CN111401715A - Aviation accurate fire extinguishing assessment method and assessment system thereof - Google Patents

Aviation accurate fire extinguishing assessment method and assessment system thereof Download PDF

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CN111401715A
CN111401715A CN202010160985.XA CN202010160985A CN111401715A CN 111401715 A CN111401715 A CN 111401715A CN 202010160985 A CN202010160985 A CN 202010160985A CN 111401715 A CN111401715 A CN 111401715A
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周特军
吴传平
刘毓
潘碧宸
陈宝辉
周天念
孙易成
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Center of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种航空精准灭火评估方法及其评估系统，包括获取航空灭火装置的内部参数以及火场的外部参数；综合所述内部参数和所述外部参数计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量；根据火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量评估灭火效果；根据灭火效果调整所述内部参数直至灭火效果最大化。本发明通过建立水剂下落的受力分析模型，计算灭火水剂下落到地面的时间，进一步获得灭火水剂在水平方向的位移；结合灭火水剂与高温空气的相互作用，计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发量；根据山火类型、植被密度、灭火剂浓度等参数，计算航空灭火水剂到达火场的遮蔽量从而计算灭火水剂下落到火场的面积及单位面积剂量，提高输电线路山火灭火准确率与效果。

Figure 202010160985

The invention discloses an aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method and an evaluation system, including acquiring internal parameters of an aviation fire-extinguishing device and external parameters of a fire field; calculating the landing of a fire extinguishing agent in a unit area of a fire field by synthesizing the internal parameters and the external parameters Dose; evaluate the fire-extinguishing effect according to the landing dose of the fire-extinguishing water agent per unit area of the fire field; adjust the internal parameters according to the fire-extinguishing effect until the fire-extinguishing effect is maximized. The invention calculates the time for the fire extinguishing agent to fall to the ground by establishing a force analysis model of the falling of the water agent, and further obtains the displacement of the fire extinguishing agent in the horizontal direction; Evaporation during the falling process; according to the type of wildfire, vegetation density, fire extinguishing agent concentration and other parameters, calculate the shielding amount of the aviation fire extinguishing agent to the fire field to calculate the area of the fire extinguishing agent falling to the fire scene and the dose per unit area, improve the transmission line mountain Fire extinguishing accuracy and effectiveness.

Figure 202010160985

Description

一种航空精准灭火评估方法及其评估系统A kind of aviation accurate fire extinguishing evaluation method and its evaluation system

技术领域technical field

本发明属于输电线路山火防治技术领域，具体涉及一种航空精准灭火评估方法及其评估系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission line mountain fire prevention and control, and in particular relates to an aviation accurate fire extinguishing evaluation method and an evaluation system.

背景技术Background technique

近年来，受持续干旱天气以及输电线路附近居民生产生活的影响，输电线路走廊内山火事故频发，严重威胁了电网的安全稳定运行。采用直升机灭火可以不受地面道路堵塞等外部条件限制，能快速到达火场进行灭火。但是输电线路山火现场环境复杂，航空灭火的灭火水剂依靠飞行员的经验，但是现场风速、火场烟羽流速度以及火场温度等因素对灭火水剂的精准度存在较大的影响，低精准度灭火浪费了大量的灭火水剂。同时，输电线路山火现场温度高，灭火水剂在下落过程中蒸发量达到60％-80％，因此开展输电线路山火航空灭火评估，必须要考虑灭火水剂的蒸发量。另外，现场植被茂密，当灭火水剂喷洒至顶部可燃物时，可能导致灭火水剂无法达到地表可燃物，灭火水剂到达火场后的流动特性、植被密度等因素也是影响输电线路山火灭火效果的关键因素。因此，在大多数情况下，飞行员的灭火经验与灭火现场差异很大，从而为了达到灭火的目的而不得不加大灭火流量，导致灭火流量特别大，造成大量的灭火水剂浪费，这对于载重空间珍贵的航空灭火而言，是大量人力、物力资源的浪费。另外，航空灭火装置的灭火效果需要随着火场状态进行调整，需要有指导依据。因此，急需一种航空精准灭火计算方法。In recent years, affected by the continuous dry weather and the production and life of residents near the transmission line, wildfire accidents occur frequently in the transmission line corridor, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The use of helicopters for fire fighting can be free from external conditions such as road blockages on the ground, and can quickly reach the fire scene for fire fighting. However, the environment of the mountain fire on the transmission line is complex, and the fire extinguishing agent for aviation fire extinguishing depends on the experience of the pilot. However, factors such as on-site wind speed, fire plume speed, and fire temperature have a greater impact on the accuracy of the fire extinguishing agent, and the accuracy is low. Fire extinguishing wastes a lot of fire extinguishing agent. At the same time, the temperature of the transmission line mountain fire site is high, and the evaporation of the fire extinguishing water agent during the falling process reaches 60%-80%. Therefore, in the aviation fire extinguishing evaluation of the transmission line mountain fire, the evaporation of the fire extinguishing water agent must be considered. In addition, the vegetation on the site is dense. When the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to the top combustibles, it may cause the fire extinguishing agent to fail to reach the surface combustibles. Factors such as the flow characteristics and vegetation density of the fire extinguishing agent after reaching the fire site also affect the fire extinguishing effect of the transmission line. key factor. Therefore, in most cases, the pilot's fire-fighting experience is very different from the fire-fighting scene, so in order to achieve the purpose of fire-fighting, the fire-fighting flow has to be increased, resulting in a particularly large fire-fighting flow, resulting in a large amount of fire-fighting agent waste, which is very important for the load. For aviation fire extinguishing where space is precious, it is a waste of a lot of human and material resources. In addition, the fire extinguishing effect of the aviation fire extinguishing device needs to be adjusted according to the state of the fire field, and there is a need for guidance. Therefore, an aviation accurate fire extinguishing calculation method is urgently needed.

现阶段没有航空灭火指导方法。At this stage, there is no aviation fire-fighting guidance method.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明目的在提供一种航空精准灭火评估方法及其评估系统，以解决现有技术中存在的技术缺陷。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aviation accurate fire extinguishing evaluation method and an evaluation system thereof, so as to solve the technical defects existing in the prior art.

为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种航空精准灭火评估方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides an aviation precision fire-extinguishing evaluation method, comprising the following steps:

获取航空灭火装置的内部参数以及火场的外部参数；Obtain the internal parameters of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the external parameters of the fire field;

综合所述内部参数和所述外部参数计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量；Combining the internal parameters and the external parameters to calculate the landing dose of the fire extinguishing agent per unit area of the fire site;

根据火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量评估灭火效果；The fire-extinguishing effect is evaluated according to the landing dose of the fire-extinguishing water agent per unit area of the fire site;

优选地，所述内部参数包括灭火水剂的射出速度、灭火水剂的流量、灭火水剂的配比、航空灭火装置的飞行速度以及航空灭火装置的喷嘴数量，外部参数包括火场风速、火场风向、火场温度以及植被类型。Preferably, the internal parameters include the injection speed of the fire extinguishing agent, the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent, the proportion of the fire extinguishing agent, the flight speed of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the number of nozzles of the aviation fire extinguishing device, and the external parameters include the fire field wind speed and fire field wind direction. , fire temperature and vegetation type.

