CN101883657A - Joint method - Google Patents

Joint method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101883657A
CN101883657A CN2008801192317A CN200880119231A CN101883657A CN 101883657 A CN101883657 A CN 101883657A CN 2008801192317 A CN2008801192317 A CN 2008801192317A CN 200880119231 A CN200880119231 A CN 200880119231A CN 101883657 A CN101883657 A CN 101883657A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
friction stir
docking section
hardware
joint
throw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN2008801192317A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101883657B (en
Inventor
佐藤勇人
堀久司
濑尾伸城
河本知广
青木一男
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2007330519A external-priority patent/JP5223326B2/en
Priority claimed from JP2008253816A external-priority patent/JP5233557B2/en
Application filed by Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Priority to CN201210359750.9A priority Critical patent/CN102837133B/en
Publication of CN101883657A publication Critical patent/CN101883657A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101883657B publication Critical patent/CN101883657B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B23K20/124—Controlling or monitoring the welding process at the beginning or at the end of a weld
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/06—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for positioning the molten material, e.g. confining it to a desired area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof

Abstract

A kind of joint method easily engages pair of metal member docking section each other, and can improve the air-tightness and the watertightness of bonding part.According to joint method of the present invention, in the tectosome (being engaged hardware (N)) that forms docking with corner member (R4) by flat board (14) as hardware, described hardware is docked each other form docking section (J8), it is characterized in that, carrying out to docking section (J8) after outer surface (A) side of tectosome is carried out the friction stir operation of friction stir, carrying out the welding sequence that welds from inner surface (B) side.

Description

Joint method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of joint method that utilizes the hardware of friction stir.
Background technology
In the jointing metal member method each other, known have friction stir to engage (FSW-Friction StirWelding).It is by making the throw rotation, move along hardware docking section each other, utilize the frictional heat of throw and hardware that the plastic deformation of docking section is flowed that friction stir engages, thereby makes hardware solid phase joint each other.And throw generally is to be equipped with the throw that stirs pin (probe) in the lower surface of cylindrical shoulder.
For example, shown in Figure 35 a, dock each other and the docking section J that forms carries out under the situation of friction stir at end face,, use throw G to carry out friction stir along docking section J at the dorsal part configuration back of the body fitting 102 of docking section J to pair of metal member 101,101.This technology for example is recorded in patent documentation 1, patent documentation 2.
Patent documentation 1; The Japan Patent spy opens the 2001-225179 communique
Patent documentation 2; The Japan Patent spy opens the 2005-131666 communique
Summary of the invention
Invent technical problem to be solved
Yet, there is following problem in the joint method in the past, shown in Figure 35 b, because hardware 101,101 can shrink at the junction surface, the hardware 101 behind the joint is out-of-level each other crooked, and product quality reduces.In addition, also have following problem, for example when not shown connecting elements was inserted the slot part 103 that is formed between the hardware 101,101, because the bottom unevenness of slot part 103, connecting elements can't dispose accurately.In addition, because the contraction of hardware 101,101 may form breach (kissing bond) E at the dorsal part of plastification zone W.By this, the hot strength at junction surface reduces, and can cause watertightness and bubble-tight reduction.
In addition, similarly, also there is following problem, shown in Figure 35 c, the side that makes hardware 105 is docked with the end face of hardware 105 and when vertically engaging, for docking section J, is carried out friction stir from the outside of hardware 105,105, because the contraction of hardware 105,105 can make hardware on one side 105 upsets.In addition, the bight (inner corner portion) of inboard that also exists in the junction surface of hardware 105,105 forms the problem of breach E.
At this, for example, then can solve relevant issues if carry out friction stir from the dorsal part of hardware 101,101 or the inboard of hardware 105,105.But, for example under the situation of friction stir inner corner portion under the situation of carrying out friction stir from the inboard of tubular tectosome and shown in Figure 35 c, also there is following problem, difficult mode of docking each other according to the hardware that engages, cooperations by the friction stir device etc. are moved throw suitably.
From this viewpoint, technical problem of the present invention is to provide a kind of joint method, and this joint method can make pair of metal member docking section each other easily engage, and can improve air-tightness and watertightness.
The technical scheme of dealing with problems and being adopted
For addressing the above problem, joint method of the present invention is to make the pair of metal member dock the joint method that forms the docking section each other, it is characterized in that, after carrying out that above-mentioned docking section carried out the friction stir operation of friction stir from the one side side, carry out the welding sequence that above-mentioned docking section is welded from the another side side.
According to this joint method, owing to after pair of metal member one side side is each other carried out friction stir, also weld, therefore, form even if suppose defectiveness from the another side side, also the weld metal seal defect can be used, thereby watertightness and air-tightness can be improved.In addition, owing to weld the problems such as cooperation of energy solving device, therefore can be than being easier to engage operation.
In addition, joint method of the present invention is in the barrel-shaped structure body that forms in a plurality of hardware butt joints, make above-mentioned hardware dock the joint method that forms the docking section each other, it is characterized in that, carrying out to above-mentioned docking section after the outer surface side of above-mentioned tectosome is carried out the friction stir operation of friction stir, carrying out the welding sequence that above-mentioned docking section is welded from the inner surface side of above-mentioned tectosome.
According to this joint method, owing to, also weld, therefore,, also can seal with weld metal even suppose to form defective at the inner surface of tectosome from the inboard of tectosome after friction stir is carried out in the outside of tectosome, can improve watertightness and air-tightness.In addition, by welding,, also can engage operation with comparalive ease from the inboard of tectosome even by the tectosome that hardware surrounded.
In addition, as preferably, the plastification zone that forms in above-mentioned friction stir operation is contacted with the weld metal that forms in above-mentioned welding sequence.According to this joint method,, therefore can further improve the watertightness and the air-tightness at junction surface because the total length of docking section depth direction is sealed.
In addition, as preferably, in above-mentioned welding sequence, comprise the weld metal filling work procedure that weld metal is filled in the recess that forms along the docking section that comes across above-mentioned another side.In addition, as preferably, in above-mentioned welding sequence, comprise weld metal is filled in along the docking section of the inner surface that comes across above-mentioned tectosome and the weld metal filling work procedure of the recess that forms.According to this joint method, can improve the operation of welding.
In addition, as preferably, in above-mentioned friction stir operation, be included in and utilize large-scale throw formally to engage before the operation, the interim joint operation of utilizing small-sized throw temporarily to engage.According to this joint method, can prevent from when formally engaging, to produce perforate in the docking section.
In addition, as preferably, in above-mentioned friction stir operation, comprising: the outstanding material arrangement step that disposes a pair of outstanding material in the both sides of above-mentioned docking section; And the outstanding material that carries out friction stir along the above-mentioned outstanding material and the docking section of above-mentioned hardware engages operation temporarily.According to this joint method,, can set insertion position, the disengaging configuration of throw easily by using outstanding material.
In addition, as preferably, in above-mentioned friction stir operation, the predetermined insertion position that is included in the throw that carries out friction stir forms the guide hole formation operation of guide hole.Engage operation according to this, can reduce the resistance of pressing in when throw is pressed into.By this, can improve the precision that friction stir engages, and can promptly engage operation.
In addition, joint method of the present invention is to make the pair of metal member dock the joint method that forms the docking section each other, it is characterized in that, carrying out to above-mentioned docking section after the welding sequence that the another side side is welded, carrying out above-mentioned docking section is carried out from the one side side friction stir operation of friction stir.
According to this joint method, before carrying out the friction stir operation, weld from the another side side from the one side side, by this, can under the interim state that engages of another side side, carry out friction stir.Like this, be born in the generation of the defective of the back side of the face that carries out friction stir (another side) side, can improve the watertightness and the air-tightness of the hardware of bonding part owing to can prevent fecund.In addition, because by welding from the another side side, therefore the problems such as cooperation of energy solving device can engage operation with comparalive ease.In addition, owing in the friction stir operation, can under the state that the pair of metal member engages each other, carry out friction stir temporarily, therefore can improve operation.
In addition, according to joint method of the present invention, in the tectosome of the tubular that forms in a plurality of hardware butt joints, above-mentioned hardware is docked each other form the docking section, it is characterized in that, carrying out to above-mentioned docking section after the welding sequence that the inner surface side of above-mentioned tectosome is welded, carrying out above-mentioned docking section is carried out from the outer surface side of above-mentioned tectosome the friction stir operation of friction stir.
