JP3768719B2 - Fishway block - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fishway block for forming a fishway in which, for example, in a river or waterway provided with a dam or the like, fish can go upstream upstream of the dam or the like for spawning or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
If there are waterfalls, dams, dams, etc. in the river, this slope is formed by forming an inclined surface on the downstream side of the dams, etc. It is conceivable that the surface is a fishway, and it is easy for fish to go back through this fishway. Therefore, the inclination angle of the fishway needs to be relatively small so that the fish can go back.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if the difference between the water level on the upstream side of the dam and the water level on the downstream side, that is, the head is relatively large, if the inclination of the fishway is reduced, the length of the fishway will become longer and the fish will There are cases where it is impossible to pass through, and there is a problem that the construction cost increases as the fishway becomes longer. Of course, when the inclination angle of the fishway is increased, it becomes difficult for the fish to go back along the fishway.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a fishway block that allows fish to easily go back and can be constructed at low cost in places where there is a drop in the water level between the upstream side and the downstream side, such as places such as dams.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Fishway block according to the present onset Ming, the fishway formed as an inclined surface forming a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal plane in a state installed provided on the upper surface portion, the fish in the middle of the fish ladder is provided with rest possible sump recess enabled with upper Symbol fishway in those characterized by it, and a outflow-side fishway for discharging the water from the inflow side fishway and the water sump recess for introducing the water into the water reservoir recess, the inflow-side The fishway and the outflow-side fishway are arranged so as to be shifted from each other in a substantially horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of water flow when viewed from above.
[0006]
Further, the fishway block according to the present onset bright is the invention of claim 1, said fishway block is of an upper block and a lower block, is provided with the fishway to the upper block, the lower block, the upper A hollow block that is open at the bottom and has a drain hole at the bottom and an exhaust hole at the side wall.
[0007]
The fishway block of the present invention can be installed on a downstream riverbed such as a dam, for example, so that water on the upstream side of the dam can flow downstream through the fishway. Thereby, the fish located downstream from the dam can be traced back to the upstream side of the dam through the fishway formed by the inclined surface. And since the water reservoir recessed part is provided in the middle of the fishway, the fish which is going to go upstream through this fishway can rest in this water reservoir recessed part.
Then, when the upstream water flows through the fishway and flows into the water reservoir recess, the water stored in the water reservoir recess is bubbled, and thereby oxygen in the air is dissolved in the water stored in the water reservoir recess. be able to. The water in which a large amount of oxygen stored in the water reservoir recess is dissolved overflows from the water reservoir recess and flows downstream through the fishway.
[0008]
In addition, the inflow side fishway and the outflow side fishway connected to the water reservoir recess are arranged so as to be shifted from each other in a substantially horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of water flow when viewed from above, so that the water passes through the inflow side fishway. The momentum (velocity) of the upstream water flow that has flowed into the reservoir recess can be canceled by the water accumulated in the reservoir recess, and the water in the reservoir recess where the momentum of the water flow has been canceled will flow out. It can flow out downstream through the side fishway.
[0010]
According to the onset bright, since the fishway blocks are divided into the upper block and the lower block, to the weight of the comparison to each of the blocks in the case of forming both together can be lightweight, small volume can do.
Then, since the structure of the lower block and the hollow can be a weight to weight. In addition, since the lower block has an exhaust hole and a drain hole, the air accumulated in the hollow part during construction can be discharged to the outside, and the water flowing into the hollow part can be discharged to the side of the upper block. Instead, it can be drained toward the riverbed.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a fishway block according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The fishway block of this embodiment is made of concrete, and is used by being installed on the bottom (river bed) of a river or waterway, for example, as shown in FIGS. In the figure, 1 is a fishway block.
The fishway block 1 includes a first upper block 1a and a second upper block 1b provided with a fishway 6, and a lower block 21 provided below the first upper block 1a. ing. Since the second upper block 1b is vertically symmetrical with the first upper block 1a as seen from the plan view of FIG. 2, the first upper block 1a will be described and the second upper block 1b will be described. Omitted.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first upper block 1 a is formed by an inclined surface that lowers the upper surface 2 of the main body portion 3 toward the downstream side. 4 is provided. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view seen from the YY direction of FIG. 2, and as shown in this figure, the bottom surface of the water reservoir recess 4 is curved in an arc shape. 5 is an end view of the water reservoir recess 4 as seen from the ZZ direction of FIG.
Then, on the upper surface 2 of the first upper block 1 a, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 2, water is introduced from the inflow side fishway 6 a (6) for allowing water to flow into the water reservoir recess 4 and the water reservoir recess 4. An outflow side fishway 6b (6) is provided for the outflow, and the inflow side fishway 6a and the outflow side fishway 6b are arranged so as to be shifted from each other in a substantially horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of water flow when viewed from above. It is. FIG. 6 is an end view of the inflow side fishway 6a as viewed from the YY direction of FIG. 2, and the outflow side fishway 6b has the same end surface shape.