优选地，综合所述内部参数和所述外部参数计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量包括以下步骤：Preferably, synthesizing the internal parameters and the external parameters to calculate the floor dose of the fire extinguishing water agent per unit area of the fire field includes the following steps:

根据灭火水剂的射出速度以及火场风速计算出灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度；Calculate the speed and acceleration of the fire extinguishing agent at different heights and at different times according to the injection speed of the fire extinguishing agent and the wind speed of the fire field;

根据航空灭火装置所处的环境温度、灭火水剂接触面积、灭火水剂的分散状态以及灭火水剂的蒸发潜热，计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量；根据灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度计算灭火水剂在下落过程中未落入山火区域的漂移总量；根据火场植被类型、灭火水剂的流量以及蒸发总量计算得到灭火水剂的被遮蔽量；According to the ambient temperature of the aviation fire extinguishing device, the contact area of the extinguishing agent, the dispersion state of the extinguishing agent, and the latent heat of evaporation of the extinguishing agent, the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent during the falling process is calculated; , the speed and acceleration at different times to calculate the total drift of the fire extinguishing agent that did not fall into the mountain fire area during the falling process; according to the type of vegetation on the fire site, the flow rate of the extinguishing agent and the total evaporation amount, the shielded amount of the extinguishing agent was calculated;

根据灭火水剂的流量、灭火水剂的蒸发总量、灭火水剂的漂移总量以及灭火水剂的被遮蔽量计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量。According to the flow rate of the extinguishing agent, the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent, the total drift of the extinguishing agent, and the shielded amount of the extinguishing agent, the floor dose of the extinguishing agent per unit area of the fire field is calculated.

优选地，灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度的计算方法为：Preferably, the calculation methods of the speed and acceleration of the fire extinguishing agent at different heights and at different times are:

将灭火水剂的射出速度分解为水平速度vx0和垂直速度vy0；火场风速分解为水平风速vw1和垂直羽流速度vw2；Decompose the ejection speed of the fire extinguishing agent into horizontal speed v x0 and vertical speed v y0 ; decompose the fire field wind speed into horizontal wind speed v w1 and vertical plume speed v w2 ;

将灭火水剂分为两层，分别为投影锥角层和投影矩形层，其中，投影锥角层水平风速作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度为：The fire extinguishing agent is divided into two layers, namely the projected cone angle layer and the projected rectangular layer. The acceleration and velocity of the horizontal wind speed of the projected cone angle layer acting on the fire extinguishing agent are:

Figure BDA0002405772680000021
Figure BDA0002405772680000021

vx1＝vx0-∫αx1dtv x1 = v x0 -∫α x1 dt

式中，L1为锥角层底部圆面的半径，v1x为灭火水剂水平速度，ρa为空气密度，ρj为灭火水剂的密度；In the formula, L 1 is the radius of the circular surface at the bottom of the cone angle layer, v 1x is the horizontal velocity of the fire extinguishing agent, ρ a is the air density, and ρ j is the density of the fire extinguishing agent;

投影矩形层水平风速作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and speed of the horizontal wind speed of the projected rectangular layer acting on the fire extinguishing agent are:

Figure BDA0002405772680000022
Figure BDA0002405772680000022

vx2＝vx1-∫αx2dtv x2 = v x1 -∫α x2 dt

式中，L2为投影矩形层底部正方形的边长；In the formula, L 2 is the side length of the bottom square of the projected rectangular layer;

投影锥角层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected cone angle layer are:

其中投影锥角层垂直方向风阻力为：The vertical direction wind resistance of the projected cone angle layer is:

Figure BDA0002405772680000023
Figure BDA0002405772680000023

式中，H为投影锥角层的垂直高度，v1y为灭火水剂垂直速度，g为重力加速度，Cd为空气阻力系数，其中，空气阻力系数Cd与流体的雷诺数有关：where H is the vertical height of the projected cone angle layer, v 1y is the vertical velocity of the fire extinguishing agent, g is the acceleration of gravity, and C d is the air resistance coefficient, where the air resistance coefficient C d is related to the Reynolds number of the fluid:

Figure BDA0002405772680000031
Figure BDA0002405772680000031

Figure BDA0002405772680000032
Figure BDA0002405772680000032

l为与物体横截面积相联系的特征长度，ρ为流体密度，η为流体的黏度，则：l is the characteristic length related to the cross-sectional area of the object, ρ is the density of the fluid, η is the viscosity of the fluid, then:

Figure BDA0002405772680000033
Figure BDA0002405772680000033

从而计算得到投影锥角层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度；Thus, the vertical direction wind resistance of the projected cone angle layer and the acceleration and speed of gravity acting on the water body are calculated;

投影矩形层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected rectangular layer are:

其中投影矩形层垂直方向风阻力为：The vertical direction wind resistance of the projected rectangular layer is:

Figure BDA0002405772680000034
Figure BDA0002405772680000034

则：but:

Figure BDA0002405772680000035
Figure BDA0002405772680000035

从而计算得到投影矩形层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度。Thus, the acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected rectangular layer are calculated.

优选地，灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量依据蒸发模型进行计算，所述蒸发模型为：Preferably, the total evaporation of the fire extinguishing water agent during the falling process is calculated according to an evaporation model, and the evaporation model is:

在灭火水剂水体高度以下，即0＜x＜H，Y2＜y＜L：Below the height of the fire extinguishing agent water body, that is, 0<x<H, Y 2 <y<L:

Figure BDA0002405772680000036
Figure BDA0002405772680000036

在灭火水剂水体中，即0＜x＜H，Y1＜y＜Y2：In the water body of fire extinguishing agent, that is, 0<x<H, Y 1 <y<Y 2 :

Figure BDA0002405772680000037
Figure BDA0002405772680000037

在灭火水剂水体高度以上，即0＜x＜H，0＜y＜Y1：Above the height of the fire extinguishing agent water body, that is, 0<x<H, 0<y<Y 1 :

Figure BDA0002405772680000038
Figure BDA0002405772680000038

式中，Y1＝Vd·t，Y2＝Ld+Vd·t，其中，t为时间，Vd为灭火水剂生命周期，T为火场温度，γ为灭火水剂的导温系数，γ＝λ/Cρ，λ为灭火水剂的导热系数，C为灭火水剂的比热容。In the formula, Y 1 =V d ·t, Y 2 =L d +V d ·t, where t is the time, V d is the life cycle of the fire extinguishing agent, T is the temperature of the fire field, and γ is the temperature conduction of the fire extinguishing agent Coefficient, γ=λ/Cρ, λ is the thermal conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent, C is the specific heat capacity of the fire extinguishing agent.