According to this joint method,, therefore, can under the interim state that engages of inner surface side, carry out friction stir owing to before carrying out friction stir, weld from the inner surface side of tectosome from the outer surface side of tectosome.By this, can prevent that fecund is born in the generation of the defective of the back side of the face that carries out friction stir (inner surface of tectosome) side, thereby can improve the watertightness and the air-tightness of the hardware of bonding part.In addition, owing to weld by the inner surface side from tectosome, the problems such as cooperation of the device in the time of solving junction structure inside can engage operation with comparalive ease.In addition, owing in the friction stir operation, can under the state that the pair of metal member engages each other, carry out friction stir temporarily, therefore can improve operation.
The invention effect
According to joint method of the present invention, can easily engage pair of metal member docking section each other, and can improve air-tightness and watertightness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of the tectosome of expression first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the tectosome of expression first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the intermediate member of expression first embodiment, and Fig. 3 a is an exploded perspective view, and Fig. 3 b is a vertical view.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of the butt joint operation of expression first embodiment.
Fig. 5 a is the stereogram after the butt joint operation of expression first embodiment, and Fig. 5 b is the stereogram that the slot part of expression first embodiment forms operation.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of the outstanding material arrangement step of expression first embodiment.
Fig. 7 a is the side view of the small-sized throw of expression, and Fig. 7 b is the side view of the large-scale throw of expression.
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of the interim joint operation of expression first embodiment.
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of the formal joint operation of expression first embodiment.
Figure 10 is the I-I line cutaway view of Fig. 9.
Figure 11 is the side view of the welding sequence of expression first embodiment.
Figure 12 is the stereogram that the connecting elements of expression first embodiment inserts operation.
Figure 13 is the stereogram of the outstanding material arrangement step of expression first embodiment.
Figure 14 is the vertical view that the outside of expression first embodiment engages operation temporarily.
Figure 15 is the figure that the outside of expression first embodiment formally engages operation, and Figure 15 a is a vertical view, and Figure 15 b is the II-II line cutaway view of Figure 15 a.
Figure 16 a is the side view that the recess of expression second embodiment forms operation, and Figure 16 b is the side view of the weld metal filling work procedure of expression second embodiment.
Figure 17 a is a stereogram of observing the tectosome of the 3rd embodiment from the outside, and Figure 17 b is a stereogram of observing the tectosome of the 3rd embodiment from the inboard.
Figure 18 is the exploded perspective view of the tectosome of expression the 4th embodiment.
Figure 19 a is the stereogram of the friction stir operation of expression the 4th embodiment, and Figure 19 b is the part perspective elevation of the welding sequence of expression the 4th embodiment.
Figure 20 is the front view of the butt joint operation of expression the 5th embodiment.
Figure 21 is the stereogram of the welding sequence of expression the 5th embodiment.
Figure 22 is the stereogram of preparatory stage of the friction stir operation of expression the 5th embodiment.
Figure 23 a is the amplification stereogram of the part of Figure 22, and Figure 23 b is the stereogram that the expression slot part forms operation.
Figure 24 is the stereogram of the outstanding material arrangement step of expression the 5th embodiment.
Figure 25 is the vertical view of the interim joint operation of expression the 5th embodiment.
Figure 26 is the vertical view of the formal joint operation of expression the 5th embodiment.
Figure 27 is the I-I line cutaway view of Figure 26.
Figure 28 is the figure of the welding sequence of expression the 6th embodiment, and Figure 28 a is the figure that the expression recess forms operation, and Figure 28 b is the figure of expression weld metal filling work procedure.
Figure 29 a is the stereogram of the butt joint operation of expression the 7th embodiment, and Figure 29 b is the stereogram of the welding sequence of expression the 7th embodiment.
Figure 30 a is the stereogram of the outstanding material arrangement step of expression the 7th embodiment, and Figure 30 b is the stereogram of the friction stir operation of expression the 7th embodiment.
Figure 31 a is the exploded view that is engaged hardware of the 8th embodiment, and Figure 31 b is the figure of the butt joint operation of expression the 8th embodiment, and Figure 31 c is the welding sequence of expression the 8th embodiment and the figure of friction stir operation.
Figure 32 is the stereogram of the tectosome of expression the 8th embodiment.
Figure 33 is the exploded perspective view that is engaged hardware of the 9th embodiment.
Figure 34 a is the stereogram of the welding sequence of expression the 9th embodiment, and Figure 34 b is the stereogram of the friction stir operation of expression the 9th embodiment.
Figure 35 is a cutaway view of representing joint method in the past.
(symbol description)
1 tectosome
11～14 flat boards
31 outstanding materials
32 outstanding materials
The small-sized throw of F
The large-scale throw of G
H1～H4 wall member
The J docking section
The M1 recess
P1 guide hole (thread Pilot hole)
R1～R4 corner member
The T weld metal
W plastification zone
The specific embodiment
[first embodiment]
For joint method of the present invention, explain with reference to accompanying drawing.As shown in Figure 1, joint method of the present invention is that example explains with the tectosome 1 that produces the tubular that is surrounded by four wall members H1, H2, H3, H4.And, in explanation, be the inboard with the hollow bulb side of tectosome 1, opposition side is the outside.In addition, the face that forms the inboard of tectosome 1 is an inner surface, and the face that forms the outside is an outer surface.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the tectosome 1 of present embodiment is the cylindrical body that inside has the roughly rectangular hollow bulb in cross section.Tectosome 1 is by constituting four jiaos of tectosome 1 and overlooking corner member R1, R2, R3, the R4 that direction roughly is L word shape and 11,12,13,14 of the flat boards of being located at respectively between corner member R1, R2, R3, the R4 constitute, and the side end face of each member is engaged with each other.But corner member R1～R4 and dull and stereotyped 11～14 is made by the metal material of friction stir, as aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy etc.
Wall member H1 is made of corner member R1, the R4 of configured separate and 11 of flat boards that are disposed between corner member R1, the R4.Wall member H2 is made of 12 of flat boards that are disposed between corner member R1, the R2.Wall member H3 is made of corner member R2, the R3 of configured separate and 13 of flat boards that are disposed between corner member R2, the R3.Wall member H4 is made of the flat board 14 and connecting elements U, the U that are disposed between corner member R3, the R4.
From the outside (outer surface) of wall member H1 and the docking section J2 of the opposite side end face of the docking section J1 of the side end face of inboard (inner surface) diagonal member R4 and dull and stereotyped 11 opposite side end face and corner member R1 and a side end face of dull and stereotyped 11 carry out friction stir, overlapping by the front in formed each the plastification zone of friction stir.And the plastification zone comprises and presents the state of plastification by the heating of the frictional heat of throw described later and engage with throw by getting back to the state two states of normal temperature.
In addition, similarly, carry out friction stir from the docking section J6 of the opposite side end face of the docking section J5 of the side end face of the opposite side end face of the docking section J3 of the side end face of the outer surface side of each wall member and inner surface side diagonal member R1 and dull and stereotyped 12 opposite side end face and corner member R2 and docking section J4, the corner member R2 of a side end face of dull and stereotyped 12 and dull and stereotyped 13 opposite side end face and corner member R3 and a side end face of dull and stereotyped 13, overlapping by the front in formed each the plastification zone of friction stir.
On the other hand, the docking section J7 of the opposite side end face of the side end face of corner member R3 and flat board 14 and the opposite side end face of corner member R4 with the feature of the docking section J8 of a side end face of flat board 14 are, after the inner surface side welding of wall member H4, carry out friction stir from the outer surface side.
Below, the joint method of present embodiment is done detailed explanation.Because the cross section that is made of wall member H1, H2, H3 is the intermediate member of U word shape and engages roughly the samely with in the past friction stir, so explains simply.
The joint method of present embodiment comprises that mainly (1) intermediate member engages operation, (2) formally engage operation outside docking operation, (3) slot part formation operation, (4) friction stir operation, (5) welding sequence, (6) connecting elements insertion operation, (7) outside interim joint operation, (8).
(1) intermediate member engages operation
Intermediate member joint operation is that the intermediate of formation tectosome 1 is the operation of intermediate member 20 (with reference to Fig. 3 b).Intermediate member 20 be from tectosome 1 only with dull and stereotyped 14 members that unload, the cross section roughly is U word shape.Intermediate member 20 have in opposite directions wall member H1, the wall member H3 of configuration and be located at wall member H1 and wall member H3 between flat board 12 (wall member H2).Engage in the operation at intermediate member, after forming wall member H1, wall member H3 respectively, flat board 12 is engaged with wall member H1 and wall member H3.
