用化合物可以被配制成软膏剂、乳膏剂、混悬剂、洗剂、粉末、溶液剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。
对于眼或其它外部组织例如口和皮肤的治疗,制剂优选地以局部用软膏剂或乳膏剂的形式被应用。在配制软膏剂的情况中,可以将活性成分与石蜡的或水可混溶的乳膏基质一起应用。或者,可以用水包油型乳膏基质或油包水型基质将活性成分配制成乳膏剂。
适于局部应用于眼的药物制剂包括滴眼剂,其中活性成分被溶解或混悬于适宜的载体、特别是水性溶剂中。
适于在口中局部应用的药物制剂包括锭剂、软锭剂和漱口剂。
适于直肠施用的药物制剂可以以栓剂或灌肠剂的形式施用。
其中载体物质是固体的适于鼻施用的药物制剂包含具有例如20-500微米粒度的粗粉末,其可以以嗅的方式施用,即经由鼻道从靠近鼻的含粉末容器中迅速吸入。以液体作为载体物质、以鼻喷雾剂或滴鼻剂施用的适宜制剂包含活性成分在水或油中的溶液。
适于通过吸入施用的药物制剂包含细颗粒粉或雾,所述细颗粒粉或雾可通过各种类型的含气雾剂的加压分配器、喷雾器或吹入器来产生。
适于阴道施用的药物制剂可以以阴道栓、卫生栓、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂的形式施用。
适于胃肠外施用的药物制剂包括:水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和溶质,由此使得制剂与被治疗接受者的血液等张;以及水性和非水性无菌混悬液,其可以包含混悬介质和增稠剂。制剂可以在单剂量或多剂量容器、例如密封的安瓿和小瓶中施用,以冷冻干燥(冻干)状态储存,以便仅需在临用前加入无菌载体液体如注射用水。
按照处方制备的注射溶液和混悬液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
不言而喻的是,除了上面特定提及的组分外,制剂还可以包含本领域中该特定类型制剂中常用的其它物质;因此,例如,适于口服施用的制剂可以包含矫味剂。
本发明的化合物的治疗有效量取决于许多因素,包括例如人或动物的年龄和体重、需要治疗的准确疾病情况及其严重程度、制剂的性质和施用方法,最终由主治医生或兽医来决定。然而,本发明的化合物的有效量一般为0.1至100mg/kg接受者(哺乳动物)体重/天,特别是通常为1至10mg/kg体重/天。因此,对于体重为70kg的成年哺乳动物而言,每天的实际量通常为70至700mg,其中该量可以作为每天单次剂量或者通常以每天一系列部分剂量(如二、三、四、五或六个部分剂量)被施用,从而使得总日剂量相同。可以以本发明化合物本身的有效量分数来确定其盐或溶剂合物或生理学功能衍生物的有效量。可认为相似剂量适用于治疗上述其它病症。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种本发明的化合物和/或其可药用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及至少一种其它药物活性成分的药物。
而且,本发明还涉及包含至少一种选自如下的化合物的药物:
本发明还涉及由如下的单独药包组成的套件(药盒):
(a)有效量的本发明化合物和/或其可药用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;和
(b)有效量的其它药物活性成分。
该套件包含适宜的容器,如盒、单个瓶、袋或安瓿。该套件可以包含例如单独的安瓿,每个安瓿各自包含有效量的本发明化合物和/或其可药用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;和有效量的溶解或冷冻干燥形式的其它药物活性成分。
用途
本化合物适宜作为用于哺乳动物、特别是人的药物活性成分来治疗1和2型糖尿病、肥胖症、神经病和/或肾病。
因此,本发明涉及权利要求1的化合物以及可药用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗1和2型糖尿病、肥胖症、神经病和/或肾病的药物中的用途。
本发明的化合物可以用作预防剂或治疗剂来治疗受葡糖激酶活性水平不足所介导的或者可以通过激活葡糖激酶进行治疗的疾病或紊乱,包括但不限于糖尿病、葡萄糖耐量降低、IFG(空腹葡萄糖降低)和IFG(空腹糖血降低)以及其它疾病和紊乱如下文讨论的那些。
而且,本发明的化合物还可以用于阻止临界型、葡萄糖耐量降低、IFG(空腹葡萄糖降低)或IFG(空腹糖血降低)发展为糖尿病。
本发明的化合物还可以用作糖尿病并发症的预防剂或治疗剂,所述糖尿病并发症例如但不限于神经病、肾病、视网膜病、白内障、大血管病变、骨质减少、糖尿病高渗性昏迷、感染性疾病(例如呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、胃肠道感染、皮肤软组织感染、下肢感染等)、糖尿病性坏疽、口干燥症、听觉降低、脑血管疾病、外周循环紊乱等。
本发明的化合物还可以用作预防剂或治疗剂来治疗诸如但不限于如下的疾病和紊乱:肥胖症、代谢综合征(综合征X)、高胰岛素血症、高胰岛素血症引起的感觉障碍、异常脂蛋白血症(血中的脂蛋白异常)、包括糖尿病性血脂异常症、高脂血症、高脂蛋白血症(血中的脂蛋白过量)、包括I型、II-a型(高胆固醇血症)、II-b型、III型、IV型(高甘油三酯血症)和V型(高甘油三酯血症)、低HDL水平、高LDL水平、动脉粥样硬化及其后遗症、血管 再狭窄、神经变性疾病、抑郁症、CNS紊乱、肝脂肪变性、骨质疏松症、高血压、肾疾病(例如糖尿病性肾病、肾小球肾炎、肾小球硬化症、肾病综合征、高血压性肾硬化、末期肾紊乱等)、心肌梗塞、心绞痛和脑血管疾病(例如脑梗塞、大脑卒中)。
本发明的化合物还可以用作预防剂或治疗剂来治疗诸如但不限于如下的疾病和紊乱:骨质疏松症、脂肪肝、高血压、抗胰岛素性综合征、炎性疾病(例如慢性类风湿性关节炎、变形性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、腰痛、痛风、术后或创伤性炎症、肿胀减轻、神经痛、咽喉炎、膀胱炎、肝炎(包括非酒精性脂肪性肝炎)、肺炎、炎性结肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎)、胰腺炎、内脏肥胖综合征、恶病质(例如癌性恶病质、结核性恶病质、糖尿病性恶病质、血液病性恶病质、内分泌病性恶病质、感染性恶病质、由获得性免疫缺陷综合征引起的恶病质)、多囊卵巢综合征、肌营养不良、肿瘤(例如白血病、乳癌、前列腺癌、皮肤癌等)、肠易激惹综合征、急性或慢性腹泻、变形性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、肿胀减轻、神经痛、咽喉炎、膀胱炎、SIDS等。
