CN101910755A

CN101910755A - Cooling device

Info

Publication number: CN101910755A
Application number: CN2008801225058A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裘德·鲍威尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-10-24
Filing date: 2008-10-23
Publication date: 2010-12-08
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-23
Also published as: EP2245390A1; WO2009053746A1; GB0720939D0; AU2008315755A1; JP2011502238A; US20100242498A1; CN101910755B

Abstract

A cooling device is based on the cooling effect exhibited by high-voltage, 4 4.5kV, unidirectional pulses discharging across a spark gap (2-13) in less than 100 ns. The cooling effect is extended spatially by an emitter (2-12) comprising two (3-2,3-4) coaxial metallic tubes that are electrically isolated from the spark gap electrodes. Such a device is particularly suitable for air conditioning in both residential and transport applications.

Description

Cooling device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the adjustment field and relate to the equipment that is used to cool off space sealing or limited particularly.

Background technology

Be used for the space of room, car or other sealing is maintained the cooling device of comfortable temperature as everyone knows.Great majority are based on can be in conjunction with the air cooled forced air system of certain form of employing.The common thermodynamics that condenses and evaporate of cooling based on refrigerant gas.When gas is condensed into liquid,, when liquid evaporates, absorb heat to the environment heat release.Vaporization/condensation cycles through the compression processing and drives.In traditional air-conditioning unit, the mechanical power drive compression that is provided by motor is handled usually.Alternately, by for example absorption or the absorption of ammonia (or adsorbate) of refrigerant gas, solid-state or liquid/solid adsorbent drives adsorption plant.

The subject matter of the air handling system of these prior aries is that their operation power consumption is big.Effectively operation needs a large amount of electric energy usually, and generating itself has caused infringement to environment probably.Although provide some to improve based on the equipment of sorption cycle, this technology is also immature and only developed utility device seldom.Along with for example the nations of China and India is to the increasing substantially of the demand of air-conditioning unit in the country of constantly warming, it is severe that the burden that supply of electric power is born becomes.Correspondingly the requirement to the energy-conservation raising of the apparatus of air conditioning constantly increases.Particularly, more energy-conservation system provides the possibility of its infrastructure that is independent of electrical network operation.This makes it not only be adapted at remote districts and uses but also be adapted at mobile environment and for example use in the car of subterranean railway.

Another problem that the prior art cooling device presents is the potential danger characteristic of employed refrigerant gas.Ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, HFC and carbon dioxide all are used in the cooling system.If for example use in basement or the car in limited space, adopt the potential risk of this material more remarkable certainly.The CO2 emissions of the cooling device of most of prior art are higher, and this further endangers environment.

Correspondingly, for providing the demand that compares the cooling device of the friendly more alternative form of environment with cooling device well known in the prior art constantly to increase.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of cooling device, it comprises the high voltage source that is connected in gap and is controlled by timing means, wherein, power supply and timing means are arranged to produce the one-way high-pressure pulse of crossing over the gap discharge with short and regular pulse shock, and this equipment also comprises near the electrode that is positioned gap and with the transmitter of its electric insulation.

Equipment according to the present invention has produced a kind of high-voltage direct-current pulse power, and this high-voltage direct-current pulse power discharged by discharging gap less than the pulse shock of 100 nanoseconds with the very short preferably duration.The result of this process is to extract heat from gap environment on every side.The cooling effect height is confined to around the discharge spark, so transmitter is used to provide the device of delocalization.Just, transmitter is distributed in cooling effect in the larger volume.

Cooling device and known cooling device of the prior art according to this principle operation are inequality fully.This equipment is based on the cooling effect that produces by high-voltage discharge, yet prior art equipment is based on refrigerant condenses/vaporization cycle.

Known, high-voltage discharge can cause cooling.At occurring in nature, observed the cooling of attacking atmosphere in the zone at lightning.Also having measured temperature in being connected in the big coil of cold cathode arc switch descends.This effect be considered to by tissue (or condensing) Wave energy for example heat wave kinetic energy or quantum wave energy at zero point (the zero point energy field ZPEF) causes.The pulse breakdown of high voltage source is with the ZPEF of EVAC, and this causes absorbing heat around it.Just, excited refrigeration from ZPEF.Utilize the equipment of this effect can be used to cool off the space that this equipment is positioned at.

Under the situation of the cold-producing medium that does not use potential danger, advantageously realized refrigeration based on the cooling device of this principle.And the necessary energy that produces the discharge that is fit to is far smaller than the necessary energy of the traditional refrigeration plant of operation.Can easily this device build be become, under the situation that realizes same effect, the energy that this equipment consumed is less than 1% of present energy that air-cooled technology is used.

