CN101910755B

CN101910755B - Cooling device

Info

Publication number: CN101910755B
Application number: CN2008801225058A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裘德·鲍威尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-10-24
Filing date: 2008-10-23
Publication date: 2013-05-29
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-23
Also published as: JP2011502238A; WO2009053746A1; US20100242498A1; AU2008315755A1; CN101910755A; GB0720939D0; EP2245390A1

Abstract

A cooling device is based on the cooling effect exhibited by high-voltage, 4 4.5kV, unidirectional pulses discharging across a spark gap (2-13) in less than 100 ns. The cooling effect is extended spatially by an emitter (2-12) comprising two (3-2,3-4) coaxial metallic tubes that are electrically isolated from the spark gap electrodes. Such a device is particularly suitable for air conditioning in both residential and transport applications.

Description

Cooling device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the adjustment field and relate to particularly equipment for cooling sealing or limited space.

Background technology

The well-known cooling device that is used for the space of room, car or other sealing is maintained comfortable temperature.Great majority are based on can be in conjunction with the air cooled forced air system of certain form of employing.The common thermodynamics that condenses and evaporate based on refrigerant gas of cooling.When gas is condensed into liquid, to the environment heat release, when liquid evaporation, absorb heat.Vaporization/condensation cycles through the compression processing and drives.In traditional air-conditioning unit, the mechanical power drive compression that is usually provided by motor is processed.Alternately, by for example absorption or the absorption of ammonia (or adsorbate) of refrigerant gas, solid-state or liquid/solid adsorbent drives adsorption plant.

The subject matter of the air handling system of these prior aries is that their operation power consumption is large.Effectively operation needs a large amount of electric energy usually, and generating itself has probably caused infringement to environment.Although provide some to improve based on the equipment of sorption cycle, this technology is also immature and only developed utility device seldom.Along with for example the nations of China and India is to the increasing substantially of the demand of air-conditioning unit in the country of constantly warming, it is severe that the burden that supply of electric power is born becomes.Correspondingly the requirement of the energy-conservation raising of the apparatus of air conditioning constantly increased.Particularly, more energy-conservation system provides the possibility of its infrastructure operation that is independent of electrical network.This is so that it not only is adapted at remote districts uses but also be adapted at mobile environment and for example use in the car of subterranean railway.

Another problem that the prior art cooling device presents is the potential danger characteristic of employed refrigerant gas.Ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, HFC and carbon dioxide all are used in the cooling system.If for example use in basement or the car in limited space, adopt the potential risk of this material certainly more remarkable.The CO2 emissions of the cooling device of most of prior art are higher, and this further endangers environment.

Correspondingly, for providing the demand that compares the cooling device of the more friendly alternative form of environment with cooling device well known in the prior art constantly to increase.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of cooling device, it comprises the high voltage source that is connected in gap and is controlled by timing means, wherein, power supply and timing means are arranged to produce the one-way high-pressure pulse of crossing over the gap discharge with short and regular pulse shock, and this equipment also comprises near the electrode that is positioned gap and with the transmitter of its electric insulation.

Equipment according to the present invention has produced a kind of high-voltage direct-current pulse power, and this high-voltage direct-current pulse power discharged by discharging gap less than the pulse shock of 100 nanoseconds with the very short preferably duration.The result of this process is to extract heat from gap environment on every side.The cooling effect height is confined to around the discharge spark, so transmitter is used to provide the device of delocalization.Namely, transmitter is distributed in cooling effect in the larger volume.

Cooling device according to this principle operation is fully not identical with known cooling device of the prior art.This equipment is based on the cooling effect that produces by high-voltage discharge, yet prior art equipment is based on refrigerant condenses/vaporization cycle.