本发明的化合物可以与一种或多种另外的药物、例如下文描述的药物组合使用。可以根据临床上采用的剂量来适当地选择第二种药物的剂量。可以根据施用受治疗者、施用途径、目标疾病、临床病症、组合和其它因素来适当地确定式I化合物和第二种药物的比例。对于施用受治疗者是人的情况而言,例如,可以以相对于每重量份式I化合物而言0.01至100重量份的量使用第二种药物。
药物组合制剂或给药方案的第二种化合物优选对式I化合物而言具有互补活性以使它们不会不利地相互影响。这类药物以有效地用于预期目的的量适宜地存在于组合中。因此,本发明的另一方面提供了包含式I化合物或其溶剂合物、代谢物或可药用盐或前药以及第二种药物(例如本文所述)的组合物。
式I化合物和另外的药物活性剂可以在单一药物组合物中一起施用或者单独施用,当单独施用时它们可以同时或以任意顺序依次施用。这类依次施用可以在时间上接近或在时间上远离。将选择式I化合物和第二种药物的量以及相对的施用时间点以获得预期的组合治疗作用。
组合治疗可以提供“协同作用”并且证明是“协同的”,即一起使用活性成分时所获得的作用大于由单独使用化合物所引起的作用之和。当活性成分为如下情况时可以获得协同作用:(1)被共同配制和在组合的单位剂量制剂中同时施用或递送;(2)作为单独制剂被交替或平行地递送;或者(3)通过某种其它方案递送。当在交替治疗中递送时,当化合物被依次施用或递送、例如通过单独注射器的不同注射来依次施用或递送时可以获得协同作用。通常,在交替治疗期间,有效剂量的各活性成分被依次、即连续施用,而在组合治疗中,有效剂量的两种或更多种活性成分被一起施用。
本发明的化合物可以例如与另外的药物、例如用于糖尿病的治疗剂和/或用于如上定义的糖尿病并发症的治疗剂组合使用。
可以与式I化合物组合使用的已知的用于糖尿病的治疗剂的实例包括胰岛素制品(例如从牛或猪胰腺中提取的动物胰岛素制品;通过基因工程技术、使用大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)或酵母合成的人胰岛素制品)、胰岛素片段或其衍生物(例如INS-i)、用于改善抗胰岛素性的物质(例如盐酸吡格列酮、曲格列酮、罗西格列酮或其马来酸盐、GI-262570、JTT-50 1、MCC-555、YM-440、KRP-297、CS-Oil、FK-614)、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(例如伏格列波糖、阿卡波糖、米格列醇、乙格列酯)、双胍类(例如苯乙双胍、二甲双胍、丁双胍)、胰岛素促分泌素[磺脲类(例如甲苯磺丁脲、格列本脲、格列齐特、氯磺丙脲(chiorpropamide)、妥拉磺脲、醋磺己脲、格列吡脲、格列美脲、格列吡嗪、格列丁唑)、瑞格列奈、那格列奈、米格列奈或其钙盐水合物、GLP-1J、二肽基肽酶(dipeptidylpeptidase)IV抑制剂(例如NVP-DPP-278、PT-100)、β-3激动剂(例如CL-3 16243、SR-58611-A、UL-TG-307、SB-226552、AJ-9677、BMS-196085、AZ-40140等)、胰岛淀粉样多肽激动剂(例如普兰林肽)、磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂(例如钒酸)、葡糖异生抑制剂(例如糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶抑制剂、胰高血糖素拮抗剂)、SGLT(钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白)抑制剂(例如T-1095)等。
已知的用于糖尿病并发症的治疗剂的实例包括醛糖还原酶抑制剂(例如托瑞司他、依帕司他、折那司他、zopobestat、米那司他、非达司他(SNK-860)、CT-i 12)、神经营养因子(例如NGF、NT-3、BDNF)、神经营 养因子生成分泌促进剂、PKC抑制剂(例如LY-333531)、AGE抑制剂(例如ALT946、匹马吉定、pyratoxathine、N-苯甲酰基甲基噻唑鎓溴化物(ALT766)、EXO-226)、活性氧清除剂(例如硫辛酸)和脑血管扩张剂(例如tiapuride、美西律)。
本发明的化合物还可以例如与抗高脂血剂组合使用。流行病学证据已经坚定地将高脂血确定为引起心血管疾病(CVD)的首要危险因素,这归因于动脉粥样硬化。近年来,作为预防CVD的必需步骤,已经将重点放在了降低血浆胆固醇水平和特别是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇上。
心血管疾病在糖尿病受治疗者中尤其普遍,这至少部分是由于在该群体中存在多种独立危险因素。因此,在一般群体中以及特别是在糖尿病受治疗者中成功治疗高脂血症具有特殊的医学重要性。抗高脂血剂的实例包括作为胆固醇合成抑制剂的他汀类化合物(例如西立伐他汀、普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、氟伐他汀、伊伐他汀或它们的盐等)、具有降甘油三酯作用的角鲨烯合酶抑制剂或贝特类化合物(例如苯扎贝特、氯贝特、双贝特、克利贝特)等。
本发明的化合物还可以例如与降压剂组合使用。高血压已经与血液胰岛素水平升高(称为高胰岛素血症的病症)相关。胰岛素是肽类激素,其主要作用是促进葡萄糖利用、蛋白质合成以及中性脂类的形成和贮存,并且胰岛素除了其它方面外还用于促进血管细胞生长和增加肾脏钠滞留。后面的这些功能可以在不影响葡萄糖水平的情况下完成,并且是已知的高血压原因。外周血管系统生长例如可引起外周毛细血管收缩,而钠滞留可增加血容量。因此,降低高胰岛素血症中的胰岛素水平可以阻止由高胰岛素水平引起的异常血管生长和肾脏钠滞留,由此减轻高血压。降压剂的实例包括血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(例如卡托普利、依那普利、地拉普利)、血管紧张素II拮抗剂(例如坎地沙坦西酯、氯沙坦、依普罗沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、厄贝沙坦、他索沙坦)、钙拮抗剂(例如马尼地平、硝苯地平、尼卡地平、氨氯地平、依福地平)和可乐定。