This equipment has many application, is mainly used in filed of air conditioning.Except the environment authentication, equipment of the present invention can be far smaller than present available air-conditioning unit.This makes it movably or impermanent place train for example, automobile, and the application in ship and the van is more attractive.

For cooling effect is provided, preferably, high voltage source is configured to provide at least 3 kilovolts and the voltage of at least 4 kilovolts more preferably.

High voltage source can comprise middle voltage source, be used for regularly with the pressure pulse from the timing control apparatus of the power of power supply output, be arranged to the pressure pulses switch be the transformer of high-voltage pulse and the rectifier of being arranged to high-voltage pulse is converted to one way signal.This set means most of pulse shaping and handles and carry out under middle pressure condition.Can control high-tension parts production cost and more increase and suffer the puzzlement of stability problem.By at first operating under middle pressure condition, therefore more cheaply, more stable, electronic unit obtains easily, and this makes that the cooling device operation is reliable more and construction cost is lower.

Middle voltage source self can comprise the memory device that is used for the pressure stored charge, and memory device discharges by the operation of timing control apparatus.Memory device can be capacitor or capacitance group.The electric capacity that is fit to can be about 50 microfarads, and are preferably about 47 microfarads.It alternately is an inductor.

Capacitor is preferably by circuit charging, and this circuit comprises low-tension supply, to be arranged to produce the impulse generator of AC signal, press second transformer of output and be arranged to the AC signal input rectifying being arranged to the low pressure input is converted to from low-tension supply be the rectifier that direct current is exported.

Gap preferably includes first electrode and second electrode that is sealed in the chamber and is separated by clearance for insulation.Annular seal space stops electrode contaminated, and this pollution may suppress discharge spark and produce.

Electrode is preferably dome-shaped, and this limitation that hinders the specified point place spark radiation on their surfaces also prolongs their life-span thus.

More preferably, electrode is made by the steel that applies chromium or nickel.Can be filled with argon gas or other inert gas that is fit in the chamber.

Transmitter can comprise interior thin-walled coaxial pipe and the outer thin-walled coaxial pipe that connects the coaxially installation that goes between around electrode.Therefore these pipes should be for good electric conductors and are preferably made by metal or ceramic material with high conductivity.Metal is more cheap usually, thus preferable alloy.

Manage preferably to have and be approximately 6 millimeters inside diameter and 7 millimeters length to 20 millimeters scopes to 14 millimeters scopes.

In second aspect, the invention provides the method that produces cooling effect, this method comprises the following steps:

(a) repeatedly apply high voltage, unidirectional electrical pulse between the pair of electrodes in gaseous environment, make thus between electrode, to produce spark; And

(b) spread by producing the cooling effect that spark causes by near the transmitter that is positioned the electrode.

Pulse is preferably the voltage that is higher than 4 kilovolts and its duration less than 100 nanoseconds.

Description of drawings

Only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, will describe cooling device constructed in accordance in detail now in the mode of example, wherein:

Fig. 1 is for producing the general process of the spark that can obtain the environment cools effect.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that is suitable for producing the circuit design of cooling discharge.

Fig. 3 is the detailed view of gap and transmitter.

Fig. 4 is the detail circuits design that is used to produce the spark that is suitable for obtaining cooling effect.

The specific embodiment

At first, show performed step of cooling device according to the present invention and employed circuit block with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2.In first step 1, produced the unidirectional medium DC voltage that is approximately 225 volts and it has been stored in (Fig. 2) among the control capacitor 2-6.Alternately, can use the capacitor group.

In step 2, capacitor 2-6 primary coil (Fig. 2) discharge to the first step-up transformer 2-9 under the control of timer circuit 2-8 is approximately 4500 volts alternating-current pulse with generation.

In step 3, rectification from 4.5 kilovolts the output of the first step-up transformer 2-9 to produce the high voltage unidirectional pulse.

In step 4, make pulsed discharge with very short, the pulse shock of duration less than 100 nanoseconds by near the gap 2-13 that is positioned the transmitter 2-12.Transmitter 2-12 will be scattered by the cooling effect of pulsed discharge excitation or spread apart.Therefore this extract heat from transmitter/gap surrounding environment, thereby reduce environment temperature.In typical application, the equipment that comprises transmitter 2-12 and gap 2-13 will be placed on indoor and this effect and be used to air in the cooling chamber.

