CN109098152A - A kind of anti-cavitation facility of Stepped Spillway - Google Patents
A kind of anti-cavitation facility of Stepped Spillway Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109098152A CN109098152A CN201810825615.6A CN201810825615A CN109098152A CN 109098152 A CN109098152 A CN 109098152A CN 201810825615 A CN201810825615 A CN 201810825615A CN 109098152 A CN109098152 A CN 109098152A
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- ladder
- cavitation
- transition steps
- snorkel
- facade
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Barrages (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of anti-cavitation facilities of Stepped Spillway, the present invention increases the compressed capability to water flow using flaring gate pier, lower sluicing stream cross-direction shrinkage is vertically stretched, flip shot is to downstream, at the deflecting nappe mutual aeration in the sky of stock, collision, to energy dissipating, what flaring gate pier tail portion was set in addition chooses bank, lower sluicing stream can be chosen from spillwag chute, to form aerated cavity, outside air is mixed into cavity using anti-cavitation transition steps, substantially reduce the negative pressure for choosing that bank and transition steps junction occur, improve aeration concentrater inside ladder, reducing cavitation erosion may；Step after cavity is precisely that overflow forward position is fallen a little, is acted on using frictional resistance of the step to water flow, accelerates step to aerial drainage dissipation of energy；Ogee section and the further energy dissipating of stilling pond are utilized later, and the present invention utilizes the joint flood-discharge energy-dissipating structure of branch's subregion, has not only reduced the destruction of overfull dam surface cavitation corrosion cavitation, but also improve energy dissipation rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anti-cavitation facilities of Stepped Spillway, belong to high water head, large discharge per unit downstairs air defense
Change ventilation field.
Background technique
Flood discharge discharge per unit width is increasing is a feature of China's high dam construction, and high dam construction development from now on becomes
Gesture.Hydropower Station is opened up in the construction sixties, and discharge per unit width is up to 143.2 m3(sm), the Ankang Hydropower station of the construction seventies,
Maximum discharge per unit width is up to 282.7 m3(sm), some water-control projects as the nineties so far, discharge per unit width are even more
It is growing on and on.Although project cost can be reduced by increasing flood discharge discharge per unit width, it is also possible to high dam flood releasing structure can be made to generate
Cavitation and cavitation erosion problem.From the point of view of the engineering applied, because big single wide, high velocity stream causes if Ah sea's hydroelectric station operation is less than half a year
Ladder is along journey cavitation destruction；The Fujian power station Shui Dong is after putting into operation, and cascaded surface is also by slight destruction.Therefore,
Under high water head, large discharge per unit, flaring gate pier+Stepped Spillway+stilling pond integration energy dissipater cavitation and cavitation erosion problem and solution
Certainly method is the Important Problems studied at present.
According to existing engineering practice and it is countless experiments have shown that, air mixing corrosion reducing be prevent Stepped Spillway occur cavitation erosion
Most effective, most economical method.When experimental study shows that aeration concentrater reaches 2% or so in water body, aeration effect is obviously obtained
A possibility that improving, having significantly reduced cavitation erosion, it is broken to can avoid cavitation corrosion when aeration concentrater reaches 7% or so completely
It is bad.Therefore efficient air entraining facilities are to avoiding Stepped Spillway that cavitation erosion occurs and ensure hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering safe operation tool
There is certain meaning.According to Zhang Ting to Guizhou Suofengyin Hydropower Station X-type flaring gate pier+integrated energy dissipater of step+stilling pond
Cavitation phenomenon has occurred in chopped-off head step facade and overfull dam surface intersection in discovery in research, illustrates this integrated energy dissipater couple
The air entrainment of overfull dam surface also not up to requires.Therefore it should suitably increase in chopped-off head step facade with overfull dam surface intersection and mix
Gas concentration reaches a possibility that reducing cavitation erosion.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of anti-cavitation facilities of Stepped Spillway, for solving in chopped-off head step facade and overflow
The problem of cavitation phenomenon has occurred in dam facing intersection.