优选地，根据火场植被类型、灭火水剂的流量以及蒸发总量计算得到灭火水剂的被遮蔽量包括以下步骤：Preferably, calculating the shaded amount of the fire-extinguishing water agent according to the type of vegetation on the fire site, the flow rate of the fire-extinguishing water agent and the total amount of evaporation includes the following steps:

获取植被类型，包括植被类型对应的遮蔽系数以及植被空间密度；Obtain vegetation types, including the shade coefficients corresponding to the vegetation types and the spatial density of vegetation;

根据遮蔽系数、植被空间密度、蒸发总量以及灭火水剂的配比计算被遮蔽量：Calculate the shaded amount according to the shading coefficient, the spatial density of vegetation, the total amount of evaporation and the proportion of fire extinguishing agent:

Figure BDA0002405772680000041
Figure BDA0002405772680000041

式中，β为遮蔽系数，Q0为灭火水剂的流量，p为灭火水剂的配比，Qvap为蒸发总量，pve为植被空间密度。In the formula, β is the shading coefficient, Q 0 is the flow rate of fire extinguishing water, p is the proportion of fire extinguishing water, Q vap is the total evaporation, and p ve is the spatial density of vegetation.

优选地，灭火水剂的落地剂量计算前还需要确定灭火水剂水平位移，灭火水剂水平位移的计算方式为：Preferably, the horizontal displacement of the fire-extinguishing liquid needs to be determined before the ground dose of the fire-extinguishing liquid is calculated, and the calculation method of the horizontal displacement of the fire-extinguishing liquid is:

视整个区域为水带的长度D和圆形区域的直径2b组成的长方形区域；Consider the entire area as a rectangular area composed of the length D of the water belt and the diameter 2b of the circular area;

水带长度D是整个投水过程中航空灭火装置直线行驶距离Da与开始和结束投水瞬间的水体在直升机航向上的扩散半径b之和，即：The length of the water belt D is the sum of the straight-line travel distance D a of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the diffusion radius b of the water body on the helicopter heading at the moment of the start and end of the water drop during the entire water drop process, namely:

D＝Da+2bD=D a +2b

其中航空灭火装置投水过程直线行驶距离Da为：Among them, the straight-line driving distance D a of the aviation fire extinguishing device during the watering process is:

Da＝[V0+Ucos(ε-ΔK)]T0 D a =[V 0 +Ucos(ε-ΔK)]T 0

式中，V0为航空灭火装置的飞行速度，U为风速大小，ε为风向，ΔK为航向修正值，T0为灭火直升机投水所用时间，其中，T0＝M*/nπd2u0，n为喷口的个数。In the formula, V 0 is the flight speed of the aviation fire extinguishing device, U is the wind speed, ε is the wind direction, ΔK is the heading correction value, and T 0 is the time it takes for the fire-fighting helicopter to drop water, where T 0 =M * /nπd 2 u 0 , n is the number of nozzles.

优选地，灭火水剂的落地剂量为：Preferably, the floor dosage of the fire extinguishing water agent is:

Figure BDA0002405772680000042
Figure BDA0002405772680000042

式中，M*为投水量，S为投水面积，其中，

Figure BDA0002405772680000043
Figure BDA0002405772680000044
In the formula, M * is the water input amount, S is the water input area, among which,
Figure BDA0002405772680000043
Figure BDA0002405772680000044

优选地，所述雷诺数Re＞30。Preferably, the Reynolds number Re>30.

依托于上述方法，本发明还公开了一种航空精准灭火评估系统，包括处理器、存储器以及储存与所述存储器上的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任一所述的方法。Relying on the above method, the present invention also discloses an aviation precision fire extinguishing evaluation system, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory, and the processor implements any of the above when executing the computer program. Methods.

本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明考虑了航空灭火装置飞行速度与灭火水剂受现场环境风和火场烟羽流作用下的加速度矢量和，准确计算灭火水剂的水平位移；计算了在不同的火场温度下灭火水剂的接触面积和蒸发量，从而准确获得输电线路山火单位面积的灭火水剂剂量，为航空直升机灭火提供评估依据。The invention takes into account the flight speed of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the acceleration vector sum of the fire extinguishing agent under the action of the on-site ambient wind and the smoke plume of the fire field, so as to accurately calculate the horizontal displacement of the fire extinguishing agent; Contact area and evaporation, so as to accurately obtain the fire extinguishing agent dosage per unit area of the transmission line mountain fire, and provide an evaluation basis for aviation helicopter fire extinguishing.

下面将参照附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

附图说明Description of drawings

构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:

图1为本发明优选实施例提供的航空灭火装置灭火示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the aviation fire extinguishing device fire extinguishing provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明优选实施例提供的灭火水剂下落过程中位置标度示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the position scale during the falling process of the fire extinguishing water provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明优选实施例提供的一种航空精准灭火方法及其灭火系统。FIG. 3 is an aviation precise fire extinguishing method and a fire extinguishing system thereof provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

本发明首先提供了一种航空精准灭火评估方法，参见图3，包括以下步骤：The present invention first provides an aviation precision fire-extinguishing evaluation method, see FIG. 3 , including the following steps:

S1：获取航空灭火装置的内部参数以及火场的外部参数。S1: Obtain the internal parameters of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the external parameters of the fire field.

内部参数包括灭火水剂的射出速度、灭火水剂的流量、灭火水剂的配比、航空灭火装置的飞行速度以及航空灭火装置的喷嘴数量，外部参数包括火场风速、火场风向、火场温度以及植被类型。The internal parameters include the injection speed of the fire extinguishing agent, the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent, the proportion of the fire extinguishing agent, the flight speed of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the number of nozzles of the aviation fire extinguishing device. The external parameters include the fire field wind speed, fire field wind direction, fire field temperature and vegetation type.

参见图1，本实施例假设灭火水剂从出水口以一定初速度均匀的喷出。当雷诺数Re＞3时射流为紊动射流，雷诺数的取值范围为0＜Re＜105。因此，本实施例中将雷诺数Re设置为大于30。灭火水剂的射出速度可以分解为水平速度vx0和垂直速度vy0；火场风速可以分解为水平风速vw1和垂直羽流速度vw2；火场温度可以通过测量航空灭火装置高度处的环境温度，再通过修正计算来获取。获得的火场温度包括火场各高度处的火场温度。此外，航空灭火装置的飞行俯仰角度也可以直接从航空灭火装置中或者与其通信的远端系统中获取。Referring to FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, it is assumed that the fire extinguishing agent is uniformly ejected from the water outlet at a certain initial velocity. When the Reynolds number Re>3, the jet is a turbulent jet, and the value range of the Reynolds number is 0<Re<10 5 . Therefore, the Reynolds number Re is set to be greater than 30 in this embodiment. The injection speed of the fire extinguishing agent can be decomposed into the horizontal velocity v x0 and the vertical velocity v y0 ; the fire wind speed can be decomposed into the horizontal wind velocity v w1 and the vertical plume velocity v w2 ; the fire temperature can be measured by measuring the ambient temperature at the height of the aviation fire extinguishing device, Obtained by correction calculation. The obtained fire temperature includes the fire temperature at each height of the fire. In addition, the flight pitch angle of the aviation fire extinguishing device can also be obtained directly from the aviation fire extinguishing device or a remote system that communicates with it.

