CN101914925B - Basement by using optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as external wall - Google Patents

Abstract

A basement using optimized composite prefabricated arch walls as exterior walls, including exterior walls, basement columns/column piles, horizontal support beams, tie beams/ring beams/lintels, floor slabs, foundations and bottom basement bottom slabs; it is characterized in that it also Including the anti-arch slab located under the bottom slab of the basement; the exterior wall is an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall composed of prefabricated arch walls and cast-in-place waterproof concrete walls; the optimized composite prefabricated arch walls on this floor are fixed with connecting beams/ring beams/lintels, The connecting beams/ring beams/lintels are pre-embedded with drainage pipes, and the foundation is a strip foundation located at the bottom of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall. The bottom floor of the basement floor forms a drainage channel between the two, and the drainage channel communicates with the sump. The combination of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall and the underground main structure of the high-rise building can solve the problems of support bearing, construction safety, and displacement prevention, double the cost of foundation pit support, and reduce resource and energy consumption.

Description

Basement using optimized composite prefabricated arch walls as exterior walls

The patent application for this invention is a divisional application; it is a divisional application for an invention patent application with an application date of November 19, 2008, an application number of 200810182255.9, and an invention title of an optimized composite arch wall combined with prefabricated arch pieces, supports and main structures Apply. Technical field The present invention belongs to the field of building engineering components and the category of foundation pit support structures for high-rise buildings or underground buildings, in particular to a multifunctional prefabricated arch piece; The outer wall of the main structure is specifically an optimized composite arch wall combined with a supporting structure and a main structure. The invention also relates to a basement using an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as an outer wall.

Background Art The prefabrication of building components is an important symbol of the development of building technology, and it is also an inevitable trend of factory-like construction. However, the current prefabricated components have single functions and poor interchangeability, which is not conducive to large-scale industrial production and the improvement of quality and efficiency.

The traditional foundation pit support technology is to achieve soil retaining, waterproof, anti-seepage, and anti-displacement by means of retaining walls, supports, and geotechnical reinforcement, and to create good conditions for the construction of the main structure. With the increasing underground depth of buildings in our country, deep foundation pit technology has developed accordingly. Among the top ten technologies promoted by the Ministry of Construction in 2005, deep foundation pit support includes composite soil nail wall support technology, prestressed anchor bolt construction technology, combined internal support technology, steel cement-soil composite mixing pile support structure technology, and frozen drainage technology. Pile method technology, but there are generally disadvantages such as large land occupation, large investment, and high equipment requirements. In April 2008, in order to promote, guide and standardize the construction design and construction of foundation pit excavation projects in China, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Construction launched the key project of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" Science and Technology Support Plan "Key Technologies for Rock and Soil Reinforcement of Underground Excavation Engineering" Research", including research on key technologies and methods of foundation pit engineering, research on groundwater control methods and leakage monitoring technology in foundation pits, research on new technology and new materials for foundation pit support, optimization and integration system of foundation pit support, and demonstration of deep and large foundation pit engineering Four topics, the purpose is to develop a batch of foundation pit engineering design, construction, monitoring technologies and methods with independent intellectual property rights, and propose a comprehensive set of safety and quality assurance for foundation pit engineering that reduces accidents, reduces costs, protects the environment, and saves resources system.

In fact, the support structure can be regarded as composed of two parts: one is the retaining wall, and the other is the support. The two are used independently or in combination to form a variety of support systems. The retaining wall includes steel-wood support, sheet pile support, cast-in-situ pile, deep mixing pile and underground diaphragm wall. Support includes top bracing and pulling anchor; pulling anchor is divided into single anchor and multi-anchor.

With the development of deep foundation pit engineering technology, cement-soil mixing piles, soil nail walls, bored piles, bored piles, punched piles, immersed pipe piles, reinforced concrete prefabricated piles, underground diaphragm walls and SMW construction method diaphragm walls and special The caissons or caissons used for structures are widely used, but generally the temporary support of foundation pits is still the main technology. As pointed out in "New Developments in China's Deep Foundation Pit Engineering Technology in Recent Years": "Although deep foundation pit engineering is a temporary project, its technical complexity is far greater than that of permanent foundation structures or superstructures. It will endanger the safety of the foundation pit itself, and will bring disaster to adjacent buildings, roads, bridges and various underground facilities, causing huge losses. In addition, the design of deep foundation pit engineering needs to be based on many technical parameters during excavation construction. During the construction process, there are often unexpected changes in the internal force and displacement of the support structure and the deformation of the soil inside and outside the foundation pit, which are difficult to predict in advance and deal with afterwards. Even the underground diaphragm wall, which is popular in the world, also has high cost and needs to be discarded. Treatment of soil and waste mud, tank wall collapse and leakage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-functional prefabricated arch with simple structure, easy manufacture, efficient and rapid construction. The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optimized composite arch wall combining support and main structure.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a multifunctional prefabricated arch piece, which is characterized in that it includes an arch plate and connecting ribs provided at both ends. Concrete around the reinforcement skeleton; the reinforcement skeleton includes two main reinforcements and several distributed reinforcements fixedly connected between the main reinforcements. The two ends of the main reinforcements are provided with hooks that extend out of the rear end face of the connecting rib concrete and bend outwards. There are anchoring tendons extending from the back of the arch plate and extending to the left and right sides. The protruding ends of the anchoring tendons are provided with folding hooks bent toward the center line; the connecting ribs are provided with connecting ribs for connecting adjacent arch pieces. hole.

The multifunctional prefabricated arch piece provided by the present invention has opened a new path for prefabrication, factoryization and standardization of construction engineering, underground engineering and tunnel engineering.

Multifunctional prefabricated arches are used for foundation pit support of high-rise buildings, which can simultaneously realize the integration of basement exterior walls and support structures, replace today's advanced bulky and expensive underground diaphragm walls, and solve problems such as stress, waterproofing, and drainage at the same time. In addition to maintaining the advantages of low noise, low vibration, high rigidity, small deformation, and small impact on the surrounding environment of the underground diaphragm wall, it also has the advantages of no special machinery, fast construction, low cost, strong impermeability, and no need to use external rotary spraying Waterproof and drainage measures for piles, buttresses in pits and lining walls can solve the problem of waterproofing and drainage economically and economically.

