CN101927068A - Airline extinguishment auxiliary device and airline extinguishment method - Google Patents
Airline extinguishment auxiliary device and airline extinguishment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for assisting airplanes to conduct airline extinguishment. The device is an onboard airline electronic system, comprising a navigation and combustion source sensor, a database system, a voice communication system, a data link, a human-computer interface, a display system, a data interface system and a comprehensive task processing system, wherein all systems are connected with a comprehensive task processing system. The device is utilized to conveniently formulate a flight plan on flying to the scene of fire, an extinguishment strategy flight plan and a round-trip water-drawing flight plan. Meanwhile, the device can monitor and alarm fire behavior display, extinguishment material spray suggestion, extinguishment material spray prediction and extinguishment flight tasks. The method and the device for implementing airline extinguishment researched by the invention can effectively assist pilots to conduct extinguishment, improve extinguishment success rate, save cost, and strengthen safety in the process of executing the tasks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Aerial extinguisher and method, particularly airborne avionics, flight plan, navigation, the auxiliary extinguishing material that sprays, the Aerial extinguisher and the method for the monitoring of fire extinguishing flight safety.
Background technology
The fire of diffusion is difficult to control usually on a large scale, causes serious harm for people's property and life security.Especially forest fire can spread in meadow and forest rapidly by wind action, forms the huge scene of a fire, and the scene of fire usually is in remote districts, and landform is dangerous in addition, makes control and stamps out a fire very difficulty.Current have many kinds of modes to control and stop spreading of fire, comprises traditional ground fire fighter and equipment, also comprises and use aircraft from the aerial extinguishing material that directly sprays.Adopt aircraft directly from the airline extinguishment technology of aerial spraying extinguishing material, can directly stamp out a fire or form one section isolation strip, have good effect, particularly the landform that is difficult to arrive for ground fire-putting-out strength, or remote scene of fire, the advantage of airline extinguishment is more obvious.Yet because fire is various informative, the influence of landform, wind makes that the situation of scene of fire is very complicated in addition, guarantee that the safety of flight and effective input of extinguishing material are the comparison difficulties, usually need the pilot to possess superb technology and rich experience, otherwise can cause the fire extinguishing poor effect, even fatal crass.United States Patent (USP) U.S.No.5,549,259 " Innovative airtankers and innovative methods for aerial fire fighting " mentioned a kind of it is misty and the condition at night under the detection of fires symptom of a trend, and in time and exactly spraying liquid suppresses the mode of fire, but can not formulate effective flight plan and vector aircraft flight at the characteristics of fire extinguishing task in this patent, sprinkling for liquid needs special acceleration liquid device and special military sighting device, cost is high, and not general for general air tanker.United States Patent (USP) U.S.No.5,878,819 " Device for assisting with the extinguishing of fires by water-bombing aircraft " have proposed a kind of detection and have accurately located burning things which may cause a fire disaster, and plan the flight path of spraying flight path and leaving the scene of fire according to aircraft position and topographic database.This patent does not well solve the problem that extinguishing material sprays accuracy, particularly do not show, provide the pilot with reference to decision-making with form intuitively, and not with the ground control and management in heart effectively cooperate, mode is dumb, can not bring into play the advantage of coordinated fire extinguishing better.United States Patent (USP) U.S.No.2010/0036549A1 " Methods And Systems For Display a predicted distribution of fire retardant material form an aircraft " has proposed a kind of flight management system prediction extinguishing material that uses and has landed the method in zone, can on map, predict the landing zone of extinguishing material, assisting in flying person throws in extinguishing material, but this mode is not considered the situation of aircraft on vertical section, do not carry out the performance suggestion, and do not consider the characteristics of fire and formulate the prediction fire extinguishing plan of optimization at the characteristics of fire extinguishing aerial mission.In addition, current airline extinguishment technology does not provide aboard yet can be used for the water source information that air tanker draws water, and at the characteristics of fire extinguishing aerial mission air tanker is not monitored, and ensures the technology of flight safety.
Summary of the invention
In order to change the main experience of current airline extinguishment according to the fire extinguishing pilot, complicated operation, be difficult to accurately throw extinguishing material, the state of the art that lacks special monitoring fire extinguishing flight safety, the invention provides a kind of general airline extinguishment method and servicing unit thereof, the pilot that can help to put out a fire formulates and carries out the fire extinguishing plan rapidly, carry out the input of extinguishing material exactly, thereby improve the ability of airline extinguishment, alleviate driver's burden, and a kind of security monitoring and alarming mechanism are provided, effectively improve the security of fire extinguishing flight.
