CN101878126A - 混合电推进系统 - Google Patents

混合电推进系统 Download PDF

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CN101878126A
CN101878126A CN2008801038278A CN200880103827A CN101878126A CN 101878126 A CN101878126 A CN 101878126A CN 2008801038278 A CN2008801038278 A CN 2008801038278A CN 200880103827 A CN200880103827 A CN 200880103827A CN 101878126 A CN101878126 A CN 101878126A
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vehicle
flywheel
hybrid electric
propulsion system
electric propulsion
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雷蒙德·德沙艾斯
马塞尔·沙特朗
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T74/2119—Structural detail, e.g., material, configuration, superconductor, discs, laminated, etc.

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Abstract

一种用于车辆的混合电推进系统。该系统包括：内燃机(12)；飞轮(14)，操作地连接到内燃机并用于存储机械惯性能，飞轮(14)具有平行于车辆轮子的旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线，并具有主盘，该主盘沿相对于车辆前进时车辆的轮子旋转(RT)的相反方向(RFES)旋转，从而抑制车辆转向时车辆的侧翻效应；发电机(18)，操作地连接到飞轮(14)；电马达(22)，操作地连接到发电机(18)；控制器，用于控制内燃机(12)，飞轮(14)，发电机(18)和电马达(22)的操作。

Description

混合电推进系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的混合电推进系统。
背景技术
飞轮能量存储系统通过将转子加速到非常高的速度并将能量作为惯性能保持在系统中而运作。开发者由于未解决的技术困难而没有考虑将飞轮应用到车辆中。具体而言，在车辆中与其回转(gyroscopic)和侧翻(rollover)效应相关的飞轮问题还没有得到适当的解决。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种混合电推进系统，用于驱动车辆的至少一个牵引轮，该系统包括：内燃机；
飞轮，操作地连接到内燃机并用于存储机械惯性能，飞轮具有平行于车辆轮子的旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线，并具有主盘，该主盘沿相对于车辆前进时车辆的轮子旋转(RT)的相反方向(RFES)旋转，从而抑制车辆转向时车辆的侧翻效应；
发电机，操作地连接到飞轮；
电马达，操作地连接到发电机；
控制器，用于控制内燃机，飞轮，发电机和电马达的操作。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种混合电推进系统，用于驱动车辆的至少一个牵引轮，该系统包括：
内燃机；
至少一个飞轮，操作地连接到内燃机并用于存储机械惯性能；
发电机，操作地连接到飞轮；
第一交流发电机，具有第一场线圈用于控制发电机的磁场；
电马达，操作地连接到发电机；
第二交流发电机，具有第二场线圈用于控制电马达的磁场；和
控制器，级联(in cascade)控制在第一交流发电机的第一场线圈中的第一电流和第二交流发电机的第二场线圈中的第二电流。
本发明及其大量的优点通过随后参考附图对优选实施例的非限定描述将会变得更加明显。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的优选实施例的混合电推进系统的示意性框图；
图2是根据本发明的优选实施例的包括混合电推进系统的飞轮的车辆的示意性侧截面视图；
图3是根据本发明的优选实施例的混合电推进系统的更详细示意性框图。
