CN102720170B - Special stepped energy dissipater - Google Patents
Special stepped energy dissipater Download PDFInfo
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- CN102720170B CN102720170B CN201210164218.1A CN201210164218A CN102720170B CN 102720170 B CN102720170 B CN 102720170B CN 201210164218 A CN201210164218 A CN 201210164218A CN 102720170 B CN102720170 B CN 102720170B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special stepped energy dissipater, which comprises a straight section closely connected to a water inlet and a special stepped section connected with the straight section, wherein the steps of the special stepped section have a W shape or an omega shape; the bottom slope gradient of the special stepped section and the bottom slope gradient of the straight section are same; the length ratio of the straight section to the special stepped section is 1:(1-10); the length and height of the steps of the special stepped section are same; and the length of the steps is 0.4-18m and the height of the steps is 0.5-3m. A front aerator is arranged on the straight section to improve the cavitation erosion resistance.
Description
Technical field
In the invention belongs to, flow big vast energy-dissipating installation, particularly a kind of ladder energy dissipater for flood spillway (hole) or crest overflow.
Background technology
Tian Zhong Deng Sichuan University journal (engineering science version) discloses a kind of " V " shape step flood spillway (seeing for the 42nd the 2nd phase of volume, P21-25, in March, 2010), evenly continuous " V " shape ladder, consists of.Through numerical simulation and physical model checking, more traditional evenly " one " shape ladder larger variation of generation really continuously of its water flow structure and effect of energy dissipation, as: evenly continuous " one " shape ladder eddy structure of tradition presents 2 yuan of plane characteristics, and evenly continuous " V " shape ladder eddy structure presents 3 flow filament features, under equal build condition, the energy dissipation rate of evenly continuous " V " shape ladder is higher than evenly continuous " one " shape ladder of tradition.Evenly continuous " V " is although shape ladder can improve energy dissipation rate, improve water flow structure, but have the following disadvantages: 1, because ladder border becomes broken line " V " shape with sharp-pointed salient angle from original straight line " " shape, therefore on front what ladder, very easily produce " water wing " phenomenon, so-called " water wing " phenomenon refers to that the overflow of letting out formation under current is because speed is larger, current limit wall shape flip-flop, on the 1st grade of cascaded surface, overflow impact force is greater than overflow gravity, be subject to the reaction force of cascaded surface, jet direction changes, overflow is by impelling the phenomenon of crossing several grades of ladders.2, the generation of " water wing " phenomenon can make current cross flood spillway abutment wall to wash away bank slope or adjacent building basis, thereby affects the safe operation of building.If 3 do not manage to weaken or eliminate " water wing " phenomenon, certainly will increase flood spillway Design of Side Wall height, improve construction costs.4, because overflow is by impelling and cross several grades of ladders, part ladder, by vacant, has reduced effective energy dissipating ladder number, reduces energy dissipation rate.5, when overflow jumps, from several grades of ladders, through impelling, directly act on certain grade of ladder, can increase this grade of ladder load, affect this grade of ladder stability.In a word, follow the potential problems of " water wing " phenomenon to make evenly continuously the practicality of " V " shape ladder in Practical Project greatly reduce.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater, to weaken " water wing " phenomenon, increase the quantity of effective energy dissipating ladder, improve energy dissipation rate.
Special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, comprise straight section of water inlet immediately, with straight section of special-shaped ladder section of joining, the ladders at different levels of described special-shaped ladder section are " W " shape or " ω " shape, the base slope gradient of abnormity ladder section is identical with the base slope gradient of straight section, the length of straight section: length=1 of special-shaped ladder section: 1～10.Described " ω " shape ladder is by the product of the vertical edge interface circular arc of " W " shape ladder, thereby two kinds of shapes belong to a total inventive concept, and round and smooth " ω " type ladder border is compared " W " type ladder and increased the application life in Practical Project.
Special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, can set up pre-aerator at straight section, to improve the ability of anti-cavitation erosion.
Above-mentioned special-shaped ladder energy dissipater, the step length at different levels of its special-shaped ladder section and highly identical, the length of ladders at different levels is 0.4～18m, and the height of ladders at different levels is 0.5～3m.When the ladders at different levels of special-shaped ladder section are " W " shape, the angle of its two salient angle equates and is symmetrical in the axis of flow-passing surface, angle [alpha]=30～150 ° of two salient angles.When the ladders at different levels of special-shaped ladder section are " ω " shape, the radius of its two convex globoidal equates and is symmetrical in the axis of flow-passing surface, the radius R=0.4～18m of two convex globoidals.
