CN101954891B - 机动车辆 - Google Patents

机动车辆 Download PDF

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CN101954891B
CN101954891B CN2010102266853A CN201010226685A CN101954891B CN 101954891 B CN101954891 B CN 101954891B CN 2010102266853 A CN2010102266853 A CN 2010102266853A CN 201010226685 A CN201010226685 A CN 201010226685A CN 101954891 B CN101954891 B CN 101954891B
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vehicle
energy
contact piece
electrically connected
interrupting circuit
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CN101954891A (zh
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艾伦·罗伊·盖尔
迈克尔·W·德格内尔
斯蒂文·F·查利安
范卡特斯瓦·阿南德·塞恩凯伦
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种机动车辆，所述机动车辆包括与车辆一体化的充电端口。充电端口包括：电接触件，被构造为从电网接收电能；故障中断电路，与电接触件电连接。

Description

机动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆的充电端口，尤其涉及一种具有故障中断电路的机动车辆充电端口。
背景技术
Vanderkolk的第6,788,504号美国专利公开了一种移动系统，所述移动系统用于将AC能量供应到不同类型的电负载，所述电负载包括具有接地的中性线(neutral)的电负载和具有与地电隔离的中性线的电负载。系统包括GFCI电路并可在第一模式和第二模式之间切换，在所述第一模式下，电路向具有未接地的(隔离的)中性线的那些负载提供具有接地故障保护的AC能量，在所述第二模式下，GFCI失活(deactivated)，从而由于在负载处的中性线的有意的接地，GFCI将不经历误跳闸(tripping)。公开了可并入车辆、牵引拖车(towed trailer)或便携式发电机中的单相系统和多相系统。在不易获得公用设施电源的位置可使用该系统以将AC能量供应到各种类型的电负载。
Aromin的第6,052,266号美国专利公开了一种使经过在电源和负载之间延伸的成对的线路的电流的流动中断的接地故障电路中断器(GFCI)。GFCI包括具有位于成对的线路中的一条线路中的开关的电路断路器。开关具有在它的关联线路中的电源不连接到负载的第一位置和在它的关联线路中的电源连接负载的第二位置。将开关选择性地定位在第一位置或第二位置的中继电路结合到开关。中继电路包括运行在激励状态或非激励状态的螺线管。GFCI还包括用于将第一电压经由开关选择性地供应到螺线管的升压电路，所述第一电压足以使螺线管从它的非激励状态切换到它的激励状态。供电电路将小于第一电压的第二电压供应到螺线管。在被第一电压初始激励之后，第二电压足以将螺线管保持在它的激励状态。可在第一双稳态和第二双稳态下操作的锁存电路允许螺线管从它的非激励状态切换到它的激励状态。故障检测电路检测在线路中的至少一条线路中的故障情况的存在，并在检测故障情况时使锁存电路锁存在它的第二双稳态。
Chan等人的第5,786,971号美国专利公开了一种用于跨过电源与多个支路连接的多个负载的接地故障保护电路，所述多个支路可用在负载为不平衡处。每一个支路包括接地故障电路中断器件，所述接地故障电路中断器件具有从电源到负载且与中性线隔开的用于GFCI的电子器件的公共线，其中，在每一支路中的用于接地故障电路中断器件的电子器件的公共线连接到公共点。接地故障保护电路采用多个接地故障电路中断器件并消除了有害的跳闸。用于GFCI的电子器件的公共线的走线通过GFCI的电流感测变压器的核。连接用于多个GFCI器件的电子器件的公共线且用于GFCI电子器件的公共线走线通过每一个GFCI的所述变压器的核的用于电子器件的单独的中性线消除了由于不平衡的负载所引起的不合适的GFCI操作。接地故障保护电路可用于三相电源。
发明内容
一种机动车辆，包括：电池充电器，设置在车辆内；充电端口，与车辆一体化。充电端口包括：电接触件，被构造为从电网接收电能；故障中断电路，与电接触件和电池充电器电连接。
一种机动车辆，包括与车辆一体化的充电端口。充电端口包括：电接触件，被构造为从电网接收电能；故障中断电路，与电接触件电连接。
一种机动车功率系统包括能量存储单元、与能量存储单元电连接的能量转换器和与车辆一体化的充电端口。充电端口包括：电接触件，被构造为从远程电源接收电能；故障中断电路。故障中断电路与能量转换器和电接触件电连接。
虽然示出和公开了根据本发明的示例实施例，但是这样的公开不应解释成限制本发明。在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，预期可以做出各种修改和可选择的设计。
附图说明
图1是机动车辆的实施例的示意图。
图2是机动车辆的另一实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
与多种街道和公路相称的电动车辆和电/化石燃料组合车辆对于消费者来说变成为可以获得的。在美国范围内的一些区域中的新法律和被提议的法律提倡增加作为减少空气污染的一种途径的电动车辆的配置。某些国家采取了类似的要求。另外，1990年的清洁空气法案修订案(Clean Air ActAmendments)和1992年的国家能源政策法案(National Energy Policy Act)分别管理公众和私人对清洁燃料车辆和可替代燃料车辆的购买。电动车辆满足了那些要求。结果，对电动车辆的充电可出现在所有的地方，包括住宅的、商业的、零售的和公共场所。
国家电气法规(National Electric Code，NEC)第625条(Article 625)阐述了对电池充电设备的典型的硬接线导电连接的安装要求以及有关电池充电设备的新的“智能的”电感耦合连接的安全性。具体地说，该条款覆盖了机动型车辆充电设备的设备位置、配线方法、设备构建以及控制和保护。第625条规定的意图是防止与车辆充电系统有关的电子设备的用户暴露到被激励的通电部分并提供安全的充电环境。