With reference now to Fig. 2,, be used to produce the electronic unit that unidirectional high voltage pulse impacts with describing in further detail, described unidirectional high voltage pulse impacts and causes cooling effect.Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic diagram that is suitable for producing in conjunction with transmitter the circuit design of spark, and described transmitter can be used for producing according to cooling device of the present invention.Producing the discharge spark key that is fit to is the discharge of control capacitor 2-6.

Low-voltage dc power supply 2-1, for example Gui Ze power supply adaptor or battery, square-wave generator 2-2 is given in its power supply, and the output of described square-wave generator 2-2 is connected in the second step-up transformer 2-3.The input of bridge rectifier 2-4 is from the output of transformer 2-3, and the output of bridge rectifier 2-4 is connected with control capacitor 2-6 with diode connected in parallel 2-5.

These parts are used for giving capacitor 2-6 charging as follows.Low-voltage dc power supply 2-1 generally provides 500 milliamperes the electric current of being approximately of 9V.Square-wave generator 2-2 is converted to square wave with this signal, and this square wave is applied to the second step-up transformer 2-3.This transformer 2-3 is configured to 9 volts input is converted to and is approximately 225 volts middle pressure output.Therefore the output signal from transformer 2-3 is the AC signal of about 225V.Bridge rectifier 2-4 is converted to direct current with this signal, and holds it in middle voltage levels, and diode 2-5 stops the reverse of electric current.Should middlely press unidirectional direct current to be stored in capacitor (or capacitor group) 2-6.Usually, the electric capacity that is provided by this capacitor or capacitor group is approximately 47 microfarads.

In case energy is stored among the capacitor 2-6, the discharge of this capacitor of voltage levels is the next step 2 (Fig. 1) in the process in being in.The input of the timing control circuit 2-8 and the first transformer 2-9 is connected in series in the output of capacitor 2-6.Timing circuit 2-8 regulating capacitor thus makes its primary coil discharge to transformer 2-9.If timing circuit 2-8 connects, electric current is from capacitor 2-6 discharge and import the first step-up transformer 2-9.If timing circuit 2-8 disconnects, allow control capacitor 2-6 to recharge as mentioned above.Timing circuit 2-8 is generally by integrated circuit timer and controls its on/off transistor switch regularly, and it is set to allow the capacitor 2-6 discharge period to be about 15 microseconds or still less.The first step-up transformer 2-9 is configured to the medium level input voltage is risen to the high voltage output that is approximately 4500 volts.Under the control of timing circuit 2-8, this output is pulse.

Move to step 3, as shown in Figure 1, the high voltage alternating-current pulse of exporting from the second step-up transformer 2-9 is transfused to the second rectifier 2-10, and this second rectifier 2-10 is a diode in this embodiment.Pulse is changed into the high-voltage direct-current signal about 4.5 kilovolts thus.Gap 2-13 is connected in from the rectification of the first transformer 2-9 in the mode in parallel with the second capacitor 2-11 and exports.Impact the discharge to gap 2-13 with short pulse after the rectified signal, its duration is controlled by circuit parameter, is mainly controlled by the induction coefficient of transformer 2-8 and the value of capacitor 2-11.The duration of pulse shock should be no more than for 100 nanoseconds.With due regard to the coefficient of less flexibility transformer induction coefficient is for example found, for normal operation capacitor 2-11 should have electric capacity about 22 pico farads.Transmitter 2-12 be located near the gap 2-13 and with its electric insulation.Discharge pulse among the gap 2-13 impacts and causes the fluctuation of transmitter experience electrostatic energy, and the cooling cycle region.

Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic sketch that the applicability design that is used for gap 2-13 of the present invention and transmitter 2-12 is shown.Fig. 3 a shows side view, and Fig. 3 b is the viewgraph of cross-section of AA along the line, and Fig. 3 c is the viewgraph of cross-section of BB along the line.Gap 2-13 is formed by the first electrode 3-1a and the second electrode 3-1b that separate by the gap, and the gap is generally 0.7 millimeter.Electrode 3-1a and electrode 3-1b are cheese, generally are formed from steel and nickel coating or chromium.In preferred implementation of the present invention, electrode is sealed in the ceramic chamber that comprises ar gas environment.Other inert gas outside the deacration also is fit to.Yet gap must be bubble-tight, so that stop material to gather on electrode, this gathers and can hinder pulsed discharge.Be provided with under the situation at this electrode or similar electrode, need voltage could make that discharge current passes ambient gas, thereby cause between the end of electrode 3-1a and electrode 3-1b, producing spark above 3000 volts.Because domed shape allows spark to extend across gaps between electrodes, and is not restricted to the base position place on the electrode.This has prolonged the life-span of electrode.

