JP4723214B2 - Right angle V-shaped depressurization work, cascade work using it, and paragraph waterway using them - Google Patents
Right angle V-shaped depressurization work, cascade work using it, and paragraph waterway using them Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、段落流で発生する波状流及び騒音を解消しつつ、水路の安全と環境を保全するに適した減勢工に関し、特に取水も容易となる直角Ｖ字型減勢工、それを使用したカスケード工、及びそれらを使用した段落水路に関する。 The present invention relates to a pressure reducer suitable for protecting the safety and environment of a water channel while eliminating wavy flow and noise generated in a paragraph flow, and in particular, a right-angle V-shaped pressure reducer that facilitates water intake, It relates to the cascade work used and the paragraph waterway using them.
従来から、例えばダムの放流水の水勢を弱め、水流を制御し易くするための減勢工が知られている。しかしながら、このような減勢工の規模は大きく、その構造も複雑で工費もかさむものであったので、住居に近い段落水路にそのまま転用できるというものではなかった。一方、急勾配の小規模河川で発生する波状流は騒音の原因となるだけでなく、水流を制御することができないので治水も困難であり、その対策が求められるに至った。そこで本発明者等は、段落水路や小規模河川に使用する事のできる安価な減勢工について鋭意検討した結果、流下水流方向に対して直交する這い上がり壁面を有する直角Ｖ字工が、簡単な構造であると共に土砂や石礫が堆積する事もなく維持管理が容易であるので安価であり、且つ環境保全にも適することを見出し、本発明に到達した。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a depressurization method for weakening the water flow of dam discharge water and making it easy to control the water flow is known. However, the scale of such a depressurization work is large, its structure is complicated and the construction cost is high, so it cannot be used as it is for the paragraph waterway close to the residence. On the other hand, the wavy flow generated in a steep small-scale river not only causes noise, but also cannot control the water flow, so it is difficult to control water, and countermeasures have been required. Therefore, as a result of diligent research on an inexpensive depressurization method that can be used for a paragraph waterway or a small river, the present inventors have made it easy to make a right-angle V-shaped work having a rising wall perpendicular to the flowing water flow direction. As a result, the present inventors have found that the structure is simple and is easy to maintain without depositing earth and sand and stones, so that it is inexpensive and suitable for environmental conservation.
従って、本発明の第１の目的は、構造が簡単である上に、土砂や石礫の堆積がなく維持管理が容易で安価な、段落水路や小規模河川に好適な減勢工を提供する事にある。
本発明の第２の目的は、急流の多い小規模河川において計画水量を容易に確保するに適した、安価なカスケード工又は段落水路を提供することにある。
Accordingly, the first object of the present invention is to provide a de-energizing work suitable for a paragraph channel and a small river, which is simple in structure and does not accumulate sediment and stones and is easy to maintain and inexpensive. There is a thing.
The second object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive cascade or paragraph waterway suitable for easily securing the planned water volume in a small river with many rapid currents.
即ち本発明は、騒音や波状流の発生する段落流を静かな流況に変える減勢工であって、該減勢工が、段落流を斜面に沿うように流下させる傾斜角４５度の段落斜面と、この斜面と直交し下流側水路入り口まで這い上がる這い上がり斜面、前記段落斜面頂部に設けられた上流側水路取り付け部、及び前記這い上がり斜面端部に設けられた下流側水路取り付け部とからなることを特徴とする直角Ｖ字型減勢工；該直角Ｖ字型減勢工を有するカスケード工であって、該直角Ｖ字型減勢工を含む一定の下流部が貯留部となる如く、前記這い上がり斜面の下流に水クッション部を形成する略水平の底部と、該底部の下流側にデフレクター部を有することを特徴とするカスケード工、及び、前記直角Ｖ字型減勢工及び／又はそれを有する前記カスケード工を、適宜組合せてなる段落水路である。 That is, the present invention is a depressurization work that changes a paragraph flow in which noise and a wavy flow are generated into a quiet flow condition, and the depressurization work is a paragraph with an inclination angle of 45 degrees that causes the paragraph flow to flow along the slope. A slope, a climbing slope that is perpendicular to the slope and climbs to the downstream channel entrance , an upstream channel installation portion provided at the top of the paragraph slope, and a downstream channel installation unit provided at the end of the climbing slope, Tona Rukoto perpendicular V-shaped energy dissipation Engineering and wherein; a cascade Engineering with right-angled V-shaped energy dissipation Engineering, and certain downstream portion including a right-angled V-shaped energy dissipation Engineering is reservoir As shown in the figure, a cascade work comprising a substantially horizontal bottom part forming a water cushion part downstream of the scooping slope, and a deflector part downstream of the bottom part, and the right-angled V-shaped depressurization work And / or the cascade having the same A paragraph waterway formed by combining as appropriate.