第625条要求电动车供应设备电缆的全部长度不应超过25英尺，除非配备有列出的适合该目的的电缆管理系统。另外，第625条要求电动车供应设备应具有列出的保护人免受电击的系统。在使用软线和插头连接的(cord-and-plug-connected)电动车供应设备的情况下，所列出的保护人的系统的中断器件应被提供并应作为连接插头(attachment plug)的一体化的部分或者应位于离连接插头不超过12英寸的供电电缆中。
如果使用了不符合的软线和插头连接的电动车供应设备来对车辆进行充电(与非GFI口(outlet)相应)，可能遭受电击。
现在参照图1，机动车辆10(例如，混合电动的、电动的，等等)的实施例包括牵引电池12、电机14和电池充电器16。对本领域技术人员明显的是，电机14可将来自牵引电池12的电能转换成移动车辆10的动力。
电池充电器16可包括桥式整流器18、升压调节器20、降压调节器22和微处理器24。桥式整流器18与升压调节器20电连接，并将交流电流输入转换成直流电流输出。升压调节器20与降压调节器22电连接。微处理器24可按已知方式控制升压调节器20和降压调节器22。例如，微处理器24可控制升压调节器20，以为了能量因素校正等调节桥式整流器18输出的直流电流。升压调节器20、降压调节器22和桥式整流器18的电路可采用任意合适的形式。
车辆10的实施例还包括充电端口26(充电插座(charging receptacle)，等等)。在图1的实施例中的充电端口26包括电接触件28和故障中断电路30(例如，GFI、GFIC、CCID，等等)。电接触件28以已知方式布置，并可经由充电电缆32与电气墙壁插头(由电网服务的)电连接(例如，插上插头)，所述充电电缆32包括火线34、零线36和地线38。
故障中断电路30(可以采用任意的合适的形式)电连接在电接触件28和电池充电器16的桥式整流器18之间。故障中断电路从电接触件28接收火线电压、零线电压和地线电压，使地线电压接地到例如车辆的底盘(未示出)，并将火线电压和零线电压传递到电池充电器16的桥式整流器18。将故障中断电路30定位在充电端口26内可以改进故障中断电路30的能力，以检测在车辆10中的接地故障。
对本领域普通技术人员明显的是，如果故障中断电路30检测到车辆10上的接地故障，则故障中断电路30可以以已知方式在充电端口26处断开电源到车辆10的连接。
现在参照图2，编号与图1的编号相差100的元件可具有与图1的所述编号的元件的类似的描述。机动车辆110的另一实施例包括牵引电池112、电机114、能量转换器116和充电端口126。在图2的实施例中的能量转换器116包括逆变器(inverter)。这样，通过牵引电池112存储的电能可通过逆变器传递到充电端口126。
在图2的实施例中的充电端口126包括参照图1描述的故障中断电路。在其他的实施例中，充电端口126可以没有故障中断电路。其他的布置当然也是可能的。
故障中断电路130已经电连接在能量转换器116和充电端口126之间。这个附加的故障中断电路130保护例如能量转换器116、牵引电池112和电机114不受充电电缆132和地球地(车辆110的底盘)之间的接地故障的影响。
虽然已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，这些实施例并不意图示出和描述本发明的所有可能的形式。说明书中使用的词语是描述性的词语而不是限制性的词语，应当理解，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以做出各种修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种系统，包括车辆，所述车辆包括：
电池充电器；
充电端口，具有：i）电接触件，被构造为从电网接收电能，ii）故障中断电路，与电接触件和电池充电器电连接，并且故障中断电路被配置为从电接触件接收火线电压、零线电压和地线电压，被配置为使地线电压接地到车辆的底盘，并且响应于检测到车辆上的接地故障，断开来自电网的电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述车辆还包括与电池充电器电连接的能量存储单元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，能量存储单元是牵引电池。
4.一种系统，包括车辆，所述车辆包括：
充电端口，充电端口具有：i）电接触件，被构造为从电网接收电能，ii）故障中断电路，与电接触件电连接，并且故障中断电路被配置为从电接触件接收火线电压、零线电压和地线电压，被配置为使地线电压接地到车辆的底盘，并且响应于检测到车辆上的接地故障，断开来自电网的电能。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述车辆还包括能量转换器，其中，故障中断电路与能量转换器电连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，能量转换器是电池充电器。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述车辆还包括与能量转换器电连接的能量存储单元。
8.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述车辆还包括能量转换器和另一故障中断电路，其中，所述另一故障中断电路与充电端口和能量转换器电连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中，能量转换器是逆变器。
10.一种系统，包括车辆，所述车辆包括：
能量存储单元；
能量转换器，与能量存储单元电连接；
充电端口，具有：i）电接触件，被构造为从远程电源接收电能，ii）故障中断电路，与能量转换器和电接触件电连接，并且故障中断电路被配置为从电接触件接收火线电压、零线电压和地线电压，被配置为使地线电压接地到车辆的底盘，并且响应于检测到车辆上的接地故障，断开来自远程电源的电能。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，车辆还包括与能量转换器和充电端口电连接的另一故障中断电路。
12.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，能量转换器是电池充电器。
13.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，能量存储单元是牵引电池。
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