Known, high-voltage discharge can cause cooling.At occurring in nature, observed the cooling of attacking atmosphere in the zone at lightning.Also in being connected in the large coil of cold cathode arc switch, measure drop in temperature.This effect be considered to by tissue (or condensing) Wave energy for example heat wave kinetic energy or quantum wave energy at zero point (the zero point energy field ZPEF) causes.The pulse breakdown of high voltage source is the ZPEF of EVAC, and this causes absorbing heat around it.Namely, excited refrigeration from ZPEF.Utilize the equipment of this effect can be used to cool off the space that this equipment is positioned at.

In the situation of the cold-producing medium that does not use potential danger, advantageously realized refrigeration based on the cooling device of this principle.And the necessary energy that produces the discharge that is fit to is far smaller than the necessary energy of the traditional refrigeration plant of operation.Can easily this device build be become, in the situation that realizes same effect, the energy that this equipment consumes is less than 1% of present energy that air-cooled technology is used.

This equipment has many application, is mainly used in filed of air conditioning.Except the environment authentication, equipment of the present invention can be far smaller than present available air-conditioning unit.This so that its movably or impermanent place train for example, automobile, the application in ship and the van is more attractive.

For cooling effect is provided, preferably, high voltage source is configured to provide at least 3 kilovolts and the voltage of at least 4 kilovolts more preferably.

High voltage source can comprise middle voltage source, be used for regularly take the pressure pulse from power supply the timing control apparatus of the power of output, be arranged to the pressure pulses switch as the transformer of high-voltage pulse be arranged to high-voltage pulse is converted to the rectifier of one way signal.This set means most of pulse shaping and processes and carry out under middle pressure condition.Can control high-tension parts production cost and more increase and suffer the puzzlement of stability problem.By at first operating under middle pressure condition, therefore more cheaply, more stable, electronic unit obtains easily, and this is so that the cooling device operation is more reliable and construction cost is lower.

Middle voltage source self can comprise for the memory device with the pressure stored charge, and memory device discharges by the operation of timing control apparatus.Memory device can be capacitor or capacitance group.The electric capacity that is fit to can be about 50 microfarads, and are preferably about 47 microfarads.It alternately is inductor.

Capacitor is preferably by circuit charging, this circuit comprises low-tension supply, be arranged to from low-tension supply produce AC signal impulse generator, be arranged to the low pressure input is converted to pressure output the second transformer and to be arranged to the AC signal input rectifying be the rectifier of direct current output.

Gap preferably includes the first electrode and the second electrode that is sealed in the chamber and is separated by clearance for insulation.Annular seal space stops electrode contaminated, and this pollution may suppress discharge spark and produce.

It is dome-shaped that electrode is preferably, and this limitation that hinders the specified point place spark radiation on their surfaces also prolongs their life-span thus.

More preferably, electrode is made by the steel that applies chromium or nickel.Can be filled with argon gas or other inert gas that is fit in the chamber.

Transmitter can comprise interior thin-walled coaxial pipe and the outer thin-walled coaxial pipe of coaxially installing around the electrode connecting lead wire.Therefore these pipes should be for good electric conductors and are preferably made by metal or ceramic material with high conductivity.Metal is usually more cheap, thus preferable alloy.

Manage preferably to have and be approximately 6 millimeters to inside diameter and 7 millimeters length to 20 millimeters scopes of 14 millimeters scopes.

In second aspect, the invention provides the method that produces cooling effect, the method comprises the following steps:

(a) repeatedly apply high voltage, unidirectional electrical pulse between the pair of electrodes in gaseous environment, thus so that between electrode, produce spark; And

(b) spread the cooling effect that causes by producing spark by near the transmitter that is positioned the electrode.

Pulse is preferably the voltage that is higher than 4 kilovolts and its duration less than 100 nanoseconds.

Description of drawings

Only in the mode of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, will describe cooling device constructed in accordance in detail now, wherein:

Fig. 1 is for producing the general process of the spark that can obtain the environment cools effect.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that is suitable for producing the circuit design of cooling discharge.

Fig. 3 is the detailed view of gap and transmitter.

Fig. 4 is the detailed circuit design for generation of the spark that is suitable for obtaining cooling effect.