In order to realize goal of the invention of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit, this device is general airborne avionics, comprising: navigation and burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor, Database Systems, voice communication system, data chain, man-machine interface, display system, data-interface system and comprehensive task treatment system, described navigation and burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor, Database Systems, voice communication system, the data chain, man-machine interface, display system, the data-interface system all links to each other with the comprehensive task treatment system, wherein
Navigation sensor is used for calculating the necessary navigation information of aircraft flight;
The burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor is detection of fires zone and grade in certain distance;
Information such as Database Systems storage airport, way point, instrument flight procedure, available water source;
Voice communication system provides speech communication between pilot and ground control centre, ground fire-putting-out strength, other air attack strength;
The data chain, various data messages such as the transmission condition of a fire, fire extinguishing flight plan and meteorological condition;
Man-machine interface provides the pilot to formulate and revises flight plan and the interface of importing the information that transmits from the speech communication system;
Display system provides flight plan information, navigation information, and condition of a fire situation information is sprayed the demonstration of advising;
Data interface unit provides the interface that other avionics system communicates on this device and the aircraft;
The comprehensive task treatment system is carried out described various calculating and information processing.
Described burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor is the sensor of infrared sensor or imageing sensor or other form.
Described navigation sensor is the built-in GPS receiver of airline extinguishment servicing unit, or existing inertial navigation system, radionavigation sensor on the aircraft.
Described display system is the EFIS on multi-functional control display or the aircraft.
Described data interface unit is ARINC 429, CAN bus, bus forms such as MIL-STD-1553B.
Described Database Systems comprise standard database and self-defining database.
Can the be coupled storage extinguishing material device of aircraft of described man-machine interface is controlled the switch of storage extinguishing material device and the flow in the launch process.
A kind of method of airline extinguishment comprises the steps:
1) pilot is according to the requirement of sending at control and management center, ground, utilizes data such as airport in the navigational route database, guidance station, way point, water source to formulate the flight of scene of fire and the plan of drawing water of flying to;
2) after flight plan activates, display system shows flight plan information and navigation information, and the prestissimo suggestion is provided, and pilot's vector aircraft arrives the scene of fire rapidly;
3) behind the arrival scene of fire, utilize sensor to survey burning things which may cause a fire disaster and accurately definite fire location of navigation sensor and scope, show supplementary and send to other control force to the pilot, the pilot formulates fire extinguishing route planning and the route planning that withdraws from the scene of fire according to supplementary or by receiving mapping out the plan of control and management center, ground;
4) according to current air speed, highly, information prediction extinguishing material such as wind land the zone, and provide the aid decision advisory information according to the estimation range of landing of conflagration area and extinguishing material;
5) according to the landform of aircraft current location calculating front region,, calculate the flight envelope of a safety, the demonstration of vertical section is provided in conjunction with the type of fire;
6) pilot is with reference to decision recommendation information, the control aircraft along the fire extinguishing route planning at appropriate heights, speed, be in due course and spray with suitable flow, form buffer zone or directly put out fire.
Repeatedly coming and going in the process that draws water, can store the path and the way point of self-defined flight plan, repeatedly directly call in the two-way process and carry out.After the sprinkling extinguishing material finished, the pilot called the information in the water source database, and the also maintenance plan of drawing water is formulated as drawing water the destination in the nearest water source of selecting to provide, and repeatedly enforcement fire extinguishing operation again draws water.
Basic principle of the present invention is when fire takes place, control and management center, ground is disposed the airline extinguishment plan and is sent air tanker to implement airline extinguishment, the pilot formulates effective flight plan according to mapping out the plan and flies to draw water to the available waters of appointment, after finishing and draw water, aircraft flies to the scene of fire, determine the aircraft position by sensor on the machine or communication system, wind, the condition of a fire, the pilot determines fire type, according to corresponding performance prompting, implement the sprinkling of extinguishing material with reference to the suggestion control aircraft of fire extinguishing decision information.In fire extinguishing task implementation, flight safety is monitored the security that the enhancing task is carried out.
The present invention has following advantage:
A) in fire extinguishing procedure, carry out air-ground dialogue in real time, the pilot can know the variation of the condition of a fire, the variation of strategic plan.And the mechanism change of flight plan rapidly of providing convenience.
B), can improve the security of flight by the state of surveillance aircraft on vertical section.
C) by keeping the historical data of flight plan, can in repeatedly coming and going draw water operation and sprinkling extinguishing material operation process, alleviate driver's burden effectively, raise the efficiency.