本发明的化合物可以与抗肥胖剂组合使用。术语“肥胖症”表示脂肪组织过多。肥胖症是发展许多非常常见的疾病如糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和 高血压的熟知的危险因素。在某种程度上,食欲受下丘脑中的分开区域——下丘脑腹外侧核(VLH)中的进食中枢和腹内侧下丘脑(VMH)中的饱食中枢所控制。大脑皮层接收来自进食中枢的刺激进食的正信号,饱食中枢通过给进食中枢发送抑制性刺激来调节该过程。数个调节过程可以影响这些下丘脑中枢。餐后血浆葡萄糖和/或胰岛素增加可以激活饱食中枢。抗肥胖剂的实例包括作用于中枢神经系统的抗肥胖药物(例如右芬氟拉明、芬氟拉明、芬特明、西布曲明、安非拉酮(anfepramon)、右旋苯丙胺、吗吲哚、苯丙胺醇、氯苄雷司)、胰脂酶抑制剂(例如奥利司他)、β-3激动剂(例如CL-316243、SR-5861 1-A、UL-TG-307、SB-226552、AJ-9677、BMS-196085、AZ-40140)、减食欲肽(anorectic peptide)(例如瘦蛋白、CNTF(睫状神经营养因子))和缩胆囊肽激动剂(例如林替曲特、FPL-1 5849)。
实施例
下述实施例意欲解释本发明,并且一定不能在任何方面解释为限制本发明和权利要求所定义的保护范围。
分析
葡糖激酶激活筛选分析
通过偶联酶分析、使用丙酮酸激酶(PK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)作为偶联酶测定GK活性(人或大鼠酶)。用微量滴定板(MTP)读数器在340nm处通过光度法监测NADH的下降,由此计算GK活性。
对于筛选目的,以384-MTP模式和以33μl/孔的总体积常规地进行GK试验。将10μl ATP再生溶液(在HEPES缓冲液*中,pH7.0,6.73U/ml丙酮酸激酶,6.8U/ml乳酸脱氢酶)和10μl葡糖激酶-/葡萄糖溶液(15μg/ml,6.6mM葡萄糖,在HEPES缓冲液*中,pH7.0;葡萄糖储备液的浓度为在Millipore H2O中的660mM)与3μl 10%DMSO溶液(在HEPES缓冲液*中,pH7.0)一起混合,所述溶液含有3.3倍的化合物量,得到在分析溶液(参见下文)中的1nM至30μM(有时300μM)范围的最终化合物浓度。将溶液混合5秒,于243×g离心5分钟后,将溶液于室温预孵育25分钟。
加入10μl NADH-/ATP溶液(4.29mM NADH、4.95mM ATP,在HEPES缓冲液*中)开始反应。将MTP振摇5秒,然后在MTP读数器(TECAN Spectro fluor plus)中连续监测340nm处的吸光度达下一个27分钟(MTP循环时间为199秒)。不同组分的终浓度如下:49.5mM Hepes(pH7.0)、1.49mM PEP、1.3mM NADH、49.5mM KCl、4.96mM MgCl2、1.5mM Mg-ATP、1.98mM DTT、2.04U/ml丙酮酸激酶、2.06U/ml乳酸脱氢酶、0.91%DMSO、0.15μg葡糖激酶/孔,受试化合物在1nM至300μM的范围。
相对于对照孵育(在2mM葡萄糖和0.91%DMSO的存在下)的AOD340nm,ctrl表示了在化合物存在下的光密度的变化(ΔOD340nm),同时考虑了空白样品(在没有2mM葡萄糖存在下的孵育)的光密度。对于测定半数最大有效浓度(EC50),在半对数图中将%对照值对目标化合物的浓度作图。通过非线性回归分析将数据点拟合为S形曲线函数(f(x)=((%对照max-%对照min)/(1-(EC50/x**n(Hill)))+%对照min))。
*Hepes缓冲液(50mM Hepes,pH7.0,5mM MgCl2,50mM KCl,1.5mM PEP,0.1%BSA)。每天新鲜地将DTT加入到来自200×储备液(在Millipore H2O中)的Hepes缓冲液中。DTT在Hepes缓冲液中的终浓度为2mM。胰腺INS-1细胞的培养
按照Asfari等人(Endocrinology 130:167-178,1992)描述的方法,将INS-1细胞在完全培养基RPMI1640中培养,所述的培养基含有1mM丙酮酸钠、50μM 2-巯基乙醇、2mM谷氨酰胺、10mM HEPES、100IU/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素(CM),并补充有10mM葡萄糖和10%(vol/vol)热灭活胎牛血清(FCS)。
胰岛素分泌分析
将INS-1细胞铺在48孔板中并培养。培养2天后,移去培养基,将培养基变为5mM葡萄糖、1%FCS并将细胞培养24小时。然后将细胞用含有2.8mM葡萄糖的Krebs-Ringer碳酸氢盐HEPES缓冲液(KRBH;135mM NaCl;3.6mM KCl;5mM NaHCO3;0.5mM NaH2PO4;0.5mM MgCl2; 1.5mM CaCl2和10mM HEPES;pH7,4)0.1%BSA洗涤,于37℃在相同缓冲液中预孵育30分钟。然后将细胞洗涤2次,在含有2.8或4.2mM葡萄糖和不同浓度受试分子的KRBH 0.1%BSA中孵育1小时。采用鼠胰岛素抗体(胰岛素大鼠Elit PLUS,目录参考号10-1145-01)通过ELISA测得所收集上层液中的胰岛素浓度。
为了说明本发明,以下实施例被包括在内。但是,可以理解,这些实施例并非限制本发明,而是仅意欲提示实施本发明的方法。
本领域技术人员将知道,所述的化学反应可以容易地被修改以制备大量的本发明的其它葡糖激酶激活剂,用于制备本发明化合物的供选方法被认为在本发明的范围内。例如,可以通过本领域技术人员显而易见的变通而成功地进行没有作为实施例进行举例的本发明化合物的合成,例如通过适当地保护干扰基团、通过采用除所述那些以外的本领域已知的其它适宜试剂和/或通过将反应条件进行常规变通。或者,本文公开的或本领域已知的其它反应将被认可对于制备其它的本发明化合物而言具有适应性。