From the side end face of the inner surface side of wall member H1 and the outer surface side diagonal member R4 docking section J1 with dull and stereotyped 11 opposite side end face, the length direction that spreads all over docking section J1 carries out friction stir endlong and engages.In addition, it is overlapping to be formed at the front (dull and stereotyped 11 thickness direction central portions) of plastification zone W1, the W1 of docking section J1.By this, owing to can all carry out friction stir, therefore can improve air-tightness and watertightness to the gap of the depth direction of docking section J1.Similarly, from the opposite side end face of inner surface side and the outer surface side diagonal member R1 docking section J2 with a side end face of dull and stereotyped 11, that spreads all over docking section J2 carries out friction stir endlong, makes the front of plastification zone W2, W2 overlapping.
From the side end face of the inner surface side of wall member H3 and outer surface side diagonal member R2 docking section J5, spread all over docking section J5 length direction and carry out friction stir endlong and engage with dull and stereotyped 13 opposite side end face.In addition, it is overlapping to be formed at the front (dull and stereotyped 13 thickness direction central portions) of plastification zone W5, the W5 of docking section J5.By this, owing to can all carry out friction stir, therefore can improve air-tightness and watertightness to the gap of the depth direction of docking section J5.Similarly,, spread all over docking section J6 length direction and carry out friction stir endlong, make the front of plastification zone W6, W6 overlapping from the opposite side end face of outer surface side and inner surface side diagonal member R3 and the docking section J6 of a side end face of flat board 13.
Shown in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b, dull and stereotyped 12 are located between corner member R1 and the corner member R2.Inner surface side from dull and stereotyped 12 and outer surface side be to the docking section J3 of the side end face of dull and stereotyped 12 opposite side end face and corner member R1, and the length direction that spreads all over docking section J3 carries out friction stir endlong and engages.The front (dull and stereotyped 12 thickness direction central portions) that is formed at plastification zone W3, the W3 of docking section J3 is overlapping.By this, owing to can all carry out friction stir, therefore can improve air-tightness and watertightness to the gap of the depth direction of docking section J3.Similarly, the docking section J4 of a side end face of inner surface side from dull and stereotyped 12 and the opposite side end face of outer surface side diagonal member R2 and flat board 12, the length direction that spreads all over docking section J4 carries out friction stir endlong, makes the front of plastification zone W4, W4 overlapping.
Shown in Fig. 3 b, be formed with the peristomes 21 of dull and stereotyped 14 insertions of confession in the part of intermediate member 20.And, in the present embodiment,, be not limited thereto though friction stir is carried out in each docking section of middle member 20 from outer surface side and inner surface side.For example, also can from the outer surface side of middle member 20 and inner surface side, any side weld, carry out friction stir from opposite side.
(2) butt joint operation
As shown in Figure 4, in the butt joint operation, with the peristome 21 (with reference to Fig. 3 b) of dull and stereotyped 14 insertion intermediate members 20.Dull and stereotyped 14 the width and the width of peristome 21 are roughly the same.That is, when dull and stereotyped 14 inserted peristome 21, a pair of side end face R3b, the R4a that come across peristome 21 docked with both sides end face 14a, the 14b of flat board 14.As shown in Figure 4, dull and stereotyped 14 opposite side end face 14a docks with the side end face R3b of corner member R3 and forms docking section J7.On the other hand, a side end face 14b of dull and stereotyped 14 docks with the opposite side end face R4a of corner member R4 and forms docking section J8.
And, dull and stereotyped 14 dock with corner member R4 and the hardware that forms hereinafter referred to as being engaged hardware N.In addition, the face that is engaged the outside of hardware N is called outer surface A, and inboard face is called inner surface B, and a side end face is called the first end face C, and the opposite side end face is called the second end face D.
Shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 a, when docking operation, be preferably in the inboard configuration back of the body butt platform 25 of intermediate member 20.Back of the body butt platform 25 is the members from the inboard bearing flat plate 14 of middle member 20.Back of the body butt platform 25 comprises that separating first back of the body butt material 25a, second that is provided with carries on the back butt material 25b and upright longitudinal member 25c, the 25c that is located between first back of the body butt material 25a and second back of the body butt material 25b.From the distance of the face in the outside of face to the second back of the body butt material 25b in the outside of first back of the body butt material 25a with from the distance of the face (with reference to Fig. 2) of the face of dull and stereotyped 12 the inboard inboard to dull and stereotyped 14 about equally.In the present embodiment, respectively be provided with a back of the body butt platform 25 at docking section J7, J8.
And, though (3) slot part of following explanation forms operation, (4) friction stir operation, (5) welding sequence, (6) connecting elements and inserts operation, (7) outside interim to engage the formal operation that engages of operation, (8) outside be the operation that docking section J7 and docking section J8 are carried out, but since roughly the same to the job content of two docking sections, be that example is done explanation therefore with docking section J8.
(3) slot part forms operation
Form in the operation at slot part,, form slot part K at the outer surface A that is engaged hardware N corresponding to docking section J8.Shown in Fig. 5 b, slot part forms that operation is to use known end mill etc. and cuts out the width, the degree of depth of regulation and form the operation of slot part K along docking section J8.Though in the present embodiment, the cross section of slot part K is rectangular, and other shape also can.
(5) friction stir operation
Shown in Fig. 5 b, in the friction stir operation, use large-scale throw G to carry out friction stir along the docking section J8 of the bottom surface that comes across slot part K.In the present embodiment, the formal joint operation that the friction stir operation comprises the outstanding material arrangement step that disposes a pair of outstanding material, interim joint operation that docking section J8 is engaged temporarily, the guide hole that forms guide hole in the formal predetermined insertion position that engages operation form operation and docking section J8 is formally engaged.
At this, the small-sized throw (to call " small-sized throw F " in the following text) that is used for each friction stir and the large-scale throw (to call " large-scale throw G ") also bigger than small-sized throw F are explained with reference to Fig. 7.
Small-sized throw F shown in Fig. 7 a by the tool steel geometric ratio be engaged hardware N also the metal material of hard constituted, comprise cylindrical shoulder F1 and be based in stirring pin (probe) F2 of the lower surface F11 of this shoulder F1.Though the size of small-sized throw F, shape are set corresponding to material that is engaged hardware N and thickness etc. and got final product, and be also littler than large-scale throw G (with reference to Fig. 8 b) at least.So, because can carry out friction stir under the effect of load little when using large-scale throw G engages, therefore, can reduce the load that acts on the friction stir device, and, because the translational speed (transfer rate) of small-sized throw F is also higher than the translational speed of large-scale throw G, therefore, can reduce friction to stir engages required time and cost.
The lower surface F11 of shoulder F1 be play the metal of pushing plasticity liquidation and prevent its disperse to around the position of effect, form concave shape in the present embodiment.Though the external diameter X of shoulder F1 1Size there is no particular restriction, but in the present embodiment, than the external diameter Y of the shoulder G1 of large-scale throw G 1Little.
Stirring pin F2 hangs down from the central authorities of the lower surface F11 of shoulder F1, in the present embodiment, forms the thin circular cone shape of front end.In addition, be formed with at the side face that stirs pin F2 and be arranged to spiral helicine agitator.Though there is no particular restriction for the size of the external diameter of stirring pin F2, in the present embodiment, maximum outside diameter (footpath, upper end) X 2Maximum outside diameter (footpath, upper end) Y than the stirring pin G2 of large-scale throw G 2Little, and minimum outer diameter (footpath, lower end) X 3Than the minimum outer diameter that stirs pin G2 (footpath, lower end) Y 3Little.In addition, stir the length L of pin F2 ALength L than the stirring pin G2 of large-scale throw G BLittle.
Large-scale throw G shown in Fig. 7 b by the tool steel geometric ratio be engaged hardware N also the metal material of hard constituted, comprise cylindrical shoulder G1 and be based in stirring pin (probe) G2 of the lower surface G11 of this shoulder G1.
The lower surface G11 of shoulder G1 is identical with small-sized throw F, forms concave shape.Stirring pin G2 hangs down from the central authorities of the lower surface G11 of shoulder G1, in the present embodiment, forms the thin circular cone shape of front end.
As Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 8, in outstanding material arrangement step, dispose a pair of outstanding material in the both ends of the surface that are engaged hardware N.The first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32 are with the member of the form configuration of clamping docking section J8, have size, the shape that can cover the docking section J8 that comes across the first end face C and the second end face D respectively.In the present embodiment, the first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32 are disposed at first back of the body butt material 25a of back of the body butt platform 25.The surface of the first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32 flushes with the bottom surface of slot part K.Though there is no particular restriction for the material of the first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32, in the present embodiment, to form with the metal material that is engaged hardware N same composition.
