CN101881019B - High tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and exhaust method of flood discharge tunnel - Google Patents
High tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and exhaust method of flood discharge tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101881019B CN101881019B CN2010102397864A CN201010239786A CN101881019B CN 101881019 B CN101881019 B CN 101881019B CN 2010102397864 A CN2010102397864 A CN 2010102397864A CN 201010239786 A CN201010239786 A CN 201010239786A CN 101881019 B CN101881019 B CN 101881019B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and an exhaust method of the flood discharge tunnel. The flood discharge tunnel comprises a water inlet, wherein the water inlet is connected with a diversion waterway, and the diversion waterway can be connected with a vertical cylindrical vortex chamber capable of generating vertical vortex water flow; a vent shaft is arranged at the top end of the vertical cylindrical vortex chamber, and the bottom of the vertical cylindrical vortex chamber is connected with the top end of a vertical shaft through a contraction section; the bottom of the vertical shaft is connected with a water outlet tunnel rebuilt by a diversion tunnel, and the front section of the water outlet tunnel is provided with a water-blocking pier forming a plunge pool; and the tail section of the water outlet tunnel is provided with an exhaust shaft device. The water-blocking pier is arranged at the front section of the water outlet tunnel to form the plunge pool, so that water flow gradually forms a pressurized air-water stratified subcritical flow state, and then an air bag is arranged at the top of the water outlet tunnel; and the vent shaft device is arranged at the tail section of the water outlet tunnel, so that a lot of air is exhausted into the atmosphere through the exhaust shaft device, and the air explosion of the outlet completely disappears.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for exhausting of a kind of high tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and flood discharging tunnel; It is a kind of hydraulic facility; Being a kind of facility that is used for the flood discharge of large hydraulic engineering and tonifying Qi energy dissipating in the hole, is a kind ofly to use the reconstruction of diversion tunnel in the dam construction to be the tonifying Qi energy-dissipating installation of flood discharging tunnel and the method for energy dissipating.
Background technology
It is that the mode of rotational flow flood discharging tunnel is published that dam is built up the discarded reconstruction of diversion tunnel in back, like Chinese patent " a kind of flood discharging method and flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation " (open day of the patent No.: zl200710163314.3: on March 26th, 2008) just proposed a kind of method of utilizing discarded reconstruction of diversion tunnel rotational flow flood discharging tunnel.Described method does not mention at eddy flow under the high tailwater level in the cave of debouchure, how solving the problem that air is discharged after the aqueous vapor separation.
When tailwater level is higher than top, cave of debouchure hole, be defined as the high water level flood discharging tunnel.In common situation, when free flow flow velocity in the hole was above greater than 30m/s, tailwater level was risen below the 2m and can both hydraulic jump be gone out outside the hole than the hole.But, because after rotational flow silo flood discharging tunnel current process vertical shaft eddy flow and the annular hydraulic jump energy dissipating, when under gross head 100m, moving; Flow velocity is less than 25m/s in the hole, and therefore, tailwater depth is pushed up a little more than the hole; Just can not hydraulic jump be gone out outside the hole, transition between free and pressure flow phenomenon occur in the hole this moment.Though the hydraulic jump intensity that produces weakens, a large amount of gases that carry in the hole form air bag, and current one leave the hole, and bubble rises rapidly, in the moment of the contact water surface gas explosion phenomenon take place.
Gas explosion is a kind of special water hammer.For the gas-water mixture of pressing in the hole is arranged, constantly rise to float at the flow process bubble and push up to the hole, be agglomerated into air vesicle gradually;, air bag rises rapidly when going out the hole; Moment at the contact water surface vanishes, and the water body of filling former air bag space produces water hammer, causes the fluctuation that the water surface is huge.This gas explosion phenomenon threatens the safety of outlet structure, is unallowed, must take explosion precaution.Therefore, high tailwater level flood discharging tunnel must be got rid of bubble in the hole, eliminates the gas explosion phenomenon.Existing exhaust facility roughly has two kinds:
The one, establish exhaust chamber at the flood discharging tunnel inducer, air trapping is concentrated eliminating again in air chamber, because the volume of air chamber is impracticable to big-and-middle-sized engineering too greatly.
