CN103981842B - Trapezoidal contraction outlet X-type flaring gate pier - Google Patents
Trapezoidal contraction outlet X-type flaring gate pier Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 37
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Abstract
本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，由形状和结构相同的两个墩体组成，两墩体对称安装在泄流闸孔内，两墩体之间形成由顶部闸孔、竖直收缩段和底部闸孔组成的过流通道，所述竖直收缩段的断面为等腰梯形，该等腰梯形的顶部宽度b1小于底部宽度b2。所述X型宽尾墩能减小顶上水冠水流在空中跌落入消力池后，在消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板形成的动水压强和脉动值，提高消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板的安全性。
The trapezoidal contraction outlet X-shaped wide tail pier of the present invention is composed of two pier bodies with the same shape and structure. The cross-section of the vertical shrinkage section is an isosceles trapezoid, and the top width b 1 of the isosceles trapezoid is smaller than the bottom width b 2 . The X-shaped wide tail pier can reduce the dynamic water pressure and pulsation value formed on the bottom plate of the stilling pool, especially the bottom plate of the anti-arc section at the entrance of the pool after the water flow of the top water crown falls into the stilling pool in the air, and improve the pressure of the stilling pool. The bottom plate of the force pool, especially the safety of the bottom plate of the anti-arc section where the pool enters.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于水利水电工程泄洪消能设施领域，特别涉及一种X型宽尾墩。The invention belongs to the field of flood discharge and energy dissipation facilities for water conservancy and hydropower projects, in particular to an X-shaped wide tail pier.
背景技术Background technique
X型宽尾墩是水利水电工程中常用到的与消力池联合运行的泄洪消能设施。传统的X型宽尾墩中间竖直收缩段采用上下统一的收缩比，其收缩段顶部宽度与底部宽度相等。这种宽尾墩泄洪时，顶上水冠流量加大，水冠水流经过空中跌落到消力池后，在消力池底板，尤其是入池反弧段底板处形成的动水压强较大，脉动剧烈；随着库区水头的增加，宽尾墩顶上水冠流量相对于溢流坝面上的流量进一步增大，消力池反弧段底板处形成的动水压强和脉动值剧烈增大，因而极易造成消力池反弧段底板冲刷失稳破坏，给工程造成巨大损失。X-shaped wide tail pier is a flood discharge and energy dissipation facility commonly used in water conservancy and hydropower projects to operate in conjunction with stilling basins. The vertical shrinkage section in the middle of the traditional X-shaped wide tail pier adopts a uniform shrinkage ratio from top to bottom, and the width of the top of the shrinkage section is equal to the width of the bottom. When this kind of wide tail pier flood discharges, the flow of the water crown on the top increases, and after the water flow of the water crown falls into the stilling pool through the air, the dynamic water pressure formed on the bottom of the stilling pool, especially at the bottom of the anti-arc section of the pool , the pulsation is severe; with the increase of the water head in the reservoir area, the flow rate of the water crown on the top of the wide tail pier is further increased relative to the flow rate on the overflow dam surface, and the hydrodynamic pressure and pulsation value formed at the bottom plate of the anti-arc section of the stilling pool are severe increase, so it is very easy to cause erosion, instability and damage to the bottom plate of the anti-arc section of the stilling pool, causing huge losses to the project.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对传统X型宽尾墩存在的不足，提供一种梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，以减小顶上水冠水流在空中跌落入消力池后，在消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板形成的动水压强和脉动值，提高消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板的安全性。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the traditional X-shaped wide-tailed pier, and to provide an X-shaped wide-tailed pier with a trapezoidal shrinkage outlet, so as to reduce the water flow on the top of the water crown and fall into the stilling pool in the air. , especially the hydrodynamic pressure and pulsation value formed by the anti-arc bottom plate at the pool entry, to improve the safety of the bottom plate of the stilling pool, especially the anti-arc bottom plate at the pool entry.
本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，由形状和结构相同的两个墩体组成，两墩体对称安装在泄流闸孔内，两墩体之间形成由顶部闸孔、竖直收缩段和底部闸孔组成的过流通道，所述竖直收缩段的断面为等腰梯形，该等腰梯形的顶部宽度b1小于底部宽度b2。The trapezoidal contraction outlet X-shaped wide tail pier of the present invention is composed of two pier bodies with the same shape and structure. The cross-section of the vertical shrinkage section is an isosceles trapezoid, and the top width b 1 of the isosceles trapezoid is smaller than the bottom width b 2 .
