CN101195999A - Ladder energy dissipater with doped gas device preposed - Google Patents
Ladder energy dissipater with doped gas device preposed Download PDFInfo
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- CN101195999A CN101195999A CNA2007100503458A CN200710050345A CN101195999A CN 101195999 A CN101195999 A CN 101195999A CN A2007100503458 A CNA2007100503458 A CN A2007100503458A CN 200710050345 A CN200710050345 A CN 200710050345A CN 101195999 A CN101195999 A CN 101195999A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stepped energy dissipater, which comprises steps arranged on a bottom slope and an aerating device positioned on the upstream of the steps. The aerating device is provided with four structural forms. In the first structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, a vent hole and a vent shaft, in the second structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, an aeration slot, a vent hole and a vent shaft, in the third structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, a step-down floor, a vent hole and a vent shaft, and in the fourth structural form, the aerating device is composed of a flip bucket, a step-down floor, an aeration slot, a vent hole and a vent shaft. The energy dissipater can not only enhance the stepped energy dissipation rate, but also reduce or avoid the possibility of the cavitation corrosion and the damage to the steps, and thereby effectively solve the problems of the contradiction between the increase of the energy dissipation rate and the improvement of the cavitation corrosion and the damage resistance when an overflow spillway or an overflow dam surface is operated with large discharge per unit width.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the energy-dissipating installation in the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, particularly a kind of ladder energy dissipater that is used for flood spillway or dam facing overflow.
Background technology
Engineering practice shows, (discharge per unit width q＞50m under big flow and high water head situation
3/ s-m), the energy dissipation rate of ladder energy dissipater will descend, ventilation is difficult, easily cavitation, and may produce cavitation erosion, so its range of application is subjected to bigger restriction, staged energy dissipater's discharge per unit width is all less than 50m in the actual engineering
3/ s-m.In order to increase staged energy dissipater's range of application, some scholars do not have the worry of cavitation corrosion having abundant diffusion aeration baffle pier combines with the staged energy dissipater, the current that make full use of the aeration baffle pier disperse and strong aeration effect, reduce the degree of depth of stepped spillway face slippage current significantly, strengthen the ladder effect of energy dissipation, thereby reach the purpose that increases discharge per unit width, improves the head range of application, problem such as this to force the aeration pattern to remain at baffle pier place water wing too high, and the downstream flow-shape is relatively poor.Also there is the scholar that flaring gate pier and staged energy dissipater are combined, make full use of the vertical diffusion of flaring gate pier current, reduce step overcurrent discharge per unit width, strengthen trajectory nappe both sides aeration and the effect of overflow entry aeration, reduction ladder effect of energy dissipation, thereby reach the purpose that increases discharge per unit width, improves the head range of application, this pattern is mainly utilized the vertical diffusion effect of flaring gate pier to current, essence is a kind of energy dissipating pattern of flip trajectory bucket, and step itself only plays a role when little discharge per unit width current are difficult for take-off.Michael Pfister; Willi H.Hager (2006) once studied the form of what step before under the first order step of surface before aeration arrives the bottom air vent being set to have reached protection, and air entrainment and aeration concentrater are wayward maybe to need to add problem such as air feed equipment but this preposition aeration pattern exists.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater that additional air feed equipment relies on current self increase aeration effect fully that need not is provided, this kind energy dissipater can solve staged energy dissipater (being applied in flood spillway or dam facing) effectively when big discharge per unit width moves, and increases energy dissipation rate and improves the technical barrier that has contradiction between the anti-cavitation erosion.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention is to set up the aeration device in the appropriate location, upstream (can locate about flow velocity 20m/s in the actual engineering) of existing ladder energy dissipater.Described aeration device has four kinds of form of structure.
First kind of form of structure: the aeration device constitutes by choosing bank, air vent and ventilation well; Choose on the base slope that bank is arranged on flood spillway or dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, thereafter the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder
0With the drop point that satisfies current before first ladder, exceed the fluid stables of current (guarantee); Air vent is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow abutment wall and near choosing the bank rear end face, the ventilation well location is in the outside of flood spillway or dam facing overflow abutment wall, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, and its lower end is communicated with air vent.
Second kind of form of structure: the aeration device constitutes by choosing bank, aeration groove, air vent and ventilation well; Choose on the base slope that bank is arranged on flood spillway or dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, thereafter the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder
0With the drop point that satisfies current before first ladder, exceed the fluid stables of current (guarantee); The aeration groove is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow base slope and near choosing the bank rear end face; Air vent is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow abutment wall and near choosing the bank rear end face, the ventilation well location is in the outside of flood spillway or dam facing overflow abutment wall, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, and its lower end is communicated with air vent.