Multifunctional prefabricated arch pieces are used for retaining walls: it can save a lot of material resources, shorten the construction period, and has reliable engineering quality and durability.

The multi-functional prefabricated arch is used for the earth-covered exterior wall and soil-covered roof of the earth-covered building on the mountain or hillside: in addition to solving the problem of combining the retaining wall and the exterior wall into one, saving a wall, it also saves land. The wall is in close contact with the mountain, taking advantage of the characteristics of the stratum, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, to save energy.

In view of the high cost of the underground diaphragm wall, the need to deal with spoil and waste mud, and the existence of tank wall collapse and leakage, the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a safe, High-quality, fast, and environmentally friendly, an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall that combines the supporting structure with various functions of the underground diaphragm wall and the main structure; this optimized composite prefabricated arch wall can be used to construct the underground main structure without digging foundation pit At the same time, the foundation pit support problem is automatically solved.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem is: an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall combined with a supporting structure and a main structure, characterized in that the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall includes a prefabricated arch wall and a cast-in-place waterproof Concrete walls, the working joints of the prefabricated arch wall and the working joints of the cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall are staggered; the cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall is set between the outer side of the prefabricated arch wall and the soil mold; the prefabricated arch wall is composed of multiple prefabricated arch pieces , left and right are fixedly connected to each other; the main reinforcement of the concealed column is vertically arranged at the hooks of two adjacent prefabricated arches in the horizontal direction from bottom to top; The hooks are cross-fixed on the main reinforcement of the concealed column, and the connecting bolts are installed in the connecting holes of the two adjacent prefabricated arches, so that the two adjacent prefabricated arches are fixedly connected or/and the nearby prefabricated arches are tied and fixed by the inner tension bars of the arch Together; the connecting ribs of the prefabricated arch, the concrete layer between the main reinforcement of the concealed column and the soil form constitute the concealed column.

Further, the reinforcement bars fixedly connect the anchoring bars of two adjacent prefabricated arches of different arch layers to form a diamond-shaped reinforcement mesh.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall provided by the present invention is different from the self-supporting support scheme relying on the addition of support members; it is also different from the scheme combining the heavy and expensive underground continuous wall with the main structure; The reverse prefabricated arch wall scheme of over-excavation and overfill is a scheme that fully combines the main structure and optimized composite prefabricated arch wall without increasing the workload of the main structure.

The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a basement using optimized composite prefabricated arch walls as exterior walls, including exterior walls, basement columns/column piles, horizontal support beams, connecting beams/ring beams/lintels, The floor slab, the foundation and the bottom slab of the basement; it is characterized in that: it also includes an anti-arch slab located under the bottom slab of the basement; the outer wall is an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall composed of a prefabricated arch wall and a cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall; the floor optimizes the composite prefabricated The connecting beam/ring beam/lintel is fixed on the arch wall, and the connecting beam/ring beam/lining beam is pre-buried with drain pipes. The foundation is a strip foundation at the bottom of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall, and the strip foundation is equipped with a drain The foundation is docked with the anti-arch slab, the concave surface of the anti-arch slab faces the basement floor of the bottom layer, and a drainage channel is formed between the two, and the drainage channel is connected with the sump.

The combination of optimized composite prefabricated arch walls and the underground main structure of high-rise buildings can easily solve problems such as support bearing, construction safety, and displacement prevention. Moreover, it doubles the foundation pit support funds and has obvious low consumption, that is, less resource consumption and energy consumption. Low consumption, low time consumption, and low capital consumption; high performance is the advantage of high performance and multi-functional use. The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is not only used as a retaining and waterproof enclosure wall, but also a load-bearing exterior wall of the basement. The thickness of the wall is controlled according to the load-bearing outer wall of the main underground structure. It can solve the problems of foundation pit support, soil retaining, waterproof, anti-seepage, moisture-proof, ventilation, and heat insulation without increasing the thickness. It also has functions such as noise reduction, light trough, and decoration. .

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is used for shallow foundation pits, and can be directly constructed by the normal method; deep foundation pits should be constructed by the reverse method, and the construction process is divided into two types: first column method and rear column method:

The column-first method is suitable for soft ground, and the construction process is to first construct engineering column piles and columns as the vertical support system of the underground structure. Then excavate the soil to the lower edge of the basement roof, and build the beam-slab structure of the first floor of the basement with the soil model as the horizontal support member of the underground structure. Then, at the position of the outer wall of the basement floor, a small tunnel with a height equal to the floor height and a width of <3m is excavated, and the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the basement floor is constructed along with the excavation. After the outer wall is completed, the remaining earthwork of this layer can be excavated, and the beams and slabs of the underground structure can be constructed. The exterior wall, earthwork, beams and slabs of the second floor and the structure of the second floor above ground are completed until the exterior wall of the ground floor is completed, and the bottom slab is built until the project is completed. The disadvantage is the lack of small, flexible and efficient excavation machinery, which slows down the progress of excavation, but saves the construction time of the underground diaphragm wall.

The rear column method is suitable for hard ground. The construction process is to first excavate the soil to the lower edge of the basement roof, and use the soil model to build the beam-slab structure of the first floor of the basement as the horizontal support member of the underground structure. Then, excavate a small tunnel with a height equal to the floor height and a width <3m on one or both sides of the outer wall and column network of the first underground floor, and optimize the composite prefabricated arch walls and columns on the first floor as the excavation progresses. Only construct an outer wall with a column grid spacing and a column at a time, and calculate the load-bearing safety of the upper structure in the hollowed out part of the lower part, and complete the assembly pouring of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall and the erection of the steel column or steel pipe column as soon as possible. After the outer walls and columns are completed, the remaining earthwork of this layer can be excavated, and the beams and slabs of the basement structure can be constructed, so that the columns, walls, beams, and slabs can be integrated into a whole. Then, use the same method to construct the outer walls, columns, earthwork and beams and slabs of the second underground floor until the outer walls and columns of the ground floor are completed, and build the arched raft base plate until the strength meets the design requirements, then proceed to the above-ground structure construction . The disadvantage is that the construction progress is slightly slower, but the saving effect is more significant.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention is an innovation in the technical scheme of the comprehensive combination of the support structure and the main structure. It is different from the prior art in that the new optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is used to replace the underground diaphragm wall, and the construction of deep and large foundation pits becomes The small cavern construction under the protection of the roof changes the construction of the basement exterior wall into a small cavern side wall construction method that is less than the storey height. While stabilizing the construction, it easily solves the impact on the surrounding dense buildings; solves the construction safety problem; it is a new effective way to improve quality, reduce cost, protect the environment and save resources