The specific embodiment

At first with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, show the performed step of cooling device according to the present invention and employed circuit block.In first step 1, produced the unidirectional medium DC voltage that is approximately 225 volts and it has been stored in (Fig. 2) among the control capacitor 2-6.Alternately, can use the capacitor group.

In step 2, capacitor 2-6 primary coil (Fig. 2) discharge to the first step-up transformer 2-9 under the control of timer circuit 2-8 is approximately 4500 volts alternating-current pulse with generation.

In step 3, rectification from 4.5 kilovolts the output of the first step-up transformer 2-9 to produce the high voltage unidirectional pulse.

In step 4, make pulsed discharge by near the gap 2-13 that is positioned the transmitter 2-12 with very short, the pulse shock of duration less than 100 nanoseconds.Transmitter 2-12 will be scattered by the cooling effect of pulsed discharge excitation or spread apart.Therefore this extract heat from transmitter/gap surrounding environment, thereby reduce environment temperature.In typical the application, the equipment that comprises transmitter 2-12 and gap 2-13 will be placed on indoor and this effect and be used to air in the cooling chamber.

With reference now to Fig. 2,, will the electronic unit that impact for generation of unidirectional high voltage pulse be described in further detail, described unidirectional high voltage pulse impacts and causes cooling effect.Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic diagram that is suitable for producing in conjunction with transmitter pyrophoric circuit design, and described transmitter can be used for producing according to cooling device of the present invention.Producing the discharge spark key that is fit to is the discharge of control capacitor 2-6.

Low-voltage dc power supply 2-1, for example the rule power supply adaptor or battery, it is powered to square-wave generator 2-2, the output of described square-wave generator 2-2 is connected in the second step-up transformer 2-3.The input of bridge rectifier 2-4 is from the output of transformer 2-3, and the output of bridge rectifier 2-4 is connected with control capacitor 2-6 with the diode 2-5 of parallel connection.

These parts are used for as follows to capacitor 2-6 charging.Low-voltage dc power supply 2-1 generally provides 500 milliamperes the electric current of being approximately of 9V.Square-wave generator 2-2 is converted to square wave with this signal, and this square wave is applied to the second step-up transformer 2-3.This transformer 2-3 is configured to 9 volts input is converted to and is approximately 225 volts middle pressure output.Therefore the output signal from transformer 2-3 is the AC signal of about 225V.Bridge rectifier 2-4 is converted to direct current with this signal, and holds it in middle voltage levels, and diode 2-5 stops the reverse of electric current.Should middlely press the Unidirectional direct-current electricity to be stored in capacitor (or capacitor group) 2-6.Usually, the electric capacity that is provided by this capacitor or capacitor group is approximately 47 microfarads.

In case energy is stored among the capacitor 2-6, the discharge that is in this capacitor of middle voltage levels is the next step 2 (Fig. 1) in the process.The input of timing control circuit 2-8 and the first transformer 2-9 is connected in series in the output of capacitor 2-6.Timing circuit 2-8 thus regulating capacitor makes it to the primary coil discharge of transformer 2-9.If timing circuit 2-8 connects, electric current is from capacitor 2-6 discharge and input the first step-up transformer 2-9.If timing circuit 2-8 disconnects, allow control capacitor 2-6 to recharge as mentioned above.Timing circuit 2-8 is generally by its on/off of integrated circuit Timer Controlling transistor switch regularly, and it is set to allow the capacitor 2-6 discharge period to be about 15 microseconds or still less.The first step-up transformer 2-9 is configured to the medium level input voltage is risen to the high voltage output that is approximately 4500 volts.Under the control of timing circuit 2-8, this output is pulse.