In addition, be engaged the hardware N and the first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32 engages by welding.By this, when carrying out friction stir described later, can prevent to be engaged hardware N and each outstanding material generation perforate.
Engage in the operation interim, use small-sized throw F to carry out friction stir along the docking section J8 of the bottom surface that comes across slot part K.That is, as shown in Figure 8, make small-sized throw F be positioned at starting position S P1Directly over, starting position S P1Be located on the appropriate location of the first outstanding material 31, then, right rotation limit, small-sized throw F limit descended, sell F2 and (a) press on starting position S with reference to Fig. 7 thereby will stir P1The integral body that stirs pin F2 enters the first outstanding material 31, and the whole face of the lower surface F11 of shoulder F1 is contacted with after the surface of the first outstanding material 31, and small-sized throw F is relatively moved towards the starting point s1 of interim joint operation while rotating.Small-sized throw F arrives after the starting point s1, small-sized throw F is not broken away from and moves to the terminal point e1 of interim joint operation at starting point s1.After small-sized throw F reaches home e1, small-sized throw F is not broken away from and move to end position E P1, at end position E P1Small-sized throw F is broken away from.
And, pass across the docking section J31 that is engaged the hardware N and the first outstanding material 31 and be engaged hardware N when giving prominence to the docking section J32 of material 32 at the stirring pin F2 of small-sized throw F with second, the power effect that hardware N and each outstanding material are pulled away from will be engaged though have, but engage by welding with the first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32 formed inner corner portion owing to be engaged hardware N, therefore, can prevent to be engaged hardware N and the first outstanding material 31 and second perforate of giving prominence between the material 32.The interim end position E that engages operation P1Become the starting position S of formal joint operation described later M1
In addition, when engaging operation, can use small-sized throw F along the docking section J31 that is engaged the hardware N and the first outstanding material 31 and be engaged hardware N and carry out friction stir (give prominence to material and engage operation) temporarily with the docking section J32 of the second outstanding material 32 temporarily.By this, can engage generation perforate in the time of therefore further preventing to carry out formal joint operation described later more firmly with the first outstanding material 31 and the second outstanding material 32 owing to be engaged hardware N.In addition, outstanding material engages operation temporarily and interim joint operation is to carry out friction stir continuously in the mode of continuous path, thereby can improve operation.
Shown in Fig. 7 b, guide hole forms the operation that forms guide hole P1 on the starting position that operation is the friction stir in formal joint operation described later.That is, the guide hole in present embodiment forms in the operation starting position S on the surface that is set in the second outstanding material 32 M1Form guide hole P1.
Guide hole P1 is that purpose is provided with the insertion resistance (resistance of pressing in) of the stirring pin G2 that reduces large-scale throw G, formed punching n1 reaming forms when with not shown drill bit etc. the stirring pin F2 of small-sized throw F being broken away from the present embodiment.If utilize punching n1, then, the activity duration can be shortened owing to can simplify the formation operation of guide hole P1.Though there is no particular restriction for the form of guide hole P1, in the present embodiment, be cylindric.And, in the present embodiment, though form guide hole P1 at the second outstanding material 32, but there is no particular restriction in the position of guide hole P1, also can be formed at the first outstanding material 31, be more preferably, be formed on the extended line that appears at as the seam (boundary line) of the bottom surface of the slot part K of present embodiment.
Engage in the operation formal, use large-scale throw G to engage docking section J8 veritably.In the formal joint operation of present embodiment, use large-scale throw G that the docking section J8 of interim engagement state is carried out friction stir from the outer surface A side that is engaged hardware N.
As shown in Figure 9, engage in the operation, with stirring pin G2 insertion (being pressed into) starting position S of large-scale throw G formal M1, the stirring pin G2 that makes insertion does not break away from halfway and moves to end position E M1That is, engage in the operation formal, P1 begins friction stir from guide hole, and carries out friction stir continuously to end position E M1
And, though in the present embodiment, the starting position S of friction stir is set at the second outstanding material 32 M1, end position E is set at the first outstanding material 31 M1, but starting position S M1With end position E M1Position and indefinite.
Describe formal joint operation in detail with reference to Fig. 9.
At first, make large-scale throw G be positioned at starting position S M1Directly over (guide hole P1), then, right rotation limit, large-scale throw G limit is descended, thereby make the front end that stirs pin G2 insert guide hole P1.The integral body that stirs pin enters the second whole face of giving prominence to the lower surface G11 of material 32 and shoulder G1 and is contacted with after the surface of the second outstanding material 32, carries out friction stir, and large-scale throw G is relatively moved towards the end of docking section J8, thereby charge into docking section J8.When large-scale throw G is moved, metal around this stirs pin G2 plasticity successively flows, and from stirring on the position that pin G2 separates, the metal that plasticity flows is underhardening and form plastification zone (hereinafter referred to as " slot part plastification zone W8 ") (with reference to Figure 10) again.
Entering the heat that is engaged hardware N might be excessive the time, preferably with water from the bottom surface (outer surface A side) of slot part K supply to large-scale throw G around and realize cooling.And, when between cooling water entering angle member R4 and dull and stereotyped 14, might produce oxide-film on the composition surface, but in the present embodiment, come closed angle member R4 and the perforate of flat board between 14 owing to engage operation temporarily, therefore cooling water is difficult to the perforate between entering angle member R4 and dull and stereotyped 14, and the quality at junction surface does not have the possibility of variation.
In being engaged the docking section J8 of hardware N, on the motion track on the seam that is engaged hardware N, set the path of friction stir, large-scale throw G is relatively moved along this path, by this, carry out friction stir continuously from an end to the other end of docking section J8.Large-scale throw G is relatively moved to after the other end of docking section J8, carries out friction stir, and according to this state towards end position E M1Relatively move.Arrive end position E at large-scale throw G M1Afterwards, large-scale throw G is risen on while rotating, stir pin G2 from end position E thereby make M1Break away from.Be preferably in after formal joint operation finishes, cutting result from slot part K the bottom surface burr and make the bottom surface level and smooth.In addition, after formal joint operation finished, a pair of outstanding material was removed in cutting.
(5) welding sequence
Welding sequence is the operation of welding along docking section J8 from the inner surface B side that is engaged hardware N.As shown in figure 11, in welding sequence, temporarily pull down back of the body butt platform 25, carry out protuberance weldings such as TIG welding or MIG welding from the inboard of slot part plastification zone W8, form weld metal T1 along docking section J8.The protuberance welding proceeds to weld metal T1 from being engaged the inner surface B projecting degree of hardware N.By carrying out welding sequence, even suppose to form breach (KissingBond), because therefore salable this breach can improve intensity, watertightness and the air-tightness of bonding part in the inboard of slot part plastification zone W8.In addition, even because the friction stir operation produce to be shunk the junction surface, and when making corner member R4 and dull and stereotyped 14 not be formed at same plane,, can revise because the distortion that this contraction produced by welding from the inner surface B side that is engaged hardware N.
And, preferably cut among the weld metal T1 from the outstanding fractional t1 of inner surface B '.By this, inner surface B is formed smoothly.
(6) connecting elements inserts operation
As shown in figure 12, connecting elements insertion operation is connecting elements U to be inserted the operation of slot part K.The width of connecting elements U, the degree of depth and length dimension respectively with width, the degree of depth and the length dimension of slot part K about equally, and by forming with the metal that is engaged hardware N identical component.That is, when connecting elements U inserted slot part K, the surface of connecting elements U flushed with the outer surface A that is engaged hardware N, and the both ends of the surface of connecting elements U flush with the first end face C that is engaged hardware N and the second end face D.Insert in the operation at connecting elements, owing to can be engaged the crooked of hardware N by above-mentioned welding sequence correction, so the bottom surface approximate horizontal of slot part K.By this, can insert connecting elements U suitably.
(8) the interim operation that engages in the outside
As Figure 13 and shown in Figure 14, engage in the operation in the outside temporarily, small-sized throw F is engaged with the docking section J8b of connecting elements U with docking section J8a and the corner member R4 of connecting elements U along dull and stereotyped 14 temporarily.The guide hole that the outside of present embodiment engages temporarily that operation comprises the outstanding material arrangement step that disposes a pair of outstanding material, the outside that docking section J8a and docking section J8b engaged temporarily with small-sized throw F engages operation temporarily and forms guide hole in the predetermined insertion position of large-scale throw G forms operation.