The 2nd, the long distributed and arranged exhaust shaft along the full hole of the cave of debouchure like flood discharging tunnel in the India spy, is arranged the exhaust shaft more than six roads in the hole, be communicated with total exhaust hole, cave of debouchure top.The shortcoming that adopts this kind exhaust shaft to arrange is, along the long ballonet phenomenon of going around that occurs discontinuously of the cave of debouchure, the outlet gas explosion is not also thoroughly eliminated (1); (2) if exhaust shaft leads to the mountain top, then gas well is very high, and destroys vegetation on the mountain, and then engineering quantity is bigger if the total exhaust of excavation hole is communicated with gas well, and operating expenses is too high, and is economical inadequately.Therefore need to propose a kind of cheaper method, reduce operating expenses.
Summary of the invention
For solving prior art problems, the present invention proposes the method for exhausting of a kind of high tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and flood discharging tunnel.Described flood discharging tunnel is provided with the twice exhaust shaft near utilizing cave of debouchure outlet, discharges the air in the air bag in the cave of debouchure, makes the cave of debouchure quick-fried phenomenon complete obiteration of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of high tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel; Described flood discharging tunnel comprises water inlet; Described water inlet is connected with derivation conduit; Described derivation conduit is connected with the vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber that can produce vertical vortex water flow; The top of described vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber is provided with ventilation well (if derivation conduit press pressure flow design), and the bottom of described vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber is connected with the top of vertical shaft employing contraction section, and described silo bottom is connected with the cave of debouchure by reconstruction of diversion tunnel; Described cave of debouchure leading portion is provided with the pier that blocks water that forms cushion pool; The latter end of the described cave of debouchure is provided with the exhaust shaft device, and described exhaust shaft device comprises two first exhaust shaft and second exhaust shafts arranged by water (flow) direction, and the center line of described second exhaust shaft is 1.4 times vertical shaft diameter to the distance of cave of debouchure delivery port; The center line of described second exhaust shaft is 1.6 times a vertical shaft diameter to the distance of the center line of first exhaust shaft, and the diameter of described first exhaust shaft and second exhaust shaft is 0.15 times a vertical shaft diameter.
A kind of method for exhausting that uses above-mentioned flood discharging tunnel, the step of said method is following:
Current get into the step of flood discharging tunnel water inlet: be used for the water inlet that water flow stationary flows into flood discharging tunnel, only have air in a small amount in the current;
The step that current flow in the flood discharging tunnel derivation conduit: be used for current and flow so that pressure condition to be arranged at derivation conduit;
Current get into volute chamber and produce the step of eddy flow current: be used for current and get into vertical cylinder from the tangential direction of the vertical cylinder of volute chamber; And vertically forming vertical eddy flow in the cylinder around the vertical shaft axle; Vertically eddy flow is in rotary course, and the ventilation well from pressure flow derivation conduit volute chamber top sucks a large amount of air;
The step that vertical eddy flow falls along vertical shaft: be used for current and after volute chamber forms vertical eddy flow, flow into the vertical shaft from the volute chamber bottom; Described vertical eddy flow forms the eddy flow of being close to the vertical shaft borehole wall on vertical shaft top; The place forms the rotational flow air chamber in the vertical shaft axis; In vertical shaft, the bottom produces that annular hydraulic jump is gentle, water amalgam water subfill has stoped the water impact vertical shaft that falls base plate; Carry out powerful turbulent fluctuation energy dissipating simultaneously, a large amount of air remain in the current with bubble form, and current are high pressure and pressure fluctuation meter current at silo bottom;
Get into the step of the cave of debouchure at current under the effect of cushion pool: be used for current and under action of gravity, fall to silo bottom; Owing near the import of the cave of debouchure, be provided with the pier that blocks water; Make the inducer of the cave of debouchure form cushion pool; Cushion pool produces strong energy dissipating effect once more, and makes in the cave of debouchure of entering straight section of water flow stationary of the turnaround section cave of debouchure;
The step that bubble is separated out gradually: current are in cave of debouchure outlet section process of flowing, and the bubble in the water is separated out from water gradually, on the water surface, form air bag;
The step of gas collection: be used for the air that the gas collection bank is collected air bag being set at cave of debouchure latter end;
The step of exhaust air: the exhaust shaft that is used for behind the gas collection bank, being provided with enters the air of air bag in the atmosphere, and the pressure in the cave of debouchure is reduced;