本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工は、減勢効果が顕著に表れることから、騒音公害や波立ちによる水路環境の破壊を起こし難くすることができる。また、従来の段落水路減勢工に比べて、構造が簡単であり、且つ段落高さに対して水クッション部の規模が小さいために、建設費が低廉であると共に、土砂、石礫の堆積がなく、浮遊流下物による通水障害も起こり難いために維持管理が容易である上、環境保全にも適しており、計画流量を安定して流下することができる。 The right-angled V-shaped energy reducing work of the present invention has a significant effect of reducing the energy, and therefore can hardly cause destruction of the water channel environment due to noise pollution and undulations. Compared to conventional paragraph waterway depressurization, the structure is simple and the size of the water cushion part is small relative to the paragraph height, so the construction cost is low, and sediment and stone gravel are deposited. In addition, it is easy to maintain because it is difficult for water flow problems to occur due to suspended flow, and it is also suitable for environmental conservation, and the planned flow rate can flow stably.
以下、本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工を、図面を用いて説明する。
図１は、本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工の断面図である。図中の符合１は、直角Ｖ字型減勢工、２は水流を斜面に沿うように流下させる傾斜角４５度の段落斜面、３は、この段落斜面２と直交し、下流側水路入り口まで這い上がる這い上がり斜面である。符号４は上流側水路取り付け部、５は下流側水路取り付け部である。また、適宜床固めの基礎６を設けたり、更に、取水の必要がある場合には、直角Ｖ字型減勢工の側壁に取水量に応じた孔口（図示せず）を設けることができる。
Hereinafter, the right angle V-shaped depressurization work of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a right angle V-shaped depressurizer of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a right-angled V-shaped depressurizer, 2 is a stage slope having an inclination angle of 45 degrees that allows the water flow to flow along the slope, and 3 is perpendicular to the stage slope 2 and reaches the downstream waterway entrance. It is a climbing slope that climbs up. Reference numeral 4 denotes an upstream side water channel mounting portion, and 5 denotes a downstream side water channel mounting portion. In addition, a floor foundation 6 may be provided as appropriate, and when water intake is required, a hole (not shown) corresponding to the amount of water intake may be provided on the side wall of the right angle V-shaped depressurizer. .
一般に開水路の流れは、一定の水深及び一定の水路勾配附近では、落下水の流量変動等によるわずかなエネルギー変化によって波状流が発生し、不安定な流況になりやすくなる。このときの等流水深及び水路勾配を、「限界水深」及び「限界勾配」という。這い上がり斜面頂部と 段落斜面頂部との高低差である直角Ｖ字型減勢工の段落高さＷ（ｍ）は、流況に応じて適宜設計する事ができるが、上流水路と下流水路の等流水深が上記限界水深附近となることを避け、波状流が発生し難い流況となるように設定する必要がある。本発明における段落斜面の傾斜角は４５度である。 In general, the flow of the open channel is likely to be unstable in the vicinity of a constant depth and a constant channel gradient due to a slight energy change caused by fluctuations in the flow rate of falling water. The equal water depth and channel gradient at this time are referred to as “limit water depth” and “limit gradient”. The vertical height W (m) of the right-angle V-shaped depressurizer, which is the difference in level between the top of the scooping slope and the top of the slope, can be designed as appropriate according to the flow conditions. It is necessary to set the flow condition so that the undulating flow is unlikely to occur, avoiding the equal flow depth near the critical water depth. Inclination angle of the paragraphs slope in the present invention is 45 degrees.