Further, as shown in FIG. 6 and the like, the first upper block 1a has side walls 7 and 7 having predetermined heights on both side edges of the main body portion 3 along the inflow side and outflow side fishways 6a and 6b. It is provided. FIG. 3 is a front view of the first upper block 1a. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the first upper block 1a as viewed from the WW direction of FIG.
[0013]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the lower block 21 is a hollow block having a rectangular planar shape and opening upward. The bottom portion 22 is provided with four drain holes 25, and the pair of side wall portions 23, 23 parallel to the fishway 6 are provided with the side wall portions 23 at positions close to and above the bottom portion 22. A total of 10 exhaust holes 27 penetrating therethrough and a total of 4 exhaust holes 28 are drilled.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a step portion 30 is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the upper end of the side wall portion 23 of the lower block 21. As shown in FIG. 1, the stepped portion 30 is fitted with a protruding portion 9 projecting from the lower surface of the first upper block 1 a so that the first upper block 1 a and the lower block 21 are horizontal. This is to prevent positional displacement in the direction.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a concave portion 8 is provided at an end portion on the water inflow side of the first upper block 1a, and a convex portion 10 is provided at an end portion on the water outflow side. As shown in FIG. 1, the recess 8 and the protrusion 10 are fitted to each other when the first upper block 1a and the second upper block 1b are connected to each other. By doing so, both are prevented from causing a positional shift in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
As shown in FIG. 6, the first upper block 1 a is provided with a hanging hardware locking hole 11 and a hanging hardware locking hole 12. These holes 11 and 12 are used for suspending with a crane or the like when the first upper block 1a is installed.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, when installing the lower block 21, the hollow part (inner side) is filled with chestnut.
[0014]
Next, the installation procedure of the fishway block 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. First, the lower block 21 is installed on the riverbed R in a state where the lower block 21 is in contact with the downstream side surface of the dam M. Next, the second upper block 1 b is installed on the downstream side of the lower block 21. After that, the first upper block 1 a is installed on the lower block 21. According to the fishway block 1 installed in this way, the outflow side fishway 6b provided in the second and first upper blocks 1b, 1a in which the fish that inhabit the downstream side of the dam M is formed by an inclined surface. Further, the water reservoir recess 4 and the inflow side fishway 6a can be sequentially traced to reach the upstream side, and eggs can be laid on the upstream side. And, since the water reservoir recesses 4 are provided at two locations along the fishway 1, fish going back upstream through the fishway 1 can rest in the respective water reservoir recesses 4, thereby You can definitely reach the side.
Then, the upstream water flows into the water reservoir recess 4 through the inflow side fishway 6a, so that the water accumulated in the water reservoir recess 4 can be bubbled to dissolve oxygen in the air. It is possible to effectively reduce the fatigue of the fish resting in the water reservoir recess 4. Furthermore, the water containing a large amount of oxygen can be discharged downstream.
[0015]
Further, the inflow side fishway 6a and the outflow side fishway 6b connected to the respective water reservoir recesses 4 are shifted from each other in a substantially horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of water flow when viewed from above. The momentum (velocity) of the upstream water flow that has flowed into the water reservoir recess 4 through 6a can be canceled by the water accumulated in the water reservoir recess 4, and the water reservoir in which the water flow momentum has been canceled The water in the recess 4 can flow out downstream through the outflow side fishway 6b. Accordingly, it is possible to weaken the momentum of the water flowing through the inflow side and outflow side fishways 6a and 6b, thereby making it easier for fish to go back up the fishway 1.
[0016]
Furthermore, when the amount of water in the river or the like where the fishway block 1 is installed is small or normal, the depth of the fishway becomes deeper by flowing upstream water downstream through a relatively narrow fishway. The fish on the downstream side can go back to the upstream side through the fishway 1. And when there is much quantity of water, such as a river, since it can prevent the water from overflowing from the fishway block 1 by the side walls 7 and 7, the fish passes upstream through the water channel surrounded by these side walls 7 and 7. Can head to. In other words, when water overflows from the fishway block 1, it is difficult for the fish to reach the upstream side, but it is possible to reach the upstream side by preventing the water from overflowing.
[0017]
Since the fishway block 1 is divided into the first and second upper blocks 1a, 1b and the lower block 21, the weight of each block 1a, 1b, 21 can be reduced and the bulk is increased. Can be small. Thereby, compared with the case where both are made into an integrated type, manufacture and construction can be performed comparatively easily.
And since the exhaust holes 27 and 28 are provided in the lower block 21, the air collected in the hollow part of the lower block 21 at the time of construction can be discharged to the outside, whereby the first upper block It is possible to prevent 1a from receiving a force in the direction of lifting due to the air accumulated in the hollow portion. Further, since the water flowing into the hollow portion can be drained from the drain hole 25 toward the river bed R side instead of the first upper block 1a side, the flowing force of the water flowing into the hollow portion is the first. It is possible to prevent the upper block 1a of one from acting as a force to lift. As a result, the fishway block can be stably installed.
[0018]
In addition, the inclination angle of the fishways 6a and 6b shown in FIG. 1 is 15 ° to 20 °, the drop in the water level between the upstream side and the downstream side is about 60 cm, the first upper block 1a, the second upper block 1b, and the lower side The length of each of the blocks 21 in the flowing direction of water is about 210 cm, but other angles and lengths may be used.