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention can automatically solve the temporary support problems of the foundation pit while constructing the underground main structure, including problems such as enclosure walls, soil retaining, waterproof, seepage prevention, and displacement prevention, without the need for special temporary support costs of money, materials, energy and time spent on maintenance.

The key of the present invention is to use the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall combined with prefabrication and cast-in-place to replace the underground diaphragm wall which is popular all over the world, adopt the method of overall reverse construction, layered and segmented normal construction, and replace the underground diaphragm wall with the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall, There is no need for additional foundation pit support. While completing the construction of the main underground structure, it can solve the problems of safe construction, stability of the foundation pit and surrounding stability by itself. Function, and has the advantages of rapid construction, immediate stress, high safety, strong anti-displacement ability, small structural deformation, and minimal impact on the surrounding environment. At the same time, the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall also has the functions of heat insulation, moisture-proof, waterproof, and drainage, and can be used as a light trough, ventilation, and decoration. The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall does not require special equipment, is convenient for large-scale industrial production, can be constructed quickly, and can save a lot of energy, materials and construction funds, and its cost is equivalent to 1/5 to 1/10 of the underground diaphragm wall.

The scope of application of the present invention is also far wider than that of the underground diaphragm wall, except that the five types of foundation pit projects applicable to the underground diaphragm wall are all applicable; it can be applied to both large-area underground engineering and small-area underground engineering; it is suitable for large-depth Underground engineering is also suitable for small-depth underground engineering; it is suitable for both complex-shaped underground engineering and simple-shaped underground engineering. It has good adaptability to environmental requirements and the size of the work space. For example, the deep foundation of a large-depth underground project or a high-rise building can be constructed by the reverse method of excavation; the shallow foundation of a small-depth underground project or a multi-storey building can be constructed by the open-cut method. It can also be extended to retaining wall engineering. Practice has proved that the optimized composite retaining wall is 90% thinner than the gravity retaining wall.

Its theoretical and practical basis of optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention is:

1. Optimize the stress and give full play to the advantages of concrete compression resistance, which can reduce the thickness of the wall by more than 40%;

Immediately after the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is installed, it works as a multi-span continuous arch structure, which can convert the horizontal earth pressure acting in the foundation pit into the axial force of the arch ring. This axial force of the arch ring makes the arch section in a small eccentric compression state, avoiding The section of the arch ring is damaged by bending and tension. Since the compressive strength of concrete is about 10 times higher than the tensile strength, each section is under compression, giving full play to the advantages of concrete in compressive strength. Therefore, under the same safety factor, the design thickness of linear bending structures such as underground diaphragm walls, steel-wood support walls, sheet pile support walls, cast-in-place pile walls, and deep mixing pile walls is greatly reduced. For example, the thickness of the underground diaphragm wall is 60-100cm, and the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall only needs 35-45cm, and saves a lot of steel bars; the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is connected with the upper and lower ring beams or the reinforced arch piece is used to work according to the shell, which is more efficient. It is conducive to optimizing the force.

2. Reduce the span of the arch to further reduce the displacement;

In the case of the same thickness, reducing the span is equal to increasing the rigidity; the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is composed of a prefabricated arch wall and a cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall built with arch pieces with a span of 1m, compared with steel bars built according to the span of the foundation pit or the span of the column network The span of the prefabricated arch wall made of concrete upside down, the prefabricated arch wall of cement mixing pile, and the prefabricated arch wall of cast-in-situ pile are many times smaller, and the rigidity is correspondingly increased, and the displacement is further reduced.

3. Adopt the small-span ratio Tan arch with optimized arch approach zone;

Not only can it adapt to the change of load distribution, but the mechanical performance is generally the best, and the axial force is large and the eccentricity is small, which is beneficial to transform the bending and tensile damage of the structure caused by the lateral earth pressure into compressive damage, greatly improving the bearing capacity. The horizontal thrust of the arch foot makes the concealed column or structural column in a three-way stress state, which improves the bending resistance of the column. When the horizontal thrust of the arch foot acts on the concealed column or structural column, the left and right thrusts cancel each other out, and the concealed column or structural column is bent under the conditions of horizontal thrust extrusion and vertical load extrusion, and points to the component of the bending moment inside the basement It decreases with the increase of horizontal thrust, which is beneficial to the overall resistance to displacement.

4. The variable-depth large foundation pit is constructed as a shallow and small tunnel under the protection of the roof to ensure construction safety;

For the increased construction difficulty of deep and large foundation pits, it can be solved by general reverse construction, layered and segmented normal construction methods. In this way, the area of the side wall of the foundation pit exposed each time is very small, the height does not exceed the floor height, and the length does not exceed the length of a column network, so the safety will be greatly improved.

5. Utilize the self-stabilization time of prefabricated arch pieces and surrounding rocks to prevent the displacement of surrounding soil;

The surrounding rock or foundation pit earth has a certain period of self-stabilization after excavation, even if it is pressed, it will gradually increase. Because the prefabricated arch has reached the design strength, the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall constructed by using the prefabricated arch is used as the inner mold of the wall, and the soil is used as the outer mold. The installation can be completed quickly, usually in about two hours, before the surrounding rock is pressed. After pouring the cast-in-place concrete, it can bear the force immediately, even if the cast-in-place concrete has not yet solidified and cannot bear any horizontal force, only the 6cm thick optimized prefabricated arch piece can withstand the lateral pressure of 400KPa. In addition, the stratum replacement work was completed in a very short period of time with the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall, which can completely exceed the standard-controlled displacement for foundation pit walls with horizontal supports, no more than the storey height, and a small exposed area. Small, so that the safety of surrounding buildings, roads, and pipe networks is more guaranteed.