S2：综合内部参数和外部参数计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量。S2: Calculate the landing dose of the fire extinguishing agent per unit area of the fire field by integrating the internal parameters and external parameters.

灭火水剂的落地剂量是评估灭火效果的关键因素，因此需要计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量。其步骤包括：The landing dose of fire extinguishing water is a key factor in evaluating the fire extinguishing effect, so it is necessary to calculate the landing dose of fire extinguishing water per unit area of the fire site. Its steps include:

S21：根据灭火水剂的射出速度以及火场风速计算出灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度。S21: Calculate the speed and acceleration of the fire extinguishing agent at different heights and at different times according to the injection speed of the fire extinguishing agent and the wind speed of the fire field.

本步骤根据现场环境风速计算灭火水剂的受力，获得水体在不同高度处、不同时间点水平和垂直方向的加速度和速度。In this step, the force of the fire extinguishing agent is calculated according to the wind speed of the on-site environment, and the acceleration and velocity of the water body in the horizontal and vertical directions at different heights and different time points are obtained.

将灭火水剂分为两层，分别为投影锥角层和投影矩形层，其中，投影锥角层水平风速作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度为：The fire extinguishing agent is divided into two layers, namely the projected cone angle layer and the projected rectangular layer. The acceleration and velocity of the horizontal wind speed of the projected cone angle layer acting on the fire extinguishing agent are:

Figure BDA0002405772680000051
Figure BDA0002405772680000051

vx1＝vx0-∫αx1dtv x1 = v x0 -∫α x1 dt

式中，C为空气阻力系数，取值为0.5-1.0，L1为锥角层底部圆面的半径，vx1为灭火水剂在投影锥角层的末端水平速度，ρa为空气密度，ρj为灭火水剂的密度；In the formula, C is the air resistance coefficient, which ranges from 0.5 to 1.0, L 1 is the radius of the circular surface at the bottom of the cone angle layer, v x1 is the horizontal velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected cone angle layer, ρ a is the air density, ρ j is the density of the fire extinguishing agent;

投影矩形层水平风速作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and speed of the horizontal wind speed of the projected rectangular layer acting on the fire extinguishing agent are:

Figure BDA0002405772680000061
Figure BDA0002405772680000061

vx2＝vx1-∫αx2dtv x2 = v x1 -∫α x2 dt

式中，L2为投影矩形层底部正方形的边长，vx2为灭火水剂在投影矩形层的末端水平速度；In the formula, L 2 is the side length of the square at the bottom of the projected rectangular layer, and v x2 is the horizontal velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected rectangular layer;

投影锥角层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected cone angle layer are:

其中投影锥角层垂直方向风阻力为：The vertical direction wind resistance of the projected cone angle layer is:

Figure BDA0002405772680000062
Figure BDA0002405772680000062

式中，H为投影锥角层的垂直高度，v1y为灭火水剂在投影矩形层末端的垂直速度，g为重力加速度，Cd为空气阻力系数，其中，空气阻力系数Cd与流体的雷诺数有关：In the formula, H is the vertical height of the projected cone angle layer, v 1y is the vertical velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected rectangular layer, g is the acceleration of gravity, and C d is the air resistance coefficient, where the air resistance coefficient C d is related to the fluid Reynolds number is related to:

Figure BDA0002405772680000063
Figure BDA0002405772680000063

Figure BDA0002405772680000064
Figure BDA0002405772680000064

l为与物体横截面积相联系的特征长度，ρ为流体密度，η为流体的黏度，则：l is the characteristic length related to the cross-sectional area of the object, ρ is the density of the fluid, η is the viscosity of the fluid, then:

Figure BDA0002405772680000065
Figure BDA0002405772680000065

从而计算得到投影锥角层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度；Thus, the vertical direction wind resistance of the projected cone angle layer and the acceleration and speed of gravity acting on the water body are calculated;

投影矩形层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected rectangular layer are:

其中投影矩形层垂直方向风阻力为：The vertical direction wind resistance of the projected rectangular layer is:

Figure BDA0002405772680000066
Figure BDA0002405772680000066

则：but:

Figure BDA0002405772680000067
Figure BDA0002405772680000067

从而计算得到投影矩形层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度，v2y为灭火水剂在投影矩形层末端的垂直速度。Thus, the vertical direction wind resistance of the projected rectangular layer and the acceleration and velocity of gravity acting on the fire extinguishing agent are calculated, and v 2y is the vertical velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected rectangle layer.

投影锥角层的自然风作用于投影锥角层的灭火水剂的加速度和速度就是灭火水剂自身的加速度和速度；同理，投影矩形层的自然风作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度就是投影矩形层的灭火水剂的加速度和速度。The acceleration and speed of the natural wind of the projected cone angle layer acting on the fire extinguishing water agent in the projected cone angle layer are the acceleration and speed of the fire extinguishing water agent itself; similarly, the acceleration and speed of the natural wind of the projected rectangular layer acting on the fire extinguishing water agent are Acceleration and velocity of the extinguishing liquid of the projected rectangular layer.

根据灭火水剂的加速度和速度可以计算灭火水剂的下落时间。The falling time of the extinguishing agent can be calculated according to the acceleration and velocity of the extinguishing agent.

在计算下落时间时，将覆盖面积简化为以中心落点为圆心，以中心落点距边界的平均距离为半径的圆形区域。When calculating the drop time, the coverage area is simplified as a circular area with the center drop point as the center and the average distance from the center drop point to the boundary as the radius.

S22：根据航空灭火装置所处的环境温度、灭火水剂接触面积、灭火水剂的分散状态以及灭火水剂的蒸发潜热，计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量；根据灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度计算灭火水剂在下落过程中未落入山火区域的漂移总量；根据火场植被类型、灭火水剂的流量以及蒸发总量计算得到灭火水剂的被遮蔽量。S22: According to the ambient temperature of the aviation fire extinguishing device, the contact area of the extinguishing agent, the dispersion state of the extinguishing agent, and the latent heat of evaporation of the extinguishing agent, calculate the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent during the falling process; The speed and acceleration of different heights and different times are used to calculate the total drift of the fire extinguishing agent that does not fall into the fire area during the falling process; according to the type of vegetation on the fire site, the flow rate of the extinguishing agent and the total evaporation, the shielded amount of the extinguishing agent is calculated. quantity.

