CN107190712A - A kind of toe bank falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator and design method - Google Patents
A kind of toe bank falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator and design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107190712A CN107190712A CN201710524283.3A CN201710524283A CN107190712A CN 107190712 A CN107190712 A CN 107190712A CN 201710524283 A CN201710524283 A CN 201710524283A CN 107190712 A CN107190712 A CN 107190712A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
Abstract
Fall bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator and design method the present invention relates to a kind of toe bank, including：Falling bank to flow to connect below the toe bank that domatic bottom is set, described toe bank, the toe bank and the downstream setting stiling basin for falling bank, the downstream of the stiling basin sets overfall.The present invention is strengthened turbulent fluctuation diffusion, improves energy dissipation rate, shortened stiling basin length using toe bank control hydraulic jump, adapts to tailwater level change, current is distributed on stiling basin width average.Water stream channel is shunk using the formation of toe bank simultaneously, it is ensured that bank face occurs without negative pressure, reach the effect for shrinking energy dissipater.Using the water cushion for falling bank formation certain depth, one can avoid the occurrence of and face bottom whirlpool or be greatly reduced vertical-axis eddy intensity after toe bank, and two be to avoid high-velocity flow from forming cavitation erosion to stiling basin floor after toe bank, and can effectively reduce stiling basin underflow speed.
Description
Technical field
Fall bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator and design method the present invention relates to a kind of toe bank, be a kind of hydraulic facility and to set
Meter method, is the Energy dissipation of flood discharging facility and design method of a kind of reservoir high dam.
Background technology
Disspation through hydraudic jimp is one of major way of high dam flood-discharge energy-dissipating.Into 21 century, under eco-friendly theory,
Influence of many seat height dams of China for mitigation flood-discharge atomizing to bank slope vegetation, or due to geologic Environment Problem, have selected disspation through hydraudic jimp
Mode.The skill that bottom hydraulic indexes are too high, cause stiling basin to destroy is faced using stiling basin in traditional disspation through hydraudic jimp to solve high dam
Art problem, the Hydraulic Design of China and scientific research personnel were on the basis of domestic and international disspation through hydraudic jimp achievement in research was summarized in recent years, land
It is continuous to develop some novel underflow energy dissipaters for adapting to high water head large discharge per unit, as proposed with reference to Xiangjiabahydropower project engineering
Continuously fall bank underflow energy dissipator and height bank energy dissipater, the flaring gate pier-fall bank underflow energy dissipator proposed with reference to Guandi Hydropower Station
Deng.
The high-velocity flow that falling bank type underflow energy dissipator will enter in stiling basin deflects from and faces bottom region, can effectively reduce and face bottom
Fluctuation pressure on flow velocity and bottom plate, it is ensured that stiling basin safe operation, therefore it is high dam flood discharge in recent years to fall bank underflow energy dissipator
The study hotspot of energy dissipating.Different researchers have developed it is different fall bank build, and carried out by way of experiment and numerical simulation
Numerous studies work.
It is a kind of novel underflow energy dissipater of suitable high water head large discharge per unit, two kinds of representative bodies to fall bank underflow
Type is continuously to fall bank build and height bank build.All there is some individual characteies and general character in research and engineer applied in both builds
The problem of, it would be highly desirable to solve.Such as：Height bank build is the special type developed for double-deck flood discharge hub hole arrangement form,
Using three-dimensional Strong shear and the rolling energy dissipating of space ternary whirlpool, with the water surface is steady, the sufficient outstanding feature of energy dissipating, but the build is more difficult
The high dam in individual layer flood discharge hole is only disposed with applied to dam body or spillway on bank.The continuous bank build scope of application of falling is wider, but
With reference to being found in the research of the engineering such as Burner zone flood-discharge energy-dissipating, current can occur fluidised form and turn to twist phenomenon in stiling basin under different condition,
One be step height it is certain in the case of, as the level of tail water is raised, in stiling basin fluidised form by mixed flow flowing state transition to flood bottom
Flow fluidised form；Two be that, when step height changes from low to high, under the specific water level conditions in downstream, fluidised form is become by underflow in stiling basin
Into surface current.Fluidised form turns to twist phenomenon and illustrates that the key for continuously falling bank underflow energy dissipator is the suitable step height of selection, but existing grinds
Study carefully the computational theory and method for not determining step height.Flaring gate pier-continuously although fall bank build can ensure that fluid stable, but
Because flaring gate pier is longitudinally stretched release floodwatering flow so that part current flip shot enters stiling basin, increase flood-discharge atomizing, against falling bank
Underflow stilling basin weakens the original intention of atomization, is designed while the build does not apply to the spillway on bank with longer sluice way yet.