6. Changing the current cantilevered enclosure structure into a three-sided support structure during construction or a four-sided support structure after construction improves the mechanical performance and reduces the buried depth of the enclosure structure;

The insertion depth of the existing cantilever single-row pile enclosure structure should not be less than 1 times the excavation depth; the insertion depth of the cantilever arch enclosure structure can be smaller. The present invention is constructed according to the requirements of the main body structure, and does not need to increase the insertion depth.

7. The arched raft foundation is used to solve the uplift problem, replacing the complex anti-uplift structural system or the thick bottom plate;

Lanzhou Dongfanghong underground shopping mall is located in the high water level area of the center of Lanzhou. The foundation pit is 200m long and 100m wide. The maximum buried depth of the project is 10.2m, and 7.2m is buried in the water. On the basis of the design, the problems of uplift and anti-floating are successfully solved by adding tie beams and arched raft foundations, and adding gravel blind ditch counterweight in the reverse arch. It was officially put into use in 1996 and has been operating in good condition up to now.

8. Measures such as cast-in-place waterproof concrete and optimized arch staggered joints, elimination of construction joints, prohibition of steel bar penetration, grouting to plug leaks, partial installation of expansion water-stop strips and space drainage inside the arch, have satisfactorily solved the underwater Engineering waterproof and drainage problems;

9. The cast-in-place waterproof concrete layer on the outside is convenient for vertical layering and compaction. There is no problem that the sediment at the bottom of the tank affects the bearing capacity, and the use of the external soil mold can make the cast-in-place waterproof concrete closely contact with the surrounding soil. Utilize the friction and cohesion of the surrounding rock to improve the earthquake resistance and the bearing capacity of the outer wall.

10. Using the space saved by optimizing the composite prefabricated arch wall, it can solve the problems of drainage, moisture insulation, heat insulation, ventilation, light grooves and decorative brackets, etc.

Below, the existing three advanced technologies that are easily confused with the present invention are compared with the present invention:

First, compared with reverse prefabricated arch walls

2007 Registered Geotechnical Engineer Professional Examination Review Course, Fourth Edition Introduction: "The reverse prefabricated arch wall structure is to excavate the foundation pit into a circular, elliptical or other arc-shaped plane, and reverse the reinforcement in layers along the side wall of the foundation pit. The concrete prefabricated arch wall uses the function of the arch to transform the earth pressure perpendicular to the wall into the tangential force in the prefabricated arch wall, so as to make full use of the compressive strength of the wall concrete. The design can be based on geological conditions and the plane shape of the foundation pit Closed or non-closed prefabricated arch walls are adopted. Since the internal force of the wall is mainly compressive stress, the high compressive strength of concrete is fully utilized, so the thickness of the wall can be thinner, and it is not used in many cases. Anchor rods or internal supports may meet the requirements of strength and stability. Although, even if the arch ring sometimes needs to use cement-soil mixing piles or chemical grouting to form a water-stop curtain, its cost is still about 50%. This kind of structure generally adopts the cast-in-place reinforced concrete prefabricated arch wall structure constructed in layers and sections. The section of the prefabricated arch wall should be Z-shaped, and the upper and lower ends of the arch wall are usually ribbed. When the slope of the foundation pit is relatively When it is narrow, rib beams may not be added but the arch wall shall be thickened. The horizontal construction section length of the inverted prefabricated arch wall shall not exceed 12m, and the section length of the soft soil layer or sand layer shall not exceed 8m. The vertical layer height shall not exceed 2.5m. The concrete strength grade of the prefabricated arch wall structure should not be lower than C25, and the lower prefabricated arch wall can only be constructed after the upper prefabricated arch wall is closed and the concrete strength reaches 70% of the design strength.”

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention is also a composite structure composed of a prefabricated arch wall formed by connecting and fixing prefabricated arch pieces and cast-in-place concrete. The difference from the inverted prefabricated arch wall is that:

1. The upside-down prefabricated arch wall structure is a support structure poured on-site with reinforced concrete, and it is still necessary to build the basement outer wall of the main structure;

The present invention is a composite structure of prefabricated arch pieces and concrete pouring on site, without the need to build the basement outer wall of the main structure, and it has dual functions of the enclosure structure and the basement outer wall.

2. The sagittal height of the arch circle of the reverse prefabricated arch wall structure is f>0.12L, and L is the side length of the foundation pit; therefore, it occupies a large area and is only suitable for the site around the foundation pit where the retaining wall is allowed to arch in the horizontal direction or In the arc-shaped foundation pit;

The arch ring sagittal height f<0.12L of the present invention, the length L of the prefabricated arch piece is uniformly 1m, and is designed according to the optimized approach zone, which can adapt to load changes and is not limited by the side length and shape of the foundation pit, and can completely According to the shape and size of the main building basement or underground engineering design.

3. The support system of reverse prefabricated arch wall is a support structure without embedded sections, which will cause overall slippage and pit bottom uplift;

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention utilizes beams and slabs of the main structure as horizontal supports, upright columns of the main structure as vertical supports, and a matching arched raft base plate as an anti-heave structure, without overall slippage and uplift of the pit bottom.

4. The inverted prefabricated arch wall structure itself cannot be used as a waterproof system. When there is groundwater, cement-soil mixing piles or chemical grouting should be used to form a water-stop curtain.

The present invention has a complete waterproof, anti-seepage and drainage system, except that a large number of water gushing holes require chemical grouting and other methods to block water, and generally there is no need to build a water-stop curtain.