Move to step 3, as shown in Figure 1, the high voltage alternating-current pulse of exporting from the second step-up transformer 2-9 is transfused to the second rectifier 2-10, and this second rectifier 2-10 is diode in this embodiment.Pulse is converted into the high-voltage direct-current signal about 4.5 kilovolts thus.Gap 2-13 is connected in from the rectification of the first transformer 2-9 in the mode in parallel with the second capacitor 2-11 and exports.Impact the discharge to gap 2-13 with short pulse after the rectified signal, its duration is controlled by circuit parameter, is mainly controlled by the induction coefficient of transformer 2-8 and the value of capacitor 2-11.The duration of pulse shock should be no more than for 100 nanoseconds.The coefficient of with due regard to less flexibility is the transformer induction coefficient for example, finds, for normal operation capacitor 2-11 should have electric capacity about 22 pico farads.Transmitter 2-12 be located near the gap 2-13 and with its electric insulation.Discharge pulse among the gap 2-13 impacts and causes the fluctuation of transmitter experience electrostatic energy, and the cooling cycle region.

Fig. 3 is the diagram that illustrates for the applicability design of gap 2-13 of the present invention and transmitter 2-12.Fig. 3 a shows side view, and Fig. 3 b is the viewgraph of cross-section of AA along the line, and Fig. 3 c is the viewgraph of cross-section of BB along the line.Gap 2-13 is formed by the first electrode 3-1a and the second electrode 3-1b that separate by the gap, and the gap is generally 0.7 millimeter.Electrode 3-1a and electrode 3-1b are cheese, generally are formed from steel and nickel coating or chromium.In preferred embodiment of the present invention, electrode is sealed in the ceramic chamber that comprises ar gas environment.Other inert gas outside the deacration also is fit to.Yet gap must be bubble-tight, in order to stop material to gather at electrode, this gathers and can hinder pulsed discharge.Under this electrode or similar electrode facilities, need to surpass 3000 volts voltage ability so that discharge current passes ambient gas, thereby cause between the end of electrode 3-1a and electrode 3-1b, producing spark.Because domed shape permission spark extends across the gap between the electrode, and be not restricted to the base position place on the electrode.This has prolonged the life-span of electrode.

Transmitter 2-12 be adjacent to the first electrode 3-1a and with its electric insulation.Transmitter 2-12 comprises around the electrode connecting lead wire and is co-axially mounted on electrode towards interior thin metallic tubd 3-2 and the outer thin metallic tubd 3-4 of the opposition side of gap 2-13 side.The plastic end cover 3-3 that is positioned to manage the two ends of 3-2 and pipe 3-4 is used for electric insulating tube and electrode and its lead-in wire.Pipe 3-2 and pipe 3-4 are generally made by electro-coppering or stainless steel.Inner tube 3-2 has the external diameter that is approximately 8 millimeters and is approximately 9 millimeters length.Outer tube 3-4 has the external diameter that is approximately 12 millimeters and is approximately 13 millimeters length.Radial clearance between the inwall of electrode 3-1a and inner tube 3-2 is at least 2 millimeters usually to stop spark to form in transmitter.The periphery that plastic end cover 3-3 extends beyond outer metal tube 3-4 is to stop spark to form between the cheese head of the outer wall of transmitter and electrode 3-1a.

In the running of this equipment, owing to cross over the pulse shock discharge of gap 2-13, emission organ pipe 3-2 and 3-4 begin electrostatic charging.Because the electrostatic charging of fluctuation, pipe produce the cooling effect that from surrounding environment, generally extracts the nature heat from air.

In order to make transmitter produce its effect, being applied to the pulse shock voltage of crossing over gap 2-13, to have specific feature be very important.Particularly, it must be to be at least 3 kilovolts of DC pulses that are preferably 4 kilovolts to impact.This voltage must discharge in the time-quantum method no longer than 100 nanoseconds.Have in the situation of these features, pulse shock will be to being positioned near the of gap 2-13 but with the transmitter 2-12 electrostatic charging of its electric insulation.