The common problem one for respectively falling the presence of bank underflow energy dissipator build is due to be designed with culvert sudden expansion, in stiling basin internal memory
Having a die mould whirlpool, this whirlpool be different from it is common in hydraulic engineering there is Free Surface type whirlpool, this kind of whirlpool has strong
Degree is big, basin is closed, whirlpool center singular point pressure is low（Even there is negative pressure）, it is easily caused stiling basin abutment wall and bottom plate is denuded
And cavitation erosion, engineering harm is larger.Two be to ensure to occur without backflow or swing water flow in stiling basin, on outflow from sluice hole
There is more limitation, higher is required to power station later stage flood discharge management.Three be that stiling basin is huge, such as Xiangjiabahydropower project
Stiling basin length reaches 220m, close to 1.4 times of height of dam, directly results in investment big.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of toe bank and falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator and set
Meter method.Described energy dissipater and design method toe bank and fall bank and complement each other, both fully absorbed height bank and continuously fallen bank
Build advantage, turn avoid respective shortcoming.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of toe bank falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator, including：In Lai Liupo
Connect below the toe bank that the bottom in face is set, described toe bank and fall bank, the toe bank and the downstream setting stiling basin for falling bank are described
The downstream of stiling basin sets end sill.
Further, the tooth form of described toe bank is：It is rectangular or square in the section vertical with water (flow) direction, with water
It is the right angled triangle that hypotenuse is circular arc line in the parallel facade in stream direction, described circular arc curvature of a curve is with flowing domatic song
Rate is identical.
The step of a kind of above-mentioned toe bank falls the design method of bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator, methods described is as follows：
Known upper pond levelH1, the level of tail waterH2, stiling basin floor elevationH3, falling bank crest level isH4, stiling basin widthw；
Determine step heightD2, rule of thumb formula：
D2=- 0.86Fr+14.18
Wherein：Fr is the Freund number that current enter stiling basin, is calculated and obtained by following formula：
,
Wherein：,
,
q DesignFor the discharge per unit width under design flood,V DesignPond flow velocity is flowed into for water under design flood, g is acceleration of gravity；
Determine toe bank size：
It is known：Under frequent flood, it is not provided with the case of toe bank, flood discharge discharge per unit width isq Chang Yu,
1）Assuming thatW1、W2、DRelation is between 1：
,W1=D1,
And assume that the number of teeth of toe bank isnIndividual, and excessively stream between toe bank, tooth top not excessively stream, λ chooses between 1.0 ~ 1.5；
2）Calculate the between cog discharge per unit width of toe bankq：
w=n× W1+ (n- 1) × W2,
；
3）It is determined thatD1：
Toe bank height D1 is determined with the discharge per unit width between toe bank under frequent flood, it should be slightly bigger than the depth of current between toe bank, because
This can obtain：
,
,
V1 in formulaChang YuFlow velocity on bank during for frequent flood；
4）By D1=W1,λBring following formula into：
w=n× W1+ (n- 1) × W2,
If equation is set up, show step 1）AssumenWithλIt is suitable；
If equation is invalid, assume againnOrλ, repeat step 1）~step 4）, untill equation is met.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention is strengthened turbulent fluctuation diffusion, is improved energy dissipating using toe bank control hydraulic jump
Rate, shortens stiling basin length, adapts to tailwater level change, current is distributed on stiling basin width average.Toe bank shape is used simultaneously
Into contraction water stream channel, it is ensured that bank face occurs without negative pressure, reaches the effect for shrinking energy dissipater.Certain depth is formed using bank is fallen
Water cushion, one can avoid the occurrence of and face bottom whirlpool or vertical-axis eddy intensity after toe bank be greatly reduced, and two be to avoid high-velocity flow from existing
Cavitation erosion is formed to stiling basin floor after toe bank, and can effectively reduce stiling basin underflow speed.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the facade structures schematic diagram that toe bank described in embodiments of the invention one falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator；
Fig. 2 is the planar structure schematic diagram that toe bank described in embodiments of the invention one falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator；
Fig. 3 is the tooth form schematic cross-section that toe bank described in embodiments of the invention two is in the vertical section of water (flow) direction；
Fig. 4 is the tooth form schematic cross-section that toe bank described in embodiments of the invention two is in the parallel facade of water (flow) direction.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment is that a kind of toe bank falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator, as shown in Figure 1, 2.The present embodiment includes：Flowing
Connect below the toe bank 2 that domatic 1 bottom is set, described toe bank and fall bank 3, the toe bank and the downstream setting stiling basin for falling bank
4, the downstream of the stiling basin sets end sill 5.
