CN101947727A - 用于移除压缩机叶片的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于移除压缩机叶片的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN101947727A
CN101947727A CN2009101136968A CN200910113696A CN101947727A CN 101947727 A CN101947727 A CN 101947727A CN 2009101136968 A CN2009101136968 A CN 2009101136968A CN 200910113696 A CN200910113696 A CN 200910113696A CN 101947727 A CN101947727 A CN 101947727A
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CN101947727B (zh
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P·L·卡尔马
G·D·舍洛克
F·E·尼蒙斯
J·D·梅斯
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General Electric Co PLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/70—Disassembly methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49318—Repairing or disassembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53796—Puller or pusher means, contained force multiplying operator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53961—Means to assemble or disassemble with work-holder for assembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53996—Means to assemble or disassemble by deforming

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于移除压缩机叶片的设备和方法，具体而言，提供了一种用于从旋转机械的轮(215)中的燕尾槽移除叶片(305)的设备和方法。至少一个装置(220)适于将推力施加在叶片的第一表面上。用于支承轮的转盘(210)具有分度能力，以便以预定量使该轮前进。该装置可用来从轮中移除一个或多个叶片。

Description

用于移除压缩机叶片的设备和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求基于2008年12月31提交的第61/141,851号美国临时申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及压缩机，且更具体地涉及用于移除压缩机叶片的设备和方法。
背景技术
传统的燃气涡轮机通常以如下原理来运行：在压缩机内压缩空气，然后将压缩空气输送给燃烧室，燃料在燃烧室内添加到空气并被点燃。然后，将生成的燃烧混合物输送到燃气涡轮机的涡轮段，在涡轮段，由燃烧过程所产生的能量的一部分被涡轮提取以通过轴驱动压缩机。
在多级压缩机段中，定子放置在压缩机段的入口和出口处，以及各个压缩机级之间，以便适当地将气流导向各个连续的压缩机级。因此，定子能通过适当地影响压缩机段内的气流和压力来提高压缩机性能。
定子通常包括环形阵列的翼型件或叶片。定子典型地形成为如定子叶片段的段，其包括被底座支承的一个或多个翼型件。底座包括燕尾榫以将定子叶片段单元维持在壳内。这些定子叶片段单独地安装到压缩机壳上以形成环形阵列，使得翼型件径向地突出在相邻的压缩机级对之间。具有叶片的转子占据定子叶片之间的空间。转子叶片或翼型件也经由燕尾榫连接而连接到转子轮上。
在长时间使用之后，压缩机的叶片或翼型件可能需要维修或更换。用于从压缩机轮中移除压缩机叶片的一些已知的方法依赖于手工作业。在一种方法中，第一个人将安装在长柄末端上的V形块安置在叶片的前缘上。然后第二个人摆动大锤并敲打V形块的背面。重复此过程多次，直至从轮上移除叶片为止。然后，对于其它叶片重复此过程，而此过程是耗时的，并可能是潜在危险的活动。另一个已知的方法使用手持式气动风镐来在叶片上施加压力，直到叶片移除为止。这需要风镐操作人员相当大的体力，并也可能承担受伤的危险。
发明内容
简而言之，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种用于从旋转机械的轮中的燕尾槽移除叶片的设备。至少一个装置适于将推力施加在叶片的第一表面上。用于支承轮的转盘具有分度(indexing)能力，以便以预定量使轮前进。该装置可用来从轮中移除一个或多个叶片。
在本发明的另一个方面，提供一种用于从旋转机械的轮中的燕尾槽移除叶片的方法。至少提供一个装置以将推力施加在叶片的第一表面上。提供用于支承轮的转盘，且该转盘具有分度能力以便以预定量使轮前进。该装置可用来从轮中移除一个或多个叶片。
附图说明
当参考附图(其中，贯穿若干附图相似的符号代表相同部件)阅读下文的具体实施方式时，本发明的这些和其它特征、方面和优点将变得更好理解，其中：
图1图示了根据本发明的一个方面用来容纳用于移除叶片的设备的消音箱的透视图；
图2图示了根据本发明的一个方面容纳在图1的箱内用来移除叶片的设备的透视图；
图3图示了根据本发明的一个方面移除了叶片的压缩机轮的一部分的透视图。
部件列表
  100   消音箱
  110   门
  200   设备
  210   转盘
  215   轮
  220   锤
  305   叶片
具体实施方式
本发明的下列实施例具有许多优点，包括提供设备和方法以便快速和安全地移除压缩机叶片，以及减少对维护人员严重体力的需要。此外，本发明也减少在叶片移除操作期间工作场所中的环境噪音。
图1图示了本发明的一个实施例并大体上示出了包含叶片移除设备的隔音箱100。门110可打开以获得到箱100内部的通道，并优选地尺寸设置成允许压缩机轮通过。隔音箱100限制并将箱外的环境噪音减至大约80dbA以下。任何合适的减噪材料或绝缘层均可用来构建箱100。箱100也可结合安全联锁装置以防止在门打开的情况下操作。
图2图示了用来通过箱100的打开的门110移除压缩机轮的叶片的设备的一个实施例的视图。设备200具有可接收和支承压缩机轮215的可变地可分度的转盘210。不是所有的压缩机轮具有相同数量的叶片，因此转盘210的旋转可调整以用恰当的角度分度，以一次使一个叶片前进。分度机构可数字地进行控制和调整。
设备200也包括装置，比如锤220，例如气锤(在下文中指的是“锤”，其不意图以任何方式限制本发明)，其可使用空冷的硬块以在移除期间压在叶片上。空气冷却可帮助降低使用期间工件和工具的温度。锤220可通过液压装置来前进，该液压装置可在移除叶片时使锤前进，因而保持叶片上的恒定压力。锤220可在两个或多个平面上旋转，并相对于被移除的叶片前进或缩回。这就使设备200能够用于多种多种叶片和轮尺寸。
用于将动力传递给锤220的构件可以多种方式提供。锤220可由通过气流通道的高压气体来提供动力。高压气体可由来自箱外的供应脐带(umbilical)供应。备选地，锤220可由通过供应脐带供应电力的电磁螺线管来提供动力。备选的动力方法也可包括超音速的或亚音速的声学负荷或爆炸性负荷。锤也可以是冲锤、气锤或液压锤。液压油缸也可连接到锤220上以协助移除过程。
可提供一些或所有设备机构的远程操作。例如，可在箱100的外部上提供控制面板，并且使转盘210能够从隔音箱100的外部远程地分度。锤220也可自隔音箱的外部远程地操作。在备选实施例中，处理器可经由有线或无线连接而连接到设备200上，并用来控制设备200的一些或所有部件。
图3图示了接触压缩机轮215的其中一个叶片305的锤220的视图。锤可操作用来驱动叶片305从上面(如所示)或下面离开轮215。
现在将根据本发明的一个方面描述移除叶片305的方法。可将具有多个叶片的压缩机轮送入箱100中并安装在转盘210上。夹紧机构(未示出)可用来将轮215紧固到转盘210上。润滑剂(例如渗透性润滑剂)可应用到叶片和燕尾接头上以协助移除过程。设备可以适当的分度值规划以一次使轮前进一个叶片。
锤可置于待移除的叶片的上面或下面。锤可通过任何合适的传感器(例如，电的或光的)来定位，或者通过箱100的窗口手动地观测。一系列初始击打来自锤220，同时与叶片维持大体上连续的接触，使叶片启动，该运动可通过液压油缸的力继续。可继续该操作直到叶片从轮215移除为止。然后，转盘210将下一个叶片移动入位，可重复此过程，直到所有的叶片均被移除为止。
已经描述了单头设备，但将会了解的是，可使用多头设备(例如，具有两个或多个锤的设备)。此外，压缩机或涡轮机轮中的任何叶片或翼型件可用本发明的设备和方法移除或安装。
此外，如果需要的话，可提供用来分配渗透性润滑剂的装置(在图中未示出)，以帮助从燕尾榫释放叶片。这种渗透性润滑剂可经由供应脐带从外部源提供，并通过喷嘴连通。
尽管本文描述了不同的实施例，但将从说明书了解的是，在本发明的范围内，可做出不同的元件组合、变形或改进。