D) by setting up the water source distributed data base, and provide nearest water source selective, convenient the best flight plan that draws water of formulating is saved valuable attack time and fire extinguishing cost.
E) by machine upper sensor or data chain, and correlation experience and performance calculating, assisting in flying person carries out the accurate sprinkling of extinguishing material with suitable height, speed, and extinguishing material is utilized effectively.
In a word, use this patent can improve the efficient of airline extinguishment significantly, improve the security that fire extinguishing is flown.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 implements the schematic diagram of airline extinguishment for aircraft.
Fig. 2 is the demonstration of the auxiliary fire extinguishing information on the horizontal profile of scene of fire.
Fig. 3 is for selecting the man-machine interface page of fire type.
Fig. 4 is the man-machine interface page of auxiliary extinguishing property suggestion.
Fig. 5 is near the monitoring flight plan on the vertical section and the page of the flight safety fire.
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of airline extinguishment servicing unit.
Fig. 7 is the functional block diagram of airline extinguishment servicing unit.
The specific embodiment
How further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-Fig. 7 realizes.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 has illustrated a kind of method of having equipped the air tanker 101 enforcement airline extinguishments of apparatus of the present invention.When fire 102 took place, control and management center, ground 103 was formulated fire extinguishing and is mapped out the plan, and sent air tanker 101 to implement airline extinguishment then, and when sending, mapping out the plan also can send air tanker 101 to by data chain 104a.Air tanker 101 is formulated the concrete flight plan 105a that comprises the process that draws water in the way according to mapping out the plan of control and management center, ground 103 before taking off, the pilot flies to the water source 106 according to flight plan 105a guiding air tanker 101 and draws water then, finishing the aircraft that loads water in the back that draws water and flying to implement airline extinguishments to fire 102.Aircraft is from aerial spraying extinguishing material 107, and extinguishing material 107 directly stamps out a fire 102, perhaps forms the burning things which may cause a fire disaster isolation strip, and tie surface personnel put out a fire.
The pilot can select to utilize airport, guidance station, the course line that is stored in the navigational route database when formulating concrete flight plan 105a, also can be self-defining longitude and latitude way point, special anchor point.The present invention also provides near the available water source 106 the fire 102 selective, and the pilot selects suitable water source according to specific circumstances, thereby makes apart from the shortest fire extinguishing flight plan 105a that draws water in the way that comprises.
In the way of fire 102 of flying to, display system provides the demonstration of flight plan 105a, and the demonstration of air tanker 101 current locations is provided, and the reference of flight guiding is provided for the pilot.The present invention can provide the speed suggestion of the fastest arrival of aircraft scene of fire according to aeroplane performance.
Implement in the process of fire extinguishing among Fig. 1, air tanker 101 constantly communicates by data chain 104b and control and management center, ground 103, transmits the on-the-spot condition of a fire and gives control and management center, ground 103, and receive new mapping out the plan.
Repeatedly coming and going in the process that draws water, can store the path 105b of self-defined flight plan, repeatedly directly call in the two-way process and carry out.For the driver reduces the heavy burdens.
Near the auxiliary fire extinguishing information schematic diagram that Fig. 2 has shown when having illustrated arriving fire 201.Sensing system on the air tanker 202 detects position, shape and the scope of fire, and the present invention is the rate of propagation of fire detecting in advance.
Navigation sensor is determined the position of air tanker 202, and highly, navigation information such as speed, other sensor can detect wind speed, direction.
The pilot can make according to these auxiliary information and implement the fire tactics flight plan 203 that extinguishing material sprays, if the scope of fire 201 is smaller, can directly stamp out a fire 201, if fire 201 scopes are bigger, the tactical flying plan of then making can form the isolation strip on the ground, stops the diffusion of fire 201.
The present invention according to the speed of aircraft, highly, the extinguishing material weight of loading, throw in the speed of flow, wind and extinguishing material that direction prediction goes out to spray land zone 204.
The present invention estimates the zone of landing of when leaping fire 201 extinguishing material according to supplementary, if prediction is landed the zone and is departed from predetermined zone, then provide side-play amount 205 promptings, the invention provides directly fire tactics flight plan 203 is carried out the mode that parallel offset is provided with, the pilot can generate the fire tactics flight plan 206 of skew easily according to side-play amount 205 promptings modification on the basis of original fire tactics flight plan 203.Thereby guarantee the accurate input of extinguishing material in the horizontal.