The main thought of the present embodiment is：
1）Stiling basin head, which falls, sets some scattered toe banks on bank so that when current flow through toe bank, shrinks and spreads in plane formation
Current, the high current of beam on facade, increase current enter the section of shear of stiling basin so that flow turbulence is strengthened, and improve energy dissipating
Efficiency；Put relative determination in the setting of toe bank simultaneously so that in the case of different tailwater levels, the jump first place of energy dissipating hydraulic jump；Furthermore toe
Bank is present, into the current in stiling basin along stiling basin cross direction profiles than more uniform, flow-shape stabilization in stiling basin.Finally reach
To the purpose for shortening stiling basin length.
2）Toe bank is continuously increased along water (flow) direction toe bank width simultaneously so that shrinkage type water stream channel is formed between toe bank.Receive
The stream zygodactyl bank that shrinks avoids the formation of certain surge, it is to avoid bank face departs to form negative pressure due to the wall of high-velocity flow,
Reduce the risk of cavitation and cavitation erosion.
3）Current are flowed through after toe bank, and divergent flow can form vertical-axis eddy in stiling basin, and whirlpool center be pressure most
Small place, its size is directly related with whirlpool intensity.But due to falling the presence of bank after toe bank, the water cushion of certain depth is formed,
The intensity of vertical-axis eddy can be greatly lowered in the presence of this water cushion, it might even be possible to avoid the occurrence of and face bottom whirlpool, so that the power that disappears
The pressure of whirlpool center avoids the formation of unfavorable negative pressure at the floor of pond, from the destruction without producing cavitation and cavitation erosion；Fall bank simultaneously
In the presence of can effectively reduce the underflow speed of stiling basin.
The shape of toe bank can have diversified forms, such as：Plane projection is rectangle, or upstream face is circular and back side is half
Circle, centre is connected with rectangle.The cross sectional shape vertical with current can also have diversified forms, such as：Square, rectangle etc..
Force reduction pool bottom is flat, and abutment wall is upright, and length is 1.2~1.4 times or so of hydraulic jump length；Stiling basin end sill is
It is trapezoidal, with downstream river course natural sparse model.
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is refinement of the embodiment one on toe bank tooth form.Toe bank described in the present embodiment
Tooth form be：It is rectangular or square in the section vertical with water (flow) direction, as shown in figure 3, the facade parallel with water (flow) direction
In be circular arc line for hypotenuse right angled triangle, as shown in figure 4, described circular arc curvature of a curve is with flowing domatic curvature phase
Together.
Toe bank simple shape described in the present embodiment, it is easy to build, having to utilize reduces construction cost.This toe bank may be also used in
Built completion it is engineered on, because its building course does not have earth work, directly can fall on bank increase toe bank original
, construction cost is very low.Such a toe bank, which equally has, can control Hydraulic Jump first place to put, improve energy dissipation rate, it is long to shorten stiling basin
The advantage of degree.
Embodiment three：
Toe bank described in a kind of above-described embodiment falls the design method of bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator.
The present invention is characterized by the critical size for determining toe bank, respectively toe bank heightD1st, toe bank widthW1st, toe bank spacing
FromW2, and step heightD2。
Assuming that known upper pond levelH1, the level of tail waterH2, stiling basin floor elevationH3, falling bank crest level isH4, flood discharge list
Wide flowq, stiling basin widthw。
1st, step height is determined firstD2
Rule of thumb formula, step heightD2 can be calculated by following formula：
D2=- 0.86Fr+14.18
Wherein：Fr is the Freund number that current enter stiling basin, is calculated and obtained by following formula：
。
,
,
In this formulaq DesignFor the discharge per unit width under design flood,V DesignPond flow velocity is flowed into for water under design flood,gAccelerate for gravity
Degree.
2nd, toe bank size is determined
Toe bank size is determined using the flood discharge index of frequent flood.
It is known：Under j frequent floods, it is not provided with the case of toe bank, flood discharge discharge per unit width isq Chang Yu,
K assumes that relation is between W1, W2, D1：
, W1=D1,
Not excessively stream on excessively stream between l toe banks, toe bank.