[0019]
However, in the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the fishway block 1 is provided with the two water reservoir recesses 4, but the configuration in which one or three or more water reservoir recesses 4 are provided along the fishway 6. It is good.
The fishway block 1 is composed of three blocks, the first upper block 1a, the second upper block 1b, and the lower block 21, but one, two, or four or more other than this. It is good also as a structure which consists of a number of blocks.
Further, the fishway block 1 shown in the above embodiment may be installed in a plurality of rows along the dam M.
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the fishway block 1 is applied to the dam M. However, the fishway block 1 is provided at a place where there is a waterfall or a dam other than the dam M, and the fish downstream of the waterfall or dam goes back to the upstream side of the waterfall. Can be able to.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The fishway block of the present invention can be installed on a downstream riverbed such as a dam, for example, so that water on the upstream side of the dam can flow downstream through the fishway. According to the fishway block installed in this way, when the difference between the upstream water level and the downstream water level is relatively large, even if the fishway length is increased by reducing the inclination angle of the fishway, Since the water reservoir recessed portion provided in the middle of the water becomes a resting place for the fish, the fish on the downstream side can easily reach the upstream side of the dam through this fishway. This can contribute to spawning fish.
Even if the fishway block is made slightly smaller and its length is shortened to reduce the size of the fishway block, the reservoir recess becomes a resting place for fish and the downstream fish You can easily reach the upstream side. Thus, if the fishway block is made small, manufacture and construction are facilitated, and the cost required for each can be reduced.
In addition, when the upstream water flows through the fishway into the water reservoir recess, the water accumulated in the water reservoir recess can be bubbled to dissolve oxygen in the air, thereby resting in the water reservoir recess. Can effectively reduce the fatigue of fish. Furthermore, since the water containing a large amount of oxygen flows downstream, it can contribute to the growth of downstream fish.
[0021]
Additionally, or longer fish canal, the drop of the inlet and outlet of the fishway is large, the momentum of the water flowing from the inlet of the fish ladder is that considerable stronger when flowing out from the outlet of the fishway, come according to the present invention The water momentum can be reduced. In other words, the momentum (velocity) of the upstream water flow that has flowed into the water reservoir recess through the inflow side fishway can be canceled out by the water accumulated in the water reservoir recess, and the water flow momentum has been canceled. The water in the water reservoir recess can be discharged to the downstream side through the outflow side fishway. Therefore, it is possible to weaken the momentum of the water flowing through the inflow side and the outflow side fishway, so that the fish can easily go back up the fishway.
[0023]
Furthermore, since are divided fish road block to the upper block and a lower block, it is possible to the weight of each block can be lightweight to reduce the bulk. Thereby, manufacture and construction can be performed relatively easily as compared with the integrated type.
And since the exhaust hole is provided in the lower block, the air accumulated in the hollow part of the lower block during construction can be discharged to the outside, and thereby the upper block is caused by the air accumulated in the hollow part. It is possible not to receive the force of the rising direction. Moreover, since the water that has flowed into the hollow portion can be drained from the drainage hole toward the river bed side instead of the upper block side, the force of the water flowing into the hollow portion to lift the upper block as a force You can prevent it from working. As a result, the fishway block can be stably installed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fishway block according to an embodiment of the present invention when viewed from the XX direction of FIG.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a fishway block according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a first upper block constituting the fishway block according to the embodiment.
4 is a cross-sectional view of the first upper block according to the same embodiment as viewed from the WW direction in FIG. 2;
5 is an end view of the first upper block according to the same embodiment as viewed from the ZZ direction in FIG. 2;
6 is an end view of the first upper block according to the same embodiment as viewed from the YY direction of FIG. 2;
7A and 7B are views showing a lower block constituting the fishway block according to the embodiment, wherein FIG. 7A is a plan view, and FIG. c) It is sectional drawing seen from the BB direction of (a).
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fishway block 1a 1st upper fishway block 1b 2nd upper fishway block 2 Inclined upper surface 4 Reservoir recessed part 6 Fishway 6a Inflow side fishway 6b Outflow side fishway 7 Side wall 21 Lower block 25 Drain holes 27, 28 Exhaust hole

Claims (2)

The formed fish path and the upstream and downstream block fish rest capable sump recess was set digits each in the middle of the fish canal as an inclined surface forming a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal plane complementary in installed state In each block, the position of the fishway is shifted so that the position where the water flows into the recess and the position where the water flows out of the recess are different in each block. fishway blocks characterized that you fishway on the inflow side of the downstream-side block in a position contiguous to the fishway on the outflow side in the block is provided. In claim 1 Symbol placement of the fishway block is upper Symbol upstream arranged lower block below the block, the lower block is formed into a box shape having a drainage hole in the upper surface is open bottom, its upper edge the upstream block bottom mutually bonded in a complementary relationship, fishway block downstream wall, characterized in that you are with each other bonded in a complementary relation to the inflow side end of the downstream block.

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