The technical scheme is that a kind of anti-cavitation facility of Stepped Spillway, including the ventilation of transition steps 52, abutment wall
Pipe 12；
The transition steps 52 are made of two-stage ladder, the flaring gate pier 3 of the chopped-off head ladder connection Stepped Spillway of transition steps 52
Pier tail, the second level ladder of transition steps 52 connect uniform ladder 6, and the anti-cavitation design of transition steps 52 uses three kinds of structures:
The first structure: being designed with row's snorkel 57 behind the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps 52, and the one of snorkel 57
Ladder facade is run through at end, and the other end of snorkel 57 is connected to vent stack 56, and one end of two vent stacks 56 passes through connection
Pipe connection, in two vent stacks 56 wherein the other end closing of a vent stack 56, another vent stack 56 it is another
End is communicated by abutment wall snorkel 12 with atmosphere；
Second of structure: being equipped with steel facing on the outside of the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps 52, and is equidistantly equipped with ventilation
Hole 54 is equipped with rectangle ventilation transverse tube 53 behind the facade of ladder and communicates with venthole 54, and rectangle ventilation transverse tube 53 is directly in rank
Terraced to pour to be formed below, rectangle ventilation 53 both ends of transverse tube pass through abutment wall snorkel 12 respectively and communicate with atmosphere；
The third structure: being equipped with steel facing on the outside of the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps 52, and is equidistantly equipped with ventilation
Hole 54 is equipped with semicircle ventilation transverse tube 55 behind the facade of ladder and communicates with venthole 54, and semicircle ventilation transverse tube 55 is directly
It pours to be formed behind ladder, semicircle ventilation 55 both ends of transverse tube pass through abutment wall snorkel 12 respectively and communicate with atmosphere.
It further include choosing bank 51, the chopped-off head ladder of transition steps 52 connects 3 pier tail of flaring gate pier by choosing bank 51.
The angle, θ for choosing bank 51 is 8 °≤θ≤11.3 °.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, increase the compressed capability to water flow using flaring gate pier, lower sluicing stream cross-direction shrinkage is vertically stretched, flip shot to downstream, at
The deflecting nappe mutual aeration, collision in the sky of stock, thus energy dissipating, what flaring gate pier tail portion was set in addition chooses bank, can flow lower sluicing
It chooses from spillwag chute, to form aerated cavity, outside air is mixed into cavity using anti-cavitation transition steps, substantially reduces and chooses
The negative pressure that bank and transition steps junction occur, improves aeration concentrater inside ladder, and reducing cavitation erosion may；After cavity
Step is precisely that overflow forward position is fallen a little, is acted on using frictional resistance of the step to water flow, accelerates step to aerial drainage dissipation of energy；It
Ogee section and the further energy dissipating of stilling pond are utilized afterwards, and the present invention utilizes the joint flood-discharge energy-dissipating structure of branch's subregion, both reduced
Overfull dam surface cavitation corrosion cavitation is destroyed, and improves energy dissipation rate.
2, outside air is mixed using transition steps, generates stable aerated cavity, it is dense to increase aeration inside ladder
Degree.Thus greatly reduce choose bank and transition steps junction easily occur cavitation erosion may, extend building service life,
Be conducive to hydraulic engineering safe operation.
3, transition steps structure is simple, directly pours to be formed behind ladder, and easy construction is at low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is side view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is overfall dam water surface line chart of the invention；
Fig. 4 is abutment wall breather pipe structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is partial top view of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the first structural schematic diagram of transition steps of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is second of structural schematic diagram of transition steps of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the third structural schematic diagram of transition steps of the present invention；
Each label in figure are as follows: 1- dam body, 2- gate, 3- flaring gate pier, 4- overflow abutment wall, 5- Stepped Spillway anti-cavitation facility,
51- choose bank, 52- transition steps, 53- rectangle ventilation transverse tube, 54- venthole, 55- semicircle ventilation transverse tube, 56- vent stack,
The uniform ladder of 57- snorkel, 6-, 7- ogee section, 8- stilling pond, 9- baffle wall style, 10- or so abutment wall water surface curve, 11- aeration are empty
Chamber, 12- abutment wall snorkel.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the invention will be further described, but the contents of the present invention be not limited to it is described
Range.
Embodiment 1: a kind of anti-cavitation facility 5 of Stepped Spillway is applied to water conservancy and hydropower multi-purpose project, the power station dam crest
Length is 482 m, maximum 132 m of height of dam, 150 ~ 200m of discharge per unit width3In the flood-discharge energy-dissipating building of/sm.Flood-discharge energy-dissipating is built
Object to be built to be made of left bank overflow surface bay and flood discharge sand duct, overflow surface bay hole count is 5 holes, and port size is the m of 13m × 20,
The slope section of 1:0.75 is followed by using WES weir-type using the integrated flood-discharge energy-dissipating mode of " flaring gate pier+ladder+stilling pond ",
Dam facing totally 29 ladders, high 1 m of ladder, wide 0.75 m, the dam facing gradient are 53 °, under reversed segmental arc and stilling pond.