The step of then determining to fall bank size is as follows：
It is n to assume first that toe bank quantity,。
Calculate discharge per unit width between toe bankq：
w=n× W1+ (n- 1) × W2,
。
3）It is determined thatD1
Toe bank height is determined with the discharge per unit width between toe bank under frequent floodD1, it should be slightly bigger than the depth of current between toe bank, because
This can obtain：
,
,
V1 in formulaChang YuFlow velocity on bank during for frequent flood.
4）By D1=W1,λBring following formula into：
W=n × W1+ (n-1) × W2,
If equation is set up, show step 1）The n of hypothesis andλIt is suitable.
If equation is invalid, return to step 1）, again more knots modification n orλ, repeat step 1）~step 4）, until
Untill equation is met.
Finally it should be noted that being merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted above, although with reference to preferable cloth
Scheme is put the present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to technology of the invention
Scheme（The such as shape of toe bank, the shape of stiling basin, the utilization of various formula, sequencing of step etc.）Modify or
Equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of toe bank falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator, it is characterised in that including：Flowing the toe that domatic bottom is set
Connect below bank, described toe bank and fall bank, the toe bank and the downstream setting stiling basin for falling bank, the downstream of the stiling basin is set
Overfall.
2. energy dissipater according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tooth form of described toe bank is：It is vertical with water (flow) direction
Section in be rectangular or square, be the right angled triangle that hypotenuse is circular arc line in the facade parallel with water (flow) direction, it is described
Circular arc curvature of a curve it is identical with to flow domatic curvature.
3. toe bank described in a kind of claim 2 falls the design method of bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator：Characterized in that, the side
The step of method, is as follows：
Known upper pond levelH1, the level of tail waterH2, stiling basin floor elevationH3, falling bank crest level isH4, stiling basin widthw；
Determine step heightD2, rule of thumb formula：
D2=- 0.86Fr+14.18
Wherein：Fr is the Freund number that current enter stiling basin, is calculated and obtained by following formula：
,
Wherein：,
,
q DesignFor the discharge per unit width under design flood,V DesignPond flow velocity is flowed into for water under design flood, g is acceleration of gravity；
Determine toe bank size：
It is known：Under frequent flood, it is not provided with the case of toe bank, flood discharge discharge per unit width isq Chang Yu,
1）Assuming thatW1、W2、DRelation is between 1：
,W1=D1,
And assume that the number of teeth of toe bank isnIndividual, and excessively stream between toe bank, tooth top not excessively stream, λ chooses between 1.0 ~ 1.5；
2）Calculate the between cog discharge per unit width of toe bankq：
w=n× W1+ (n- 1) × W2,
；
3）It is determined thatD1：
Toe bank height D1 is determined with the discharge per unit width between toe bank under frequent flood, it should be slightly bigger than the depth of current between toe bank, because
This can obtain：
,
,
V1 in formulaChang YuFlow velocity on bank during for frequent flood；
4）By D1=W1,λBring following formula into：
w=n× W1+ (n- 1) × W2,
If equation is set up, show step 1）AssumenWithλIt is suitable；
If equation is invalid, assume againnOrλ, repeat step 1）~step 4）, untill equation is met.
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| CN107190712B CN107190712B (en) | 2018-05-25 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108086260A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-29 | 安徽理工大学 | Differential type High-low Bucket Energy Dissipation Building-height falls bank type stiling basin system and energy dissipating method |
| CN109555088A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of anti-whirlpool device of rectification |
| CN109853489A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-07 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of design method of secondary stilling basin end sill height |
| CN110055935A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A method of stilling pond is set in sloping channel |
| CN113718727A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-30 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Sudden expansion and falling sill absorption basin suitable for large single wide discharge of high water head |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108086260A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-29 | 安徽理工大学 | Differential type High-low Bucket Energy Dissipation Building-height falls bank type stiling basin system and energy dissipating method |
| CN109853489A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-07 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of design method of secondary stilling basin end sill height |
| CN109555088A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of anti-whirlpool device of rectification |
| CN109555088B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2023-11-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Rectifying vortex-preventing device |
| CN110055935A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A method of stilling pond is set in sloping channel |
| CN110055935B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2021-01-12 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Method for arranging stilling pool in steep-slope channel |
| CN113718727A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-30 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Sudden expansion and falling sill absorption basin suitable for large single wide discharge of high water head |
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| CN107190712B (en) | 2018-05-25 |
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