上流側から減勢工の段落斜面２を流下する水流は、這い上がり斜面に対して垂直に突入するため、這い上がり分流のほかに突入水流とは逆向きの分流が生じる。これらの二次水流が、突入水流を減勢するクッション（以下「水クッション」という。）を形成する。この水クッションの効果で突入水流のエネルギーの３０％〜４０％が減勢されるので、従来の段落水路減勢工に比べて構造が簡単で有るにもかかわらず、段落高さに対して水クッションの規模を小さくすることができ、建設費が低廉となる上に、騒音公害や波立ちによる水路環境の破壊が起こり難い。また、土砂や石礫の堆積がなく、浮遊流下物による通水障害も起こり難いので、維持管理が容易である上、計画流量を安全に流下させることができる。 The water flow that flows down from the upstream side on the paragraph slope 2 of the de-energizing work rushes perpendicularly to the scooping slope, and therefore, in addition to the scooping shunt, a shunt flow in the direction opposite to the rushing water flow occurs. These secondary water streams form a cushion (hereinafter referred to as “water cushion”) that reduces the inrush water stream. Because of the effect of this water cushion, 30% to 40% of the energy of the inrush water flow is de-energized. The size of the cushion can be reduced, the construction cost is low, and the waterway environment is not easily destroyed due to noise pollution or waves. In addition, since there is no sediment or sedimentation of stones and water flow failure due to suspended sediments does not occur easily, maintenance and management are easy, and the planned flow rate can be flowed safely.
一般に、流下水が斜面を離れて自然落下すると、騒音や波状流が生じる原因となることから、本発明においては、流下水が斜面を離れることを防ぐために、直角Ｖ字型減勢工の段落斜面の頂部である上流側水路落ち口（段落斜面の頂部と上流側水路取り付け部の境界部）を、丸みを有した曲面とすることが好ましい。該丸みの曲率半径Ｒ（ｍ）は、段落高さＷ（ｍ）の１／５以上であることが好ましい。本発明の直角Ｖ字型水クッションの深さＤ（ｍ）は、段落斜面２の傾斜角が４５度であるので、這い上がり斜面３頂部の高さで測定した直角Ｖ字型減勢工の幅Ｌ（ｍ）の１/２である。 In general, when the falling water naturally falls off the slope, it causes noise and a wave-like flow. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to prevent the flowing water from leaving the slope, the right-angled V-shaped depressurization section is provided. It is preferable that the upstream water channel outlet (the boundary between the top of the paragraph slope and the upstream water channel mounting portion) which is the top of the slope is a rounded curved surface. The radius of curvature R (m) of the roundness is preferably 1/5 or more of the paragraph height W (m). The depth D (m) of the right-angle V-shaped water cushion of the present invention is that of the right-angle V-shaped depressurizer measured at the height of the top of the scooping slope 3 because the inclination angle of the paragraph slope 2 is 45 degrees. It is 1/2 the width L (m).
また、前記突入水流とは逆向きの分流を発生しやすくしてクッション効率（減勢効率でもある）を高めるために、直角Ｖ字型減勢工の段落斜面と這い上がり斜面が直交する角には丸みを持たせても良い。このようにすることにより、減勢工の底部に土砂や石礫が堆積することを、より効果的に防ぐことができる。本発明においては、上記水クッション部から取水するように、水クッション部側壁に孔口（図示せず）を設けて取水水路を結合しても良いが、このように分岐水路が有る場合には上流側の水路幅と下流側の水路幅を変えても良いことは当然である。 In addition, in order to easily generate a diversion in the direction opposite to the inrush water flow and increase the cushion efficiency (which is also the de-energization efficiency), the right-angled V-shaped depressurization section slope and the rising slope are at an angle perpendicular to each other. May be rounded. By doing in this way, it can prevent more effectively that earth and sand and gravel accumulate on the bottom part of a depressurization work. In the present invention, a hole (not shown) may be provided in the side wall of the water cushion portion so as to take water from the water cushion portion, and the intake water channel may be coupled. Naturally, the upstream channel width and the downstream channel width may be changed.