上下文中,所有温度均以℃表示。在以下实施例中,“常规后处理”表示:如果需要的话,加入水;如果需要的话,调节pH至2-10,这取决于终产物的组成;将混合物用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取,分离相,将有机相通过硫酸钠干燥,蒸发,将产物通过硅胶色谱法和/或结晶进行纯化。硅胶上的Rf值;洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯/甲醇 9∶1。
质谱法(MS):EI(电子碰撞电离)M+
FAB(快原子轰击)(M+H)+
ESI(电雾化离子化)(M+H)+
(另有说明除外)
熔点(mp.):用 熔点B-540测定熔点
LC-MS条件
质量数据(MH+,作为m/z值给出)取自LC-MS测定,用带有来自ERC的ELS检测器Sedex 75的HP 1100系列的Hewlett Packard System进行记录,特征如下:离子源:电雾化(阳性模式);扫描:100-1000m/z;碎裂电压:60V;气体温度:300℃,DAD:220nm。
流速:2.4ml/Min。所用的分离器在用于MS的DAD后将流速降为0.75ml/Min。
柱:Chromolith Speed ROD RP-18e 50-4.6
溶剂:LiChrosolv(Merck KGaA)
溶剂A:H2O(0.01%TFA)
溶剂B:ACN(0.01%TFA)
方法A:在2.6min内从96%A变为100%B。然后0.7min 100%B。
实施例1
7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
步骤A:将氢化钠在石蜡中的混悬液(0.35g,60%)加入5ml碳酸二甲酯中。于室温向该混悬液中滴加溶于2ml碳酸二甲酯中的7,8-二氯-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[b]氧杂 -5-酮(4.3mmol)。将混合物回流2小时,冷却至室温,搅拌过夜。将25ml 2mol/l盐酸加入混合物中。将所得溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。将残余物溶于乙醚中。从该溶液中结晶,获得7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯,产率为40%。LC-MS 2.3min,289.0(MH+),2.8min,289.0(MH+)
步骤B:将7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯(0.2mmol)和2-氨基吡啶(0.2mmol)溶于1ml二甲苯中。通过于150℃微波照射1小时进行反应。将从该反应获得的溶液冷却至室温,用2mol/l盐酸和乙酸乙酯萃取。将乙酸乙酯萃取物经硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。将所剩余的残余物经HPLC纯化(Chromolith制备型RP18,溶剂A:水∶乙腈90∶10+0.1%甲酸,溶剂B:水∶乙腈10∶90+0.1%甲酸,流速:t=0min 25ml/min,t=1min 50ml/min,梯度:t=0min 10%B,t=1min 10%B,t=2min 10%B,t=2.2min 20%B,t=7.5min 50%B,t=7.6min 100%B,t=8.5min 100%B)。将溶剂真空蒸发后,获得白色粉末状的7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺,产率为14%。
LC-MS:1.9min,351.0(MH+), 1H-NMR:(DMSO-d6,500MHz):□[ppm]:10.543(s,1H),8.304(s,1H),8,135(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7,809(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.758(s,1H),7.524(s,1H),7.114(s,1H),4.652(m,1H,J=2.8Hz),4.360(t,1H,J=8.9Hz),4.042(m,1H,J=4.9Hz),2.512(m,2H,J=1.8Hz)
实施例2
8-氟-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
步骤A:将氢化钠在石蜡中的混悬液(0.49g,60%)加入5ml碳酸二甲酯中。于室温向该混悬液中滴加溶于2ml碳酸二甲酯中的8-氟-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[b]氧杂 -5-酮(6.2mmol)。将混合物回流2小时,冷却至室温,搅拌过夜。将25ml 2mol/l盐酸加入混合物中。将所得溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。将残余物溶于乙醚中。从该溶液中结晶,获得8-氟-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯,产率为7%。LC-MS:1.8min,238.0(MH+),2.4min,238.0(MH+)
步骤B:将8-氟-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯(0.6mmol)和2-氨基噻唑(0.6mmol)溶于2.5ml二甲苯中。通过于140℃微波照射30分钟进行反应。将从该反应获得的溶液冷却至室温,用2mol/l盐酸和乙酸乙酯萃取。将乙酸乙酯萃取物经硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。将溶剂真空蒸发后,获得白色粉末状的8-氟-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺,产率为7%。
LC-MS:1.9min,307.0(MH+)1H-NMR:(DMSO-d6,500MHz):d[ppm]:12.102(s,1H),7.731(t,1H,J=7.3Hz),7.464(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),7.234(d,1H,J=3.6Hz),7.056(m,2H,J=7.8Hz),4.654(m,1H,J=2.6Hz),4.340(m,1H,J=7.6Hz),4.013(m,1H,J=7.2Hz),2.502(m,2H,J=1.8Hz)