As Figure 13 and shown in Figure 14, outstanding material arrangement step is that the first outstanding material 33 and the second outstanding material 34 are disposed at the first end face C that is engaged hardware N and the operation of the second end face D.The first outstanding material 33 and the second outstanding material 34 have the size, the shape that cover each docking section that comes across the first end face C and the second end face D respectively to clamp the form configuration of docking section J8, docking section J8a and docking section J8b.In the present embodiment, the first outstanding material 33 and the second outstanding material 34 are disposed at first back of the body butt material 25a of back of the body butt platform 25.The surface of the first outstanding material 33 and the second outstanding material 34 is roughly the same with the outer surface A that is engaged hardware N.Though there is no particular restriction for the material of the first outstanding material 33 and the second outstanding material 34, in the present embodiment by forming with the metal material that is engaged hardware N same composition.
Engage in the operation in the outside temporarily, use small-sized throw F to carry out friction stir along docking section J8a that comes across the outer surface A that is engaged hardware N and docking section J8b.As shown in figure 14, in the present embodiment, engage in the operation temporarily, make small-sized throw F from being set in the starting position S of the first outstanding material 33 in the outside P2The mode that rises with continuous path relatively moves to the end position E that is set in the first outstanding material 33 P2Till carry out friction stir.
That is, the outside engages operation temporarily and comprises that engaging the first outstanding material 33 engages operation with the first outstanding material of the docking section J33 that is engaged hardware N temporarily, engages and dull and stereotyped 14 engage operation with first outside of the docking section J8a of connecting elements U temporarily, engage second and give prominence to material 34 and give prominence to second of the docking section J34 that is engaged hardware N that material engages operation and engagement angle member R4 engages operation with second outside of the docking section J8b of connecting elements U temporarily temporarily.
Engage in the operation at the first outstanding material temporarily, small-sized throw F is pressed into the starting position S that is set in the first outstanding material 33 P2After, make small-sized throw F relatively move to the starting point s33 that the first outstanding material engages operation temporarily.After small-sized throw F arrives starting point s33, move to the terminal point e33 that the first outstanding material engages operation temporarily along docking section J33.After small-sized throw F reaches home e33, small-sized throw F is not broken away from, temporarily enter the first outstanding material 33, and move to the starting point s14 that first outside engages operation temporarily.
And, under the situation that makes small-sized throw F right rotation, owing to may produce small cavity blemish in the left side of the direct of travel of small-sized throw F, therefore, preferably set the first outstanding material and engage the starting point s33 of operation and the position of terminal point e33, so that be engaged the right side that hardware N is positioned at the direct of travel of small-sized throw F.Like this, be engaged hardware N side, can obtain high-quality conjugant because cavity blemish is difficult to be created in.
Under the situation that makes small-sized throw F anticlockwise, owing to may produce small cavity blemish on the right side of the direct of travel of small-sized throw F, therefore, preferably set the first outstanding material and engage the starting point of operation and the position of terminal point, so that be engaged the left side that hardware N is positioned at the direct of travel of small-sized throw F.Particularly, though diagram is omitted, only need the position of the terminal point e33 when small-sized throw F right rotation that starting point is set, the position of the starting point s33 when small-sized throw F right rotation is provided with terminal point and gets final product.
After small-sized throw F arrived the starting point s14 that first outside engages operation temporarily, state moved to first outside and engages operation temporarily according to this, and small-sized throw F is moved along docking section J8a.After small-sized throw F arrives the terminal point e14 that first outside engages operation temporarily, temporarily enter the second outstanding material 34, and move to the starting point s34 that the second outstanding material engages operation temporarily.After small-sized throw F arrives starting point s34, make small-sized throw F move to the terminal point e34 that the second outstanding material engages operation temporarily along docking section J34.
After small-sized throw F reaches home e34, small-sized throw F is not broken away from and move to the starting point sR4 that second outside engages operation temporarily.After small-sized throw F arrives sR4, small-sized throw F is moved along docking section J8b, and state move to second outside and engage operation temporarily according to this.After small-sized throw F arrived the terminal point eR4 that second outside engages operation temporarily, state was charged into the first outstanding material 33 according to this, and makes small-sized throw F at end position E P2Break away from.And, end position E P2Also be the starting position S that the outside described later formally engages operation M2
After the outside engages the operation end temporarily, utilize to be formed at end position E P2Punching (not shown) form guide hole.Owing to guide hole forms operation and above-mentioned roughly the same its explanation of omitting.
(9) the formal operation that engages in the outside
The formal operation that engages in the outside is that real the joint comes across the docking section J8a of the outer surface A that is engaged hardware N and the operation of J8b.The outside in present embodiment formally engages in the operation, uses large-scale throw G, and the docking section J8a and the docking section J8b of interim engagement state carried out friction stir from the outer surface A side that is engaged hardware N.
Shown in Figure 15 a, formally engage in the operation in the outside, the stirring pin G2 insertion starting position S of large-scale throw G M2, the stirring pin G2 that makes insertion does not break away from halfway and moves to end position E M2And, though in the present embodiment, with the starting position S of friction stir M2And end position E M2Be located on the first outstanding material 33, but starting position S M2And end position E M2Position and indefinite.
Illustrate in greater detail the formal operation that engages in the outside with reference to Figure 15 a and Figure 15 b.
At first, shown in Figure 15 a, make large-scale throw G be positioned at guide hole (starting position S M2) directly over, then, right rotation limit, large-scale throw G limit is descended, thereby will stir the front end insertion guide hole of pin G2.Enter the first outstanding material 33 in the integral body that stirs pin G2, and the whole face of the lower surface G11 of shoulder G1 is contacted with after the surface of the first outstanding material 33, carry out friction stir, large-scale throw G is relatively moved towards the end of docking section J8b, thereby charge into docking section J8b.When large-scale throw G was moved, the metal around it stirs pin G2 plasticity successively flowed, and from stirring on the position that pin G2 separates, and the metal that plasticity flows is underhardening and form plastification zone (to call " outside plastification zone W8 ' " in the following text) again.
Then, the form that is not contacted with docking section J34 and docking section J33 with the regional W8 ' of the outside plastification that forms makes large-scale throw G move back and forth (being that secondary is reciprocal in the present embodiment) and carries out friction stir continuously along docking section J8b and docking section J8a.At last, make large-scale throw G by docking section J33, and at the end position E that is set in the first outstanding material 33 M2Break away from.
Shown in Figure 15 b, preferably carry out friction stir in the form of the bottom surface of slot part K with the front end side contact of outside plastification zone W8 '.By this structure, can spread all over docking section J8a and docking section J8b depth direction total length and carry out friction stir.In addition, large-scale throw G is staggered back and forth, can carry out friction stir to the whole face of the seam of the lower surface of connecting elements U and slot part K bottom surface by this, therefore, can further improve watertightness and air-tightness.
And the form that does not contact docking section J34 and docking section J33 with outside plastification zone W8 ' moves back and forth large-scale throw G, can prevent that by this oxide-film of docking section J34 and docking section J33 is involved in.
As shown in figure 11, joint method according to the present embodiment of above explanation, to dull and stereotyped 14 with the docking section J8 of corner member R4 after friction stir is carried out in the outside that is engaged hardware N (tectosome 1), carry out welding from the inboard, even therefore form breach (with reference to Figure 35 b, Figure 35 c) at the docking section J8 that comes across inner surface B, because therefore salable weld metal T1 can improve watertightness and air-tightness, and can improve the bond strength of bonding part.In addition,,, for example be trapped among the tectosome 1 on four limits, also be not subjected to the restriction of the cooperation etc. of device, can engage operation from the inboard with comparalive ease with wall member even if present embodiment is such according to welding.
In addition, contact with weld metal T1, can spread all over the total length sealing of the depth direction of docking section J8 by making slot part plastification zone W8.In addition, by carry out engaging operation before the friction stir operation and the outside formally engage each operation of operation temporarily, can prevent that the docking section from producing perforate when formal the joint.
Though above embodiments of the present invention are illustrated, can do suitable change not breaking away from the scope of the inventive concept.In the explanation of other embodiment, omit the explanation that repeats with first embodiment.
For example, though use connecting elements U to engage in the first embodiment, under the big situation of the thickness of the wall member that is engaged hardware N, can utilize a plurality of connecting elements U and slot part K to engage.On the other hand, under the little situation of the thickness that is engaged hardware N, also can not use connecting elements U, carry out friction stir from the outside that is engaged hardware N after, weld from the inboard.