Test shows, the special-shaped ladder section of above-mentioned special-shaped ladder energy dissipater and base slope gradient θ=8～65 ° of straight section.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, compare with " V " shape step (ladder), " W " shape of the present invention or " ω " shape ladder energy dissipater have been optimized flow-shape, the flood wing that " V " shape step (ladder) is produced has become little water wing (seeing Fig. 9, Figure 10), thereby unemployed ladder section obviously shortens, the number that has increased effective energy dissipating ladder, has improved energy dissipation rate.
2, the water wing phenomenon due to flow-shape is weakened, thereby is conducive to the safe operation of building and the reduction of construction cost.
3, because the whirlpool of dissipating on the special-shaped ladder of " W " or " ω " shape is 3D helical form (seeing Figure 11, Figure 12), and border is after geometry is fractal, dissipation whirlpool number be take speed increment (the y number in whirlpool that dissipates on single-stage ladder wherein of y=2n, n is the fractal number of times in border: " W " and " ω " shape is fractal through 2 times, therefore n=2), for energy dissipation rate provides important guarantee, experimental study shows, with respect to " V " shape step or ladder, (" V " shape is fractal through 1 time, therefore n=1), energy dissipation rate at least improves 5%～20%.
4, how much fractal due to border has been carried out, border has been expanded single-stage ladder energy dissipating space by the bent direct result of straight change and has been increased the roughness of ladder X direction.
5, because flow-shape changes, so on ladder, pressure distributes and to be negative pressure and to reduce trend, and the reducing of negative pressuren zone area makes flow cavitation number improve 1.5～2.0 times with respect to " V " shape step (ladder), can reduce or avoid forming cavitation erosion.
6, owing to having set up pre-aerator at straight section, further improved cavitation prevention destructive characteristics.
7, form of structure is simple, constructs workable, has broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the first structural representation of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the ladders at different levels of special-shaped ladder section are " W " shape;
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the second structural representation of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the ladders at different levels of special-shaped ladder section are " W " shape, is provided with pre-aerator on straight section;
Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the third structural representation of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the ladders at different levels of special-shaped ladder section are " ω " shape;
Fig. 6 is the top view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the 4th kind of structural representation of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, and the ladders at different levels of special-shaped ladder section are " ω " shape, is provided with pre-aerator on straight section;
Fig. 8 is the top view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the flow-shape schematic diagram of " V " shape step (ladder) flood spillway (energy dissipater);
Figure 10 is the flow-shape schematic diagram of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention (" W " shape or " ω " shape);
Figure 11 is the mechanism of energy dissipation schematic diagram that the ladders at different levels of the special-shaped ladder section of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention are " W " shape;
Figure 12 is the mechanism of energy dissipation schematic diagram that the ladders at different levels of the special-shaped ladder section of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention are " ω " shape.
In figure, 1-straight section, 2-special-shaped ladder section, 3-special-shaped ladder (3-1: " W " shape ladder, 3-2: " ω " shape ladder), 4-pre-aerator, 5-abutment wall, 6-axis, the salient angle of 7-" W " shape ladders, the convex arc of 8-" ω " shape ladders, 9-2D whirlpool, 10-3D whirlpool, 11-flood wing, 12-little water wing, the base slope inclination angle of θ-special-shaped ladder section and straight section, L
a-single-stage " W " shape step length, h
a-single-stage " W " shape ladder height, the salient angle angle of α-" W " shape ladder, L
b-single-stage " ω " shape step length, h
b-single-stage " ω " shape ladder height, the convex arc radius of R-" ω " shape ladder, B-special-shaped ladder width, i-pre-aerator slope ratio, h
c-pre-aerator height, L
1unemployed ladder segment length in-" V " shape step (ladder) flood spillway (energy dissipater), h
1the falling height of first order ladder in-" V " shape step (ladder) flood spillway (energy dissipater), L
2unemployed ladder segment length in-special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention, h
2the falling height of first order ladder in-special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, special-shaped ladder energy dissipater of the present invention is described further.Following each embodiment is according to the design of some hydropower station multi-purpose project, and described power station catchment area is 5200km
2, it is 5780km that catchment area is controlled in factory site
2.Power station flood spillway maximum functional head 140m, maximum letdown flow 990m
3/ s, design flood spillway or crest overflow width B=11m, maximum discharge per unit width 99m
3/ s.m.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the structure of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprises straight section 1 of water inlet immediately, and with straight section of special-shaped ladder section 2 of joining, the ladders at different levels of described special-shaped ladder section 2 are " W " shape.Described straight section of 1 pile No. spacing 17m, described special-shaped ladder section 2 pile No. spacing 108m, special-shaped ladder section is identical with the base slope gradient of straight section, and its base slope inclination angle [theta] is 18.4 °, discharge per unit width 80m
3/ s.m.The length of " W " at different levels shape ladder 3-1 and highly identical, two salient angles 7 are symmetrical in the axis 6 of flow-passing surface, the length L of single-stage " W " shape ladder
a=9m, height h
a=3m, angle [alpha]=120 ° of two salient angles 7.