本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，所述顶部闸孔的断面为等腰梯形，该等腰梯形的底部宽度等于竖直收缩段断面的顶部宽度b1、顶部宽度等于泄流闸孔宽度B(大于底部宽度)；所述底部闸孔的断面为等腰梯形与矩形的组合，等腰梯形位于矩形之上，所述等腰梯形的顶部宽度等于竖直收缩段断面的底部宽度b2、底部宽度等于泄流闸孔宽度B(大于顶部宽度)，所述矩形的长度等于泄流闸孔宽度B、宽度等于底部闸孔的底部开口距溢流坝面的高度h2。According to the X-shaped wide tail pier with trapezoidal shrinkage outlet in the present invention, the section of the top gate hole is an isosceles trapezoid, the bottom width of the isosceles trapezoid is equal to the top width b 1 of the section of the vertical contraction section, and the top width is equal to the discharge gate Hole width B (greater than the bottom width); the section of the bottom gate hole is a combination of an isosceles trapezoid and a rectangle, the isosceles trapezoid is located on the rectangle, and the top width of the isosceles trapezoid is equal to the bottom width of the vertical shrinkage section section b 2 , the width of the bottom is equal to the width B of the discharge sluice hole (greater than the width of the top), the length of the rectangle is equal to the width B of the discharge sluice hole, and the width is equal to the height h 2 from the bottom opening of the bottom sluice hole to the overflow dam surface.
本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，其竖直收缩段等腰梯形断面的顶部宽度b1与底部宽度b2之比优选b1/b2＝0.67～0.8，底部闸孔的收缩比ε2优选ε2＝b2/B＝0.35～0.55，ε1＝b1/B，式中，B为泄流闸孔宽度。根据ε2＝b2/B＝0.35～0.55可以确定竖直收缩段断面的底部宽度b2，再根据b1/b2＝0.67～0.8，可确定竖直收缩段断面的顶部宽度b1。For the X-shaped wide tail pier with trapezoidal shrinkage outlet of the present invention, the ratio of the top width b 1 to the bottom width b 2 of the isosceles trapezoidal section of the vertical shrinkage section is preferably b 1 /b 2 =0.67-0.8, and the shrinkage of the gate hole at the bottom The ratio ε 2 is preferably ε 2 =b 2 /B=0.35-0.55, ε 1 =b 1 /B, where B is the width of the discharge gate. According to ε 2 =b 2 /B=0.35～0.55, the bottom width b 2 of the vertical constriction section can be determined, and then according to b 1 /b 2 =0.67～0.8, the top width b 1 of the vertical constriction section can be determined.
本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，其过流通道断面的总高度(d1+d2+h1+h2)＝(1.0～1.2)Hmax，式中，Hmax为堰上最大水头，d1为顶部闸孔高度(墩体顶面高度)，d2为中间竖直收缩段的高度，h1为墩体底流面的高度，h2为底部闸孔的底部开口距溢流坝面的高度；底流面距溢流坝面的最大高度(h1+h2)＝3.0m～3.5m，h2＝1.5m～1.8m；X型宽尾墩尾端折角控制在16°～24°，式中，L为X型宽尾墩收缩起点距X型宽尾墩墩尾的水平距离，b2为竖直收缩段等腰梯形断面的底部宽度，B为泄流闸孔宽度。The trapezoidal contraction outlet X-shaped wide tail pier of the present invention has the total height of the flow passage section (d 1 +d 2 +h 1 +h 2 )=(1.0～1.2)H max , where H max is the weir d 1 is the height of the top sluice hole (the height of the top surface of the pier), d 2 is the height of the vertical contraction section in the middle, h 1 is the height of the bottom flow surface of the pier, and h 2 is the bottom opening distance of the bottom sluice hole The height of the overflow dam surface; the maximum height between the underflow surface and the overflow dam surface (h 1 +h 2 ) = 3.0m ~ 3.5m, h 2 = 1.5m ~ 1.8m; X-shaped wide tail pier end knuckle It is controlled at 16°～24°. In the formula, L is the horizontal distance from the shrinkage starting point of the X-shaped wide-tailed pier to the end of the X-shaped wide - tailed pier, b2 is the bottom width of the isosceles trapezoidal section of the vertical shrinkage section, and B is the leakage Throttle hole width.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、由于本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩竖直收缩段断面的顶部宽度小于底部宽度，呈上小、下大的等腰梯形，因而在保证其泄流能力、溢流堰面及宽尾墩壁面压力不受影响的基础上，使闸后出流纵向扩散增加，水舌落点分散，入水面积大大增大，减小了顶上水冠水流在空中跌落入消力池后，在消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板形成的动水压强和脉动值，模型试验表明，在相同闸门运行方式下，消力池入池处反弧段底板的动水压强和脉动均方根值较传统的X型宽尾墩能够分别减小15％～30％，显著改善了消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板的压力、脉动压力及水流流态等水力特性，提高了工程泄洪消能的安全性和消力池的使用寿命。