The present invention calculates best input extinguishing material constantly, and provides an input prompting, and the pilot confirms to topple over extinguishing material according to throwing in to point out, thereby exactly extinguishing material is sprayed to predetermined zone.In another kind was implemented, the pilot was according to fire tactics flight plan 203 and land zone 204 and determine that the moment of suitable input extinguishing material is sprayed to predetermined zone with extinguishing material.
The man-machine interface that Fig. 3 provides the pilot to select fire type is divided into the ground fire with fire according to self character, and the top fire spreads fire, vexed combustion fire, torch fire, flaring fire, spot fire, whirlwind fire.The pilot selects fire type according to observation or other external strength communication.
Fig. 4 has provided the man-machine interface of extinguishing property suggestion, and the present invention can calculate suitable flying height, speed, input flow for pilot's reference according to the fire type of selecting.Suggestion and the demonstration of release time are provided simultaneously, and the demonstration of residue extinguishing material is provided.The pilot with reference to aircraft flight vertical section control aircraft along the fire extinguishing route planning at appropriate heights, the flow of speed and extinguishing material sprays, form buffer zone or directly put out fire.
Parameter among Fig. 4 can be that the present invention optimizes calculating, also can manually import by the pilot, and they will be distinguished with different colors.
Provided in the fire extinguishing implementation process display format among Fig. 5 to monitoring and the alarm of air tanker 202.Display system demonstrates current landform 501 along fire tactics flight plan 205 paths according to topographic database, the present invention can calculate a fire extinguishing flight safety envelope 503, and will show along the vertical section 504 and the fire extinguishing flight safety envelope 503 of fire tactics flight plan 205, a kind of typical display mode as shown in Figure 5.When the height along the vertical section 504 of fire tactics flight plan 205 that predicts aircraft is lower than fire extinguishing flight safety envelope 503, aircraft will send alarm, warning information 505 may be displayed on the display system, also can offer the pilot with the form of alarm sound.The pilot revises fire tactics flight plan 505 according to alarm, thereby ensures flight safety.
When calculating fire extinguishing flight safety envelope 503, need landform 501, fire 502 situations, the vegetation of consideration, current meteorological condition, and the performance characteristics of aircraft itself along fire tactics flight plan 205.
Figure 6 shows that a kind of device of auxiliary aviation fire extinguishing, comprising:
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor 601 can be surveyed the zone and the grade of burning things which may cause a fire disaster in certain distance.Can be infrared sensor, also can be the sensor of imageing sensor or other form.
Man-machine interface 608 provides the pilot to formulate flight plan, determines the interface of the condition of a fire and various task operatings.A kind of typical man-machine interface is the form that multi-functional control shows.Also can the be coupled storage extinguishing material device of aircraft of man-machine interface 608 is controlled the switch of storage extinguishing material device and the flow in the launch process.
Comprehensive task handles 609, carries out described various calculating and processing.
Fig. 7 is a kind of typical functions module map of described auxiliary aviation extinguishing device.Fire source probing 701 is handled burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor 601 information, determines the shape and the scope of fire, concentration etc., and the result that will handle gives the demonstration processing Unit 710.Numerical map 702 extracts terrain data and handles from database 607, and gives demonstration with the result and handle 710.The input that 703 navigation informations that provide according to navigation sensor 602 and man-machine interface 709 are provided in navigation the provides Management Calculation of navigating provides suitable navigation information.Atmosphere height 704 calculates the height of aircraft according to atmospheric information.Data chain 705 is handled 103 data that transmit from control and management center, ground.Interface is handled 706 and is handled the crosslinked various information of other avionic device from the aircraft, comprises input and output.What foregoing extinguishing material was finished in extinguishing property prediction/suggestion 707 lands the calculating of performance suggestion among zone 204 calculating and Fig. 4, and calculates decision-making assistant information.Flight plan 708 is finished the foundation of foregoing fire tactics flight plan 205 and is revised and handle.Fire extinguishing pilot and interactive information of the present invention are handled in man-machine interface 709.Display system 710 is carried out synthesis display with the result of fire source probing 701, numerical map 702, navigation calculating 703, radar altitude 704, data chain 705, interface processing 706, extinguishing property prediction/suggestion 707, flight plan 708, man-machine interface 709 and is handled, various information are had clearly present to the pilot, assisting in flying person makes a strategic decision.