Fig. 4 is the detailed circuit design for the printed circuit board (PCB) of cooling device of the present invention.Low-voltage dc power supply 2-1 can be connected at the CN2 place this circuit.As discussed previously, this power supply provides easily by adjusting switched-mode power supply adapter or battery.Pad P1 and pad P2 allow to install external switch is supplied with this circuit with control power.Square-wave generator is represented by integrated circuit U1.Resistor R1, R2, R3 and R4, capacitor C1, C3 and C4, the square wave that diode D3 and D4 and transistor Q1 control are produced by U1.If suitably select the value of these parts, transistor Q1 will can be not overheated, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Indicated value provides and has guaranteed an infrequently example of overheated suitable combination of transistor Q1 among Fig. 4.At this circuit middle T1 is shown and represents the second step-up transformer 2-3, it is 1: 25 step-up transformer.Therefore the square wave that is produced by U1 is risen to (step 1, Fig. 1) the middle pressure by T1.Middle current voltage is by bridge rectifier BR1 (2-4) rectification.Diode D1 (2-5) stops electric current reverse.These parts that surrounded by square frame 4-1 in diagram are handled control capacitor 2-6 (C7 among Fig. 4) in the charging of middle pressure.

Middle pressure Unidirectional direct-current electricity is stored in capacitor C7 and is converted into the short pulse energy of regular frequency by the transistor Q2 of on-off circuit 2-8 and Fig. 4.When circuit was closed, resistor 2-7 (R8 and R9) guaranteed capacitor 2-6 (C7) discharge.Integrated circuit U2 and U3, resistor R5, R6 and R7, capacitor C4, C5, C8, C9 and C10, the switch of diode D9 and D10 control transistor Q2.This is corresponding to step 2 as shown in fig. 1.

Be high voltage from the short pulse (duration is approximately 15 microseconds) of capacitor 2-6 (C7) discharge by the first step-up transformer 2-9 (T2) rising, in this embodiment, the first step-up transformer 2-9 (T2) is 1: 20 transformer.High voltage and current by diode 2-10 (D2) halfwave rectifier to create high-voltage pulse.This high voltage pulse discharges with pulse shock, and by capacitor 2-11 (C6) control, the duration is less than 100 nanoseconds in gap 2-13 (FS1).The discharge of capacitor 2-6 (C7) and be increased to subsequently high voltage pulse and impact by the component controls shown in the square frame 4-2 among Fig. 4.

Diode D2 should be encapsulated in polyurethane or the Silicone Sealants to stop the expansion of high voltage corona.

In making up according to cooling device process of the present invention, the circuit shown in the load map 4 also connects in power supply.In case move this equipment, pulse shock is crossed over gap 2-13 discharge with about 300 hertz frequency.

For a person skilled in the art, it is apparent can the regulating circuit parameter changing the spark discharge feature, this will so that the impact cooling that can realize.Yet emission is very important so that speed as requested and voltage drive spark in control capacitor 2-6 to guarantee that enough stored energies are arranged to consider to change circuit.Namely, the live part of circuit 4-1 must be able to provide discharge portion 4-2 needed energy.For example, increase the discharge frequency of crossing over gap and will increase the cooling that can realize.Yet, owing to require control capacitor 2-6 to provide the frequency of energy to accelerate to gap, should increase gross energy storage (1/2CV ²).Must be careful when increasing this energy, transformer 2-3 and transformer 2-9 are unsaturated, thus so that hydraulic performance decline.As the second example, find that generation can provide the spark of cooling, require threshold voltage to be at least 3 kilovolts.Increase this voltage and usually improve cooling performance, but this effect reaches capacity in the time of about 4.5 kilovolts to 5 kilovolts.

Claims

1. one kind comprises and is connected in gap (2-13) and by the cooling device of the high voltage source of timing means (2-11) control, wherein, described gap (2-13) comprises the pair of electrodes (3-1a that is in the gaseous environment, 3-1b), described high voltage source and described timing means (2-11) are arranged to produce the one-way high-pressure pulse, described one-way high-pressure pulse is applied in described electrode (3-1a, 3-1b), when crossing over described gap (2-13) discharge with short and regular pulse shock, described pulse between described electrode, produces spark thus, and described cooling device also comprises the transmitter (2-12) that the cooling effect by pulsed discharge excitation is scattered or spreads apart, described transmitter is positioned near the electrode (3-1a) of described gap and comprises interior thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-2) and outer thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-4), described interior thin-walled coaxial pipe and described outer thin-walled coaxial pipe also comprise plastic end cover (3-3) at its two ends, so that the electric insulation with described electrode (3-1a) to be provided.

