CN101952120A - 多层纸材、其形成的方法以及获得三维容器的方法 - Google Patents

多层纸材、其形成的方法以及获得三维容器的方法 Download PDF

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CN101952120A
CN101952120A CN2009801050772A CN200980105077A CN101952120A CN 101952120 A CN101952120 A CN 101952120A CN 2009801050772 A CN2009801050772 A CN 2009801050772A CN 200980105077 A CN200980105077 A CN 200980105077A CN 101952120 A CN101952120 A CN 101952120A
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乔治·特拉尼
马里翁·施特纳
莱奥纳多·安德烈奥蒂
马尔科·斯卡托
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Abstract

一种多层纸材，包括三维结构的至少一个第一片(2、12)和固定到该第一片(2、12)上的至少一个第二片(14、14’)，并在它们之间限定出空的空间，其特征在于：至少所述第二片(14、14’)由在所有方向上具有不小于5％的伸展度的纸材制成。

Description

多层纸材、其形成的方法以及获得三维容器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及多层纸材、其制备方法，以及用于生产三维容器的方法。
背景技术
多层纸材是已知的，特别地称为“波纹纸板”(corrugated cardboard)，其包括波纹纸片，也即成形为呈现持续接连的波纹，而平纸片沿着其波顶胶合到该波纹纸片上。也可以胶合两个平纸片，每面上一个。
不管是具有一个、两个或更多个平纸片，已知的波纹纸板主要用于技术包装部门，其中波纹纸层的作用是保护包装的产品，而平纸片的功能是使波纹纸层变硬，并形成支撑件用于印刷。
在生产波纹纸层的已知方法中，波顶总是横向于机器方向(machine direction)，也即垂直于形成波纹层的纸幅的前进方向。因为这样，已知的波纹纸板在横向上具有更大的弯曲硬度，而在纵向上具有更小的弯曲硬度。
除了用于包裹多种各式各样的产品，已知的波纹纸板也通常用于形成箱子和容器，以容纳被包装的物品，这些物品不必与容器具有相同的形状，因此它们在纵向上差的弯曲硬度在生产足够硬的容器时产生了困难。
为减轻该问题，以前已经提出增加波纹纸的层数，而这实质上增加了包装的重量和成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供多层纸材，其在所有方向上都具有高的弯曲硬度。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供多层纸材，对比于传统的波纹容器，可以在其上以浮凸(relief)的方式印刷文字或者提供装饰。
这些和其他目的——它们将从后面的说明中变得显而易见——根据本发明通过权利要求1中所述的多层纸材获得。
根据本发明，为生产多层纸材，采用了如权利要求11所述的方法。
为采用多层纸材形成三维容器，用所述纸材实施权利要求12所述的方法。
附图说明
本发明的一些优选的实施方式进一步在下文中通过参考附图而说明，其中：
图1a是穿过根据本发明的纸材的示意截面图，
图1b以分解示意截面图示出该纸材，
图2a以示意截面图示出纸材的第二个实施方式，
图2b以分解示意截面图示出纸材，
图3是纸材第三实施方式的部分打开的部分透视图，
图4a是分解透视图，示出形成平行六面体容器的冲压的多层纸材片，以及用于通过拉伸成形使其变形的平坦的模子，
图4b是生产的容器的透视图，
图5a是用多层纸材获得的平行六面体容器的分解的透视图，其通过在模子内拉伸成形而进行变形，
图5b表示生产的容器，
图6是同样地用本发明的纸材获得的平行六面体容器的透视图，并在其侧面上呈现出不同的装饰性浮凸图形，和
图7示出与图6相同的容器，但是在其侧面上呈现出又一不同的装饰性浮凸图形。
具体实施方式
如可以在图中看到的，在图1所示的实施方式中，本发明的多层材料包括两个纸层2、4，所述纸层在纵向和横向上都具有不小于5％的伸展特性，优选不小于15％。