实施例3
8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
步骤A:将氢化钠在石蜡中的混悬液(0.42g,60%)加入4ml碳酸二甲酯中。于室温向该混悬液中滴加溶于2ml碳酸二甲酯中的8-乙基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[b]氧杂 -5-酮(5.3mmol).将混合物回流2小时,冷却至室温,搅拌过夜。将25ml 2mol/l盐酸加入混合物中。将所得溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。获得棕色油状的8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯,产率为87%。LC-MS:2.2min,249.0(MH+),2.7min,249.0(MH+)
步骤B:将8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -甲酸甲酯(0.6mmol)和2-氨基吡啶(0.6mmol)溶于2.5ml二甲苯中。通过于150℃微波照射1小时进行反应。将从该反应获得的溶液冷却至室温,用2mol/l盐酸和乙酸乙酯萃取。将乙酸乙酯萃取物经硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。将溶剂真空蒸发后,获得白色粉末状的8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺,产率为5%。LC-MS:1.8min,311.2(MH+), 1H-NMR:(DMSO-d6,500MHz):□[ppm]:10.543(s,1H),8.296(s,1H),8.152(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.798(t,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.605(m,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.102(t,1H,J=6.3Hz),7.032(m,1H,J=8.1Hz),6.983(s,1H),4.594(m,1H,J=3.0Hz),4.364(t,1H,J=4.8Hz),3.942(m,1H,J=5.2Hz),2.640(q,2H,J=7.7Hz),2.512(t,2H,J=1.7Hz),1.193(t,3H,J=7.5Hz)
实施例4
2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
步骤A:向氢化钠在石蜡中的混悬液(2.5g,60%)中加入碳酸二甲酯(36ml)。向该混悬液中加入3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[b]氧杂 -5-酮(31mmol)。将混合物回流2小时,冷却至室温,搅拌另外2小时。将100ml 2mol/l盐酸加入混合物中。将所得溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相经硫酸镁干燥,真空除去溶剂。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,经硫酸镁干燥。通过真空蒸发溶剂获得5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯,产率为12%。LC-MS:1.8min,221.0(MH+),2.3min,221.0(MH+)
步骤B:制备5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯(5mmol)在120ml甲醇中的溶液。将溶液通过“H-cube”进行催化氢化(Thales Nanotechnology,流速0.5ml/min,催化剂10%Pd/C 30x4mm,室温,环境压力)。重复该操作三次。真空蒸发溶剂,获得1.1g粗产物。将粗产物通过制备型HPLC纯化(Chromolith制备型RP18,溶剂A:水∶乙腈 90∶10+0.1%甲酸,溶剂B:水∶乙腈 10∶90+0.1%甲酸,流速:t=0min 25ml/min,t=1min 50ml/min,梯度:t=0min 10%B,t=1min 10%B,t=2min 10%B,t=2.2min 20%B,t=7.5min 50%B,t=7.6min 100%B,t=8.5min 100%B),得到0.58g 2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯。LC-MS:2.0min,205.2(MH+)
步骤C:将2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸甲酯(2.4mmol)溶于甲醇中。加入5ml 2mol/l氢氧化钠,将溶液搅拌2小时。真空除去溶剂。加入2mol/l盐酸,再次真空除去溶剂。将残余物通过乙醚进行萃取。进行溶剂蒸发,得到0.5g 2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸。LC-MS:1.8min,191.2(MH+)
步骤D:将2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸(2.3mmol)溶于15ml四氢呋喃中。滴加0.7ml亚硫酰氯,将溶液搅拌2小时。用甲醇萃取反应物。真空除去甲醇和亚硫酰氯,得到340mg 2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-碳酰氯。将其未经进一步纯化用于步骤E。