2. cooling device according to claim 1, wherein, described high voltage source is set to provide at least 3 kilovolts voltage.

3. cooling device according to claim 2, wherein, described high voltage source is set to provide at least 4 kilovolts voltage.

4. according to the described cooling device of arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein, described timing means (2-11) is arranged to discharge is limited in the time-quantum method less than 100 nanoseconds.

5. each described cooling device in 3 according to claim 1, wherein, described high voltage source comprise middle voltage source, be used for regularly take pressure pulse power of voltage source output from described timing control apparatus (2-8), be arranged to described middle pressure pulses switch as the transformer (2-9) of high-voltage pulse be arranged to described high-voltage pulse is converted to the rectifier (2-10) of one way signal.

6. cooling device according to claim 5, wherein, described timing control apparatus comprises transistor (Q2).

7. cooling device according to claim 5, wherein, described middle voltage source comprises for the memory device (2-6) with the pressure stored charge, and described memory device discharges by the operation of described timing control apparatus (2-8).

8. cooling device according to claim 7, wherein, described memory device is capacitor (2-6).

9. cooling device according to claim 7, wherein, described memory device is the capacitor group.

10. according to claim 8 or 9 described cooling devices, wherein, described capacitor (2-6) or described capacitor group are by circuit as described below charging: described circuit comprises low-tension supply (2-1), be arranged to from described low-tension supply produce AC signal impulse generator (2-2), be arranged to the low pressure input is converted to pressure output the second transformer (2-3) and to be arranged to the AC signal input rectifying be the rectifier (2-4,2-5) that direct current is exported.

11. each described cooling device in 3 according to claim 1, wherein, described pair of electrodes (3-1a, 3-1b) comprises the first electrode (3-1a) and the second electrode (3-1b), and described the first electrode and described the second electrode are sealed in the chamber and by clearance for insulation to be separated.

12. cooling device according to claim 11, wherein, described electrode (3-1a, 3-1b) is dome-shaped.

13. cooling device according to claim 11, wherein, described electrode is made by the steel that applies chromium or nickel.

14. cooling device according to claim 11, wherein, described chamber is filled with inert gas.

15. cooling device according to claim 14, wherein, described inert gas is argon gas.

16. each described cooling device in 3 according to claim 1, wherein, described interior thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-2) and described outer thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-4) are made by the material with satisfactory electrical conductivity, and coaxially install around the electrode connecting lead wire.

17. cooling device according to claim 16, wherein, described material with satisfactory electrical conductivity is pottery or metal material.

18. each described cooling device in 3 according to claim 1, wherein, the interior diameter of described interior thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-2) and described outer thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-4) is in 6 millimeters to 14 millimeters scopes.

19. cooling device according to claim 18, wherein, the length of described interior thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-2) and described outer thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-4) is in 7 millimeters to 20 millimeters scopes.

20. a method that produces cooling effect, described method comprises the following steps:

(a) repeatedly apply high voltage, unidirectional electrical pulse between the pair of electrodes in gaseous environment, thus so that between described electrode, produce spark; And

(b) spread the cooling effect that causes by producing spark by near the transmitter that is positioned the described electrode, described transmitter comprises interior thin-walled coaxial pipe and outer thin-walled coaxial pipe, described interior thin-walled coaxial pipe and described outer thin-walled coaxial pipe also comprise plastic end cover at its two ends, so that the electric insulation with described electrode to be provided.

21. method according to claim 20, wherein, the described pulse duration is higher than 3 kilovolts less than 100 nanoseconds and its voltage.