The third form of structure: the aeration device by choose bank, fall bank, air vent and ventilation well constitute; Choose on the base slope that bank is arranged on flood spillway or dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, thereafter the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder
0With the drop point that satisfies current before first ladder, exceed the fluid stables of current (guarantee); Falling bank is positioned at flood spillway or dam facing overflow base slope and is choosing under the bank; Air vent is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow abutment wall and near choosing the bank rear end face, the ventilation well location is in the outside of flood spillway or dam facing overflow abutment wall, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, and its lower end is communicated with air vent.
The 4th kind of form of structure: the aeration device by choose bank, fall bank, aeration groove, air vent and ventilation well constitute; Choose on the base slope that bank is arranged on flood spillway or dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, thereafter the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder
0With the drop point that satisfies current before first ladder, exceed the fluid stables of current (guarantee); Falling bank is positioned at flood spillway or dam facing overflow base slope and is choosing under the bank; The aeration groove is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow base slope and is falling below the bank; Air vent is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow abutment wall and near choosing the bank rear end face, the ventilation well location is in the outside of flood spillway or dam facing overflow abutment wall, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, and its lower end is communicated with air vent.
In the above-mentioned aeration device, the gradient i that chooses bank is generally 0＜i＜1: 3.
The air mixing corrosion reducing mechanism of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention: for general staged energy dissipater; what step flow rate of water flow of its front is lower; the surface aeration can not arrive flood spillway or dam facing overflow bottom; flood spillway or dam facing overflow bottom aeration concentrater were lower when especially discharge per unit width was big; and step vertical plane negative pressure is generally bigger; lower aeration concentrater can not effectively be protected step surface, therefore produces cavitation erosion.On the other hand, the effect of energy dissipation of preceding what step is also relatively poor.Appropriate location, upstream the staged energy dissipater is provided with the aeration device; can before ladder, form stable aeration cavity and air is imported this aeration cavity; the remarkable like this aeration concentrater that has increased preceding what the ladder step place of flood spillway or dam facing overflow bottom; thereby can strengthen the aeration protective effect of step surface, alleviate or avoid the possibility of step generation cavitation erosion.Simultaneously, can improve the step energy dissipation rate greatly.
Aeration device among the energy dissipater of the present invention, the aeration concentrater of tentatively determining according to the ladder shoulder height designs, by the structure of adjustment aeration device and the aeration concentrater of controllable size system flood spillway or dam facing overflow bottom.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, energy dissipater of the present invention is combined with aeration device and staged energy dissipater, both can improve the step energy dissipation rate, can alleviate or avoid the possibility of step generation cavitation erosion again, efficiently solve flood spillway or dam facing overflow when big discharge per unit width moves, increase energy dissipation rate and improve a difficult problem that has contradiction between the anti-cavitation erosion.
2, energy dissipating construction of the present invention is simple, and build optimization is easy, can be widely used in the flood spillway or the dam facing overflow of different flow and different gradient.
3, the structure that energy dissipater of the present invention can be by adjusting the aeration device and the aeration concentrater of size Control flood spillway or dam facing overflow bottom, so air entrainment and aeration concentrater are easy to control.
4, energy dissipater of the present invention owing to controlled the length of choosing the distance L 0 between the first ladder front end in bank rear end face and the ladder, makes its drop point that satisfies current before first ladder, thereby can guarantee the fluid stable of current.
5, energy dissipater of the present invention imports the aeration cavity by ventilation well, air vent with air, does not need additional air feed equipment, thereby can save investment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is first kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the aeration device constitutes by choosing bank, air vent and ventilation well, and ladder is level one segment distance L under the original gradient, vertically falls h again, so alternately arranges;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is second kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the aeration device constitutes by choosing bank, air vent and ventilation well, and ladder vertically falls h under the original gradient, and level one segment distance L so alternately arranges again;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the third structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the aeration device constitutes by choosing bank, aeration groove, air vent and ventilation well, and ladder is level one segment distance L under the original gradient, vertically falls h again, so alternately arranges;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the 4th a kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the aeration device constitutes by choosing bank, aeration groove, air vent and ventilation well, and ladder vertically falls h under the original gradient, and level one segment distance L so alternately arranges again;
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the 5th a kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, the aeration device by choose bank, fall bank, air vent and ventilation well constitute, ladder is level one segment distance L under the original gradient, vertically falls h again, so alternately arranges;
Figure 10 is the vertical view of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is the 6th a kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, the aeration device by choose bank, fall bank, air vent and ventilation well constitute, ladder vertically falls h under the original gradient, level one segment distance L so alternately arranges again;
Figure 12 is the vertical view of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is the 7th a kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, the aeration device by choose bank, fall bank, aeration groove, air vent and ventilation well constitute, ladder is level one segment distance L under the original gradient, vertically falls h again, so alternately arranges;
Figure 14 is the vertical view of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is the 8th a kind of structural representation of doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, the aeration device by choose bank, fall bank, aeration groove, air vent and ventilation well constitute, ladder vertically falls h under the original gradient, level one segment distance L so alternately arranges again;
Figure 16 is the vertical view of Figure 15.