1. Since the top width of the cross-section of the X-shaped wide-tail pier vertical shrinkage section of the trapezoidal shrinkage outlet of the present invention is smaller than the bottom width, it is an isosceles trapezoid with a small top and a big bottom, thus ensuring its discharge capacity and overflow weir surface On the basis that the pressure on the wall surface of the wide tail pier is not affected, the longitudinal diffusion of the outflow behind the gate is increased, the drop point of the water tongue is scattered, and the water entry area is greatly increased, which reduces the water flow of the top water crown after falling into the stilling pool in the air. , the hydrodynamic pressure and pulsation value formed on the bottom plate of the stilling pool, especially the bottom plate of the anti-arc section at the entrance of the pool. Compared with the traditional X-shaped wide tail pier, the root mean square value and pulsation can be reduced by 15% to 30%, which significantly improves the pressure, pulsation pressure and water flow state of the bottom plate of the stilling pool, especially the bottom plate of the anti-arc section at the entrance of the pool And other hydraulic characteristics, which improve the safety of flood discharge and energy dissipation of the project and the service life of the stilling pool.
2、本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩在泄洪消能时，跌落至消力池中的水流临底流速横向扩散角较大，水流横向扩散较充分，相邻下泄水流之间的碰撞、剪切和水流内部混掺消能增加，提高了消能率。2. When the trapezoidal contraction outlet X-shaped wide tail pier of the present invention is used for flood discharge and energy dissipation, the lateral diffusion angle of the water flow falling into the stilling basin at the bottom is relatively large, and the lateral diffusion of the water flow is relatively sufficient. Collision, shearing, and internal mixing of water flow increase the energy dissipation, which improves the energy dissipation rate.
3、本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩竖直收缩段上窄下宽的新体型，通过X型宽尾墩上顶面和底流面竖向渐变收缩，可将出闸水流以更优的分流比进行下泄，使得出闸水流分配更合理，将更好的发挥X型宽尾墩各部分的作用，综合改善水流在溢流堰面和消力池内的水力特性，为X型宽尾墩体型优化提供了一种新的技术方案。3. According to the present invention, the trapezoidal contraction outlet X-type wide tail pier vertical contraction section has a new shape with a narrow top and a bottom width. Through the vertical gradual contraction of the top surface and bottom flow surface of the X-shaped wide tail pier, the water flow out of the gate can be more The optimal diversion ratio is used for discharge, which makes the distribution of the water flow out of the sluice more reasonable, and will better play the role of each part of the X-shaped wide tail pier, and comprehensively improve the hydraulic characteristics of the water flow on the overflow weir surface and in the stilling tank. The shape optimization of the tail pier provides a new technical solution.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an X-shaped wide tail pier with a trapezoidal shrinkage outlet according to the present invention.
图2为图1的俯视图。FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
图3为图1的A-A向视图。Fig. 3 is a view along the line A-A of Fig. 1 .
图4为本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩与消力池联合泄洪消能结构布置图。Fig. 4 is a layout diagram of the combined flood discharge and energy dissipation structure of the trapezoidal shrinkage outlet X-shaped wide tail pier and the stilling basin according to the present invention.
图5为本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩在泄流闸孔中的位置图。Fig. 5 is a position diagram of the trapezoidal contraction outlet X-shaped wide tail pier in the discharge sluice hole of the present invention.