步骤E:将10ml 2-氨基吡啶溶于10ml四氢呋喃中。滴加溶于2ml四氢呋喃中的2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-碳酰氯(1.1mmol)。将反应混合物用水淬灭,用乙醚萃取。将乙醚相用1mol/l氢氧化钠洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。蒸发溶剂,得到230mg粗产物,将其通过制备型HPLC纯化(Chromolith制备型RP18,溶剂A:水∶乙腈 90∶10+0.1%甲酸,溶剂B:水∶乙腈 10∶90+0.1%甲酸,流速:t=0min 25ml/min,t=1min 50ml/min,梯度:t=0min 10%B,t=1min 10%B,t=2min 10%B,t=2.2min 20%B,t=7.5min50%B,t=7.6min 100%B,t=8.5min 100%B)。由此获得85mg 2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺。LC-MS 1.6min,267.2(MH+)
1H-NMR:(DMSO-d6,500MHz)d[ppm]10.358(s,1H),8.370(m,1H,J=1Hz),8.109(m,1H,J=4Hz),7.815(m,1H,J=2.4Hz),7.474(m,1H,J=2.3Hz),7.392(s,1H),7.277(m,1H,J=1.7Hz),7.140(m,1H,J=1.9Hz),7,068(m,1H,J=3.2Hz),6.983(m,1H,J=1.9Hz),4.259(m,2H,J=3.1Hz),2.985(m,2H,J=2.6Hz)
通过类似方法已经获得了下述实施例的化合物:
实施例5
8-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.7min,317.0(MH+)
实施例6
5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.5min,283.2(MH+)
实施例7
8-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:2.0min,323.0(MH+)
实施例8
7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:2.2min,357.0(MH+)
实施例9
8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:2.0min,317.0(MH+)
实施例10
7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.7min,317.0(MH+)
实施例11
7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:2.1min,323.0(MH+)
实施例12
7-甲氧基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.5min,313.2(MH+)
实施例13
8-(4-氟-苯基)-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:2.3min,405.0(MH+)
实施例14
5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.9min,289.0(MH+)
实施例15
5-氧代-7-苯氧基-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.9min,375.2(MH+)
实施例16
8-氯-7-氟-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:2.0min,363.0(MH+)
实施例17
8-乙基-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.9min,339.2(MH+)
实施例18
2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂 -4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺
LC-MS:1.9min,273.2(MH+)
实施例19
药理学数据
显示了在CTR存在下的ogf人GK的激活。
Claims (19)
1.下式(I)化合物:
其中:
R1和R4相互自主地指H,
R2 指H、Hal或OR10;
R3 指H、A、Hal或Ar;
Y 可以存在或不存在,如果存在的话,表示H,
X 当Y存在时表示O,当Y不存在时表示H;
表示单键或双键;
R6至R7相互自主地表示H,
R8和R9相互自主地表示H或未取代的具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,
R10 表示A或Ar;
A 表示未取代的具有1-10个碳原子的支链或直链烷基;
Ar 表示未取代的或者被Hal相互自主地单、二或三取代的苯基;
Het 表示吡啶基或噻唑基;
Hal 指F、Cl、Br或I;
或其盐,
条件是排除以下化合物:
7-氯-2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-3-基酰胺;
8-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-3-基酰胺;和
8-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-4-基酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于具有式(Ia),
其中R1至R4和R6至R9、Het、Hal、Ar、A和R10具有权利要求1中给出的含义,且R5指H;
或其盐。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于具有下式(Ib),
其中R1至R4和R6至R9、Het、Hal、Ar、A和R10具有式(I)中给出的含义;
或其盐。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中:R1、R4、R6和R7是H,R2是Hal,R3是Hal、A或Ar,R8和R9是H或未取代的具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,X为O,且Y为H;或其盐。
5.根据权利要求4的化合物,其中R2是F或Cl;或其盐。