Among the figure, 1--base slope, 2--choose that bank, 3--air vent, 4--ladder, 5--water surface curve, 6--abutment wall, 7--ventilation well, 8--aeration groove, 9--fall bank, i--chooses the bank gradient, θ--the flood spillway or the dam facing overflow gradient, Δ
1--choose bank height, Δ
2--falling bank height, Δ--aeration groove deep, L--step length, h--ladder height, L
0--choose the distance between the first ladder front end in bank rear end face and the ladder, m--ventilation well length, n--ventilation well width.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment is used for the power plant project hinge, and the power station catchment area is 5317km
2, factory site control sets water area is 5754km
2Power station flood spillway maximum functional head 140m, maximum letdown flow 760m
3/ s, design flood spillway width 10m, base slope gradient θ is 18 °, maximum discharge per unit width 76m
3/ s.m.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment, its structure comprise ladder 4 that is arranged on the flood spillway base slope 1 and the aeration device that is positioned at the ladder upstream as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.The aeration device constitutes by choosing bank 2, air vent 3 and ventilation well 7; Choose on the base slope 1 that bank 2 is arranged on flood spillway, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, and its gradient i is 1: 5, its height Δ
1=1m, the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder thereafter
0=40m; Air vent 3 is two, lays respectively on flood spillway two abutment walls 6 and near choosing bank 2 rear end faces, air vent is of a size of 1.85m * 1.5m; Ventilation well 7 is two, lays respectively at the outside of flood spillway two abutment walls, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, its lower end and corresponding air vent connection, and the ventilation well is of a size of m * n=1.5m * 1.5m.Ladder 4 vertically falls h under the original gradient, level one segment distance L so alternately arranges ladder height h=1.5m, length L=4.5m again.
Experimental test shows that the energy dissipater in the present embodiment can protect the ladder ledge surface, avoids taking place cavitation erosion, and energy dissipation rate is about 70%.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment is used for discharge per unit width 50～70m
3/ s.m, dam facing overflow base slope gradient θ are 13 ° hydroelectric project hinge.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment, its structure such as Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8 comprise ladder 4 that is arranged on the dam facing overflow base slope 1 and the aeration device that is positioned at the ladder upstream.The aeration device constitutes by choosing bank 2, aeration groove 8, air vent 3 and ventilation well 7; Choose on the base slope 1 that bank 2 is arranged on the dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, and its gradient i is 1: 10, its height Δ
1=0.5m, the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder thereafter
0=42m; Aeration groove 8 is positioned at dam facing overflow base slope and is choosing under the bank 2, groove depth Δ=1.5m, and its scope is the zone that a, b, c, d surround; Air vent 3 is two, lays respectively on dam facing overflow two abutment walls 6 and near choosing bank 2 rear end faces, air vent is of a size of 1.5m * 1.5m; Ventilation well 7 is two, lays respectively at the outside of dam facing overflow two abutment walls 6, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, its lower end and corresponding air vent connection, and the ventilation well is of a size of m * n=1.5m * 1.5m.Ladder 4 vertically falls h under the original gradient, level one segment distance L so alternately arranges ladder height h=2m, length L=9m again.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment is used for discharge per unit width 50～70m
3/ s.m, flood spillway base slope gradient θ are 15 ° hydroelectric project hinge.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment, its structure such as Figure 11, shown in Figure 12 comprise ladder 4 that is arranged on the flood spillway base slope 1 and the aeration device that is positioned at the ladder upstream.The aeration device by choose bank 2, fall bank 9, air vent 3 and ventilation well 7 constitute; Choose on the base slope 1 that bank 2 is arranged on flood spillway, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, and its gradient i is 1: 10, its height Δ
1=0.5m, the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder thereafter
0=39.78m; Fall bank 9 and be positioned at the flood spillway base slope and choosing under the bank 2, fall bank height Δ
2=1.5m; Air vent 3 is two, lays respectively on flood spillway two abutment walls 6 and near choosing bank 2 rear end faces, air vent is of a size of 1.85m * 1.5m; Ventilation well 7 is two, lays respectively at the outside of flood spillway two abutment walls, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, its lower end and corresponding air vent connection, and the ventilation well is of a size of m * n=1.85m * 1.5m.Ladder 4 vertically falls h under the original gradient, level one segment distance L so alternately arranges ladder height h=2m, length L=7.5m again.