The step that remaining air bag is discharged from cave of debouchure outlet: be used under the relieving stagnant Qi bank effect on top, delivery port hole, tearing residual air bag, destroy the root that produces gas explosion, current are not having steadily to flow into downstream under the situation of gas explosion.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: utilize the Diversion Tunnel of discarding behind the dam construction as the maximum cave of debouchure of flood discharging tunnel construction volume; Form cushion pool at the cave of debouchure leading portion setting pier that blocks water; Current are formed with gradually calm the anger in the flow process of the cave of debouchure, water stratification unhurried current situation, form air bag afterwards at cave of debouchure top.Latter end at the cave of debouchure is provided with ventilation well device, and a large amount of air are entered in the atmosphere through the exhaust shaft device, outlet gas explosion complete obiteration.Because being set, the pier that blocks water just in the cave of debouchure of discarded reconstruction of diversion tunnel, increases the simple cement pier; And the exhaust shaft device is arranged on the cave of debouchure latter end of reconstruction of diversion tunnel; And the latter end of Diversion Tunnel is common and massif shows very approaching; So the engineering quantity of excavation ventilation well is little, engineering cost reduces greatly.In addition, general two exhaust shafts of excavation that only need of exhaust shaft device, additional steam vent construction and construction are also very simple, and therefore, the engineering cost of exhaust shaft device is also very low.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention one a described flood discharging tunnel structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention one described flood discharging tunnel pier sketch map that blocks water, and is that E among Fig. 1 is to view;
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the invention two, three described flood discharging tunnels push up the exhaust shaft of setting and the generalized section of gas collection bank at the cave of debouchure, is the enlarged drawing that B is ordered among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 exhaust shaft that to be the embodiment of the invention two, three described flood discharging tunnels be provided with on cave of debouchure top and the sketch map of gas collection bank are that B is ordered among Fig. 1 A is to enlarged drawing;
Fig. 5 is the relieving stagnant Qi bank sketch map of the embodiment of the invention nine described flood discharging tunnels, is the enlarged drawing that F is ordered among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the relieving stagnant Qi bank sketch map of the embodiment of the invention nine described flood discharging tunnels, be among Fig. 5 G to view;
Fig. 7 is the relieving stagnant Qi bank sketch map of the embodiment of the invention nine described flood discharging tunnels, be among Fig. 5 H to view.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
Present embodiment is a kind of high tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel, and is as shown in Figure 1.The described flood discharging tunnel of present embodiment comprises water inlet 1; Described water inlet is connected with pressure derivation conduit (more than design flood level, being pressure flow) 2 is arranged, and described have the derivation conduit of pressure to be connected with the vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber 4 that can produce vertical vortex water flow, and the top of described vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber is provided with ventilation well 3; The bottom of described vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber adopts the contraction transition section to be connected with the top of vertical shaft 5; Described silo bottom is connected with the cave of debouchure 9 by reconstruction of diversion tunnel, near the described cave of debouchure and the import that vertical shaft is connected, and cave of debouchure leading portion just; The pier 8 that blocks water that constitutes cushion pool 7 is set; The described cave of debouchure is provided with near outlet 15, and just the latter end of the cave of debouchure is provided with exhaust shaft device 11,12.
Present embodiment has utilized Diversion Tunnel discarded after construction.Former Diversion Tunnel is the tunnel that passes through massif 10, and the water at the upper reaches is guided to downstream, so that dam construction is promptly discarded after dam is accomplished.Section configuration for ease of the former Diversion Tunnel of constructing is a gateway opening shape, and promptly the first half is a circular arc, and Lower Half is rectangle, and is as shown in Figure 2.Present embodiment is provided with water inlet at the high water level place at the upper reaches, and the derivation conduit that water inlet is connected with volute chamber is set.The outlet of derivation conduit is arranged on a side of vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber, makes current get into cylinder along the tangential direction of cylinder, produces asymmetric shape eddy current with this.Because of reservoir current in the derivation conduit when the high water level are that pressure flow is moving, therefore, vertically the volute chamber top of cylinder is provided with the ventilation well, so that current can suck a large amount of air during eddy flow in volute chamber.To keep vertical shaft to form the stable rotating flow motion that has cavity and to avoid vertical shaft negative pressure to occur.The bottom of volute chamber adopts contraction section to link to each other with vertical shaft.Vertical shaft is connected with Diversion Tunnel, and uses concrete plug 6 part that the Diversion Tunnel upper reaches are unnecessary to separate and discarded, stays the cave of debouchure of trip part as flood discharging tunnel.In order to increase the energy dissipating effect, the cave of debouchure leading portion that connects at silo bottom is provided with cushion pool.Cushion pool is formed by the pier that blocks water that is arranged on cave of debouchure leading portion.The pier that blocks water is to be combined by the middle pier at the bottom of the abutment pier of two side and the center aperture, and cross section is triangle steel reinforced concrete pier, and is as shown in Figure 2, makes silo bottom to the one section cave of debouchure that blocks water between the pier keep certain pressure, constitutes cushion pool.