Experimental test shows: compare with equal build continuous uniform " V " word ladder (under to let out discharge per unit width be 80m
3/ s.m), the special-shaped ladder energy dissipater flow-shape in the present embodiment is sticking wall flow substantially, and " water wing " phenomenon obviously weakens; Substantially not by vacant ladder; Whole fluid stable, unemployed ladder section overflow upper limb height declines approximately 50%, and energy dissipation rate improves 7%, is about 82%.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the structure of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.Difference from Example 1 is on straight section 1, to be provided with pre-aerator 4.The described aerator of putting is arranged on the 1st grade of " W " shape ladder starting point 7m place of distance, and its slope is than being i=1:3, and its lateral vertical is in straight section, highly h
c=0.5m.
Experimental test shows: compare with equal build continuous uniform " V " word ladder (under to let out discharge per unit width be 80m
3/ s.m), the special-shaped ladder energy dissipater flow-shape in the present embodiment is sticking wall flow substantially, and " water wing " phenomenon obviously weakens; Substantially not by vacant ladder; Whole fluid stable, unemployed ladder section overflow upper limb height declines approximately 55%, and energy dissipation rate improves 10%, is about 85%, and negative pressuren zone area reduces 30%, and antagonism cavitation erosion is more favourable.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the structure of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprises straight section 1 of water inlet immediately, and with straight section of special-shaped ladder section 2 of joining, the ladders at different levels of described special-shaped ladder section 2 are " W " shape.Described straight section of 1 pile No. spacing 12m, described special-shaped ladder section 2 pile No. spacing 36m, special-shaped ladder section is identical with the base slope gradient of straight section, and the inclination angle [theta] of its base slope is 45 °, discharge per unit width 80m
3/ s.m.The length of " W " at different levels shape ladder 3-1 and highly identical, two salient angles 7 are symmetrical in the axis 6 of flow-passing surface, the length L of single-stage " W " shape ladder
a=2.5m, height h
a=2.5m, angle [alpha]=60 ° of two salient angles 7.
Experimental test shows: compare with equal build continuous uniform " V " word ladder (under to let out discharge per unit width be 80m
3/ s.m), the special-shaped ladder energy dissipater flow-shape in the present embodiment is sticking wall flow substantially, and " water wing " phenomenon obviously weakens; Substantially not by vacant ladder; Whole fluid stable, unemployed ladder section overflow upper limb height declines approximately 40%, and energy dissipation rate improves 5%, is about 80%.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the structure of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, comprises straight section 1 of water inlet immediately, and with straight section of special-shaped ladder section 2 of joining, the ladders at different levels of described special-shaped ladder section 2 are " ω " shape.Described straight section of 1 pile No. spacing 17m, described special-shaped ladder section 2 pile No. spacing 108m, special-shaped ladder section is identical with the base slope gradient of straight section, and the inclination angle [theta] of its base slope is 18.4 °, discharge per unit width 90m
3/ s.m.The length of " ω " at different levels shape ladder 3-2 and highly identical, two convex globoidals 8 are symmetrical in the axis 6 of flow-passing surface, the length L of single-stage " ω " shape ladder
b=9m, height h
b=3m, the radius R=9m of two convex globoidals 8.
Experimental test shows: compare with equal build continuous uniform " V " word ladder (under to let out discharge per unit width be 90m
3/ s.m), the special-shaped ladder energy dissipater flow-shape in the present embodiment is sticking wall flow substantially, and " water wing " phenomenon obviously weakens; Substantially not by vacant ladder; Whole fluid stable, unemployed ladder section overflow upper limb height declines approximately 55%, and energy dissipation rate improves 6%, is about 80%.
Embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, the structure of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8.Difference from Example 4 is on straight section 1, to be provided with pre-aerator 4.The described aerator of putting is arranged on the 1st grade of " ω " shape ladder starting point 7m place of distance, and its slope is than being i=1:3, and its lateral vertical is in straight section, highly h
c=0.5m.
Experimental test shows: compare with equal build continuous uniform " V " word ladder (under to let out discharge per unit width be 90m
3/ s.m), the special-shaped ladder energy dissipater flow-shape in the present embodiment is sticking wall flow substantially, and " water wing " phenomenon obviously weakens; Substantially not by vacant ladder; Whole fluid stable, unemployed ladder section overflow upper limb height declines approximately 60%, and energy dissipation rate improves 10% and is about 85%, and negative pressuren zone area reduces 30%, and antagonism cavitation erosion is more favourable.
Embodiment 6
In the present embodiment, the structure of special-shaped ladder energy dissipater as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, comprises straight section 1 of water inlet immediately, and with straight section of special-shaped ladder section 2 of joining, the ladders at different levels of described special-shaped ladder section 2 are " ω " shape.Described straight section of 1 pile No. spacing 12m, described special-shaped ladder section 2 pile No. spacing 36m, special-shaped ladder section is identical with the base slope gradient of straight section, and the inclination angle [theta] of its base slope is 45 °.The length of " ω " at different levels shape ladder 3-2 and highly identical, two convex globoidals 8 are symmetrical in the axis 6 of flow-passing surface, the length L of single-stage " ω " shape ladder
b=3m, height h
b=3m, the radius R=3m of two convex globoidals 8.
Experimental test shows: compare with equal build continuous uniform " V " word ladder (under to let out discharge per unit width be 90m
3/ s.m), the special-shaped ladder energy dissipater flow-shape in the present embodiment is sticking wall flow substantially, and " water wing " phenomenon obviously weakens; Substantially not by vacant ladder; Whole fluid stable, unemployed ladder section overflow upper limb height declines approximately 50%, and energy dissipation rate improves 5%, is about 78%.
Claims (7)
1. a special-shaped ladder energy dissipater, comprise immediately straight section (1) of water inlet, characterized by further comprising the special-shaped ladder section (2) of joining with straight section, the ladders at different levels of described special-shaped ladder section (2) are " W " shape or " ω " shape, when the ladders at different levels (3) of special-shaped ladder section are " W " shape, the angle of its two salient angle (7) equates and is symmetrical in the axis (6) of flow-passing surface, when the ladders at different levels (3) of special-shaped ladder section are " ω " shape, the radius of its two convex globoidal (8) equates and is symmetrical in the axis (6) of flow-passing surface, the base slope gradient of abnormity ladder section (2) is identical with the base slope gradient of straight section (1), the length of straight section: length=1 of special-shaped ladder section: 1～10.
2. special-shaped ladder energy dissipater according to claim 1, is characterized in that ladders at different levels (3) length of described special-shaped ladder section and highly identical, and the length of ladders at different levels is 0.4～18m, and the height of ladders at different levels is 0.5～3m.
3. special-shaped ladder energy dissipater according to claim 2, while it is characterized in that ladders at different levels (3) when special-shaped ladder section are for " W " shape, angle [alpha]=30～150 ° of two salient angles.
4. special-shaped ladder energy dissipater according to claim 2, while it is characterized in that ladders at different levels (3) when special-shaped ladder section are for " ω " shape, the radius R=0.4～18m of two convex globoidals.
5. according to special-shaped ladder energy dissipater described in arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that base slope inclination angle [theta]=8～65 ° of special-shaped ladder section (2) and straight section (1).
6. according to special-shaped ladder energy dissipater described in arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that being provided with pre-aerator (4) on described straight section (1).
7. special-shaped ladder energy dissipater according to claim 5, is characterized in that being provided with pre-aerator (4) on described straight section (1).
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102926356B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-04-01 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris-flow drainage canal with energy dissipation and drainage functions and application thereof |
| CN103225292B (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-10-28 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | A kind of dam face energy dissipation tool |
| CN103526731B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-08-12 | 四川大学 | Inverted v-shaped ladder energy dissipater |
| CN105951688B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-14 | 四川大学 | A kind of compound successive steps spillway |
| CN113481947B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-09-27 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Body type structure for reducing avoidance of water flow folding and flushing fins of contraction drainage channel and arrangement method thereof |
| CN115045240A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-13 | 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Weir flow energy dissipation structure and construction method |
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