6.根据权利要求4的化合物,其中R3的Ar如果存在的话被Cl或F取代;或其盐。
7.根据权利要求6的化合物,其中Ar是被F取代的苯基;或其盐。
8.根据权利要求4的化合物,其中R8和R9是甲基;或其盐。
9.根据权利要求2的化合物,其中:R1、R4、R5、R6和R7是H,R2是Hal,R3是Hal、A或Ar,R8和R9是H或未取代的具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基;或其盐。
10.根据权利要求9的化合物,其中R2是F或Cl;或其盐。
11.根据权利要求9的化合物,其中R3的Ar如果存在的话被Cl或F取代;或其盐。
12.根据权利要求11的化合物,其中Ar是被F取代的苯基;或其盐。
13.根据权利要求9的化合物,其中R8和R9是甲基;或其盐。
14.化合物,选自:7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、8-氟-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺、8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、8-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、8-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺、7,8-二氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺、8-乙基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺、7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺、7-甲氧基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、8-(4-氟-苯基)-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺、5-氧代-7-苯氧基-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、8-氯-7-氟-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺、8-乙基-3,3-二甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸吡啶-2-基酰胺和2,3-二氢-苯并[b]氧杂-4-甲酸噻唑-2-基酰胺;或其盐。
15.如下制备权利要求1的式(I)化合物的方法:使式(II)化合物
其中R1至R9、X和Y如式(I)中所定义,且
L1是Cl、Br、I、OH、N3、反应活性的酯化OH基团或重氮部分,与下式(III)化合物反应
其中L2和L3相互独立地是H或碱金属离子、碱土金属离子或铝离子,且Het如上文式(I)中所定义。
16.权利要求1-14任一项的化合物或其盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗1型和2型糖尿病、肥胖症、神经病和/或肾病。
17.根据权利要求16的用途,其中所述疾病是1型和2型糖尿病。
18.权利要求1-14任一项的化合物或其盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗其中葡糖激酶的激活被指示的疾病。
19.药物,包含至少一种权利要求1-14任一项的化合物和/或其盐以及包含至少一种其它药物活性成分。
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PCT/EP2009/000799 WO2009109270A1 (en) | 2008-03-01 | 2009-02-05 | 5-oxo-2, 3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b]oxepine-4-carboxylic acid amides and 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]oxepine-4-carboxylic acid amides for treatment and prevention of diabetes typ 1 and 2 |
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WO2011107494A1 (de) | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-09 | Sanofi | Neue aromatische glykosidderivate, diese verbindungen enthaltende arzneimittel und deren verwendung |
WO2011146358A1 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Substituted seven-membered heterocyclic compounds as dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes |
US8530413B2 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2013-09-10 | Sanofi | Heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments |
TW201221505A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-06-01 | Sanofi Sa | Aryloxyalkylene-substituted hydroxyphenylhexynoic acids, process for preparation thereof and use thereof as a medicament |