Cave of debouchure latter end is provided with the exhaust shaft device.The exhaust shaft device comprises according to tactic two the tandem exhaust shafts of the direction of current.The import of exhaust shaft is arranged on the top of the cave of debouchure, the position that air is assembled the most easily.For making air flow into exhaust shaft smoothly, can the gas collection bank 14 that be similar to pressing plate be set at the upper reaches of exhaust shaft import department water (flow) direction.The import of exhaust shaft can be set to tubaeform, and the lid with even air inlet is set on horn mouth, better realizes the separation of water and air.Outlet at the cave of debouchure is provided with relieving stagnant Qi bank 13.The relieving stagnant Qi bank is the triangle pressing plate (centre is embedded with the vertical metal plate of Parallel to the flow direction) that is arranged on top, outlet hole.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about the exhaust shaft device, like Fig. 2, shown in 3.Described two exhaust shafts of present embodiment are arranged as first exhaust shaft and second exhaust shaft by water (flow) direction; The center line of described second exhaust shaft is 1.4 times vertical shaft diameter to the distance of cave of debouchure delivery port; The center line of described second exhaust shaft is 1.6 times a vertical shaft diameter to the distance of the center line of first exhaust shaft, and the diameter of described first exhaust shaft and second exhaust shaft is 0.15 times a vertical shaft diameter.
Present embodiment is established the twice exhaust shaft on top, cave of debouchure latter end hole, and exhaust shaft is apart from the outlet 1.4D (D-vertical shaft diameter) of the cave of debouchure, the spacing 1.6D of twice exhaust shaft.Research points out that when exporting Tailwater Depth/hole height >=1.5 (or top, hole depth of the water submerging/hole height >=1.5), buried depth is very high on the top, hole owing to tailwater level; The hole internal water pressure of the cave of debouchure is very big; At this moment fluidised form changes fully in the hole, is the flowing full except that the import and export of the cave of debouchure is a bit of, and full hole is the stable water stratification unhurried current fluidised form (clear water layer mean flow rate is less than 10m/s in the hole) of calming the anger; The cave of debouchure is evenly distributed along stroke pressure, has eliminated the gas explosion phenomenon of outlet fully through exhaust plant.
Embodiment three:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment two, is the refinement of embodiment two about the exhaust shaft device, like Fig. 2, shown in 3.The upper reaches of the air inlet port of the junction, top of described first exhaust shaft of present embodiment and the cave of debouchure are provided with the gas collection bank; Described gas collection bank is a right-angled triangle at the longitudinal profile on top, hole; The long right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is close to the top, water hole; The hypotenuse of said right-angled triangle is a upstream face, and the short right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is a back side, and the horizontal projection of said gas collection bank is that drift angle is the isosceles triangle of circular arc; The base of said isosceles triangle is a back side, and the circular arc drift angle of said isosceles triangle is a upstream face.
Present embodiment is being established the gas collection bank near the aperture upstream extremity of the first road exhaust shaft, utilizes the fast principle of bobble rise velocity, and great amount of bubbles is collected in the exhaust shaft; The second road exhaust shaft continues to get rid of remaining gas.
Embodiment four:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment three, is that the refinement of embodiment three said gas collection banks is as shown in Figure 3.The long right-angle side of the right-angled triangle of longitudinal center's section of the described gas collection bank of present embodiment is 0.4 times a vertical shaft diameter; The short right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is 0.3 times a vertical shaft diameter, and leg-of-mutton short right-angle side is 0.06 times vertical shaft diameter to the distance of exhaust shaft well head.
Because the gas collection bank is arranged on the top of the cave of debouchure, the top of the cave of debouchure is a circular arc, and it is as shown in Figure 4 that isosceles triangle top of horizontal projection that therefore sets out the gas collection bank on top, water hole becomes shaped form.