灭火水剂的分散状态定义为投影锥角层的锥角θ；灭火水剂接触面积是灭火水剂在投影锥角层表面积

Figure BDA0002405772680000071
以及投影矩形层的表面积4L2H2，其中H1为投影锥角层圆锥高度，H2为投影矩形层长方体高度；灭火水剂的蒸发潜热是灭火水剂的固有属性，当灭火水剂的配方和比例确定时，蒸发潜热也是确定的，在添加之前即可采用普通的物理方法确定。The dispersion state of the fire extinguishing agent is defined as the cone angle θ of the projected cone angle layer; the contact area of the fire extinguishing agent is the surface area of the fire extinguishing agent in the projected cone angle layer.
Figure BDA0002405772680000071
And the surface area of the projected rectangular layer 4L 2 H 2 , where H 1 is the height of the projected cone angle layer, and H 2 is the height of the projected rectangular layer; When the formula and ratio are determined, the latent heat of evaporation is also determined, which can be determined by ordinary physical methods before adding.

S221：根据航空灭火装置所处的环境温度、灭火水剂接触面积、灭火水剂的分散状态以及灭火水剂的蒸发潜热，计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量。S221: According to the ambient temperature of the aviation fire extinguishing device, the contact area of the extinguishing agent, the dispersion state of the extinguishing agent, and the latent heat of evaporation of the extinguishing agent, calculate the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent during the falling process.

计算灭火水剂在下落过程中灭火水剂蒸发量的方式为：The method of calculating the evaporation of the extinguishing agent during the falling process is as follows:

根据火场在不同高度的温度分布Ty、灭火水剂接触面积、灭火水剂的分散状态以及灭火水剂的蒸发潜热，计算灭火水剂在不同高度处的蒸发量，采用积分法计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量Qvap。灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量依据蒸发模型进行计算。According to the temperature distribution Ty of the fire field at different heights, the contact area of the extinguishing agent, the dispersion state of the extinguishing agent, and the latent heat of evaporation of the extinguishing agent, the evaporation amount of the extinguishing agent at different heights is calculated, and the integral method is used to calculate the extinguishing agent. The total amount of evaporation Q vap during the fall. The total evaporation of the fire extinguishing agent in the falling process is calculated according to the evaporation model.

参见图2，假设水体在下落过程中分为2个阶段，第1个阶段为整体水柱阶段，第2个阶段为散射水体阶段，其中在第2个阶段的散射水体按照水滴直径大小分为10个等级。Referring to Figure 2, it is assumed that the water body is divided into two stages in the falling process, the first stage is the overall water column stage, and the second stage is the scattering water body stage, wherein the scattering water body in the second stage is divided into 10 according to the diameter of the water droplet. level.

那么蒸发模型为：Then the evaporation model is:

在灭火水剂高度以下，即0＜x＜H，Y2＜y＜L：Below the height of the fire extinguishing agent, that is, 0<x<H, Y 2 <y<L:

Figure BDA0002405772680000072
Figure BDA0002405772680000072

在灭火水剂中，即0＜x＜H，Y1＜y＜Y2：In the fire extinguishing agent, that is, 0<x<H, Y 1 <y<Y 2 :

Figure BDA0002405772680000073
Figure BDA0002405772680000073

在灭火水剂高度以上，即0＜x＜H，0＜y＜Y1：Above the height of the fire extinguishing agent, that is, 0<x<H, 0<y<Y 1 :

Figure BDA0002405772680000074
Figure BDA0002405772680000074

式中，Y1＝Vd·t，Y2＝Ld+Vd·t，其中，t为时间，Vd为灭火水剂生命周期，T为火场温度，γ为灭火水剂的导温系数，γ＝λ/Cρ，λ为灭火水剂的导热系数，C为灭火水剂的比热容。In the formula, Y 1 =V d ·t, Y 2 =L d +V d ·t, where t is the time, V d is the life cycle of the fire extinguishing agent, T is the temperature of the fire field, and γ is the temperature conduction of the fire extinguishing agent Coefficient, γ=λ/Cρ, λ is the thermal conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent, C is the specific heat capacity of the fire extinguishing agent.

本发明认为只有在水体的表面才会有蒸发，因此，蒸发面为整体水柱阶段的锥形面和散射水体阶段的三个矩形面。The present invention considers that evaporation occurs only on the surface of the water body, so the evaporation surfaces are the conical surface in the overall water column stage and the three rectangular surfaces in the scattering water body stage.

边界条件：Boundary conditions:

在水柱阶段：During the water column phase:

Figure BDA0002405772680000081
Figure BDA0002405772680000081

Figure BDA0002405772680000082
Figure BDA0002405772680000082

Qj为灭火水剂的蒸发吸热(J/kg)，Wj为灭火水剂的蒸发速率。Vd为灭火水剂的下落速度。Q j is the evaporation endotherm (J/kg) of the fire extinguishing agent, and W j is the evaporation rate of the fire extinguishing agent. V d is the falling speed of the fire extinguishing agent.

S222：根据灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度计算灭火水剂在下落过程中未落入山火区域的漂移总量。S222: Calculate the total drift of the fire-extinguishing liquid that does not fall into the mountain fire area during the falling process according to the speed and acceleration of the fire-extinguishing liquid at different heights and at different times.

根据灭火水剂水平方向加速度积分和速度，采用积分法获得灭火水剂的水平位移，并画出灭火水剂到达地面的区域，未落入山火燃烧区域的灭火剂量为漂移量Qsh。According to the acceleration integral and velocity of the fire extinguishing agent in the horizontal direction, the horizontal displacement of the extinguishing agent is obtained by the integral method, and the area where the extinguishing agent reaches the ground is drawn .

在计算水平位移时，视整个区域为水带的长度D和圆形区域的直径2b组成的长方形区域；When calculating the horizontal displacement, the whole area is regarded as a rectangular area composed of the length D of the water belt and the diameter 2b of the circular area;

水带长度D是整个投水过程中航空灭火装置直线行驶距离Da与开始和结束投水瞬间的灭火水剂在直升机航向上的扩散半径b之和，即：The length of the water belt D is the sum of the straight-line travel distance D a of the aviation fire extinguishing device during the entire water drop process and the diffusion radius b of the fire extinguishing agent in the helicopter heading at the moment of starting and ending the water drop, namely:

D＝Da+2bD=D a +2b

其中航空灭火装置投水过程直线行驶距离Da为：Among them, the straight-line driving distance D a of the aviation fire extinguishing device during the watering process is:

Da＝[V0+Ucos(ε-ΔK)]T0 D a =[V 0 +Ucos(ε-ΔK)]T 0

式中，V0为航空灭火装置的飞行速度，U为风速大小，ε为风向，ΔK为航向修正值，T0为灭火直升机投水所用时间，其中，T0＝M*/nπd2u0，

Figure BDA0002405772680000083
即灭火水剂喷射初始速度，为水平初始速度和垂直初始速度平方和开根号，n为喷口的个数。In the formula, V 0 is the flight speed of the aviation fire extinguishing device, U is the wind speed, ε is the wind direction, ΔK is the heading correction value, and T 0 is the time it takes for the fire-fighting helicopter to drop water, where T 0 =M * /nπd 2 u 0 ,
Figure BDA0002405772680000083
That is, the initial velocity of the fire extinguishing agent is the square root of the horizontal initial velocity and the vertical initial velocity, and n is the number of nozzles.