具体实施方式
参考图1，其中示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的用于车辆的混合电推进系统10的示意性框图。该系统包括内燃机12，其操作地连接到用于存储机械惯性能的飞轮14，优选地经由磁或机械离合器16连接。发电机18也连接到飞轮14，优选地经由磁或机械离合器20。离合器20还可以是电离合器或机械离合器，或发电机18可以直接连接到飞轮14。可选地，飞轮14还可以集成到发电机18内部。发电机18根据要求接收来自内燃机12或飞轮14的动力。发电机18通过给机械地连接到车轮24的至少一个电马达22供电以将动力传送给车轮并推动车辆。
发电机18可以连接到由外部电源供电的馈电点并由此用作电马达。几个外部电源26，譬如馈电点，可以沿着车辆的路线以彼此间隔一定距离定位。每一个外部电源26可以通过用作电马达的发电机18来给飞轮14中的机械惯性能进行电补充。在电源26和发电机之间的连接可以通过自动连接到电源26的机械臂实现。替代的，外部电源26可以是连续电链接，譬如电轨或航空电缆(aerial electric cable)，这不限制车辆的线路的组织。
参考图2，其中示出了设置有如图1所示的混合电推进系统10的车辆30的示意性视图。飞轮14具有平行于车辆30的轮子的旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线。在使用中，当车辆30沿前进方向T行进时，飞轮14沿相对于车辆30的轮子24的旋转前进方向RT的相反方向RFES旋转。该飞轮14的旋转方向RFES是有利的，因为它在车辆左或右转时抑制侧翻效应。实际上，如果飞轮沿着与轮子的旋转前进方向RT相同的方向旋转的话，特别是在车辆左右转向时，这将导致车辆沿着相反方向摇摆或侧翻。另一方面，如果飞轮14具有垂直的旋转轴线，这将会倾向于在上坡或下坡时产生将车辆30向上拉或将其向下推的力矩。在很多情况下，该飞轮14的使用改进了车辆30的稳定性。
飞轮14可以包括两个相反旋转的盘(未示出)，每一个都被相反旋转的小齿轮所驱动，小齿轮则连接到冕形齿轮(crown gear)。通过在飞轮14中使用两个相反旋转的盘而不是一个盘，通常在车辆中不期望的回转效应被抑制。然而，如果如上所述在飞轮14中仅提供单个旋转盘，则回转效应被有利地用于在车辆左或右转向期间抑制车辆的侧翻效应。
为了控制上述回转效应，除了主盘之外，飞轮14可以进一步包括副盘，该副盘具有平行于车辆的轮子的旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线但是相对于主盘沿相反方向旋转。为了保持抑制侧翻的优点，副盘适于存储比该主盘少的能量。则可以通过适当选择主盘和副盘的相对质量和速度的比(rations)(ratios)来实现。
参考图3，其中示出了更加具体地根据本发明的优选实施例的混合电推进系统10的框图。在该实例中，内燃机优选地为180HP，其大约为135千瓦，柴油发动机额定为2500RPM。当然，对于较大的车辆，优选使用较高的发动机功率，而对于较小的车辆，优选使用较小的发动机功率。
离合器16由继电器控制，该继电器由控制系统40或电子调制控制器所控制，该控制系统40优选地包括至少一个限定了预定控制命令次序的可旋转柱。
飞轮14还连接到传感器控制器45，该控制器保持飞轮在低和高旋转速度极限之间旋转，例如1600RPM到2400RPM。飞轮14优选地设置有安全系统，其在失效或意外的情况下，防止飞轮14离开其位置。安全系统优选地包括位于飞轮14内的至少两个制动带，其类似于在一些已知车辆中的制动鼓，以及一系列适于支撑制动带的制动靴。制动靴被提供以支撑制动衬带。制动衬带可以是修改的客车或卡车制动衬带。
为了进一步改善飞轮14的效率，该飞轮14可以被容纳在真空中以消除空气阻力。飞轮14可以由磁性无摩擦轴承所支撑。周边的壳体可以进一步提供安全保障以防止高速旋转的飞轮的射出件(projecting pieces)并防止这些件飞离以避免损伤。
其他安全系统可以被使用以用于如上所述的相同目的。
在该实例中，发电机18优选地具有150HP的最大功率，其大约为112千瓦，并连接到具有150HP的最大功率(其大约为112千瓦)的电马达22。发电机和电机两者都可以过载较短的时间周期。当然，可以根据具体需要使用其他功率等级。