本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工は、少なくとも前記段落斜面部と這い上がり斜面部とからなるユニットとすることができる。ユニットの材料は、鋼板、コンクリート、又はそれらの組合せ等、公知の材料の中から適宜選択して使用することができる。該ユニットの形状を、施行現場の地形や傾斜度にあわせ、適宜設計することによって施工を容易にし、工期の短縮及び工費の軽減を図ることができる。段落斜面部と這い上がり斜面部のみからなるユニットであれば、大量生産が可能であるのでより経済的となる。 The right-angled V-shaped depressurization work of the present invention can be a unit comprising at least the above-mentioned paragraph slope part and the scooping slope part. The material of the unit can be appropriately selected from known materials such as steel plate, concrete, or a combination thereof. By appropriately designing the shape of the unit in accordance with the terrain and slope of the construction site, the construction can be facilitated, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction cost can be reduced. A unit consisting only of a paragraph slope and a climbing slope is more economical because it can be mass-produced.
図２は、段落斜面の傾斜角が４５度である本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工を用いた本発明のカスケード工を説明するための断面図である。本発明のカスケード工は、本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工を水クッション部の最上流側に有し、該直角Ｖ字型減勢工を含む一定の下流部が貯水部となる如く、前記這い上がり斜面３の下流に、より広い水クッション部を形成する略水平の底部と、該底部の下流側にクッション水を貯留するためのデフレクター部を有する。 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the cascade work of the present invention using the right-angle V-shaped depressurization work of the present invention in which the inclination angle of the paragraph slope is 45 degrees. The cascade work of the present invention has the right angle V-shaped depressurization work of the present invention on the uppermost stream side of the water cushion part, and a certain downstream part including the right angle V-shaped depressurization work becomes the water storage part, A substantially horizontal bottom portion that forms a wider water cushion portion and a deflector portion for storing cushion water on the downstream side of the bottom portion are provided downstream of the scooping slope 3.
本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工の這い上がり斜面頂部までの高さ（減勢工這い上がり高さ）Ｄ（ｍ）は、水クッション部の深さとなり、Ｄ（ｍ）は本発明のカスケード工のデフレクターの這い上がり斜面頂部迄の深さ（デフレクター這い上がり高さ）Ｄ’（ｍ）より深いことが好ましく、１．５倍以上であることがより好ましい。Ｄ’（ｍ）は０．３〜０．５ｍであることが好ましい。直角Ｖ字型減勢工の這い上がり高さＤ（ｍ）は以下のようにして求められるが、直角Ｖ字型減勢工に突入する段落斜面流下水の流速水頭の７０〜８０％が下流側水路の等流水深水位と等しくなるようにすることによっても求められる。 The height to the top of the scooping slope of the right-angle V-shaped depressurizer of the present invention (the depressing work scooping height) D (m) is the depth of the water cushion portion, and D (m) is the depth of the present invention. It is preferably deeper than the depth to the top of the scooping slope of the cascade deflector (deflector scooping height) D ′ (m), more preferably 1.5 times or more. D ′ (m) is preferably 0.3 to 0.5 m. The creeping height D (m) of the right-angle V-shaped reducer is calculated as follows, but 70 to 80% of the flow velocity head of the paragraph slope flowing into the right-angle V-shaped reducer is downstream. It can also be obtained by making it equal to the equal water depth of the side channel.