S223：根据火场植被类型、灭火水剂的流量以及蒸发总量计算得到灭火水剂的被遮蔽量S223: Calculate the shaded amount of the fire extinguishing agent according to the type of vegetation on the fire site, the flow rate of the extinguishing agent and the total evaporation

根据输电线路山火植被类型、植被透射系数、山火类型、灭火水剂粘性及浓度，计算灭火水剂的遮蔽量Calculate the shielding amount of the fire extinguishing agent according to the vegetation type of the transmission line, the vegetation transmittance coefficient, the type of the wildfire, the viscosity and concentration of the extinguishing agent

S2231：获取植被类型，包括植被类型对应的遮蔽系数以及植被空间密度。S2231: Obtain the vegetation type, including the shading coefficient corresponding to the vegetation type and the vegetation spatial density.

由于输电线路山火现场的植被可燃物种类众多，需要根据植被类型、山火类型、灭火水剂参数分类计算。下表1为火场遮蔽系数β分布表。Since there are many types of vegetation combustibles on the transmission line mountain fire site, it needs to be classified and calculated according to the vegetation type, the type of wildfire, and the parameters of the fire extinguishing agent. Table 1 below is the distribution table of the fire field shielding coefficient β.

表1航空灭火装置火场遮蔽系数βTable 1 Fire field shielding coefficient β of aviation fire extinguishing device

Figure BDA0002405772680000091
Figure BDA0002405772680000091

S2232：根据遮蔽系数、植被空间密度、蒸发总量以及灭火水剂的配比计算被遮蔽量。S2232: Calculate the shaded amount according to the shading coefficient, the spatial density of vegetation, the total amount of evaporation, and the ratio of the fire extinguishing agent.

灭火水剂配比为p，根据上述的蒸发总量，获得灭火水剂抵达植被可燃物时的灭火水剂浓度为

Figure BDA0002405772680000092
The proportion of fire extinguishing water is p. According to the above total evaporation, the concentration of fire extinguishing water when it reaches the vegetation combustibles is:
Figure BDA0002405772680000092

随着灭火水剂浓度的增加，灭火水剂的粘度增加，从而灭火水剂的流动性减小，故而灭火水剂被遮蔽的越多。通过试验发现，灭火剂的浓度和粘度成正比，因此，直接以灭火水剂中灭火剂的浓度作为计算遮蔽量的一个关键参数。As the concentration of the fire extinguishing water increases, the viscosity of the fire extinguishing water increases, so that the fluidity of the fire extinguishing water decreases, so the more the fire extinguishing water is shielded. Through experiments, it is found that the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent is proportional to the viscosity. Therefore, the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent is directly used as a key parameter for calculating the shielding amount.

尽管灭火水剂具有流动性，但当植被可燃物的遮蔽密度较大时，对灭火水剂的阻挡作用增大，导致灭火水剂不能同时达到火场的燃烧区域，从而导致灭火效果下降。因此，本发明以现场可燃物空间密度ρve作为影响灭火水剂的遮蔽量的影响因素。Although the fire extinguishing agent has fluidity, when the shade density of the vegetation combustibles is high, the blocking effect of the fire extinguishing agent increases, so that the extinguishing agent cannot reach the burning area of the fire field at the same time, resulting in a decrease in the fire extinguishing effect. Therefore, in the present invention, the spatial density ρ ve of combustibles on site is used as an influencing factor that affects the shielding amount of the fire extinguishing agent.

Figure BDA0002405772680000093
Figure BDA0002405772680000093

式中，β为遮蔽系数，Q0为灭火水剂的流量，p为灭火水剂的配比，Qvap为蒸发总量，pve为植被空间密度。η为校正系数，其取值为

Figure BDA0002405772680000094
In the formula, β is the shading coefficient, Q 0 is the flow rate of fire extinguishing water, p is the proportion of fire extinguishing water, Q vap is the total evaporation, and p ve is the spatial density of vegetation. η is the correction coefficient, and its value is
Figure BDA0002405772680000094

S23：根据灭火水剂的流量、灭火水剂的蒸发总量、灭火水剂的漂移总量以及灭火水剂的被遮蔽量计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量。S23: Calculate the floor dose of the extinguishing agent per unit area of the fire site according to the flow rate of the extinguishing agent, the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent, the total drift of the extinguishing agent, and the shielded amount of the extinguishing agent.

根据航空灭火装置的流量Q0、漂移量Qsh和蒸发量Qvap，计算灭火水剂的到达地面的有效灭火剂量Qex。According to the flow rate Q 0 , the drift amount Q sh and the evaporation amount Q vap of the aviation fire extinguishing device, the effective fire extinguishing amount Q ex of the fire extinguishing water agent reaching the ground is calculated.

S3：根据火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量评估灭火效果。S3: Evaluate the fire-extinguishing effect according to the landing dose of the fire-extinguishing water agent per unit area of the fire site.

灭火水剂到达地面的区域与实际输电线路山火燃烧面积的交叉面积Sf，以有效灭火剂量Qex除以交叉面积Sf，获得火场单位面积洒落剂量。The cross area S f between the area where the fire extinguishing agent reaches the ground and the actual burning area of the mountain fire of the transmission line is divided by the effective fire extinguishing dose Q ex by the cross area S f to obtain the sprinkled dose per unit area of the fire site.

灭火水剂的落地剂量为：The floor dose of fire extinguishing agent is:

Figure BDA0002405772680000101
Figure BDA0002405772680000101

式中，M*为投水量，S为投水面积，其中，

Figure BDA0002405772680000102
Figure BDA0002405772680000103
In the formula, M * is the water input amount, S is the water input area, among which,
Figure BDA0002405772680000102
Figure BDA0002405772680000103

S4：根据灭火效果调整内部参数直至灭火效果最大化。S4: Adjust the internal parameters according to the fire-extinguishing effect until the fire-extinguishing effect is maximized.

依托于上述方法，本发明还公开了一种航空精准灭火评估系统，包括处理器、存储器以及储存与存储器上的计算机程序，处理器执行计算机程序时实现上述任一的方法。Relying on the above method, the present invention also discloses an aviation accurate fire extinguishing evaluation system, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program on the storage and memory, and the processor implements any of the above methods when the computer program is executed.