5. The cross-section of the inverted prefabricated arch wall is Z-shaped, and its vertical spacing should not be greater than 2.5m. When the foundation pit is deep and the support height of a Z-shaped prefabricated arch wall is not enough, it can be composed of several prefabricated arch walls. Several rib beams or thickened arch walls are set indented along the height of the prefabricated arch wall, which requires a large amount of space other than the building; after the project is completed, the excavated and occupied site will need to be laboriously backfilled.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention has an I-shaped cross section, and is arranged at the outer wall of the underground main structure without occupying any space other than the building. There is no need to excavate much earth, and there is no need to backfill after the project is completed. Its vertical depth can reach 10m when the open excavation is in progress, and the floor height does not exceed 10m when the underground excavation is in reverse, which can meet the requirements.

6. Reversed prefabricated arch walls are suitable for sites with non-soft soil and low groundwater level, and the excavation depth should generally not exceed 12m.

The invention has a wide range of application, can be used as an underground diaphragm wall and can be adapted to geology, and the total depth of the underground part is basically not limited under the premise of satisfying the bearing capacity of the foundation.

7. The support cost of reverse prefabricated arch wall foundation pit is relatively low, generally only 30% to 60% of the cost of slope protection piles, and the economic benefits are remarkable; the cost of the present invention is lower, and there is basically no increase except for the necessary expenses for the underground main structure The cost of temporary support structures.

Second, compared with the self-supporting structure

The self-supporting support structure believes that the earth pressure load of the foundation pit support does not rely on the supporting force of the geotechnical engineering resistance, anchor force, etc., but relies on the supporting force of the structure itself to bear independently. And it is divided into two types: continuous arch top support self-supporting structure and circular vertical wall self-supporting structure. Different from the present invention in that:

1. According to the invention patent of self-supporting support structure: foundation pit support is independently borne by the supporting force of the structure itself. In fact, the structure it refers to includes not only the existing main structure, but also a series of newly added structures. For example, in addition to the existing frame and beam top bracing, it is necessary to increase the top bracing measures belonging to construction measures, including detachable tools. The top support and the under-slab support under the bottom slab, the tool top support is a tool steel structure top support, which must be removed after construction; the under-slab top support is a one-time reinforced concrete top support under the bottom slab.

And the present invention only utilizes the existing frame beam top brace, without increasing the measures top brace that is set for construction.

2. The anti-uplift structure system of self-supporting support structure is divided into two categories: single anti-uplift structure and comprehensive anti-uplift structure. Single anti-uplift structure includes support anti-uplift structure, vertical wall anti-uplift structure and counterweight anti-uplift structure. The counterweight anti-heavy structure is divided into two types: the building counterweight anti-heavy structure and the soil counterweight anti-heavy structure. The soil counterweight anti-uplift structure is divided into container anti-uplift structure and grouting anti-uplift structure. The comprehensive anti-uplift structure is composed of three or two single anti-uplift structures... In fact, the anti-uplift structure can be regarded as a virtual floor with the same anti-uplift ability as the structural floor, and the virtual floor is laid under the structural floor before excavation Difficult to construct.

The invention does not need complicated anti-uplift structures, and can resist the deformation and uplift of foundation pits by relying on fast and section-by-section construction of the arched raft foundation.

3. The enclosure structure of the self-supporting support structure is a beam-slab structure, which is composed of support piles and arch slabs. It is divided into support beam-slab structure and composite beam-slab structure; the support beam-slab structure is only used for support and belongs to construction measures. After the construction of the project, the support structure loses its function; the composite beam-slab structure The slab is composited with the arch slab of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure of the formal building, which is actually not economical.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall used in the present invention undertakes the dual tasks of the enclosure structure and the building exterior wall, and, by combining itself with the existing components of the main underground structure, the foundation pit support work can be completed by itself without adding support piles.

4. Circular vertical wall of self-supporting support structure The self-supporting support structure is a reinforced concrete structure, which is divided into continuous wall circular vertical wall, digging pile circular vertical wall, and mixing pile circular vertical wall.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention can not only be easily combined into a circular vertical wall, but also can be combined into a vertical wall of any shape, and the construction is fast, and the prefabricated arch can be stressed immediately after being installed in place and poured with concrete. If it is used for a temporary shaft, the concrete can be replaced by notoginseng ash. After the project is completed, the optimized arch piece can be recycled.

In a word, the self-supporting support structure is to bear the earth pressure independently with the self-supporting force of the structure, but these structures are not all necessary for the underground main structure, but additional structures; the present invention fully relies on the existing main structure and necessary Optimizing the composite prefabricated arch wall combined with the replacement of the support structure can not only save a lot of investment and time for foundation pit support, but also solve the problem of foundation pit support at the same time.

Third, compared with the comprehensive combination technology of support structure and main structure

The method of combining the deep foundation pit support structure with the main structure uses the temporary support part for the main structure, realizes the integration of two walls, and saves the project significantly. Three different types of combination of deep foundation pit support structure and main structure:

1. The surrounding temporary enclosure combined with the beam-slab system in the pit to replace the support system, in addition to the need for temporary support such as construction of water-stop curtains, temporary enclosures (reinforced concrete bored piles, SMW construction methods, and drilled occlusal piles) , It also requires a small amount of steel temporary support, and the basement wall is built separately. The space occupied by the enclosure is still large, which is not conducive to the utilization of the land, and the extra excavated earth needs to be backfilled.

2. The surrounding underground diaphragm wall "two walls in one" combined with the temporary support system in the pit, the underground diaphragm wall is also used as the basement exterior wall, which saves the workload of the conventional basement exterior wall, reduces the space occupied by the enclosure, and reduces the earthwork excavation. Dig and backfill. However, reinforced concrete supports or steel supports need to be set up as temporary horizontal supports for each underground floor, and temporary columns need to be set for each underground floor, which can only be dismantled after the main structure is completed and can bear force.