Experimental test shows that the energy dissipater in the present embodiment can make surperficial aeration concentrater reach 5%～9%, can protect the ladder ledge surface, avoids it that cavitation erosion takes place, and energy dissipation rate is about 70%.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment is used for discharge per unit width 50～70m
3/ s.m, dam facing overflow base slope gradient θ are 14 ° hydroelectric project hinge.
Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater in the present embodiment, its structure such as Figure 15, shown in Figure 16 comprise ladder 4 that is arranged on the dam facing overflow base slope 1 and the aeration device that is positioned at the ladder upstream.The aeration device by choose bank 2, fall bank 9, aeration groove 8, air vent 3 and ventilation well 7 constitute; Choose on the base slope 1 that bank 2 is arranged on the dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, and its gradient i is 1: 8, its height Δ
1=0.5m, the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder thereafter
0=40m; Fall bank 9 and be positioned at dam facing overflow base slope and choosing under the bank 2, fall bank height Δ
2=0.5m; Aeration groove 8 is positioned at and falls bank 9 belows, groove depth Δ=1m, and its scope is the zone that a, b, c, d surround; Air vent 3 is two, lays respectively on dam facing overflow two abutment walls 6 and near choosing bank 2 rear end faces, air vent is of a size of 2.0m * 1.5m; Ventilation well 7 is two, lays respectively at the outside of dam facing overflow two abutment walls 6, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, its lower end and corresponding air vent connection, and the ventilation well is of a size of m * n=2.0m * 1.5m.Ladder 4 vertically falls h under the original gradient, level one segment distance L so alternately arranges ladder height h=1.5m, length L=6m again.
Claims (5)
1. doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater, comprise the ladder (4) that is arranged on the base slope (1), it is characterized in that also comprising the aeration device that is positioned at the ladder upstream, described aeration device comprises chooses bank (2), air vent (3) and ventilation well (7), choose on the base slope (1) that bank (2) is arranged on flood spillway or dam facing overflow, it is shaped as " voussoir " shape, thereafter the distance L between the first ladder front end in end face and the ladder (4)
0Exceeded before first ladder with the drop point that satisfies current, air vent (3) is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow abutment wall (6) and near choosing bank (2) rear end face, ventilation well (7) is positioned at the outside of flood spillway or dam facing overflow abutment wall, and its upper end communicates with atmosphere, and its lower end is communicated with air vent (3).
2. doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater according to claim 1 is characterized in that the aeration device also comprises aeration groove (8), and aeration groove (8) is positioned on flood spillway or the dam facing overflow base slope (1) and near choosing bank (2) rear end face.
3. doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the aeration device also comprises falls bank (9), falls bank (9) and is positioned at flood spillway or dam facing overflow base slope (1) and is choosing under the bank (2).
4. doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater according to claim 3 is characterized in that the aeration device also comprises aeration groove (8), and aeration groove (8) is positioned at flood spillway or dam facing overflow base slope (1) is gone up and falling bank (9) below.
5. according to the described doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 4, the gradient i that it is characterized in that choosing bank (2) is 0＜i＜1: 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100503458A CN100554593C (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2007-10-30 | Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100503458A CN100554593C (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2007-10-30 | Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater |
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| CN101195999A true CN101195999A (en) | 2008-06-11 |
| CN100554593C CN100554593C (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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| CNB2007100503458A Expired - Fee Related CN100554593C (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2007-10-30 | Doped gas device preposed ladder energy dissipater |
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| CN107190712B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-05-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of toe bank falls bank stiling basin formula underflow energy dissipator and design method |
| CN107476262A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of plagiohedral ladder energy dissipater on overfall dam |
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| CN111121854A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南昌工程学院 | Device for measuring energy dissipation rate of trajectory jet energy dissipater and using method |
| CN112281767A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 广东粤源工程咨询有限公司 | Dam spillway structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112281767B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-11-19 | 广东粤源工程咨询有限公司 | Dam spillway structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114016474A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-08 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Aeration facility adapted to low-inflow Freund's number |
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