本发明通过建立航空灭火装置灭火水剂下落的受力分析模型，计算灭火水剂下落到地面的时间，进一步获得灭火水剂在水平方向的位移；结合灭火水剂与高温空气的相互作用，计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发量；根据输电线路山火现场的山火类型、植被密度、灭火剂浓度等参数，计算航空灭火水剂到达火场的遮蔽量。在此基础上，计算灭火水剂下落到火场的面积及单位面积剂量，提高输电线路山火灭火准确率与效果。The present invention calculates the time for the fire extinguishing agent to fall to the ground by establishing the force analysis model of the falling of the fire extinguishing agent of the aviation fire extinguishing device, and further obtains the displacement of the fire extinguishing agent in the horizontal direction; The evaporation amount of the fire extinguishing agent during the falling process; the shielding amount of the aviation fire extinguishing agent to the fire site is calculated according to the type of wildfire, vegetation density, concentration of fire extinguishing agent and other parameters at the fire site of the transmission line. On this basis, the area of the fire extinguishing agent falling to the fire site and the dose per unit area are calculated to improve the accuracy and effect of the fire extinguishing of the transmission line.

以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. an aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 获取航空灭火装置的内部参数以及火场的外部参数；Obtain the internal parameters of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the external parameters of the fire field; 综合所述内部参数和所述外部参数计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量；Combining the internal parameters and the external parameters to calculate the landing dose of the fire extinguishing agent per unit area of the fire site; 根据火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量评估灭火效果。The fire-extinguishing effect is evaluated according to the landing dose of the fire-extinguishing water agent per unit area of the fire site. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，所述内部参数包括灭火水剂的射出速度、灭火水剂的流量、灭火水剂的配比、航空灭火装置的飞行速度以及航空灭火装置的喷嘴数量，外部参数包括火场风速、火场风向、火场温度以及植被类型。2. a kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described internal parameter comprises the injection speed of fire-extinguishing water agent, the flow rate of fire-extinguishing water agent, the proportioning The flight speed and the number of nozzles of the aviation fire extinguishing device, the external parameters include the fire wind speed, fire wind direction, fire temperature and vegetation type. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，综合所述内部参数和所述外部参数计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量包括以下步骤：3. A kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, comprehensively described internal parameter and described external parameter calculating the grounding dose of fire extinguishing water agent in the unit area of fire field comprises the following steps: 根据灭火水剂的射出速度以及火场风速计算出灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度；Calculate the speed and acceleration of the fire extinguishing agent at different heights and at different times according to the injection speed of the fire extinguishing agent and the wind speed of the fire field; 根据航空灭火装置所处的环境温度、灭火水剂的分散状态、灭火水剂接触面积以及灭火水剂的蒸发潜热计算灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量；根据灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度计算灭火水剂在下落过程中未落入山火区域的漂移总量；根据火场植被类型、灭火水剂的流量以及蒸发总量计算得到灭火水剂的利用量；According to the ambient temperature of the aviation fire extinguishing device, the dispersion state of the extinguishing agent, the contact area of the extinguishing agent and the latent heat of evaporation of the extinguishing agent, the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent during the falling process is calculated; The velocity and acceleration at different times are used to calculate the total drift of the fire extinguishing agent that does not fall into the mountain fire area during the falling process; the utilization amount of the fire extinguishing agent is calculated according to the type of vegetation on the fire site, the flow rate of the extinguishing agent and the total evaporation; 根据灭火水剂的流量、灭火水剂的蒸发总量、灭火水剂的漂移总量以及灭火水剂的利用量计算火场单位面积内灭火水剂的落地剂量。According to the flow rate of the extinguishing agent, the total evaporation of the extinguishing agent, the total drift of the extinguishing agent, and the utilization of the extinguishing agent, the floor dose of the extinguishing agent per unit area of the fire field is calculated. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，灭火水剂在不同高度、不同时间的速度和加速度的计算方法为：4. a kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the calculation method of the speed and acceleration of fire-extinguishing water agent at different heights, different time is: 将灭火水剂的射出速度分解为水平速度vx0和垂直速度vy0；火场风速分解为水平风速vw1和垂直羽流速度vw2；Decompose the ejection speed of the fire extinguishing agent into horizontal speed v x0 and vertical speed v y0 ; decompose the fire field wind speed into horizontal wind speed v w1 and vertical plume speed v w2 ; 将灭火水剂分为两层，分别为投影锥角层和投影矩形层，其中，投影锥角层水平风速作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度为：The fire extinguishing agent is divided into two layers, namely the projected cone angle layer and the projected rectangular layer. The acceleration and velocity of the horizontal wind speed of the projected cone angle layer acting on the fire extinguishing agent are:
Figure FDA0002405772670000011
Figure FDA0002405772670000011
 vx1＝vx0-∫αx1dtv x1 = v x0 -∫α x1 dt 式中，C为空气阻力系数，取值为0.5-1.0，L1为锥角层底部圆面的半径，vx1为灭火水剂在投影锥角层的末端水平速度，ρa为空气密度，ρj为灭火水剂的密度；In the formula, C is the air resistance coefficient, which ranges from 0.5 to 1.0, L 1 is the radius of the circular surface at the bottom of the cone angle layer, v x1 is the horizontal velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected cone angle layer, ρ a is the air density, ρ j is the density of the fire extinguishing agent; 投影矩形层水平风速作用于灭火水剂的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and speed of the horizontal wind speed of the projected rectangular layer acting on the fire extinguishing agent are:
Figure FDA0002405772670000021
Figure FDA0002405772670000021
 vx2＝vx1-∫αx2dtv x2 = v x1 -∫α x2 dt 式中，L2为投影矩形层底部正方形的边长，vx2为灭火水剂在投影矩形层的末端水平速度；In the formula, L 2 is the side length of the square at the bottom of the projected rectangular layer, and v x2 is the horizontal velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected rectangular layer; 投影锥角层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected cone angle layer are: 其中投影锥角层垂直方向风阻力为：The vertical direction wind resistance of the projected cone angle layer is:
Figure FDA0002405772670000022
Figure FDA0002405772670000022
 式中，H为投影锥角层的垂直高度，v1y为灭火水剂在投影锥角层末端的垂直速度，g为重力加速度，Cd为空气阻力系数，其中，空气阻力系数Cd与流体的雷诺数有关：In the formula, H is the vertical height of the projected cone angle layer, v 1y is the vertical velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected cone angle layer, g is the acceleration of gravity, and C d is the air resistance coefficient, among which, the air resistance coefficient C d is related to the fluid The Reynolds number is related to:
Figure FDA0002405772670000023
Figure FDA0002405772670000023
Figure FDA0002405772670000024
Figure FDA0002405772670000024
 l为与物体横截面积相联系的特征长度，ρ为流体密度，η为流体的黏度，则：l is the characteristic length related to the cross-sectional area of the object, ρ is the density of the fluid, η is the viscosity of the fluid, then:
Figure FDA0002405772670000025
Figure FDA0002405772670000025
 从而计算得到投影锥角层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度；Thus, the vertical direction wind resistance of the projected cone angle layer and the acceleration and speed of gravity acting on the water body are calculated; 投影矩形层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度为：The acceleration and velocity of the vertical direction wind resistance and gravity acting on the water body of the projected rectangular layer are: 其中投影矩形层垂直方向风阻力为：The vertical direction wind resistance of the projected rectangular layer is:
Figure FDA0002405772670000026
Figure FDA0002405772670000026
 则：but:
Figure FDA0002405772670000027
Figure FDA0002405772670000027
 从而计算得到投影矩形层垂直方向风阻、重力作用于水体的加速度和速度，v2y为灭火水剂在投影矩形层末端的垂直速度。Thus, the wind resistance in the vertical direction of the projected rectangular layer and the acceleration and velocity of gravity acting on the water body are calculated, and v 2y is the vertical velocity of the fire extinguishing agent at the end of the projected rectangular layer. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，灭火水剂在下落过程中的蒸发总量依据蒸发模型进行计算，所述蒸发模型为：5. A kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the total evaporation of fire-extinguishing water agent in the falling process is calculated according to evaporation model, and described evaporation model is: 在灭火水剂水体高度以下，即0＜x＜H，Y2＜y＜L：Below the height of the fire extinguishing agent water body, that is, 0<x<H, Y 2 <y<L:
Figure FDA0002405772670000028
Figure FDA0002405772670000028
 在灭火水剂水体中，即0＜x＜H，Y1＜y＜Y2：In the water body of fire extinguishing agent, that is, 0<x<H, Y 1 <y<Y 2 :
Figure FDA0002405772670000031
Figure FDA0002405772670000031
 在灭火水剂水体高度以上，即0＜x＜H，0＜y＜Y1：Above the height of the fire extinguishing agent water body, that is, 0<x<H, 0<y<Y 1 :
Figure FDA0002405772670000032
Figure FDA0002405772670000032
 式中，Y1＝Vd·t，Y2＝Ld+Vd·t，其中，t为时间，Vd为灭火水剂生命周期，T为火场温度，γ为灭火水剂的导温系数，γ＝λ/Cρ，λ为灭火水剂的导热系数，C为灭火水剂的比热容。In the formula, Y 1 =V d ·t, Y 2 =L d +V d ·t, where t is the time, V d is the life cycle of the fire extinguishing agent, T is the temperature of the fire field, and γ is the temperature conduction of the fire extinguishing agent Coefficient, γ=λ/Cρ, λ is the thermal conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent, C is the specific heat capacity of the fire extinguishing agent. 6.根据权利要求3所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，根据火场植被类型、灭火水剂的流量以及蒸发总量计算得到灭火水剂利用量包括以下步骤：6. a kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, according to fire-field vegetation type, the flow rate of fire-extinguishing water agent and evaporation total amount of calculating and obtaining fire-extinguishing water agent utilization amount comprises the following steps: 获取植被类型，包括植被类型对应的遮蔽系数以及植被空间密度；Obtain vegetation types, including the shade coefficients corresponding to the vegetation types and the spatial density of vegetation; 根据遮蔽系数、植被空间密度、蒸发总量以及灭火水剂的配比计算灭火水剂利用量：Calculate the utilization of fire extinguishing water according to the shading coefficient, vegetation space density, total evaporation and the proportion of fire extinguishing water:
Figure FDA0002405772670000033
Figure FDA0002405772670000033
 式中，β为遮蔽系数，Q0为灭火水剂的流量，p为灭火水剂的配比，Qvap为蒸发总量，pve为植被空间密度,w为校正系数，取值为
Figure FDA0002405772670000034
In the formula, β is the shading coefficient, Q 0 is the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent, p is the proportion of the fire extinguishing agent, Q vap is the total evaporation, p ve is the spatial density of vegetation, w is the correction coefficient, and the value is
Figure FDA0002405772670000034
 7.根据权利要求3所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，灭火水剂的落地剂量计算前还需要确定灭火水剂水平位移，灭火水剂水平位移的计算方式为：7. A kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, before the drop dose of fire-extinguishing water agent is calculated, also needs to determine fire-extinguishing water agent horizontal displacement, and the calculation method of fire-extinguishing water agent horizontal displacement is: 视整个区域为水带的长度D和圆形区域的直径2b组成的长方形区域；Consider the entire area as a rectangular area composed of the length D of the water belt and the diameter 2b of the circular area; 水带长度D是整个投水过程中航空灭火装置直线行驶距离Da与开始和结束投水瞬间的水体在直升机航向上的扩散半径b之和，即：The length of the water belt D is the sum of the straight-line travel distance D a of the aviation fire extinguishing device and the diffusion radius b of the water body on the helicopter heading at the moment of the start and end of the water drop during the entire water drop process, namely: D＝Da+2bD=D a +2b 其中航空灭火装置投水过程直线行驶距离Da为：Among them, the straight-line driving distance D a of the aviation fire extinguishing device during the watering process is: Da＝[V0+Ucos(ε-ΔK)]T0 D a =[V 0 +Ucos(ε-ΔK)]T 0 式中，V0为航空灭火装置的飞行速度，U为风速大小，ε为风向，ΔK为航向修正值，T0为灭火直升机投水所用时间，其中，T0＝4M*/nπd2u0，
Figure FDA0002405772670000035
即灭火水剂喷射初始速度，为水平初始速度和垂直初始速度平方和开根号，n为喷口的个数。In the formula, V 0 is the flight speed of the aviation fire extinguishing device, U is the wind speed, ε is the wind direction, ΔK is the heading correction value, and T 0 is the time it takes for the fire-fighting helicopter to drop water, where T 0 =4M * /nπd 2 u 0 ,
Figure FDA0002405772670000035
That is, the initial velocity of the fire extinguishing agent is the square root of the horizontal initial velocity and the vertical initial velocity, and n is the number of nozzles. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，灭火水剂的落地剂量为：8. a kind of aviation accurate fire-extinguishing evaluation method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the landing dose of fire-extinguishing water agent is:
Figure FDA0002405772670000041
Figure FDA0002405772670000041
 式中，M*为投水量，S为投水面积，其中，
Figure FDA0002405772670000042
Figure FDA0002405772670000043
In the formula, M * is the water input amount, S is the water input area, among which,
Figure FDA0002405772670000042
Figure FDA0002405772670000043
 9.根据权利要求3所述的一种航空精准灭火评估方法，其特征在于，所述雷诺数Re＞30。9 . The method for evaluating accurate fire extinguishing in aviation according to claim 3 , wherein the Reynolds number Re>30. 10 . 10.一种航空精准灭火评估系统，包括处理器、存储器以及储存与所述存储器上的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1-9任一所述的方法。10. An aviation precision fire-extinguishing evaluation system, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory, characterized in that, when the processor executes the computer program, any one of claims 1-9 is implemented. method described.
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