纵向方向指沿着连续的纸幅离开造纸机的轴线的方向，而横向方向指垂直于纵向方向的方向。
第一纸层2具有连续的横向波纹，并通过传统的波纹纸板生产方法生产，也即采用波纹器，该波纹器在纸材纸幅胶合到第二纸层4上之前弯曲该连续的纸材纸幅，不同地，该第二纸层4保持拉紧并起到支撑件的作用。
可选地，起到支撑件作用的单个的纸片4可以由可伸展的材料制成，而不同地，波纹纸片2是通常的纸片，也即基本不具有伸展特性，除了每个纸片都具有的其本身固有的伸展性。
在图2a和2b的实施方式中，该多层材料不同于图1a和1b所示的材料地方是该波纹层2位于两个平的纸层4和4’之间，每个纸层都具有不小于5％的纵向和横向伸展特性，优选地不小于15％。
根据其特定应用，纸片4和可能的纸片4’可以连接到另外的保护层上，所述保护层不必是纸的，但是同样地是有伸展性的，用以为该多层材料提供特别的特性，例如不可渗透性、粘合性、可印刷性等。
图3所示的实施方式示出三片纸层12、14和14’，其中中间的层12是横向的波纹纸层，不必是伸展性的，而两个外层14和14’是伸展性的纸，并且在胶合到中间层12之前进行塑性变形处理，该处理利用纸张的伸展特性根据该多层纸材的用途在其中形成一系列不同形状的浮凸。
特别地，该外片14包括多个圆形的浮凸16，其主要作用是提高已经由中间层12提供给该多层纸材的防冲击特性，该防冲击特性在包装部门对该材料的使用中是特别有用的。
不同地，外片14’具有多个线性的浮凸18，它们垂直于中间层12的波纹设置，具有双重功能：进一步提高多层材料由于中间层12的波纹和外层14的圆形浮凸16而具有的防冲击特性；和整合纵向弯曲硬度与由中间层12的横向波纹给出的横向弯曲硬度。
需要指出的是，尽管中间层12的横向波纹在整个纸片的宽度上延伸并可以通过不必要求使用可伸展纸的起波纹技术生产，但是层14的圆形浮凸16和层14’的纵向浮凸18只在相关纸片的部分宽度上延伸，并通过有利地采用形成纸片的纸的伸展特性而生产。
从生产的角度看，在胶合到中间层12之前，连续的纸片14和14’进行传统的伸展成形操作，该操作例如通过将可伸展的纸片在辊子对之间通过而实现，所述辊子在它们横向表面中具有相互穿透的洞和互补的浮凸，或者通过其他传统的方法实现，包括通过冲压、通过压缩空气、通过混合的技术等变形。
本发明的多层纸材可以有利地用于包装部门以包装任何类型和形状的物品，在本例中假定形状或多或少近似对应于物品本身的形状。
该多层纸材还可以用于形成具有实际形状的容器，通过弯曲材料的硬度而稳固。该硬度还可以在容器制造过程中和在填充时容器使用过程中得到积极的使用。在这些阶段，它们通常受到机器的影响，多层纸板片——可能冲压、折叠和胶合以形成变平的容器——通过传统的自动包装机器而撤出，所述包装机器将其打开，将其正确地放置在填充站前面，然后将其关上，使其受到一系列类型和程度变化非常大的应力的作用，从而使得由基本不可变形的材料制成为能够对各种类型的应力起作用，该包装机器能够在更多的在速率、可靠性和应力类型方面的传动条件下在其上进行操作。
然而，如果由本发明的多层纸材形成的容器在等待包装时不折叠为平的，然后被打开，而是已经为它们最终的使用形式，则本发明研究了合适的堆叠形状，因为容器的不可变形性因此合适的堆叠形状允许更容易的堆叠，同样地，允许容易地卸垛。
最后，根据本发明，通过采用其构成层的伸展特性，整个多层可以变形而不是单独的层变形。这可以通过使多层纸幅在其形成之后、但是在制造容器之前，或者已经制成的容器受到拉伸而实现。
图4a和4b示出在用于形成平行六面体容器的方法中的两个步骤，该容器用根据本发明的多层纸材得到。特别地，图4a上部示出冲压和形成折缝线的多层材料片20，而下部示出平坦的模子，该纸片在被折叠和胶合以形成如图4b所示的平行六面体容器24之前，在模子上通过传统技术的伸展成形而变形，容器横向壁包括装饰性的浮凸图形。
图5a和5b表示用于形成平行六面体容器的不同方法的两个步骤，该容器在其两个相对的竖直壁上具有不同的装饰性图形30。该方法包括首先通过传统的冲压、形成折缝线、折叠和胶合技术形成平行六面体容器28，然后将其插入到等尺寸的模子32的平行六面体腔内，其中对应于容器28需要装饰的壁的两个壁包括对应于浮凸图形30的凹陷34。然后压缩空气供应到插入在模子32中的容器28中，以将壁部推入到模子凹陷中，以通过拉伸成形而生成装饰性浮凸图形。
通过改变设置在模子32中的凹陷34的形状和位置，在容器上获得的浮凸30的形状和布置改变。图6和7表示两个平行六面体容器28，在其两个侧壁上包括不同结构的图形，以用较少量的纸材提供实质上增加的硬度。
该容器也具有采用相等材料获得更大容积容量的优点，并提供吸震功能。