Transmitter 2-12 be adjacent to the first electrode 3-1a and with its electric insulation.Transmitter 2-12 comprise around electrode connect lead-in wire be co-axially mounted on electrode towards the interior thin metallic tubd 3-2 of the opposition side of gap 2-13 side and outside thin metallic tubd 3-4.The plastic end cover 3-3 that is positioned to manage the two ends of 3-2 and pipe 3-4 is used for electric insulating tube and electrode and its lead-in wire.Pipe 3-2 and pipe 3-4 are generally made by electro-coppering or stainless steel.Interior pipe 3-2 has the external diameter that is approximately 8 millimeters and is approximately 9 millimeters length.Outer tube 3-4 has the external diameter that is approximately 12 millimeters and is approximately 13 millimeters length.Radial clearance between the inwall of electrode 3-1a and interior pipe 3-2 is at least 2 millimeters usually to stop spark to form in transmitter.The periphery that plastic end cover 3-3 extends beyond outer metal tube 3-4 forms between the cheese head of the outer wall of transmitter and electrode 3-1a to stop spark.

In the running of this equipment, owing to cross over the pulse shock discharge of gap 2-13, emission organ pipe 3-2 and 3-4 begin electrostatic charging.Because the electrostatic charging of fluctuation, pipe produce the cooling effect that from surrounding environment, generally extracts the nature heat from air.

In order to make transmitter produce its effect, being applied to the pulse shock voltage of crossing over gap 2-13, to have specific feature be very important.Particularly, it must be to be at least 3 kilovolts of DC pulses that are preferably 4 kilovolts to impact.This voltage must discharge in the time-quantum method no longer than 100 nanoseconds.Have under the situation of these features, pulse shock will be to being positioned near the of gap 2-13 but with the transmitter 2-12 electrostatic charging of its electric insulation.

Fig. 4 is the detailed circuit design that is used for the printed circuit board (PCB) of cooling device of the present invention.Low-voltage dc power supply 2-1 can be connected in this circuit at the CN2 place.As discussed previously, this power supply provides easily by adjusting switched-mode power supply adapter or battery.Pad P1 and pad P2 allow to install external switch is supplied with this circuit with control power.Square-wave generator is represented by integrated circuit U1.Resistor R 1, R2, R3 and R4, capacitor C1, C3 and C4, the square wave that diode D3 and D4 and transistor Q1 control are produced by U1.If suitably select the value of these parts, transistor Q1 will can be not overheated, and this will be conspicuous to those skilled in the art.Indicated value provides and has guaranteed a transistor Q1 example of overheated suitable combination infrequently among Fig. 4.T1 represents the second step-up transformer 2-3 in this circuit illustrates, and it is 1: 25 a step-up transformer.Therefore the square wave that is produced by U1 is risen to (step 1, Fig. 1) the middle pressure by T1.Middle piezoelectricity stream is by bridge rectifier BR1 (2-4) rectification.Diode D1 (2-5) stops current reversal.These parts that surrounded by square frame 4-1 in diagrammatic sketch are handled the charging of control capacitor 2-6 (C7 among Fig. 4) in middle pressure.

The middle short pulse energy of pressing unidirectional direct current to be stored in capacitor C7 and being converted into regular frequency by the transistor Q2 of on-off circuit 2-8 and Fig. 4.When circuit was closed, resistor 2-7 (R8 and R9) guaranteed capacitor 2-6 (C7) discharge.Integrated circuit U2 and U3, resistor R 5, R6 and R7, capacitor C4, C5, C8, C9 and C10, the switch of diode D9 and D10 control transistor Q2.This is corresponding to step 2 as shown in fig. 1.

Be high voltage from the short pulse (duration is approximately 15 microseconds) of capacitor 2-6 (C7) discharge by the first step-up transformer 2-9 (T2) rising, in this embodiment, the first step-up transformer 2-9 (T2) is 1: 20 a transformer.High voltage and current by diode 2-10 (D2) halfwave rectifier to create high-voltage pulse.This high voltage pulse discharges with pulse shock, and by capacitor 2-11 (C6) control, the duration is less than 100 nanoseconds in gap 2-13 (FS1).The discharge of capacitor 2-6 (C7) and be increased to high voltage pulse subsequently and impact by the component controls shown in the square frame 4-2 among Fig. 4.

Diode D2 should be encapsulated in polyurethane or the Silicone Sealants to stop the expansion of high voltage corona.

In making up according to cooling device process of the present invention, the circuit shown in the load map 4 also connects in power supply.In case move this equipment, pulse shock is crossed over gap 2-13 discharge with about 300 hertz frequency.