3. The support structure and the main structure are comprehensively combined into a system. The enclosure structure adopts the underground continuous wall of "two walls in one". The horizontal beam and slab system of the underground structure replaces the horizontal support. Using the upside-down method for construction, because the temporary support is canceled, there is no need to consider temporary replacement of the support, which is significantly improved compared with the above system, but the underground diaphragm wall is expensive and the construction quality is unstable, requiring special machinery for construction. Among the four combination methods of "two walls in one" between the underground continuous wall and the basement exterior wall, the separation wall, overlapping wall, and composite prefabricated arch wall still need to set up an external wall of the main structure, even if it is a single wall. In combination, in order to solve the problem of anti-seepage of the underground diaphragm wall, it is still necessary to install high-pressure jet grouting piles on the outer side of the groove width joints of the underground diaphragm wall, and to install structural pilasters and inner lining walls on the inner side to form a moisture-proof space, and through the diversion Ditches and standpipes lead the accumulated water to the sump for discharge. Therefore, the real "two walls in one" effect has not been achieved, and the cost is still relatively large.

The outstanding effect of optimizing the composite prefabricated arch wall is as follows:

1. Optimizing the composite prefabricated arch wall saves a foundation pit support wall and expands the usable area. The thickness of the present invention is relatively thin, about 1/2-1/3 of the underground continuous wall. The hollowed-out area inside saves concrete and increases usable space. If the height of a single storey is less than 4m, there is generally no need to set up square concealed beams, and it is only necessary to set up 3 vertical steel bars at the junction of two adjacent arch pieces, which are connected with the upper and lower ring beams, and the saving of steel is very significant.

2. Building optimized composite prefabricated arch walls The prefabricated arch pieces weigh 50kg each, which is convenient for quick installation, and can be stressed immediately after pouring concrete. The prefabricated arch piece can withstand the pressure of 400KPa immediately even if the pumped concrete behind the prefabricated arch wall has not yet solidified. Moreover, as the pumped concrete is compacted and strengthened, the load-bearing capacity is further increased. The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall can bear the force in just a few hours from excavation to installation, which not only reduces the exposure time of the soil, but also adapts to the growth of soil pressure, effectively reducing the deformation of the soil and the impact on the surrounding area. It is suitable for densely built areas.

3. The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall does not need formwork, the inner formwork is a 6cm thick optimized arch piece, and the outer formwork is an earthen formwork. Concrete is in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to increasing cohesion and friction, and improving bearing and earthquake resistance.

4. The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall produces a horizontal thrust perpendicular to it under the action of horizontal earth pressure, so that the concealed column is clamped by the horizontal thrust of the prefabricated arch piece, and the bending resistance of the concealed column is improved.

5. Using the beam-slab structure instead of the horizontal internal support system, and using the soil formwork, it saves about 80% of formwork and support compared with the foundation pit method.

6. The wall does not need to be sloped, which reduces the workload of over-excavation and backfilling.

7. After the underground space is formed, it can be fully utilized, which solves the problem of narrow construction sites.

8. Construction under the protection of the roof is beneficial to safety, reducing environmental noise and dust, and facilitating normal construction in winter and rainy seasons.

9. Optimizing the composite prefabricated arch wall, in addition to the reasonable force bearing function, waterproof and drainage function, and stress adjustment function, the interior space saved by the pre-arch piece is used to play the function of waterproof and drainage; light grooves, decoration functions; heat insulation, ventilation, waterproof Infiltration, moisture-proof and other functions and noise reduction.

10. The ground is being worked on, the underground is reversed, and the construction is carried out at the same time, and the construction period is advanced, creating conditions for the vertical phased construction.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of the present invention does not need to excavate the foundation pit, does not need the underground continuous wall, does not need special support, retaining wall or geotechnical reinforcement method, but relies on the comprehensive combination of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall and the main structure, the foundation pit enclosure wall and The external walls of the structure are combined into one, without setting up a temporary enclosure wall. Basement beam-slab column piles are used as a support system without adding a temporary support system. Through scientific and reasonable construction, the method of quickly and reliably replacing underground space can automatically realize foundation pit support, structural self-stabilization, reduce and prevent surrounding soil deformation and displacement, and ensure the safety and quality of underground engineering or underground parts of high-rise buildings. , Reduce the cost, shorten the construction period, protect the environment and save resources. Therefore, it can be applied to basements of high-rise buildings, large underground shopping malls and underground parking lots, subway stations and underground transportation hubs, underground substations, etc.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall has been used in the multi-functional earth-covered residential buildings on the hillside of Wulipu in Lanzhou City, the underground auditorium in Lanzhou Garrison District, the earth-covered solar house building in Gaolan Mountain of Gansu Provincial Construction Department, the earth-covered solar house building in Baita Mountain of Lanzhou Construction Committee, and the underground building in Lanzhou Dongfanghong The shopping mall has been successfully implemented; among them, the underground auditorium in Lanzhou Police District has a construction area of 2183m2 and a span of 20.26m; it is a large-span building with two floors on the ground and the first floor on the ground. frame, saving 65.5% of concrete compared with similar projects. The hollowed-out part of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is used as the toilet and dressing room, which expands the usable area with a utilization rate of 86%.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated arch.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second prefabricated arch piece,

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the third prefabricated arch piece,

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an improved structure of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an improved structure of Fig. 2,

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an improved structure of Fig. 3,

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the arch piece steel skeleton,

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure of the thin rib plate in Fig. 2,

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall section,

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the external connection elevation of the prefabricated arch wall,

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of capping with a capping sheet,

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of capping with a reinforcing sheet,

Fig. 13 is an overall structural diagram of building a basement with an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall,

Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 13 .