Embodiment five:
Present embodiment is to implement two improvement, is the refinement of embodiment two about first exhaust shaft, like Fig. 3, shown in 4.The import of the junction on described first exhaust shaft of present embodiment and cave of debouchure top is tubaeform 111, and bell-mouthed big end is provided with end cap 112, and a plurality of steam vents 113 evenly distribute on the described end cap.
As everyone knows, air vent is if carry single air dielectric, and the big more displacement in aperture is many more.And the steam vent here will be got rid of to have and presses natant bubble and air bag in the flood discharging tunnel, therefore has only the exhaust shaft bottom to adopt aperture just can reach the purpose of exhaust, avoids carrying outside a large amount of water ejection wells.Present embodiment, then can be got rid of a large amount of water if adopt and the same large diameter steam vent of exhaust shaft according to this a kind of principle design, reduce exhaust effect, and the water surface produces unstable oscillation and the blowout phenomenon occurs in the well.
Embodiment six:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment five, is the refinement of embodiment five about first exhaust shaft, like Fig. 3, shown in 4.The bell-mouthed outside diameter of described first exhaust shaft of present embodiment is 0.4 times a vertical shaft diameter; The thickness of said end cap is 0.1 times vertical shaft diameter; The steam vent that five vertical sections are set on the end cap is the waist type, the thinnest portion diameter of steam vent is 0.04 times of vertical shaft diameter.
Embodiment seven:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment two, is the refinement of embodiment two about second exhaust shaft, like Fig. 2, shown in 3.The import of the junction on described second exhaust shaft of present embodiment and cave of debouchure top is tubaeform, and bell-mouthed big end is provided with end cap 121, and described end cap is provided with the steam vent 122 of at least one diameter less than the second exhaust shaft diameter.
Embodiment eight:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment seven, is the refinement of embodiment about second exhaust shaft, like Fig. 3, shown in 4.The bell-mouthed ending cover thickness of described second exhaust shaft of present embodiment is 0.05 times a vertical shaft diameter; The steam vent that a vertical section is set on the end cap is the waist type; The outside diameter of said steam vent is 0.12 times a vertical shaft diameter, and the diameter at the thinnest position of waist type is 0.05 times a vertical shaft diameter.
Embodiment nine:
Present embodiment is the improvement of the foregoing description, is the improvement of the foregoing description about delivery port, like Fig. 1, shown in 5.The top at the delivery port place of the described cave of debouchure of present embodiment is provided with the relieving stagnant Qi bank; Longitudinal center's section of described relieving stagnant Qi bank is a right-angled triangle, and the long right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is close to the top, water hole, and the hypotenuse of said right-angled triangle is a upstream face; The short right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is a back side; The horizontal projection of said relieving stagnant Qi bank is an isosceles triangle, and the base of said isosceles triangle is a back side, and the drift angle of said isosceles triangle is a upstream face.The long right-angle side of right-angled triangle is 0.5 times a vertical shaft diameter, and the short right-angle side of right-angled triangle is 0.4 times a vertical shaft diameter.The base of the isosceles triangle of the horizontal projection of relieving stagnant Qi bank is 0.5 times a vertical shaft diameter.
Present embodiment is provided with the relieving stagnant Qi bank at the outlet top of the cave of debouchure, with the air bag destruction of remnants.Can not discharge the air in the hole fully because adopt twice or multiple tracks exhaust shaft; Still have remaining bubble to be collected at outlet section and form air bag, moment shifts out and produces the gas explosion phenomenon outside the hole, though the intensity of gas explosion this moment weakens; But do not hope to take place yet; Therefore utilize the relieving stagnant Qi bank can the air bag of remnants be torn, destroy the condition that gas explosion takes place, just can eliminate the gas explosion phenomenon fully.
For making the relieving stagnant Qi better effects if, can increase a triangle metal sheet 122 at triangle pier 121 centers, like Fig. 5,6, shown in 7, the thickness of metal sheet is 0.015 meter.
Embodiment ten:
A kind of method for exhausting that uses the said flood discharging tunnel of the foregoing description of present embodiment, the step of said method is following:
Current get into the step of flood discharging tunnel water inlet: be used for the water inlet that water flow stationary flows into flood discharging tunnel, only have air in a small amount in the current.Basically do not have air at the derivation conduit of pressure flow and have air in the derivation conduit current at pressure free current.Present embodiment refers to mainly that derivation conduit is having under the operating mode of pressure when high reservoir level.