Its structure is as shown in Figure 6: including the bank 51(that chooses after flaring gate pier 3 is arranged in, to choose bank be with uniform step salient angle vertex
Line is benchmark line, using first order ladder facade vertex position as starting point, increases 1m vertically upward as the fixed height for choosing bank,
At an angle it is that θ chooses bank with reference line shape) and transition steps 52.Choosing 51 shape of bank is " triangle " shape, and angle, θ is 8 °
≤ θ≤11.3 °, choose 3 specific angles in the present embodiment, respectively 8 °, 10 °, 11.3 °, height h=1m, transition steps by
The big step composition of 2 high 2m, width 1.5m, are designed with row's snorkel 57 behind the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps 52,
Ladder facade is run through in one end of snorkel 57, and the other end of snorkel 57 is connected to vent stack 56, two vent stacks' 56
One end is connected to by communicating pipe, the wherein other end closing, another ventilation of a vent stack 56 in two vent stacks 56
The other end of supervisor 56 is communicated by abutment wall snorkel 12 with atmosphere；In the model test of 1:60,56 diameter of vent stack is
2cm, 57 diameter of snorkel are 10mm or so, are spaced 18cm, and 12 diameter of abutment wall snorkel is 33.3mm.
Experimental test shows choosing bank+anti-cavitation transition steps combined energy dissipater and can protect WES curve in the present embodiment
Section and chopped-off head step facade joining place, aeration concentrater are 4.8% or so, are avoided that cavitation corrosion cavitation, which occurs, to be destroyed, energy dissipation rate is about
65%。
3 kinds of forms for choosing bank 51 are combined with transition steps 52, are formed and of the invention are chosen bank+anti-cavitation transition steps group
Fit type, such as Fig. 6.
Embodiment 2: a kind of anti-cavitation facility 5 of Stepped Spillway is applied to water conservancy and hydropower multi-purpose project, the power station dam crest
Length is 482 m, maximum 132 m of height of dam, 100 ~ 150m of discharge per unit width3In the flood-discharge energy-dissipating building of/sm.Flood-discharge energy-dissipating is built
Object to be built to be made of left bank overflow surface bay and flood discharge sand duct, overflow surface bay hole count is 5 holes, and port size is the m of 13m × 20,
The slope section of 1:0.75 is followed by using WES weir-type using the integrated flood-discharge energy-dissipating mode of " flaring gate pier+ladder+stilling pond ",
Dam facing totally 29 ladders, high 1 m of ladder, wide 0.75 m, the dam facing gradient are 53 °, under reversed segmental arc and stilling pond.
Its structure is as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8: choosing bank 51 and novel transition ladder 52 including being arranged in after flaring gate pier 3.Choose bank
51 shapes are " triangle " shape, and angle, θ is 8 °≤θ≤11.3 °, 3 specific angles of selection in the present embodiment, respectively 8 °,
10 °, 11.3 °, height h=1m, transition steps are made of the big step of 2 high 2m, width 1.5m, the two-stage rank of transition steps 52
It is equipped with steel facing on the outside of the facade of ladder, and is equidistantly equipped with venthole 54, rectangle is equipped with behind the facade of ladder and is ventilated
The semicircle ventilation section transverse tube 55(of transverse tube 53/ is rectangle or semicircle, using rectangle as shown in fig. 7, using it is semicircular such as
Shown in Fig. 8) it is communicated with venthole 54, the semicircle ventilation transverse tube 55 of rectangle ventilation transverse tube 53/ directly pours to be formed behind ladder,
Semicircle ventilation 55 both ends of transverse tube of rectangle ventilation transverse tube 53/ pass through abutment wall snorkel 12 respectively and communicate with atmosphere；In the mould of 1:60
In type test, the diameter of semicircle ventilation transverse tube 55 is 33.3mm, and rectangle ventilation 53 sectional dimension of transverse tube is 25mm × 33.3mm,
12 diameter of abutment wall snorkel is 33.3mm.
Experimental test shows choosing bank+anti-cavitation transition steps combined energy dissipater and can protect WES curve in the present embodiment
Section and chopped-off head step facade joining place, aeration concentrater reach 4% or so, avoid that the destruction of cavitation corrosion cavitation occurs；Energy dissipation rate is about 60%.