图中，1—第一墩体、2—第二墩体、3—顶部闸孔、4—竖直收缩段、5—底部闸孔、6—墩体上顶面、7—墩体底流面、8—底部开口、9—溢流坝面、10—堰顶、11—弧形闸门、12—消力池、d1—顶部闸孔高度(等腰梯形断面的高)、d2—竖直收缩段高度(等腰梯形断面的高)、h1—墩体底流面高度、h2—底部闸孔的底部开口距溢流坝面的高度、L—X型宽尾墩收缩起点距X型宽尾墩墩尾的水平距离、b1—竖直收缩段等腰梯形断面的顶部宽度、b2—竖直收缩段等腰梯形断面的底部宽度，B—泄流闸孔宽度。In the figure, 1—the first pier body, 2—the second pier body, 3—the top gate hole, 4—the vertical contraction section, 5—the bottom gate hole, 6—the top surface of the pier body, 7—the bottom flow surface of the pier body , 8—bottom opening, 9—overflow dam surface, 10—weir crest, 11—arc gate, 12—stilling basin, d 1 —height of top gate hole (height of isosceles trapezoidal section), d 2 —vertical The height of the straight contraction section (the height of the isosceles trapezoidal section), h 1 —the height of the underflow surface of the pier body, h 2 —the height from the bottom opening of the bottom sluice hole to the overflow dam surface, the distance from the shrinkage starting point of the L-X wide tail pier X The horizontal distance between the end of the pier and the wide end pier, b 1 —the top width of the isosceles trapezoidal section of the vertical shrinkage section, b 2 —the bottom width of the isosceles trapezoidal section of the vertical shrinkage section, B—the width of the discharge gate.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过实施例对本发明所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾作进一步说明。以下实施例是梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩的模拟实验。The X-shaped wide tail of the trapezoidal constriction outlet of the present invention will be further described through examples below. The following example is a simulation experiment of an X-shaped wide tail pier with a trapezoidal constriction outlet.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例中，梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩的运行条件：堰上最大水头Hmax＝28.4m，下泄流量为2017.00m3/s，下游消力池尾水位555.60m。In this embodiment, the operating conditions of the X-shaped wide tail pier at the trapezoidal shrinkage outlet: the maximum water head on the weir H max = 28.4m, the discharge flow rate is 2017.00m 3 /s, and the tail water level of the downstream stilling tank is 555.60m.
本实施例所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩如图1～3所示，由形状和结构相同的第一墩体1和第二墩体2组成，两墩体对称安装在泄流闸孔内，宽尾墩收缩起点距墩尾的水平距离L＝13.0m(见图5)，宽尾墩起始折点位置参数：x＝22.0m，y＝8.0m(见图4)。两墩体之间形成由顶部闸孔3、竖直收缩段4和底部闸孔5组成的过流通道。The trapezoidal shrinkage outlet X-shaped wide tail pier described in this embodiment is shown in Figures 1 to 3, and is composed of a first pier body 1 and a second pier body 2 with the same shape and structure, and the two pier bodies are symmetrically installed in the discharge gate hole Inside, the horizontal distance from the shrinkage starting point of the wide-tail pier to the pier tail is L=13.0m (see Figure 5), and the position parameters of the starting inflection point of the wide-tail pier: x=22.0m, y=8.0m (see Figure 4). A flow channel consisting of a top gate hole 3 , a vertical contraction section 4 and a bottom gate hole 5 is formed between the two piers.
所述竖直收缩段的断面为等腰梯形，该等腰梯形的顶部宽度b1＝4.0m，底部宽度b2＝6.0m，b1/b2＝0.67，高d2＝15.57m；所述顶部闸孔的断面为等腰梯形，该等腰梯形的底部宽度＝竖直收缩段断面的顶部宽度b1＝4.0m、顶部宽度＝泄流闸孔宽度B＝15.0m，高d1＝10.07m，顶部闸孔收缩比ε1＝b1/B＝4.0/15.0＝0.27；所述底部闸孔的断面为等腰梯形与矩形的组合，等腰梯形位于矩形之上，所述等腰梯形的顶部宽度＝竖直收缩段断面的底部宽度b2＝6.0m、底部宽度＝泄流闸孔宽度B＝15.0m，高＝墩体底流面的高度h1＝1.5m，所述矩形的长度＝泄流闸孔宽度B＝15.0m、宽度(高度)＝底部闸孔的底部开口距溢流坝面的高度h2＝1.5m。X型宽尾墩过流通道断面总高度d1+d2+h1+h2＝28.64m，尾端折角θ＝19.09°。The section of the vertical contraction section is an isosceles trapezoid, the top width of the isosceles trapezoid is b 1 =4.0m, the bottom width b 2 =6.0m, b 1 /b 2 =0.67, and the height d 2 =15.57m; The section of the top sluice hole is an isosceles trapezoid, the bottom width of the isosceles trapezoid = the top width b 1 of the section of the vertical contraction section = 4.0m, the top width = the width of the discharge sluice hole B = 15.0m, and the height d 1 = 10.07m, the shrinkage ratio of the top gate hole ε 1 =b 1 /B=4.0/15.0=0.27; the section of the bottom gate hole is a combination of an isosceles trapezoid and a rectangle, the isosceles trapezoid is located on the rectangle, and the isosceles trapezoid The top width of the trapezoid = the bottom width b 2 of the section of the vertical contraction section = 6.0m, the bottom width = the width of the discharge gate hole B = 15.0m, the height = the height h 1 of the underflow surface of the pier body = 1.5m, the rectangular Length = width of the discharge sluice hole B = 15.0m, width (height) = height h 2 = 1.5m from the bottom opening of the bottom sluice hole to the overflow dam surface. The total height of the cross-section of the X-shaped wide tail pier flow channel is d 1 +d 2 +h 1 +h 2 =28.64m, and the knuckle angle at the tail end is θ=19.09°.