Claims (10)

1.一种适于从旋转机械的轮(215)中的燕尾槽移除叶片(305)的设备(200)，包括：
适于将推力施加在叶片的第一表面上的至少一个装置(220)；
用于支承所述轮的转盘(210)，所述转盘具有分度能力，以便以预定量使所述轮前进；
其中，所述至少一个装置能够用来从所述轮移除一个或多个叶片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述至少一个装置包括以下装置中的至少一个：
冲锤、气锤和液压锤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备容纳在消音箱(100)内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备还包括：
位于所述消音箱外部的控制面板。
5.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述消音箱将所述箱外的环境噪音减小到至少约80dbA以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备还包括：
连接到所述至少一个装置上的液压油缸，所述液压油缸用来辅助移除。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，所述至少一个装置包括以下装置中的至少一个：
冲锤、气锤和液压锤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述机械为以下机械中的至少一个：
压缩机轮和涡轮机轮。
9.一种用于从旋转机械的轮中的燕尾槽移除叶片的方法，包括：
提供适于将推力施加在叶片的第一表面上的至少一个装置；
提供用于支承所述轮的转盘，所述转盘具有分度能力，以便以预定量使所述轮前进；
其中，所述至少一个装置可用来从所述轮移除一个或多个叶片。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
启动所述至少一个装置以将所述叶片推出所述燕尾槽；以及
启动所述转盘以使所述轮前进至少一个叶片，以便可定位所述至少一个装置以移除另一个叶片。
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CN108019241A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 通用电气公司 涡轮叶片在涡轮叶片基部处的安装或移除
CN109014458A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-18 贵州凯阳航空发动机有限公司 一种飞机发动机叶片的切割方法
CN109333412A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-02-15 中国航发南方工业有限公司 涡轮转子组件的锁片分解工装
CN114762926A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2022-07-19 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 涡轮叶片拆卸工具及方法

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