The working principle of the invention is:
Overfall dam first opens the lock chamber that entrance of the gate 2(gate pier of gate pier in conjunction with flaring gate pier is greater than outlet, energy in flood discharge
Enough increase the compressed capability to water flow using flaring gate pier, lower sluicing stream cross-direction shrinkage vertically stretched), lower sluicing is flowed from lock chamber stream
Out, cross-direction shrinkage is formed by flaring gate pier 3, the overflow longitudinally to tower is chosen using the bank 51 of choosing of 3 tail portion of flaring gate pier from overflow
Face forms without pool in overfull dam surface, in conjunction with the transition steps 52 for having ventilation device, changes aeration using transition steps 52
Concentration is in addition mixed outside air using abutment wall snorkel 12, is improved aeration concentrater, is generated stable aerated cavity 11, is dropped
Low latitude is lost cavitation and is destroyed, and is protected to allow and be subject to cavitation erosion overfull dam surface region, the overflow bottom then provoked is fallen into
Uniform ladder 6 after cavity, step is to its rotary roll, rubbing action, to form slip flow, makees to after overflow along water cushion
With, so that lower sluicing stream energy be accelerated to dissipate, edge falls into 8 leading portion of ogee section 7 and stilling pond after overflow, while forming hydraulic jump,
Also create reflux, energy dissipating under the collective effect of the two；Further acted on by the hammed water of stilling pond energy dissipating and baffle wall style 9,
Energy dissipating again.
Above in conjunction with attached drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Embodiment within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be before not departing from present inventive concept
Put that various changes can be made.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of anti-cavitation facility of Stepped Spillway, it is characterised in that: including transition steps (52), abutment wall snorkel (12)；
The transition steps (52) are made of two-stage ladder, the wide tail of the chopped-off head ladder connection Stepped Spillway of transition steps (52)
The second level ladder of pier (3) pier tail, transition steps (52) connects uniform ladder (6), and the anti-cavitation design of transition steps (52) is adopted
With three kinds of structures:
The first structure: row's snorkel (57), snorkel are designed with behind the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps (52)
(57) ladder facade is run through in one end, and the other end of snorkel (57) is connected to vent stack (56), two vent stacks (56)
One end be connected to by communicating pipe, the wherein other end closing of a vent stack (56), another in two vent stacks (56)
The other end of root vent stack (56) is communicated by abutment wall snorkel (12) with atmosphere；
Second of structure: being equipped with steel facing on the outside of the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps (52), and is equidistantly equipped with logical
Stomata (54) is equipped with rectangle ventilation transverse tube (53) behind the facade of ladder and communicates with venthole (54), rectangle ventilation transverse tube
(53) it directly pours to be formed behind ladder, rectangle ventilation transverse tube (53) both ends pass through abutment wall snorkel (12) and big gas phase respectively
It is logical；
The third structure: being equipped with steel facing on the outside of the facade of the two-stage ladder of transition steps (52), and is equidistantly equipped with logical
Stomata (54) is equipped with semicircle ventilation transverse tube (55) behind the facade of ladder and communicates with venthole (54), semicircle ventilation cross
Pipe (55) directly pours to be formed behind ladder, and semicircle ventilation transverse tube (55) both ends pass through abutment wall snorkel (12) and big respectively
Gas phase is logical.
2. the anti-cavitation facility of Stepped Spillway according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include choosing bank (51), mistake
The chopped-off head ladder for crossing ladder (52) connects flaring gate pier (3) pier tail by choosing bank (51).
3. the anti-cavitation facility of Stepped Spillway according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the angle for choosing bank (51)
θ is 8 °≤θ≤11.3 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810825615.6A CN109098152B (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2018-07-25 | Anti-cavitation facility of ladder overflow dam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810825615.6A CN109098152B (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2018-07-25 | Anti-cavitation facility of ladder overflow dam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109098152A true CN109098152A (en) | 2018-12-28 |
| CN109098152B CN109098152B (en) | 2020-04-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810825615.6A Active CN109098152B (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2018-07-25 | Anti-cavitation facility of ladder overflow dam |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109098152B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109555088A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of anti-whirlpool device of rectification |
| CN112281767A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 广东粤源工程咨询有限公司 | Dam spillway structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113638376A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Opening flip bucket with maintenance steps |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003064702A (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-05 | Akio Iida | Inundation preventing gate |
| CN101302755A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2008-11-12 | 水利部交通部电力工业部南京水利科学研究院 | Natural aeration system capable of avoiding ship lock valve segment sudden enlarging body type ridge dropping cavitation |
-
2018
- 2018-07-25 CN CN201810825615.6A patent/CN109098152B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003064702A (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-05 | Akio Iida | Inundation preventing gate |
| CN101302755A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2008-11-12 | 水利部交通部电力工业部南京水利科学研究院 | Natural aeration system capable of avoiding ship lock valve segment sudden enlarging body type ridge dropping cavitation |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109555088A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of anti-whirlpool device of rectification |
| CN109555088B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2023-11-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Rectifying vortex-preventing device |
| CN112281767A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 广东粤源工程咨询有限公司 | Dam spillway structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112281767B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-11-19 | 广东粤源工程咨询有限公司 | Dam spillway structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113638376A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Opening flip bucket with maintenance steps |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109098152B (en) | 2020-04-03 |
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