For a person skilled in the art, it is conspicuous can the regulating circuit parameter changing the spark discharge feature, this will so that the influence cooling that can realize.Yet, consider to change circuit to guarantee having enough energy to be stored among the control capacitor 2-6 so that speed as requested and the emission of voltage driving spark are very important.Just, the live part of circuit 4-1 must be able to provide discharge portion 4-2 energy needed.For example, increase the discharge frequency of crossing over gap and will increase the cooling that can realize.Yet,, should increase gross energy storage (1/2CV owing to require control capacitor 2-6 to provide the frequency of energy to accelerate to gap ²).Must be careful when increasing this energy, transformer 2-3 and transformer 2-9 are unsaturated, make performance descend thus.As second example, find that generation can provide the spark of cooling, require threshold voltage to be at least 3 kilovolts.Increase this voltage and improve cooling performance usually, but this effect reaches capacity in the time of about 4.5 kilovolts to 5 kilovolts.

Claims

1. one kind comprises and is connected in gap (2-13) and by the cooling device of the high voltage source of timing means (2-11) control, wherein, described power supply and described timing means (2-11) are arranged to produce the one-way high-pressure pulse of crossing over described gap (2-13) discharge with short and regular pulse shock, and described equipment also comprises near the electrode (3-1a) that is positioned described gap and with the transmitter (2-12) of its electric insulation.

2. cooling device according to claim 1, wherein, described high voltage source is set to provide at least 3 kilovolts voltage.

3. cooling device according to claim 2, wherein, described high voltage source is set to provide at least 4 kilovolts voltage.

4. according to the described cooling device of arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein, described timing means (2-11) is arranged to discharge is limited in the time-quantum method less than 100 nanoseconds.

5. according to the described cooling device of arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein, described high voltage source comprise middle voltage source, be used for regularly with the pressure pulse from the timing control apparatus (2-8) of the power of described power supply output, to be arranged to pressure pulses switch described be the transformer (2-9) of high-voltage pulse and the rectifier (2-10) of being arranged to described high-voltage pulse is converted to one way signal.

6. cooling device according to claim 5, wherein, described timing control apparatus comprises transistor (Q2).

7. according to claim 5 or 6 described cooling devices, wherein, described middle voltage source comprises the memory device (2-6) that is used for the pressure stored charge, and described memory device discharges by the operation of described timing control apparatus (2-8).

8. cooling device according to claim 7, wherein, described memory device is capacitor (2-6).

9. cooling device according to claim 7, wherein, described memory device is capacitor group (2-6).

10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described cooling devices, wherein, described capacitor (2-6) is by circuit as described below charging: described circuit comprises low-tension supply (2-1), be arranged to from described low-tension supply produce the impulse generator (2-2) of AC signal, press second transformer (2-3) of output being arranged to the low pressure input is converted to and be arranged to the AC signal input rectifying be the rectifier exported of direct current (2-4,2-5).

11. according to the described cooling device of arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein, described gap (2-13) comprises first electrode (3-1a) and second electrode (3-1b) that is sealed in the chamber and is separated by clearance for insulation.

12. cooling device according to claim 11, wherein, (3-1a is dome-shaped 3-1b) to described electrode.

13. according to claim 11 or 12 described cooling devices, wherein, described electrode is made by the steel that applies chromium or nickel.

14. according to each the described cooling device in the claim 11 to 13, wherein, described chamber is filled with inert gas.

15. cooling device according to claim 14, wherein, described inert gas is an argon gas.

16. according to the described cooling device of arbitrary aforementioned claim, wherein, thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-2) and outer thin-walled coaxial pipe (3-4) in described transmitter (2-12) comprises.

17. cooling device according to claim 16, wherein, described coaxial pipe (3-2 3-4) is made by the material with satisfactory electrical conductivity, for example pottery or metal material, and connect lead-in wire around electrode and coaxially install.

18. according to claim 16 or 17 described cooling devices, wherein, the interior diameter of described pipe is in 6 millimeters to 14 millimeters scopes.

19. cooling device according to claim 18, wherein, the length of described pipe is in 7 millimeters to 20 millimeters scopes.

20. a method that produces cooling effect, described method comprises the following steps:

(a) repeatedly apply high voltage, unidirectional electrical pulse between the pair of electrodes in gaseous environment, make thus between described electrode, to produce spark; And

(b) spread by producing the cooling effect that spark causes by near the transmitter that is positioned the described electrode.

21. method according to claim 20, wherein, the described pulse duration is higher than 3 kilovolts less than 100 nanoseconds and its voltage.