[second embodiment]
In addition, for example, as shown in figure 16, when carrying out above-mentioned welding sequence, also can comprise: in the front (being engaged the inner surface B of hardware N) of slot part plastification zone W8, the recess that forms recess M1 along docking section J8 forms operation; And the weld metal filling work procedure that weld metal T2 is filled in recess M1.According to this joint method, can improve the operation when welding.In addition, by among the excision weld metal T2 from the outstanding part of the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N (T2 '), can form inner surface B smoothly.And though in the present embodiment, recess M1 cross section is rectangular, and other shape also can.
[the 3rd embodiment]
As shown in figure 17, the joint method of the 3rd embodiment docks with the end face of the second hardware 1b of opposite side with regard to the side of the first hardware 1a of a side and forms docking section J10 in this point, and is different with first embodiment.Promptly, though use corner member R1～R4 to make the side end face of each member against each other and form tectosome in the first embodiment, but also can be as present embodiment, the side that makes the hardware of a side is docked with the side end face of the hardware of opposite side and is formed structure.In the present embodiment, a pair of first hardware 1a is docked with a pair of second hardware 1b and form the tectosome 50 of the rectangular tubular in cross section.
The joint method of present embodiment comprises: the side of the first hardware 1a is docked with the side end face of the second hardware 1b and the docking section J10 that forms, carry out the friction stir operation of friction stir from the outer surface A side of tectosome 50 (being engaged hardware N1); And the welding sequence that welds from the inner surface B side of tectosome 50.
The welding sequence of present embodiment is after the first hardware 1a and the formed outer surface A that is engaged hardware N1 of the second hardware 1b carry out friction stir, the operation that inner corner portion I (bight of the inboard of the first hardware 1a and the second hardware 1b) is welded.That is, by welding, the total length that spreads all over the docking section J10 that comes across the inner surface that is engaged hardware N forms weld metal T3.By this,, form breach (with reference to Figure 35 c), also can seal this breach, therefore can improve watertightness and air-tightness, and can improve the intensity of bonding part by welding at inner corner portion I even if suppose in the friction stir operation.In addition, shown in Figure 35 c, even metal on one side since the contraction when engaging overturn, also can be by this upset of welding correction.In addition, though be difficult for inner corner portion I is carried out friction stir,, then can engage operation with comparalive ease if by welding.And, the formed plastification of friction stir operation zone W10 is contacted with the formed weld metal T3 of welding sequence, thereby further improve watertightness and air-tightness.
[the 4th embodiment]
As Figure 18 and shown in Figure 19, the joint method of the 4th embodiment is different with first embodiment at this point of the lid member 10b that comprises the end that is cylindrical member 10a cylindraceous and covers cylindrical member 10a.The joint method of present embodiment comprises docking section J11 is carried out the friction stir operation of friction stir and the welding sequence that inner corner portion I ' is welded.
The tectosome 60 of present embodiment comprises that the end that makes cylindrical member 10a is docked with the side of lid member 10b and the docking section J11 that forms.Shown in Figure 19 a, in the friction stir operation, make large-scale throw G, and carry out friction stir seeing counterclockwise to move from the face side of lid member 10b along docking section J11 right rotation.
Shown in Figure 19 b, after carrying out the friction stir operation, the inner corner portion I ' of the inside of tectosome 60 is welded.By forming weld metal T3, can improve the intensity at junction surface, and can improve air-tightness and watertightness at inner corner portion I '.In addition, according to welding sequence, even the tectosome cylindraceous 60 of present embodiment, because therefore the problems such as cooperation of energy solving device can engage operation with comparalive ease.
And large-scale throw G is preferably in and sees counterclockwise mobile from the face side of lid member 10b.By this, owing to uprise in the possibility of lid member 10b side generation defective, thereby can improve air-tightness and the watertightness of cylindrical member 10a.In addition, though in the present embodiment, cylindrical member 10a is engaged with lid member 10b, also can make the side of a pair of cylindrical member 10a dock each other and engage.
[the 5th embodiment]
Just after welding sequence was carried out in the inboard of tectosome, carry out the friction stir operation this put different with the joint method of first embodiment～the 4th embodiment the joint method of the 5th embodiment shown below～the 9th embodiment from the outside.The joint method of the 5th embodiment is that example is done explanation with the operation of making tectosome shown in Figure 11.
The joint method of present embodiment comprises that (1) intermediate member engages operation, (2) formally engage operation outside docking operation, (3) welding sequence, (4) slot part formation operation, (5) friction stir operation, (6) connecting elements insertion operation, (7) outside interim joint operation, (8).
(1) intermediate member engages operation
Intermediate member joint operation is that the intermediate of formation tectosome 1 is the operation of intermediate member 20 (with reference to Fig. 3 b).Because it is identical with first embodiment that intermediate member engages operation, therefore omit its explanation.
(2) butt joint operation
As shown in figure 20, in the butt joint operation, after intermediate member 20 spun upside down, with dull and stereotyped 14 peristomes 21 (with reference to Fig. 3 b) that insert intermediate members 20.Dull and stereotyped 14 the width and the width of peristome 21 are roughly the same.That is, when dull and stereotyped 14 inserted peristome 21, a pair of side end face R3b, the R4a that come across peristome 21 docked respectively with side end face 14a, the 14b of flat board 14.As shown in figure 20, formation docking section J7 on the interface of dull and stereotyped 14 opposite side end face 14a and the side end face R3b of corner member R3.On the other hand, formation docking section J8 on the interface of a side end face 14b of dull and stereotyped 14 and the opposite side end face R4a of corner member R4.
And, though (3) welding sequence of following explanation, (4) slot part form operation, (5) friction stir operation, (6) connecting elements and insert operation, (7) outside interim to engage the formal operation that engages of operation, (8) outside be the operation that docking section J7 and docking section J8 are carried out, but, be that example is done explanation therefore with docking section J8 because job content is roughly the same to two docking sections.
In addition, as shown in figure 21, dull and stereotyped 14 dock with corner member R4 and the hardware that forms is also referred to as and is engaged hardware N2.In addition, the face that is engaged the outside of hardware N2 is called outer surface A, inboard face is called inner surface B, and a side end face is called the first end face C, and the opposite side end face is called the second end face D (with reference to Figure 25).
(3) welding sequence
Welding sequence is the operation of welding along docking section J8 from the inner surface B side that is engaged hardware N2.As shown in figure 21, in welding sequence, carry out protuberance welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding, form weld metal T1 along docking section J8.The protuberance welding proceeds to weld metal T1 from being engaged the inner surface B projecting degree of hardware N2.By carrying out welding sequence, when carrying out formal joint operation described later (friction stir operation), the inner surface B side that can prevent at docking section J8 forms breach (KissingBond).And, preferably will excise from the outstanding part of inner surface B among the weld metal T1.By this, can form inner surface B smoothly.
(4) slot part forms operation
As Figure 22 and shown in Figure 23, form in the operation at slot part, in the outer surface A of docking section J8 side, along the length direction formation slot part K of docking section J8.At this, form at slot part that operation, friction stir operation described later, connecting elements are inserted operation, the outside engages operation temporarily and the outside formally engages in the operation, is preferably in the inboard configuration back of the body butt platform 25 of intermediate member 20.Because slot part forms operation and first embodiment is roughly the same, therefore omits its explanation.
(5) friction stir operation
Shown in Figure 23 b, in the friction stir operation, use large-scale throw G to carry out friction stir along the docking section J8 of the bottom surface that comes across slot part K.In the present embodiment, the formal joint operation (with reference to Figure 26) that the friction stir operation comprises the outstanding material arrangement step (with reference to Figure 24 and Figure 25) that disposes a pair of outstanding material, interim joint operation (with reference to Figure 25) that docking section J8 is engaged temporarily, the guide hole that forms guide hole in the formal predetermined insertion position that engages operation form operation and docking section J8 is formally engaged.Owing to outstanding material arrangement step, engage operation and formally engage operation, so omit detailed explanation temporarily with first embodiment is roughly the same.
As shown in figure 27, in the formal joint operation of present embodiment, preferably set the degree of depth of friction stir, make the weld metal T1 that is formed at inner surface B contact with the slot part plastification zone W8 that is formed at outer surface A.By this, owing to the total length of the depth direction that can spread all over docking section J8 seals, therefore can improve watertightness and air-tightness.And, be preferably in after formal joint operation finishes, with result from slot part K the bottom surface excision such as burr and form level and smooth bottom surface.In addition, after formal joint operation finishes, a pair of outstanding material cutting is removed.