In the figure: 1-arch plate, 101-connecting rib, 102-tie groove, 2-connecting hole, 3-steel skeleton, 4-thin rib, 5-drainage hole, 6-concrete, 7-grouting hole, 8-main reinforcement, 801-hook, 9-anchor handling reinforcement, 901-folding hook, 10-distribution reinforcement, 11-thin rib reinforcement, 1101-ring reinforcement, 1102-thin rib distribution reinforcement, 12-concealed column main reinforcement , 13- cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall, 14- reserved shoulder sand layer, 15- surrounding rock soil mold, 16- tie beam, ring beam or lintel, 17- column or column pile, 18- floor slab, 19- Horizontal support beam, 20-waterproof decorative board, 21-bottom basement floor, 22-foundation gutter, 23-foundation, 24-anti-arch plate, 25-expansion waterstop, 26-drainage pipe, 27-stress at the crack Adjust the tie bars, 28-concealed columns: 29-strengthen the tie bars, 30-prefabricated arch walls, 31-connecting bolts,

Specific Embodiments Embodiment 1 As shown in Figure 1: a multifunctional prefabricated arch piece provided in this embodiment is a common piece of the present invention, and it includes an arch plate 1 and connecting ribs 101 provided at both ends, see Fig. 7. Both the arch slab 1 and the connecting rib 101 include a steel frame 3 and concrete 6 covering the periphery of the steel frame 3, see Figure 9; the steel frame 3 includes two main bars 8 and seven bars fixed between the two main bars 8 Distributing ribs 10, the two ends of the main ribs 8 are provided with hooks 801 that extend out from the rear end face of the rib concrete and bend outwards, and the middle distribution ribs 10 are provided with hooks 801 that extend from the back of the arch plate 1 and extend to the left and right sides. The anchoring and transporting tendons 9 are provided with folding hooks 901 bent toward the center line at the protruding ends of the anchoring transporting ribs 9 ; the connecting ribs 101 are provided with connecting holes 2 . Anchoring and carrying muscle 9 are for handling hoisting and anchoring. During installation, the connecting bolts pass through the connecting holes 2 of the adjacent arch pieces to connect the adjacent arch pieces into one, and the connecting bolts can also be used as fixing parts during decoration. The rise-span ratio of the present invention is preferably a flat arch less than 1/8, which belongs to the arch in the approach area of the arch. In this way, it not only has greater adaptability to load distribution changes, but also has large axial force and small eccentricity, which is conducive to transforming the bending and tensile damage of the structure caused by lateral earth pressure into compressive damage, greatly improving the bearing capacity.

Embodiment 2 As shown in Figure 2: In order to improve the overall rigidity of the arch, the multifunctional prefabricated arch provided in this embodiment has a thin rib 4 added to one side of the arch 1 to improve the rigidity of the arch. Overall rigidity; referring to Fig. 8, the thin-rib 4 comprises the thin-rib reinforcement 11 and the thin-rib concrete coated on the thin-rib reinforcement 11, and the thin-rib reinforcement 11 is composed of ring bars 1101 and fixed in ring bars 1101 Thin ribs are distributed with ribs 1102.

The thin ribs 4 can also be arranged on both sides of the arch 1 . The thickness of the thin ribs 4 is 25mm.

This kind of arch piece provided with thin rib plate 4 is called reinforcement piece, and it is used for the position with larger stress, such as extremely poor geological conditions, large pressure change of surrounding rock, and difficult to predict the lot. When the floor height exceeds 4m, one or several layers of reinforcing sheets can also be added in the middle of the wall.

As a perfection of this embodiment, the middle part of the thin rib plate 4 is provided with a drain hole 5, in case there is a small amount of water seepage in a certain underground layer, the seepage water can be discharged to the bottom drainage channel through the drain hole 5 and flow to the sump to get rid of.

Embodiment 3 The multi-functional prefabricated arch piece provided in this embodiment is called a capping piece, and its structure is shown in Figure 3: a grouting hole 7 is provided on one side of the middle of the arch plate 1, and the topping piece is used for building masonry On the uppermost layer of the outer walls of each basement floor, after the installation of the uppermost arch piece is completed, grout the grouting hole 7, and the concrete pouring at the shoulder position will be compacted.

The optimal specifications of the multifunctional prefabricated arches provided by each embodiment are: length 1m, width 30cm, thickness 6cm, and sagittal height 10cm.

As a perfection of the prefabricated arch, see Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 : the connecting rib 101 is provided with a tendon groove 102 on the outside. This structure is used in places where the geological conditions are extremely poor and the surrounding rock changes greatly, and it is difficult to predict. It is used to adjust the vertical stress and prevent uneven force.

Embodiment 4 As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10: an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall combined with a supporting structure and a main structure, characterized in that: the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall includes a prefabricated arch wall 30 and a cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall 13. The working joints of the prefabricated arch wall 30 and the working joints of the cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall are staggered; the cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall 13 is set between the outer side of the prefabricated arch wall 30 and the surrounding rock soil mold 15; the prefabricated arch wall 30 is composed of multiple The upper, lower, left and right sides of the prefabricated arch pieces are fixedly connected to each other; the main reinforcement 12 of the concealed column is vertically arranged at the hook 801 of the two adjacent prefabricated arch pieces in the horizontal direction from bottom to top, and each floor below the ground and each arch piece The hooks 801 of two adjacent prefabricated arches are cross-fixed to the main reinforcement 12 of the hidden column, and the connecting holes 2 of the two adjacent prefabricated arches are installed with connecting bolts 31 to fix the two adjacent prefabricated arches; Through the connection hole 2, several nearby prefabricated arch pieces can be tied and fixed together with longer arch inner tension bars 27; to exert the joint force of each piece and prevent the occurrence of cracks; the connecting ribs of the prefabricated arch pieces 101. The concrete layer between the main reinforcement 12 of the concealed column and the soil mold 15 of the surrounding rock constitutes the concealed column 28 .

Utilize the crotch 801 of the main rib 8 of the arch sheet to cross through the main rib 12 of the concealed column to play the role of a stirrup. The main rib 12 of the hidden column extends into the upper and lower end ring beams or lintels. The concealed column 28 composed of the connecting rib 101 of the prefabricated arch piece, the concrete layer between the main reinforcement of the concealed column 12 and the surrounding rock soil mold 15 is an integral part for improving and optimizing the stress of the composite prefabricated arch wall. After the installation of the arch piece is completed, the arch piece is used as the inner mold, the stratum is the soil mold as the outer mold, and after the cast-in-place waterproof concrete is poured, the concealed column is automatically formed, which is one of the main components to bear the lateral pressure and vertical load.

For individual parts where the lateral pressure is very large and the distribution is extremely uneven, as a perfection of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall, see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10: the reinforcement ties 29 are fixedly connected to two adjacent prefabricated arches in different arch layers The folded hook 901 place that the anchoring and handling rib 9 of the sheet exposes constitutes a rhombus reinforcement mesh. In order to enhance and optimize the overall effect of the composite prefabricated arch wall, solve the problem of uneven force.

