CN101892890B - 排气净化装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种排气净化装置,确保从尿素水生成氨所需的充分反应时间,并且实现微粒过滤器(5)以及选择还原型催化剂(6)的紧凑配置,提高向车辆上的搭载性。在排气管(4)的中途具备微粒过滤器(5),在其下游一侧具备即使是有氧共存也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应的选择还原型催化剂(6),向该选择还原型催化剂(6)与上述微粒过滤器之间(5)添加尿素水作为还原剂,并列地配置微粒过滤器(5)与选择还原型催化剂(6),设置S字结构的联络流路(9),使从微粒过滤器(5)的输出侧端部排出的废气(3)逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂(6)的输入侧端部,在该联络流路(9)的中途具备尿素水添加用喷射器(11)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种排气净化装置。
背景技术
近年来,提出了在排气管的中途具备收集废气中的微粒的微粒过滤器,并且在该微粒过滤器的下游一侧具备即使是有氧共存也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应的选择还原型催化剂,向该选择还原型催化剂与上述微粒过滤器之间添加尿素水作为还原剂,实现微粒和NOx同时降低的方案。
另外,作为与本发明相关联的现有技术文献信息,例如已存在下述的专利文献1等。
【专利文献1】特开2005-155404号公报
但是,在这样将微粒过滤器配置在选择还原型催化剂上游一侧的情况下,由于尿素水向该选择还原型催化剂中的添加是在微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂之间进行的,所以如果要确保添加到废气中的尿素水热分解成氨和碳酸气为止的充分的反应时间,则必须要加长从尿素水的添加位置至选择还原型催化剂的距离,但当将微粒过滤器和选择还原型催化剂隔开充分的距离分离配置时,则存在向车辆上的搭载性明显受损的不良情况。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述实情提出的,其目的在于确保从尿素水生成氨的充分的反应时间,同时实现微粒过滤器以及选择还原型催化剂的紧凑配置,提高向车辆上的搭载性。
本发明为一种排气净化装置,在排气管的中途具备收集废气中的微粒的微粒过滤器,并且在该微粒过滤器的下游一侧具备即使是有氧共存也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应的选择还原型催化剂,向该选择还原型催化剂与上述微粒过滤器之间添加尿素水作为还原剂,其中,并列地配置微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂,设置S字结构的联络流路,使从微粒过滤器的输出侧端部排出的废气逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部,在该联络流路的中途具备用于添加尿素水的尿素水添加机构。
这样一来,从微粒过滤器的输出侧端部排出的废气通过联络流路逆向折返后导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部,因此,能够确保从前述联络流路中途的尿素水添加位置至选择还原型催化剂的距离较长,并且废气流因折返而紊流化,促进了尿素水与废气的混合,其结果,确保了从尿素水生成氨所需的充分的反应时间。
而且,由于微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂是并列配置的,沿着该微粒过滤器与选择氧化性催化剂之间配置联络流路,所以其整体结构紧凑,向车辆上的搭载性大幅度提高。
另外,在更具体地实施本发明时,优选地是,联络微粒过滤器的输出侧端部与选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部的S字结构的联络流路包括:气体集合室,包围微粒过滤器的输出侧端部,并且使刚从该输出侧端部输出的废气一边以大致直角的朝向进行方向转换一边集合;混合管,将由该气体集合室收集的废气以与微粒过滤器的排气流向相反的朝向排出;以及气体分散室,使由该混合管引导的废气一边以大致直角的朝向进行方向转换一边分散,并且以能够将分散的废气导入选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部的方式包围该输入侧端部。
另外,在本发明中,优选地是,在微粒过滤器之前装备有对废气中的未燃烧燃料成分进行氧化处理的氧化催化剂,并具备在该氧化催化剂的上游一侧向废气中添加燃料的燃料添加机构。这样一来,由燃料添加机构添加的燃料在氧化催化剂上被氧化处理,其结果,通过因其反应热而升温后的废气的流入,之后的微粒过滤器的催化剂床温度提高,微粒燃尽,实现了微粒过滤器的再生化。
此时,可以构成为将向发动机的各气筒喷射燃料的燃料喷射装置用作燃料添加机构,控制向气筒内的燃料喷射,在废气中多量残留未燃烧成分而实行燃料添加。
而且,在本发明中,优选地是,在选择还原型催化剂之后装备有对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的降氨催化剂。这样一来,用于选择还原型催化剂的还原反应而剩余的氨由之后的降氨催化剂进行氧化处理。
根据上述本发明的排气装置,能够获得如下各种优良效果。
(I)由于能够确保从尿素水生成氨所需的充分的反应时间,并且能够实现微粒过滤器以及选择还原型催化剂的紧凑的配置,所以与现有技术相比能够大幅度提高向车辆上的搭载性。
(II)如果在微粒过滤器之前装备对废气中的未燃烧燃料成分进行氧化处理的氧化催化剂,则使由燃料添加机构添加的燃料在氧化出催化剂上被氧化处理,通过因其反应热而升温后的废气的流入,提高之后的微粒过滤器的催化剂床温度,能够将微粒燃尽,能够实现微粒过滤器的主动的再生化。
(III)若在选择还原型催化剂之后装备对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的降氨催化剂,则能够对以未反应的状态通过选择还原型催化剂之后的剩余的氨进行氧化处理而使其无害化,能够将最终向大气中排出的废气中残存有氨的可能防患于未然。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的一实施例的示意图。
图2是放大表示图1的主要部分的立体图。
附图标记的说明:
1:柴油发动机(发动机)
3:废气
4:排气管
5:微粒过滤器
6:选择还原型催化剂
9:联络流路
9A:气体集合室
9B:混合管
9C:气体分散室
11:尿素水添加用喷射器(尿素水添加机构)
14:氧化催化剂
15:降氨催化剂
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施例进行说明。