设置了本实施例所述结构和尺寸的梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩，其泄流闸孔和消力池内的水流特性都有所改善：溢流堰面和宽尾墩壁面压力变化不大，但其泄流闸孔水流沿上顶面横向扩展程度增大，水流下泄过程中掺气更充分，纵向扩散水舌落点明显向下游移动，有力地减弱了下泄水流对坝面反弧段造成的影响，模型试验表明，其反弧段底板的动水压强和脉动均方根值较传统的X型宽尾墩减小了20％～30％，显著改善了消力池底板，尤其是入池处反弧段底板的压力、脉动压力及水流流态等水力特性。同时，跌落至消力池中的水流临底流速横向扩散角较大，水流横向扩散较充分，可增加相邻下泄水流之间的碰撞、剪切消能，提高消能率。此外，上窄下宽的竖直收缩段可将出闸水流以更优的分流比进行下泄，综合改善了水流在溢流堰面和消力池内的水力特性。The trapezoidal shrinkage outlet X-shaped wide tail pier with the structure and size described in this embodiment is set, and the water flow characteristics in the discharge gate hole and the stilling basin are improved: the pressure on the overflow weir surface and the wall surface of the wide tail pier does not change much , but the water flow in the discharge sluice hole expands laterally along the upper top surface, the aeration is more sufficient during the discharge of the water flow, and the drop point of the vertically diffused water tongue obviously moves downstream, which effectively weakens the impact of the discharge water flow on the anti-arc section of the dam surface. The model test shows that the hydrodynamic pressure and pulsation root mean square value of the anti-arc bottom plate are reduced by 20% to 30% compared with the traditional X-shaped wide tail pier, which significantly improves the bottom plate of the stilling basin, especially Hydraulic characteristics such as pressure, pulsating pressure, and water flow state of the bottom plate of the anti-arc section at the pool entry. At the same time, the lateral diffusion angle of the flow velocity at the bottom of the water falling into the stilling pool is larger, and the lateral diffusion of the water flow is relatively sufficient, which can increase the collision and shear energy dissipation between adjacent discharge flows, and improve the energy dissipation rate. In addition, the narrow vertical contraction section at the top and wide at the bottom can discharge the water flow out of the gate with a better split ratio, comprehensively improving the hydraulic characteristics of the water flow on the overflow weir surface and the stilling tank.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例中，梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩的运行条件与实施例1相同。In this embodiment, the operating conditions of the X-shaped wide tail pier with trapezoidal contraction outlet are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
本实施例所述梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩的结构如图1～3所示，与实施例1的不同之处在于竖直收缩段等腰梯形断面的顶部宽度b1＝4.8m、底部宽度b2＝6.0m，b1/b2＝0.8。The structure of the X-shaped wide tail pier at the trapezoidal contraction outlet described in this embodiment is shown in Figures 1 to 3. The difference from Example 1 is that the top width of the isosceles trapezoidal section of the vertical contraction section is b 1 =4.8m, and the bottom Width b 2 =6.0m, b 1 /b 2 =0.8.
与实施例1相比，本实施例中的梯形收缩出口X型宽尾墩竖直收缩段顶部收缩程度略小，因而纵向扩散程度与实施例1相比略弱，但也减弱了下泄水流对坝面反弧段的破坏，其反弧段底板的动水压强和脉动均方根值较传统的X型宽尾墩减小了15％～20％。Compared with Example 1, the contraction degree of the top of the vertical contraction section of the X-shaped wide tail pier at the trapezoidal contraction outlet in this example is slightly smaller, so the degree of longitudinal diffusion is slightly weaker than that of Example 1, but it also weakens the impact of the discharge water flow on the top of the vertical contraction section. When the anti-arc section of the dam surface is damaged, the hydrodynamic pressure and the root mean square value of the fluctuation of the anti-arc section bottom plate are reduced by 15% to 20% compared with the traditional X-shaped wide tail pier.
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