Claims (9)
1. airline extinguishment servicing unit, this device is general airborne avionics, comprising: navigation and burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor, Database Systems, voice communication system, data chain, man-machine interface, display system, data-interface system and comprehensive task treatment system, it is characterized in that: described navigation and burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor, Database Systems, voice communication system, the data chain, man-machine interface, display system, the data-interface system all links to each other with the comprehensive task treatment system, wherein
Navigation sensor is used for calculating the necessary navigation information of aircraft flight;
The burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor is detection of fires zone and grade in certain distance;
Information such as Database Systems storage airport, way point, instrument flight procedure, available water source;
Voice communication system provides speech communication between pilot and ground control centre, ground fire-putting-out strength, other air attack strength;
The data chain, various data messages such as the transmission condition of a fire, fire extinguishing flight plan and meteorological condition;
Man-machine interface provides the pilot to formulate and revises flight plan and the interface of importing the information that transmits from the speech communication system;
Display system provides flight plan information, navigation information, and condition of a fire situation information is sprayed the demonstration of advising;
Data interface unit provides the interface that other avionics system communicates on this device and the aircraft;
The comprehensive task treatment system is carried out described various calculating and information processing.
2. a kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described burning things which may cause a fire disaster sensor is the sensor of infrared sensor or imageing sensor or other form.
3. a kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described navigation sensor is the built-in GPS receiver of airline extinguishment servicing unit, or existing inertial navigation system, radionavigation sensor on the aircraft.
4. a kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described display system is the EFIS on multi-functional control display or the aircraft.
5. a kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described data interface unit is ARINC429, CAN bus or MIL-STD-1553B bus form.
6. a kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that described Database Systems comprise standard database and self-defining database.
7. a kind of airline extinguishment servicing unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, can the be coupled storage extinguishing material device of aircraft of man-machine interface is controlled the switch of storage extinguishing material device and the flow in the launch process.
8. the method for an airline extinguishment comprises the steps:
1) pilot is according to the requirement of sending at control and management center, ground, utilizes data such as airport in the navigational route database, guidance station, way point, water source to formulate the flight of scene of fire and the plan of drawing water of flying to;
2) after flight plan activates, display system shows flight plan information and navigation information, and the prestissimo suggestion is provided, and pilot's vector aircraft arrives the scene of fire rapidly;
3) behind the arrival scene of fire, utilize sensor to survey burning things which may cause a fire disaster and accurately definite fire location of navigation sensor and scope, show supplementary and send to other control force to the pilot, the pilot formulates fire extinguishing route planning and the route planning that withdraws from the scene of fire according to supplementary or by receiving mapping out the plan of control and management center, ground;
4) according to current air speed, highly, information prediction extinguishing material such as wind land the zone, and provide the aid decision advisory information according to the estimation range of landing of conflagration area and extinguishing material;
5) according to the landform of aircraft current location calculating front region,, calculate the flight envelope of a safety, the demonstration of vertical section is provided in conjunction with the type of fire;
6) pilot is with reference to decision recommendation information, the control aircraft along the fire extinguishing route planning at appropriate heights, speed, be in due course and spray with suitable flow, form buffer zone or directly put out fire.
9. a kind of airline extinguishment method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, repeatedly coming and going in the process that draws water, stores the path and the way point of self-defined flight plan, repeatedly directly calls in the two-way process and carries out.
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| CN103253373A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-21 | 吴泽邦 | Multifunctional unmanned machine platform capable of feeding water continuously for in-air fire-fighting rescue and rescue method thereof |
| CN103310578A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-18 | 东北林业大学 | Forest aviatic firefighting water fire extinguishing system and method |
| CN104808620A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | GJB289A serial bus-based distributed aircraft management system architecture |
| CN104127971B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2015-10-21 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of helicopter of transmission line forest fire of putting out a fire to save life and property carries high-pressure water-saving extinguishing water cannon |
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| CN103253373A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-21 | 吴泽邦 | Multifunctional unmanned machine platform capable of feeding water continuously for in-air fire-fighting rescue and rescue method thereof |
| CN103310578A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-18 | 东北林业大学 | Forest aviatic firefighting water fire extinguishing system and method |
| CN103310578B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-07-08 | 东北林业大学 | Forest aviatic firefighting water fire extinguishing system and method |
| CN104127971B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2015-10-21 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of helicopter of transmission line forest fire of putting out a fire to save life and property carries high-pressure water-saving extinguishing water cannon |
| CN104808620A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | GJB289A serial bus-based distributed aircraft management system architecture |
| CN105527382B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-03-02 | 杭州潮流玩具有限公司 | A kind of fly able air detection equipment and use its mobile terminal |
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