The step that current flow in the flood discharging tunnel derivation conduit: be used for current and flow so that pressure condition to be arranged at derivation conduit.If it is moving that the current in the next derivation conduit of operating mode of low reservoir level are pressure free current.
Current get into volute chamber and produce the step of eddy flow current: be used for current and get into vertical cylinder from the tangential direction of the vertical cylinder of volute chamber; And vertically forming vertical eddy flow in the cylinder around the vertical shaft axle, the ventilation well that vertical eddy flow pushes up from pressure flow derivation conduit volute chamber in rotary course sucks a large amount of air.If under the operating mode of low reservoir level, because derivation conduit is a pressure free current, then from air feed between the hole head space of pressure free current derivation conduit.
The step that vertical eddy flow falls along vertical shaft: be used for current and after volute chamber forms vertical eddy flow, flow into the vertical shaft from the volute chamber bottom; Described vertical eddy flow forms the eddy flow of being close to the vertical shaft borehole wall on vertical shaft top; The place forms the rotational flow air chamber in the vertical shaft axis; In vertical shaft, the bottom produces that annular hydraulic jump is gentle, water amalgam bed course has stoped the water impact vertical shaft that falls base plate; Carry out powerful turbulent fluctuation energy dissipating simultaneously, a large amount of air remain in the current with bubble form, and current are high pressure and pressure fluctuation meter current at silo bottom.
Get into the step of the cave of debouchure at current under the effect of cushion pool: be used for current and under action of gravity, fall to silo bottom; Owing near the import of the cave of debouchure, be provided with the pier that blocks water; Make the inducer of the cave of debouchure form cushion pool; Be pressure dissipator, cushion pool produces strong energy dissipating effect once more, and makes in the cave of debouchure of entering straight section of water flow stationary of the turnaround section cave of debouchure.Make and constitute the pressure cushion pool in silo bottom to this section of pier hole that blocks water; Aerated flow carries out the once energy dissipating effect of strong turbulent fluctuation again in cushion pool; And section carries out the transition to straight hole section stably from curved hole to make current, the downstream cave of debouchure is formed with calm the anger, water stratification unhurried current situation.
The step that bubble is separated out gradually: current are in cave of debouchure outlet section process of flowing, and the bubble in the water is separated out from water gradually, on the water surface, form air bag.
The step of gas collection: be used for the air that the gas collection bank is collected air bag being set at cave of debouchure latter end;
The step of exhaust air: the exhaust shaft that is used for behind the gas collection bank, being provided with enters the air of air bag in the atmosphere, and the pressure in the cave of debouchure is reduced, and produces the energy dissipating effect;
The step that remaining air bag is discharged from cave of debouchure outlet: be used under the relieving stagnant Qi bank effect on top, delivery port hole, tearing residual air bag; Destroy the root that produces gas explosion; The bubble that current carry dispersion leaves the hole, is not having steadily to flow into downstream river course under the situation of gas explosion.
Present embodiment is provided with the twice exhaust shaft in cave of debouchure lower exit section.Its effect is: cave of debouchure total length is formed with calm the anger, water stratification unhurried current situation; Flow velocity drops to below the 10m/s in the hole; And cave of debouchure latter end is for calming the anger the water mixed flow, and bubble coalescence becomes mobile air bag at Dong Ding, and bubble is deflated the special device of well and collects gradually and discharge.The aqueous vapor separating process is: current are formed with the water stratification unhurried current situation of calming the anger at the leading portion of the cave of debouchure; Current are in cave of debouchure outlet section process of flowing; Bubble in the water is separated out from water gradually, on the water surface, forms air bag, becomes the flowing full fluidised form (reduction of hole internal pressure) that has bubble and air bag; Bubble and air bag swim in the top, hole, discharge gradually from exhaust shaft.
What should explain at last is; Below only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although the present invention is specified with reference to the preferred arrangement scheme; Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can be equal to replacement, and not break away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention technical scheme of the present invention (such as the profile of exhaust shaft, size, arrangement etc.) person of making amendment.