TW201215388A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-04-16 | Sanofi Sa | (2-aryloxyacetylamino)phenylpropionic acid derivatives, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments |
TW201215387A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-04-16 | Sanofi Aventis | Spirocyclically substituted 1,3-propane dioxide derivatives, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as a medicament |
EP2465936A1 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-20 | LEK Pharmaceuticals d.d. | Enzymatic synthesis of statins and intermediates thereof |
KR101317656B1 (ko) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-10-15 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 복제효소 인산화를 조절하는 신규 c형 간염 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 |
WO2013037390A1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-21 | Sanofi | 6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-styryl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide derivatives as kinase inhibitors |
EP2760862B1 (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2015-10-21 | Sanofi | 6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-alkyl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide derivatives as kinase inhibitors |
CN108623555B (zh) * | 2017-03-17 | 2021-07-06 | 中国医学科学院药物研究所 | 一种苯并氧杂䓬类化合物、及其制备方法和药物组合物与用途 |
IT202200007589A1 (it) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-15 | Pabif Srl | Processo ed apparato per la produzione di acido levulinico da cellulosa ricavata da biomasse |
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BRPI0407335A (pt) * | 2003-02-07 | 2006-01-10 | Warner Lambert Co | Agentes antibacterianos |
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EP1182195A1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2002-02-27 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Cyclic compounds and uses thereof |
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BRPI0907868A2 (pt) | 2015-07-21 |
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US8383838B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 |
EP2247587A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
AU2009221339A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
EA201001404A1 (ru) | 2011-04-29 |
CN101959879A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
JP5650545B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
IL207842A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
JP2011513346A (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
PT2247587E (pt) | 2014-07-10 |
KR20100122944A (ko) | 2010-11-23 |
MX2010009536A (es) | 2010-09-24 |
AR070635A1 (es) | 2010-04-21 |
US20110009455A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
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