水路の計画流量をＱ（ｍ３／ｓ）とすると、水路幅Ｂ（ｍ）、段落高さＷ（ｍ）及び重力加速度ｇ（ｍ／ｓ２）から、限界水深ｈｃ（ｍ）は、下記第１式で表される。
Assuming that the planned flow rate of the channel is Q (m 3 / s), from the channel width B (m), the paragraph height W (m) and the gravitational acceleration g (m / s 2 ), the critical water depth h c (m) is It is represented by the following first formula.
また、限界水深時の流速（限界流速）Ｖｃ（ｍ／ｓ）は、下記第２式で表される。
Further, the flow velocity at the critical depth (limit flow velocity) V c (m / s) is expressed by the following second formula.
更に、段落斜面下端の流速Ｖ１（ｍ／ｓ）は下記第３式で表される。
但し、Ｅ０は上流側水路落ち口部における比エネルギーであり、Ｅ０＝１．５ｈｃである。また、定数０．８はエネルギーの損失を考慮した数値である。
Furthermore, the flow velocity V 1 (m / s) at the lower end of the paragraph slope is expressed by the following third formula.
However, E 0 is the specific energy at the upstream waterway outlet, and E 0 = 1.5 h c . The constant 0.8 is a numerical value considering energy loss.
Ｖｃ及びＶ１より、Ｄ（ｍ）は下記式４で表される。
但し、θは這い上がり斜面傾斜角、Ｋは係数であり、θ＝４５度のときＫ＝１．０１５である。
Than V c and V 1, D (m) is represented by the following formula 4.
However, θ is a rising slope angle, K is a coefficient, and K = 1.015 when θ = 45 degrees.
本発明のカスケード工において、 前記水クッション部を形成する略水平の底部の長さＬ’（ｍ）は、前記直角Ｖ字型減勢工の上流側頂部と下流側這い上がり斜面頂部の段落高さＷ（ｍ）の２倍以上であることが好ましい。 In the cascade work of the present invention, the length L ′ (m) of the substantially horizontal bottom part forming the water cushion part is the height of the upstream side of the right-angled V-shaped depressurization work and the height of the top of the slope on the downstream side. It is preferably at least twice the thickness W (m).
本発明の段落水路は、本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工及び／又は本発明のカスケード工を適宜組み合わせて構成することができる。直角Ｖ字型減勢工の設置間隔及び段落水路の勾配は、地形に応じて緩勾配又は急勾配のいずれでもよいが、波状流の発生し難い流況となるように限界勾配附近を避けると共に、急勾配の場合には施工上の難易を考慮し、適切な設置間隔と水路勾配を設定する必要がある。 The paragraph waterway of the present invention can be constituted by appropriately combining the right-angle V-shaped depressurization work of the present invention and / or the cascade work of the present invention. The installation interval of the right-angle V-shaped reducer and the gradient of the paragraph waterway may be either gentle or steep, depending on the terrain, but avoiding the proximity of the critical gradient so that the undulating flow is unlikely to occur. In the case of a steep slope, it is necessary to set an appropriate installation interval and channel gradient considering the difficulty of construction.
例えば、水路勾配１／１０前後の斜路式魚道のように、一様な急勾配水路の場合には、本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工をＤ（ｍ）の２〜３倍の間隔で設置することによって、流下水の減勢をはかることができる（図３参照）。 また、水路幅は一定である必要はなく、水路系の途中で、流入水及び流出水がある場合には水路幅を変化させることができる。 For example, in the case of a uniform steep waterway, such as a sloping fishway with a waterway gradient of about 1/10, the right angle V-shaped depressurizer of the present invention is arranged at intervals of 2 to 3 times D (m). By installing it, it is possible to reduce the spilled water (see FIG. 3). Further, the channel width need not be constant, and the channel width can be changed when there is inflow water and outflow water in the middle of the channel system.