Claims (9)
1. high tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel; Described flood discharging tunnel comprises water inlet, and described water inlet is connected with derivation conduit, and described derivation conduit is connected with the vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber that can produce vertical vortex water flow; The top of described vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber is provided with the ventilation well; The bottom of described vertical cylindrical shape volute chamber and the top of vertical shaft adopt contraction section to be connected, and described silo bottom is connected with the cave of debouchure by reconstruction of diversion tunnel, and described cave of debouchure leading portion is provided with the pier that blocks water of formation cushion pool; The latter end of the described cave of debouchure is provided with the exhaust shaft device; It is characterized in that described exhaust shaft device comprises two first exhaust shaft and second exhaust shafts arranged by water (flow) direction, the center line of described second exhaust shaft is 1.4 times vertical shaft diameter to the distance of cave of debouchure delivery port; The center line of described second exhaust shaft is 1.6 times a vertical shaft diameter to the distance of the center line of first exhaust shaft, and the diameter of described first exhaust shaft and second exhaust shaft is 0.15 times a vertical shaft diameter.
2. flood discharging tunnel according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the upper reaches of the air inlet port of the junction, top of described first exhaust shaft and the cave of debouchure are provided with the gas collection bank, longitudinal center's section of described gas collection bank is a right-angled triangle; The long right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is close to the top, water hole; The hypotenuse of said right-angled triangle is a upstream face, and the short right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is a back side, and the horizontal projection of said gas collection bank is that drift angle is the isosceles triangle of circular arc; The base of said isosceles triangle is a back side, and the circular arc drift angle of said isosceles triangle is a upstream face.
3. flood discharging tunnel according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The long right-angle side of the right-angled triangle of longitudinal center's section of described gas collection bank is 0.4 times a vertical shaft diameter; The short right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is 0.3 times a vertical shaft diameter, and leg-of-mutton short right-angle side is 0.06 times vertical shaft diameter to the distance of the first exhaust shaft well head.
4. flood discharging tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the import of the junction on described first exhaust shaft and cave of debouchure top is tubaeform, and bell-mouthed big end is provided with end cap, and a plurality of steam vents evenly distribute on the described end cap.
5. flood discharging tunnel according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; The bell-mouthed outside diameter of described first exhaust shaft is 0.4 times a vertical shaft diameter; The thickness of said end cap is 0.1 times vertical shaft diameter, the steam vent that five vertical sections are set on the end cap is the waist type, and the thinnest portion of the waist type of steam vent diameter is 0.04 times of vertical shaft diameter.
6. flood discharging tunnel according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The import of the junction on described second exhaust shaft and cave of debouchure top is tubaeform, and bell-mouthed big end is provided with end cap, and described end cap is provided with the steam vent of at least one diameter less than the second exhaust shaft diameter.
7. flood discharging tunnel according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; The bell-mouthed ending cover thickness of described second exhaust shaft is 0.05 times a vertical shaft diameter; The steam vent that a vertical section is set on the end cap is the waist type, the outside diameter of said steam vent is 0.12 times a vertical shaft diameter, the waist type diameter at thin position is 0.05 times a vertical shaft diameter.
8. according to the described flood discharging tunnel of one of claim 2-7; It is characterized in that the top at the delivery port place of the described cave of debouchure is provided with the relieving stagnant Qi bank, longitudinal center's section of described relieving stagnant Qi bank is a right-angled triangle; The long right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is close to the top, water hole; The hypotenuse of said right-angled triangle is a upstream face, and the short right-angle side of said right-angled triangle is a back side, and the horizontal projection of said relieving stagnant Qi bank is an isosceles triangle; The base of said isosceles triangle is a back side, and the drift angle of said isosceles triangle is a upstream face.