优选地，控制器40是级联(cascade)控制器，其发送可变电信号到交流发电机(alternator)42、44的场线圈以放大这些信号，用于控制发电机18的磁场和用于控制电马达22的磁场。交流发电机42和44通过发电机轴而被机械地提供能量而场线圈被馈电0-12V的电压。在场线圈中导致的电流，譬如为0到4安培，由多阶分级控制器(multi-stage step controller)和/或电子调制控制器(electronic modulating controller)所控制。交流发电机42，44相应地产生0-150V的输出，该输出还取决于交流发电机的RPM，该交流发电机的RPM受发电机18的RPM所调节。由此，这些交流发电机42，44被分别用于控制发电机18和电马达22的磁场。该具体的构造是有利的，因为其提供了多阶分级控制器和/或电子调制控制器以通过放大信号的交流发电机42，44级联控制发电机18和电马达22的磁场线圈。
优选地，分级控制器40包括至少一个可旋转柱46，其包括雕刻在柱上的轨迹中的预定控制命令。分级控制器40的电路可以通过车辆的12V电系统48通过受紧急停止按钮55保护的继电器52和总开关50来供电。该至少一个柱的旋转被加速和制动踏板机械地控制。替代的，加速和制动踏板发送电信号到电子调制控制器以实现相同的目的。
连接到主开关50和柴油发动机12的起动机的启动按钮54被用于启动柴油发动机12。柴油发动机12还由控制器40经由继电器56控制。紧急停止按钮55关闭柴油发动机12并断开到继电器52的电源，然后完全断开在多阶分级控制器或电子调制控制器上的信号。同时，继电器52断开延时继电器57，其在一定延迟之后关闭磁接触器58。
在使用中，柴油发动机12提供动力到存储机械惯性能的飞轮14使其升到其最大速度。柴油发动机12然后自动关闭并且车辆30将以电模式运行。在电模式期间，在车辆的驾驶者踩下加速踏板时，飞轮14将根据要求将存储的机械惯性能返回到发电机18。一旦在飞轮14中的机械惯性能降低到一较低阈值，系统返回到柴油机模式并且柴油发动机12经由飞轮14的轴为发电机18提供动力的同时为飞轮14再充能。以这样的方式，当柴油发动机12被开启时，它总是活跃并有效地工作，并从不处于空闲运行状态。柴油发动机12被以这样的方式控制：使其在其最佳操作区域工作以降低其能量损耗并实现其最大能效。由此，柴油发动机12产生最小量的温室气体和空气污染物。当然，当车辆完全依赖电能运行时，存在最大能效，并且没有温室气体产生，也没有大气污染物并且具有最低能耗。例如，当飞轮14抵达其最大速度(譬如2400RPM)时，然后柴油发动机12关闭。当飞轮14的速度降低到约1600RPM的最小旋转速度极限时，柴油发动机12将通过控制传感器42再次开启。
当车辆的驾驶者踩下制动踏板时，该制动踏板也被称为减速踏板，柴油发动机12则自动关闭并且移动的车辆30的惯性能被电马达22转化为电能，该电马达22现在用作发电机。由此，电马达22为现在用作电马达的发电机18提供电能。随着发电机18驱动并重新激励飞轮14，发电机18将电能转换回到惯性能。
相似的，当车辆30走下坡时，势能通过经由电马达22和发电机18再生而被回收，并存储到飞轮14中作为机械惯性能。
车辆30可以设置有附加能量存储系统，譬如压缩气体、空气或蒸汽系统，弹簧系统，液压系统，热回收系统、压力系统、电容系统、电系统或电池系统。例如，如果在飞轮中存储的能量在其以2400RPM旋转时已经抵达其最大值，然后在减速期间被回收的多余的能量可以存储在附加能量存储系统中。
有利的，奎西透平(quasiturbine)可以作为一种选择提供给柴油发动机12。
在实验性应用中，使用根据本发明的混合电推进系统的车辆在通常的城市操作中每公里消耗1千瓦时。如果该车辆每天约运行200公里，则总能量需求为200千瓦时。如果使用180HP的柴油发动机，其大约为135千瓦，则在20个小时的车辆操作中该发动机需要在其最佳操作范围运行大约两个小时。
飞轮14一般可以在小于20S之内通过柴油发动机12或通过连接到彼此间隔300m定位的外部电源26的馈电点而在馈电点之间被重新激励。连接到外部电源26的馈电点通常连接到本地电网。
优选地，系统包括热回收系统以回收所有在车辆(譬如排气系统、空调系统、散热器、马达、发电机、交流发电机等等)中产生的热能。在实际车辆中，如果不是用于加热乘客舱的话，通常所有的热量都被流失。
车辆还在其顶上和/或环绕车辆的侧面包括太阳能电池，其可以供电到混合电系统。
本发明的混合电推进系统具有很多优点。它能够相对廉价地建立、售卖、操作或保持。它比传统车辆产生较少的噪声，并由此对于使用者而言更加舒适。它还实现较高的加速度并且其内燃机经受较少磨损并由此寿命更长。减速更加可靠因为他们由三种类型的制动组成：如上所述的再生制动、使用电阻消耗惯性能为热量的动态制动，和标准空气制动。使用电阻的动态制动可以连接到热回收系统以用于回收由电阻发散的热能。
尽管本发明的优选实施例已经在此处详细地描述并在附图中示出，应该理解本发明并不局限于这些特定的实施例，并且可以进行进行各种修改和改进而不会背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种混合电推进系统，用于驱动车辆的至少一个牵引轮，该系统包括：