And, roughly the same owing to formally engaging the operation and first embodiment outside (6) connecting elements insertion operation, (7) outside interim joint operation and (8), therefore omit its explanation.
Joint method according to the present embodiment of above explanation, in the friction stir operation (formally engaging operation) of carrying out before from the outer surface A side that is engaged hardware N2 (tectosome 1), by carrying out welding sequence, can under the state that makes the interim joint of inner surface B, carry out friction stir from inner surface B side.By this, can prevent from promptly to produce breach (Kissing Bond), thereby can improve the watertightness and the air-tightness of bonding part in the rear side of the face that carries out friction stir in the inner surface B side that is engaged hardware N2.
In addition, owing to weld by the inner surface B side from tectosome 1, compare with the situation of carrying out friction stir, therefore restrictions such as energy solving device cooperation can engage operation with comparalive ease.In addition, owing in the friction stir operation, can under the state that the pair of metal member is engaged each other, carry out friction stir temporarily, therefore can improve operation.
In addition, as shown in figure 27, contact with slot part plastification zone W8, can seal the depth direction of docking section J8 by making weld metal T1.
[the 6th embodiment]
Then, the 6th embodiment of the present invention is done explanation,, also can shown in the welding sequence of the 6th embodiment, be pre-formed recess M1 along docking section J8 though in the welding sequence of the 5th embodiment, directly docking section J8 is welded.And because the joint method of the 6th embodiment is except welding sequence, remaining is identical with the 5th embodiment, so the explanation of omitting other operation.
Shown in Figure 28 a and Figure 28 b, the welding sequence of the 6th embodiment comprises the weld metal filling work procedure that forms operation and recess M1 is filled weld metal T2 along the recess of the docking section J8 formation recess M1 of the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N2 that comes across flat board 14 and corner member R4 formation.
Shown in Figure 28 a, form in the operation at recess, the length direction along docking section J8 forms recess M1 with width, the degree of depth of stipulating from inner surface B to use known end mill mode.Though in the present embodiment, recess M1 cross section is rectangular, and other shape also can.The degree of depth of recess M1 corresponding to after the degree of depth and suitably setting in plastification zone in the friction stir operation of carrying out get final product.
Shown in Figure 28 b, in the weld metal filling work procedure, weld metal T2 is filled in recess M1.In the weld metal filling work procedure, recess M1 is carried out protuberance welding such as MIG welding or TIG welding, make weld metal T2 outstanding from inner surface B.Part to giving prominence to from inner surface B among the weld metal T2 by cutting along inner surface B, can form inner surface B smoothly.
Like this, in welding sequence, form operation and weld metal filling work procedure, the operation that can improve welding sequence by carrying out recess.And, though in the present embodiment, dock the back at corner member R with dull and stereotyped 14 and form recess M1, be not limited thereto, also can downcut the bight of corner member R4 and dull and stereotyped 14 in advance and form after the breach, make above-mentioned breach butt joint and formation recess M1.
[the 7th embodiment]
Then, the 7th embodiment of the present invention is done explanation.As shown in figure 29, in the 7th embodiment, vertically dock with the end of the second hardware 111b in the end of the hardware of pair of plates shape, the first hardware 111a and to engage this point different with the 6th embodiment.The joint method of the 7th embodiment comprises (1) butt joint operation, (2) welding sequence, (3) friction stir operation.
(1) butt joint operation
Shown in Figure 29 a, in the butt joint operation, vertically dock with the end of the second hardware 111b end of the first hardware 111a.The first hardware 111a and the second hardware 111b are tabular, but are made of the metal material of friction stir such as aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy.End at the first metal material 111a, with the wide roughly concave part 141 of the rectangular depression in width formation cross section of half of the plate of the first hardware 111a, and with the wide roughly rectangular outstanding protuberance 142 in width formation cross section of half of the plate of the first hardware 111a.Similarly, end at the second hardware 111b, with the wide roughly concave part 143 of the rectangular depression in width formation cross section of half of the plate of the second hardware 111b, and with the wide roughly rectangular outstanding protuberance 144 in width formation cross section of half of the plate of the second hardware 111b.
In the butt joint operation, make the protuberance 144 of the second hardware 111b be connected to the concave part 141 of the first hardware 111a, and the first hardware 111a is generally perpendicularly docked with the second hardware 111b.By this, on the interface of the first hardware 111a and the second hardware 111b, form docking section J110.Shown in Figure 29 b, dock with the second hardware 111b and on the first end face C that is engaged hardware N3 that forms, the positive docking section J110 that roughly is crank-like that sees occurred at the first hardware 111a.
(2) welding sequence
Shown in Figure 29 b, in welding sequence, the docking section J110 that comes across the inner corner portion I that is engaged hardware N3 is carried out welding.At this, so-called inner corner portion I is meant the angle part of the first hardware 111a and the formed inboard of the second hardware 111b.That is, in welding sequence,, carry out the TIG welding or the MIG welding waits protuberance to weld along the length direction of docking section J110 from the inner surface B (being engaged the inboard of hardware N3) that is engaged hardware N3.And, preferably to cutting and form level and smooth shape from the outstanding part of the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N3 among the formed weld metal T3 in welding sequence.
(3) friction stir operation
The friction stir operation of present embodiment comprises outstanding material 146 is installed on the formal joint operation that the outstanding material that is engaged hardware N3 is provided with operation and docking section J10 is carried out friction stir from outer surface A side.Shown in Figure 30 a, be provided with in the operation at outstanding material, go up a pair of outstanding material 146 of installation at first end face C that is engaged hardware N3 and second end face (not shown).Outstanding material 146 is and the tabular component that is engaged hardware N3 same composition that the thickness of slab of the thickness and the second hardware 111b about equally.Outstanding material 146 is configured to be engaged the upper surface flush of outer surface A and the outstanding material 146 of hardware N3, is engaged in by welding to be engaged on the hardware N3.
Engage in the operation formal, use large-scale throw G, carry out friction stir along docking section J110 from the outer surface A side that is engaged hardware N3.In the present embodiment, on outstanding material 146, on the extended line of docking section J110, set starting position S M3, on the outstanding material of not shown opposite side, set end position.Then, use large-scale throw G to carry out friction stir along docking section J110.Shown in Figure 30 b, on the J110 of docking section, form plastification zone W110 by formal joint operation.
And, when the throw right rotation, may form cavity blemish in the left side of direct of travel, when the throw anticlockwise, may form cavity blemish on the right side of direct of travel.Therefore, for example, shown in Figure 30 a, in the present embodiment, preferably make large-scale throw G anticlockwise, and from giving prominence to the starting position S of material 146 M3J110 moves along the docking section.By this, even suppose to form cavity blemish, also be formed at away from the position that is engaged hardware N3 inboard.
According to the joint method of present embodiment, also can improve watertightness and air-tightness under the situation of vertical butt joint even carry out at the pair of metal member.That is, before carrying out the friction stir operation, carry out welding sequence, can under the state of interim engages inner surface B, carry out friction stir by this from inner surface B side from the outer surface A side that is engaged hardware N3.Thereby can prevent to improve the watertightness and the air-tightness of bonding part being engaged the inner surface B side of hardware N3, promptly producing breach (Kissing Bond) in the rear side of the face that carries out friction stir.In addition, by welding, even if, also can engage operation with comparalive ease such as the such position that is difficult to carry out friction stir of inner corner portion I from the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N3.In addition, owing in the friction stir operation, under the state that the pair of metal member engages each other, carry out friction stir temporarily, therefore can improve operation.In addition, by welding, can prevent to make the second hardware 111b turn to outer surface A side owing to the thermal contraction of plastification zone W110 from the inner surface B side that is engaged hardware N3.
[the 8th embodiment]
Then, the 8th embodiment of the present invention is done explanation.The joint method of the 8th embodiment is the variation of the 7th embodiment, and this point that has recess with regard to inner corner portion I is different with the 7th embodiment.The joint method of the 8th embodiment comprises (1) butt joint operation, (2) welding sequence, (3) friction stir operation.
(1) butt joint operation
Shown in Figure 31 a, in the butt joint operation, vertically dock with the end of the second hardware 151b end of the first hardware 151a.The first hardware 151a and the second hardware 151b are tabular, but are made of the metal material of friction stir such as aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy.The first hardware 151a has main part 152, than thin first step portion 153 of main part 152 and the second step portion 154 thinner than first step portion 153.The thickness of slab of the length p of second step portion 154 and the second hardware 151b about equally.The length q of first step portion 153 is littler than the length of second step portion 154.