9. method for exhausting that uses the said flood discharging tunnel of claim 8, the step of said method is following:
Current get into the step of flood discharging tunnel water inlet: be used for the water inlet that water flow stationary flows into flood discharging tunnel, only have air in a small amount in the current;
The step that current flow in the flood discharging tunnel derivation conduit: be used for current and flow so that pressure condition to be arranged at derivation conduit;
Current get into volute chamber and produce the step of eddy flow current: be used for current and get into vertical cylinder from the tangential direction of the vertical cylinder of volute chamber; And vertically forming vertical eddy flow in the cylinder around the vertical shaft axle; Vertically eddy flow is in rotary course, and the ventilation well from pressure flow derivation conduit volute chamber top sucks a large amount of air;
The step that vertical eddy flow falls along vertical shaft: be used for current and after volute chamber forms vertical eddy flow, flow into the vertical shaft from the volute chamber bottom; Described vertical eddy flow forms the eddy flow of being close to the vertical shaft borehole wall on vertical shaft top; The place forms the rotational flow air chamber in the vertical shaft axis; In vertical shaft, the bottom produces that annular hydraulic jump is gentle, water amalgam water subfill has stoped the water impact vertical shaft that falls base plate; Carry out powerful turbulent fluctuation energy dissipating simultaneously, a large amount of air remain in the current with bubble form, and current are high pressure and pressure fluctuation meter current at silo bottom;
It is characterized in that:
Get into the step of the cave of debouchure at current under the effect of cushion pool: be used for current and under action of gravity, fall to silo bottom; Owing near the import of the cave of debouchure, be provided with the pier that blocks water; Make the inducer of the cave of debouchure form cushion pool; Cushion pool produces strong energy dissipating effect once more, and makes in the cave of debouchure of entering straight section of water flow stationary of the turnaround section cave of debouchure;
The step that bubble is separated out gradually: current are in cave of debouchure outlet section process of flowing, and the bubble in the water is separated out from water gradually, on the water surface, form air bag;
The step of gas collection: be used for the air that the gas collection bank is collected air bag being set at cave of debouchure latter end;
The step of exhaust air: the exhaust shaft that is used for behind the gas collection bank, being provided with enters the air of air bag in the atmosphere, and the pressure in the cave of debouchure is reduced;
The step that remaining air bag is discharged from cave of debouchure outlet: be used under the relieving stagnant Qi bank effect on top, delivery port hole, tearing residual air bag, destroy the root that produces gas explosion, current are not having steadily to flow into downstream under the situation of gas explosion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102397864A CN101881019B (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | High tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and exhaust method of flood discharge tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102397864A CN101881019B (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | High tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and exhaust method of flood discharge tunnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101881019A CN101881019A (en) | 2010-11-10 |
| CN101881019B true CN101881019B (en) | 2012-02-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2010102397864A Expired - Fee Related CN101881019B (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | High tailrace level vortex flow flood discharge tunnel and exhaust method of flood discharge tunnel |
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| CN102277861B (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2013-06-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | In-tunnel self-air-supply energy dissipation method and device |
| CN104264642B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-08-31 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The scupper processed for ditch-water and water discharge method |
| CN104895022B (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-09-07 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of shaft structure connecting outlet structure escape works and flood discharging method |
| CN105256858B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2023-11-28 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Water delivery device, rainwater collection system and exhaust method thereof |
| CN105369784B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-06-05 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ditch water process scupper structure and ditch water process water discharge method |
| CN105714746B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-01-09 | 四川大学 | Pressure slope formula ventilation shaft for high water head flood discharging tunnel mid-gate chamber |
| CN107044112A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-15 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Energy dissipation by aeration and gas explosion-proof flood discharge device and its flood discharging method |
| CN108330933A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-07-27 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The structure and its construction method and application that a kind of diversion tunnel and ecological drainage tunnel combine |
| CN110186647B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-02-12 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | Exhaust device for water jump trowelling device of circulating water tank and application of exhaust device |
| CN110670695B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-10-23 | 湖北祺润生态建设有限公司 | Urban heavy rain waterlogging prevention intelligent flood diversion equipment |
| CN110700209A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-01-17 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Improve power station tailrace tunnel open-full flow influence's adverse slope weir structure |
| CN111119138B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-17 | 重庆交通大学 | Volute chamber flow guide ridge for cyclone vertical shaft |
| CN113882490B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-08-04 | 武汉市政工程设计研究院有限责任公司 | Vortex inflow vertical shaft system connected into deep drainage tunnel |
| CN114320303A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-12 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | Method for excavating vertical shaft flood discharge tunnel body support |
| CN114857398B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2024-04-09 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Device for reducing gas explosion strength of water storage hole reservoir |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2823174B2 (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1998-11-11 | 財団法人電力中央研究所 | Bubble canal |
| JP4137832B2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2008-08-20 | 関西電力株式会社 | Derating structure and discharge path used for it |
| CN100552147C (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-10-21 | 水利部交通部电力工业部南京水利科学研究院 | Reconstruction of diversion tunnel is the method for jet flow internal energy dissipating drilled shaft flood discharge hole |
| CN201437586U (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2010-04-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Anticorrosion and energy-dissipation flood discharge device for swirling annular weir |
| CN201746824U (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2011-02-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | High tail-water level hydrocyclone spillway tunnel |
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2010
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| CN101881019A (en) | 2010-11-10 |
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