Claims (15)

1.一种多层纸材，包括三维结构的至少一个第一片(2、12)和固定到该第一片(2、12)上的至少一个第二片(14、14’)，并在第一片和第二片之间限定出空的空间，其特征在于：至少所述第二片(14、14’)由在所有方向上具有不小于5％的伸展度的纸材制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第二片(14、14’)在所有方向上具有不小于10％的伸展度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第二片(14、14’)在所有方向上具有不小于15％的伸展度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：保护材料层连接到所述第二片(14、14’)上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：包括两个可伸展纸材的第二片(14、14’)，三维结构纸材的所述第一片(2、12)插入在所述两个可伸展纸材的第二片(14、14’)之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第一片(2、12)由包括在横向方向上的波纹的纸材构成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第一片(2、12)由在所有方向上具有不小于5％的伸展度的纸材制成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第一片(2、12)由在所有方向上具有不小于15％的伸展度的纸材制成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第二片(14、14’)包括多个浮凸(16、18)。
10.根据权利要求1-5之一所述的多层纸材，其特征在于：所述第二片(14’)包括多个细长的浮凸(18)，所述细长的浮凸在基本垂直于所述波纹的方向上延伸。
11.用于形成如权利要求1-10中的一个或多个所述的纸材的方法，其特征在于：使第一片(12)变形以使其具有三维结构，并使在所有方向上具有不小于5％的伸展特性的至少一个第二片(14、14’)通过拉伸成形而变形，使所述第二片也具有三维结构，然后将所述层连接在一起。
12.用于采用如权利要求1-10中的一个或多个所述的多层纸材形成三维容器的方法，其特征在于：所述多层纸材依次进行以下步骤：冲压、形成折缝线、折叠和稳定在折叠构型，以形成三维容器，并且在任何所述步骤之前或之后，使该多层纸材在需要生成装饰性浮凸图形的那些区域内局部地进行拉伸成形。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于：在折叠和稳定在三维容器的形式之前，使冲压并形成折缝线的材料进行拉伸成形。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：使冲压并形成折缝线的材料在平坦的模子(22)中进行拉伸成形，所述模子(22)包括与那些需要设置在最终容器(24)中的浮凸-腔对应的浮凸-腔。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：使已经形成的容器(28)在模子(32)中拉伸成形，该模子(32)具有与所述容器基本对应的腔，并且该模子在那些与最终容器的壁对应的壁上，具有与需要在容器上获得的装饰性浮凸图形对应的腔(34)。
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