See Fig. 13: As a further improvement of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall, expansion waterstop strips 25 are provided at the vertical joints of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall.

Figure 11 shows the shoulder-cutting treatment method of the capping sheet for the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall: when the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is poured to the uppermost layer, in addition to ensuring the quality of the main reinforcement welding or lap joint of the concealed column, grouting can be done through the capping sheet The pressure of hole 7 is poured into the dry hard fine stone concrete or expansive concrete higher than the component label level, which ensures that the concrete at shoulder 14 is full and compact.

Figure 12 shows the shoulder-cutting treatment method of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall: the arch is not installed on the uppermost layer, but the inverted reinforcing arch is used on the next layer, and the dry hardness of one level higher than the component label is directly used manually. The fine stone waterproof concrete or expanded waterproof concrete is filled and compacted, and the concrete is filled while smashing with a hammer to ensure that the concrete at the shoulder 14 is full and dense. To the inner edge of the wall and then set up a local plane formwork to increase the waterproof thickness of the top.

Embodiment 5 As shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14: a basement using optimized composite prefabricated arch walls as exterior walls, including exterior walls, basement columns 17, horizontal support beams 19, connecting beams, ring beams or lintels 16, Floor slab 18, foundation 23 and bottom slab 21 of the basement; it is characterized in that: it also includes anti-arch slab 24 below the bottom slab 21 of the basement; the outer wall is an optimized composite prefabricated arch formed by prefabricated arch wall 30 and cast-in-situ waterproof concrete wall 13 Wall; the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall on this floor is fixed with connecting beams, ring beams or lintels, the connecting beams, ring beams or lintels are pre-embedded with drain pipes 26, and the foundation 23 is a strip-shaped structure located at the bottom of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall The foundation 23, the strip foundation 23 is provided with an inclined surface inclined to the indoor direction, and the slope is provided with a drain 22; the strip foundation 23 is docked with the anti-arch plate 24, and the concave surface of the anti-arch plate 24 faces the bottom basement floor 21, between the two The drainage channel is formed between them, and the drainage channel is connected with the sump.

As a perfection of the basement, a waterproof decorative board 20 is installed on the inner side of the prefabricated arch wall 30 for indoor heat preservation, moisture insulation and aesthetic decoration.

As a further improvement of the basement, in order to increase the bearing capacity of the bottom basement floor 21 , a low wall is laid between the bottom basement floor 21 and the anti-arch plate 24 as the supporting wall of the bottom basement floor 21 .

As a further improvement of the basement, in order to prevent groundwater from causing the anti-arch slab 24 to float, gravel is placed on the anti-arch slab 24, and the blind ditch between the gravel gaps is used as a drainage ditch.

As a further improvement of the basement, expansion water-stop strips 25 are installed between 24 adjacent anti-arch panels.

The optimized composite prefabricated arch wall is not only small, flexible, and economical, but also does not require special machinery and pre-construction. It uses the prefabricated arch piece as the inner mold and the surrounding rock soil mold as the outer mold. Excavation construction completed. When optimizing the construction of composite prefabricated arch walls, use the method of building small tunnel side walls, adhere to the principle of "following the process closely", and advance the completion layer by layer and segment by segment. According to the principle of overall reverse operation and layered normal operation.

Claims (6)

1. A basement that utilizes optimized composite prefabricated arch walls as exterior walls, including exterior walls, basement columns/column piles, horizontal support beams, tie beams or ring beams or lintels, floor slabs, foundations and bottom basement floor plates; its characteristics In that: it also includes an anti-arch slab (24) located under the bottom slab (21) of the basement; the outer wall is an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall composed of a prefabricated arch wall (30) and a cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall (13); the prefabricated arch wall The working joints of (30) and the working joints of the cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall (13) are mutually staggered; the cast-in-place waterproof concrete wall (13) is arranged between the outer side of the prefabricated arch wall (30) and the surrounding rock soil mold (15); The prefabricated arch wall (30) is composed of a plurality of prefabricated arch pieces, upper, lower, left and right, which are fixedly connected to each other; the main reinforcement of the concealed column (12) is vertically arranged on the hooks ( 801), the hooks (801) of two adjacent prefabricated arches on each floor below the ground and each arch layer are cross-fixed to the main reinforcement (12) of the concealed column, and the connecting holes (2) of the adjacent two prefabricated arches are installed with connecting bolts (31), the adjacent two prefabricated arches are fixedly connected or/and the stress adjustment tie bars (27) at the cracks are used to fix several nearby prefabricated arches together; the connecting ribs (101) of the prefabricated arches 1. The concrete layer between the main reinforcement of the concealed column (12) and the surrounding rock soil mold (15) constitutes the concealed column (28); the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall of this floor is fixed with connecting beams, ring beams or lintels (16). Tie beams, ring beams or lintels (16) are pre-embedded with drainage pipes (26), the foundation (23) is a strip foundation (23) located at the bottom of the optimized composite prefabricated arch wall, and the strip foundation (23) is provided with drainage channels (22); the strip foundation (23) is docked with the anti-arch plate (24), and the concave surface of the anti-arch plate (24) is towards the bottom basement floor (21), forming a drainage channel between the two, and the drainage channel is communicated with the sump. 2. A basement utilizing an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as an outer wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the strip foundation (23) is provided with an inclined plane inclined toward the indoor direction, and said drain groove is provided on the inclined plane (twenty two). 3. A basement using an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as an outer wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: a waterproof decorative board (20) is installed on the inner side of the prefabricated arch wall (30). 4. A basement using an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as an outer wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a low wall is laid between the bottom basement floor (21) and the anti-arch plate (24). 5. A basement utilizing an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as an outer wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: gravel is placed on the anti-arch plate (24), and the blind ditch between the gravel gaps as a gutter. 6. A basement using an optimized composite prefabricated arch wall as an outer wall as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: expansion water-stop strips (25) are installed between adjacent anti-arch plates (24).

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