内燃机(12)；
飞轮(14)，操作地连接到内燃机并用于存储机械惯性能，飞轮(14)具有平行于车辆轮子的旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线，该飞轮具有主盘，该主盘沿相对于车辆前进时车辆的轮子旋转(RT)的相反方向(RFES)旋转，从而抑制车辆转向时车辆的侧翻效应；
发电机(18)，操作地连接到飞轮(14)；
电马达(22)，操作地连接到发电机(18)；
控制器，用于控制内燃机(12)，飞轮(14)，发电机(18)和电马达(22)的操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，其中发电机(18)可连接到由外部电源(26)供电的馈电点。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，还包括：
第一交流发电机(42)，具有第一场线圈用于控制发电机(18)的磁场；
第二交流发电机(44)，具有第二场线圈用于控制电马达(22)的磁场；且
其中控制器(40)级联控制在第一交流发电机(42)的第一场线圈中的第一电流和第二交流发电机(44)的第二场线圈中的第二电流。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合电推进系统，其中控制器(40)包括多阶分级控制器，其具有至少一个可旋转柱(46)，该可旋转柱限定了预定的控制命令序列。
5.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，其中所述控制器包括电子调制控制器。
6.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，其中所述飞轮还包括副盘，具有平行于车辆轮子旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线，并且沿着与主盘相反的方向旋转，从而抑制车辆中的回转效应，且其中副盘适于存储比第一盘少的能量以便于控制侧翻效应。
7.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，还包括：安全系统，包括在飞轮(14)内部的至少两个制动带和适于支撑制动带的一系列制动靴。
8.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，还包括附加能量存储系统，其选自下组：压缩气体，空气或蒸汽系统、弹簧系统、液压系统、热回收系统、压力系统、电容器系统、电系统和电池系统。
9.如权利要求1所述的混合电推进系统，还包括热回收系统以回收车辆中通过排放系统、空调系统、散热器、马达、发电机和交流发电机产生的热能。
10.一种混合电推进系统，用于驱动车辆的至少一个牵引轮，该系统包括：
内燃机(12)；
至少一个飞轮(14)，可操作地连接到内燃机(12)并用于存储机械惯性能；
发电机(18)，操作地连接到飞轮(14)；
第一交流发电机(42)，具有第一场线圈用于控制发电机(18)的磁场；
电马达(22)，操作地连接到发电机(18)；
第二交流发电机(44)，具有第二场线圈用于控制电马达(22)的磁场；以及
控制器(40)，级联控制在第一交流发电机(42)的第一场线圈中的第一电流和第二交流发电机(44)的第二场线圈中的第二电流。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合电推进系统，其中控制器包括多阶分级控制器。
12.如权利要求11所述的混合电推进系统，其中该分阶多级控制器包括至少一个可旋转柱，其限定预定的控制命令序列。
13.如权利要求10所述的混合电推进系统，其中控制器包括电子调制控制器。
14.如权利要求10所述的混合电推进系统，其中飞轮(14)具有平行于车辆轮子的旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线，该飞轮具有主盘，该主盘沿相对于车辆前进时车辆的轮子旋转(RT)的相反方向(RFES)旋转，从而抑制车辆转向时车辆的侧翻效应。
15.如权利要求14所述的混合电推进系统，还包括副盘，具有平行于车辆轮子旋转轴线的水平旋转轴线，并且沿着相对于主盘相反的方向旋转，从而抑制车辆中的回转效应，且其中副盘适于存储比第一盘少的能量以便于控制侧翻效应。
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