Shown in Figure 31 b, in the butt joint operation, make the end face 155 of the second hardware 151b be connected to the second step portion 154 of the first hardware 151a.Like this, main part 152, first step portion 153 and the second hardware 151b by the first hardware 151a forms the rectangular recess M2 in cross section.That is, form recess M2 along coming across the formed docking section J111 that is engaged the inner corner portion I of hardware N4 of the first hardware 151a and the second hardware 151b.
(2) welding sequence
Shown in Figure 31 c, in welding sequence, the recess M2 that forms along the docking section J111 that is engaged hardware N4 is carried out protuberance welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding.And, to cutting and form level and smooth shape from the outstanding part of the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N4 among the weld metal T4 that forms in the welding sequence.
(3) friction stir operation
In the friction stir operation, use large-scale throw G to carry out friction stir from the outer surface A side of docking section J111.Because friction stir operation and the 7th embodiment are roughly the same, therefore omit detailed explanation.
According to the joint method of present embodiment, can obtain the effect identical with the 7th embodiment, even and under the situation of the first hardware 151a and the second hardware 151b vertical butt joint, by recess M2 is set, can easily carry out weld job.
In addition, though omission specific description, but shown in figure 32, use the joint method of the 8th embodiment, can form the tectosome 150 of the rectangular tubular in the cross section that forms by the first hardware 151a, the second hardware 151b, the 3rd hardware 151c identical and the 4th hardware 151d identical with the second hardware 151d with the first hardware 151a.This tectosome 150 for example can use as vacuum tank.And, also can make the weld metal T4 that forms in regional W111 of the plastification that forms in the friction stir operation and the welding sequence overlapping as required, can further improve air-tightness and watertightness.
[the 9th embodiment]
Then, the 9th embodiment of the present invention is done explanation.As Figure 33 and shown in Figure 34, in the joint method of the 9th embodiment, engage the lid member 161b that is cylindrical member 161a cylindraceous and covers the end of cylindrical member 161a.The 9th embodiment is the variation of the 4th embodiment.The joint method of present embodiment comprises (1) butt joint operation, (2) welding sequence, (3) friction stir operation.
As shown in figure 33, in the butt joint operation, the end face of cylindrical member 161a is docked with lid member 161b.Cylindrical member 161a is hardware cylindraceous.The end of cylindrical member 161a has that width with half of thickness of slab is recessed to form the rectangular concave part in cross section 162 and with half the outstanding rectangular protuberance 163 in cross section that forms of width of thickness of slab.
Lid member 161b is the member that seamlessly covers the peristome of cylindrical member 161a, has discoideus main part 164, protrudes in distolateral and a teat 165 that the cross section is rounded of main part 164.Teat 165 is concentric with main part 164, and diameter is littler than the diameter of main part 164.
As shown in figure 34, cylindrical member 161a is docked with lid member 161b, make the concave part 162 of cylindrical member 161a and teat 165 butts of lid member 161b.Cylindrical member 161a docks with lid member 161b and forms docking section J112.The member that cylindrical member 161a and lid member 161b constitute is for being engaged hardware N5.
(2) welding sequence
Shown in Figure 34 a, in welding sequence, weld along the docking section J112 that is formed at the inner corner portion I ' that is engaged hardware N5.In the present embodiment, carry out TIG welding or MIG welding and wait protuberance to weld, make weld metal T5 overlook direction and see and circularly be formed at the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N5.
(3) friction stir operation
Shown in Figure 34 b, in the friction stir operation, use large-scale throw G to carry out friction stir along docking section J112 from the outer surface A side that is engaged hardware N5.In the friction stir operation, make large-scale throw G right rotation along docking section J112, and make large-scale throw G observe counterclockwise mobile from the face side of lid member 161b and carry out friction stir.Like this, by making large-scale throw G right rotation, and will cover the left side that member 161b is disposed at direct of travel, by this, the possibility that forms cavity blemish in lid member 161b side uprises.Like this, cavity blemish can be formed at the position away from the hollow bulb that is engaged hardware N5.
According to the joint method of the 9th embodiment, even when engaging cylindrical member 161a and cover the distolateral lid member 161b of cylindrical member 161a, also can improve watertightness and air-tightness.That is, before carrying out the friction stir operation, carry out welding sequence, by this, can under the state of interim engages inner surface B, carry out friction stir from the inner surface B side that is engaged hardware N5 from the outer surface A that is engaged hardware N5.In addition, by welding, even be difficult to like this carry out such as inner corner portion I ' on the position of friction stir, because the problems such as cooperation of energy solving device can engage operation with comparalive ease from the inner surface B that is engaged hardware N5.In addition,, hardware is engaged each other temporarily, therefore can easily carry out the operation of friction stir operation owing to can before the friction stir operation, carry out welding sequence.
Though above embodiments of the present invention are illustrated, can do suitable change not deviating from the scope of the inventive concept.For example, in welding sequence, be not limited to TIG welding or MIG welding, also can adopt other known welding method.

Claims (16)

1. joint method, the pair of metal member is docked each other form the docking section, it is characterized in that, after carrying out that described docking section carried out the friction stir operation of friction stir from the one side side, carry out the welding sequence that described docking section is welded from the another side side.
2. joint method, in the tectosome of the tubular that forms in a plurality of hardware butt joints, described hardware is docked each other form the docking section, it is characterized in that, carrying out to described docking section after the outer surface side of described tectosome is carried out the friction stir operation of friction stir, carrying out the welding sequence that described docking section is welded from the inner surface side of described tectosome.
3. joint method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the plastification zone that forms in described friction stir operation is contacted with the weld metal that forms in described welding sequence.
4. joint method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in described welding sequence, comprises weld metal is filled in weld metal filling work procedure in the recess that forms along the docking section that comes across described another side.
5. joint method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, in described welding sequence, comprises weld metal is filled in along the docking section of the inner surface that comes across described tectosome and the weld metal filling work procedure in the recess that forms.
6. joint method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described friction stir operation, be included in and utilize before the formal joint operation that large-scale throw formally engages the interim joint operation of utilizing small-sized throw temporarily to engage.
7. joint method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described friction stir operation, be included in the outstanding material that the both sides of described docking section dispose the outstanding material arrangement step of a pair of outstanding material and carry out friction stir along the described outstanding material and the docking section of described hardware and engage operation temporarily.
8. joint method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, in described friction stir operation, the predetermined insertion position that is included in the throw that carries out friction stir is pre-formed the guide hole formation operation of guide hole.
9. joint method, the pair of metal member is docked each other form the docking section, it is characterized in that, carrying out to described docking section after the welding sequence that the another side side is welded, carrying out described docking section is carried out from the one side side friction stir operation of friction stir.
10. joint method, in the tectosome of the tubular that forms in a plurality of hardware butt joints, described hardware is docked each other form the docking section, it is characterized in that, carrying out to described docking section after the welding sequence that the inner surface side of described tectosome is welded, carrying out described docking section is carried out from the outer surface side of described tectosome the friction stir operation of friction stir.
11. as claim 9 or 10 described joint methods, it is characterized in that, the weld metal that forms in described welding sequence contacted with the plastification that forms in described friction stir operation zone.
12. joint method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, in described welding sequence, comprises weld metal is filled in weld metal filling work procedure in the recess that forms along the docking section that comes across described another side.
13. joint method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, in described welding sequence, comprises weld metal is filled in along the docking section of the inner surface that comes across described tectosome and the weld metal filling work procedure in the recess that forms.
14. as claim 9 or 10 described joint methods, it is characterized in that, in described friction stir operation, be included in and utilize before the formal joint operation that large-scale throw carries out the interim joint operation of utilizing small-sized throw temporarily to engage.
15. as claim 9 or 10 described joint methods, it is characterized in that, in described friction stir operation, be included in the outstanding material that the both sides of described docking section dispose the outstanding material arrangement step of a pair of outstanding material and carry out friction stir along the described outstanding material and the docking section of described hardware and engage operation temporarily.
16., it is characterized in that in described friction stir operation, the predetermined insertion position that is included in the throw that carries out friction stir is pre-formed the guide hole formation operation of guide hole as claim 9 or 10 described joint methods.
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TWI389754B (en) 2013-03-21
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KR20120109615A (en) 2012-10-08
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WO2009081731A1 (en) 2009-07-02
TWI504459B (en) 2015-10-21

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