本発明の直角Ｖ字型減勢工は、従来の段落水路減勢工に比べて構造が簡単であり、且つ段落高さに対して水クッションの規模が小さいために建設費が低廉である。更に、段落水路の最終段階に設置した場合には、従来必要とされていた下流側護床工を不要とすることもできる利点がある。更に、土砂や石礫の堆積がなく、浮遊流下物による通水障害も起こり難いために維持管理が容易である上、環境保全にも適しており、計画流量を安定して流下することができるので、産業上の利用可能性は大きい。 The right angle V-shaped depressurization work of the present invention is simpler in structure than the conventional paragraph waterway depressurization work, and the construction cost is low because the scale of the water cushion is small with respect to the stage height. Furthermore, when it is installed at the final stage of the paragraph waterway, there is an advantage that the downstream side floor protection work conventionally required can be eliminated. In addition, there is no sediment or sedimentation of stones, and it is difficult to cause water flow failure due to suspended flow, so it is easy to maintain and is suitable for environmental conservation, and the planned flow rate can flow stably. Therefore, industrial applicability is great.
１ 直角Ｖ字型減勢工
２ 段落斜面部
３ 這い上がり斜面部
４ 上流側水路取り付け部
５ 下流側水路取り付け部
６ Ｖ字型減勢工基礎
Ｗ 段落高さ（ｍ）
Ｄ 減勢工這い上がり高さ（ｍ）
Ｄ’デフレクター這い上がり高さ（ｍ）
Ｌ 減勢工幅（ｍ）
Ｌ’カスケード工底部の長さ（ｍ）
1 Right-angle V-shaped reducer 2 Paragraph slope part 3 Scooping slope part 4 Upstream side waterway attachment part 5 Downstream side waterway attachment part 6 V-shaped relief structure W Paragraph height (m)
D Height reduction (m)
D 'Deflector crawling height (m)
L Reduction work width (m)
L 'Cascade construction bottom length (m)
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| JP2004254197A JP4723214B2 (en) | 2004-09-01 | 2004-09-01 | Right angle V-shaped depressurization work, cascade work using it, and paragraph waterway using them |
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| JP2004254197A JP4723214B2 (en) | 2004-09-01 | 2004-09-01 | Right angle V-shaped depressurization work, cascade work using it, and paragraph waterway using them |
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| JP2006070537A JP2006070537A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| JP4723214B2 true JP4723214B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
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| CN102720170A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-10 | 四川大学 | Special stepped energy dissipater |
| CN105239540A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-13 | 四川大学 | Slant-base-plate-type stilling pool |
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| RU2450103C2 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-05-10 | ФГОУ ВПО "Кабардино-Балкарская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Energy dissipator |
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| JPS5361140A (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-06-01 | Aoi Enjiniaringu Kk | Intake apparatus |
| JPS60195212A (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1985-10-03 | Kurimoto Iron Works Ltd | Aerial effluence impact type deactivating tank |
| JPH0312916A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-01-21 | Nec Corp | Electron beam lithography |
| JPH08311847A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-11-26 | Kazuhiro Umada | Baffle pier with blade-like sill type semi-automatic sand flash and intake weir |
| JP3768719B2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2006-04-19 | 株式会社シミズ | Fishway block |
| JP2001123435A (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-08 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Water channel structure |
| JP3377498B2 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2003-02-17 | 光男 山本 | Floor consolidation cascade intake |
| JP3483847B2 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2004-01-06 | 東洋スクリーン工業株式会社 | Intake structure of river surface water with sloped intake screen installed at floor stop |
| JP3748391B2 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2006-02-22 | 光男 山本 | Floor firming cascade fishway |
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- 2004-09-01 JP JP2004254197A patent/JP4723214B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102720170A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-10 | 四川大学 | Special stepped energy dissipater |
| CN102720170B (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2014-10-15 | 四川大学 | Special stepped energy dissipater |
| CN105239540A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-13 | 四川大学 | Slant-base-plate-type stilling pool |
| CN111121854A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南昌工程学院 | Device for measuring energy dissipation rate of trajectory jet energy dissipater and using method |
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| JP2006070537A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
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