图1以及图2表示本发明的一实施例,在本实施例中,在经由排气歧管2从柴油发动机1排出的废气3流通的排气管4的中途,分别由壳体7、8抱持地并列配置有收集废气3中的微粒的微粒过滤器5,以及在该微粒过滤器5的下游一侧、具备即使有氧共存也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应的性质的选择还原型催化剂6,微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部与选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部之间通过S字结构的联络流路9而连接,从微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部排出的废气3逆向折返而被导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部。
如图2中放大了主要部分所示,上述联络流路9由气体集合室9A,混合管9B,以及气体分散室9C成S字结构地构成,其中,气体集合室9A包围微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部,并且使刚从该输出侧端部输出的废气3一边以大致直角的朝向进行方向转换一边集合,混合管9B将由该气体集合室9A收集的废气3以与微粒过滤器5的排气流相反的朝向抽出,并且在中途具备尿素水添加用喷射器11(尿素水添加机构),气体分散室9C使由该混合管9B引导的废气3一边以大致直角的朝向进行方向转换一边分散,并且以能够将分散的废气3导入选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部的方式包围该输入侧端部。
另外,在抱持微粒过滤器5的壳体7内的前级装备有对废气3中的未燃烧燃料部分进行氧化处理的氧化催化剂14,而且,在抱持选择还原型催化剂6的壳体8内的后级装备有对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的降氨催化剂15。
这样,如果采用这种结构,则在废气3中的微粒被微粒过滤器5收集的同时,在其下游一侧的混合管9B的中途,尿素水从尿素水添加用喷射器11添加到废气3中并且热分解成氨和碳酸气,在选择还原型催化剂6上,废气3中的NOx被氨良好地还原净化,其结果是实现了废气3中的微粒和NOx的同时降低。
此时,由于从微粒过滤器5的输出侧端部排出的废气3在通过联络流路9被逆向折返后导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂6的输入侧端部,所以确保了从位于上述联络流路9的中途的尿素水的添加位置至选择还原型催化剂6的距离较长,同时废气3的气流因被折返而紊流化,实现了尿素水与废气3的混合促进,其结果是确保了从尿素水生成氨的充分的反应时间。
而且,由于微粒过滤器5和选择还原型催化剂6是并列配置的,并且联络流路9是沿着该微粒过滤器5和选择还原型催化剂6之间地配置的,所以其整体结构紧凑,大幅度提高了向车辆上的搭载性。
另外,本发明的排气净化装置并不仅限于上述的实施例,勿庸置疑,在不脱离本发明的要旨的范围内能够施加各种变更。
Claims (5)
1.一种排气净化装置,在排气管的中途具备收集废气中的微粒的微粒过滤器,并且在该微粒过滤器的下游一侧具备即使是有氧共存也能够选择性地使NOx与氨反应的选择还原型催化剂,向该选择还原型催化剂与上述微粒过滤器之间添加尿素水作为还原剂,其特征在于,并列地配置微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂,通过S字结构的联络流路连接微粒过滤器的输出侧端部与选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部,以使从微粒过滤器的输出侧端部排出的废气逆向折返而导入相邻的选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部,并且使该联络流路的中央部为直线状延伸的直伸部位,配置成其轴线平行于微粒过滤器与选择还原型催化剂的轴心方向,在上述联络流路的中途具备用于添加尿素水的尿素水添加机构。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置,其特征在于,联络微粒过滤器的输出侧端部与选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部的S字结构的联络流路包括:气体集合室,包围微粒过滤器的输出侧端部,并且使刚从该输出侧端部输出的废气一边以大致直角的朝向进行方向转换一边集合;混合管,将由该气体集合室收集的废气以与微粒过滤器的排气流向相反的朝向排出;以及气体分散室,使由该混合管引导的废气一边以大致直角的朝向进行方向转换一边分散,并且以能够将分散的废气导入选择还原型催化剂的输入侧端部的方式包围该输入侧端部。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在微粒过滤器之前装备有对废气中的未燃烧燃料成分进行氧化处理的氧化催化剂,并具备在该氧化催化剂的上游一侧向废气中添加燃料的燃料添加机构。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在选择还原型催化剂之后装备有对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的降氨催化剂。
5.如权利要求3所述的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在选择还原型催化剂之后装备有对剩余的氨进行氧化处理的降氨催化剂。
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EP2184455B1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
US8402752B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
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CN101892890A (zh) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2184455A4 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN101796274B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
JP2009062816A (ja) | 2009-03-26 |
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