CN101869120B - Cochinchina momordica seed plant acaricide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cochinchina momordica seed plant acaricide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101869120B CN101869120B CN2010102127475A CN201010212747A CN101869120B CN 101869120 B CN101869120 B CN 101869120B CN 2010102127475 A CN2010102127475 A CN 2010102127475A CN 201010212747 A CN201010212747 A CN 201010212747A CN 101869120 B CN101869120 B CN 101869120B
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- momordica seed
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Abstract
The invention provides an environmental-friendly acceptable pesticide, which is safe for people and livestock and has profound significance for long-term development of the ecological environment, human health and comprehensive treatment of plant diseases. Compared with the conventional pesticide, a cochinchina momordica seed plant acaricide of the invention has the advantages that: (1) the whole plant of cochinchina momordica seed is a plant in nature, thus an extract of the cochinchina momordica seed is easy to decompose under natural conditions, is safe for the environment and the surrounding ecological system and avoids environmental pollution; (2) the cochinchina momordica seed plant acaricide is a multicomponent mixture, has a plurality of action sites to mites and is difficult to generate medicament resistance; (3) experiments prove that the cochinchina momordica seed plant acaricide has obvious effect of killing the mites and has the characteristic of an efficient chemical pesticide; and (4) effective positions in the whole plant of cochinchina momordica seed is simple and easy to extract so as to facilitate industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of semen momordicae plant acaricide and preparation method thereof and new purposes.
Background technology
The mankind in long agricultural history process, striving to find always various ways effectively anti-ly curing the disease, the pests such as worm, grass, mouse.But the most successfully controlling pest is after the development of 20 middle of century chemical pesticides.As the product of science, agricultural chemicals has brought very large interests to people in control pest, minimizing input, additional income, promotion agricultural development, but also exists corresponding ecological risks simultaneously.Certainly, owing to there being the problems such as operation technique, people only pay attention to its favourable one side in the process of using agricultural chemicals in addition, do not pay attention to " 3E " (being effect Effectiveness, efficiency Efficency and environment Environment) problem of chemical control in activity in production, a large amount of abuse organic insecticides, inevitably caused again the appearance of " 3R " (be residual Residue, rampant Resurgence and pesticide resistance Resistance) again problem, therefore, ecological problem has obtained people and has paid close attention to widely.People recognize the novel pesticide of current exploitation must have safe, residual low, nuisanceless, biologically active is high, use the characteristic that rate is low, selectivity is high, has also recognized that agricultural chemicals should the multi-faceted development to quick-acting, holding effect, aftereffect by short, flat, fast single effect simultaneously.Along with science and social development, people no longer focus on " killing " (killing), but focus on " adjusting " (regulation), wish that the agricultural chemicals of developing has the selectivity of height, can effectively control the target pest population, safer to non-target organism, easy to use, safer in production, processing, transporting procedures, easily degraded and can obviously not affect the biorational agricultural chemicals (Biorationalinsecticides) of environmental quality under field conditions (factors).Through the scientists years of researches, confirm to show, the most plants body contains the insect poisoning, inhibiting secondary metabolites grows, this is a kind of defence mechanism of avoiding various insect harm that plant obtains in long-term evolution, these secondary metabolites often have necessarily professional, determined that it is low to environment and person poultry toxicity, has safety preferably.Its another characteristics are exactly that form with Multiple components exists and concurs, and therefore, insect is difficult for developing immunity to drugs to it.In addition, as pesticide plant, take from nature and be applied to nature, its toxic component can be degraded quickly in nature, does not have residue problem.Therefore, in today of day by day focusing on environmental protection and quality of life, the exploitation vegetable insecticide just has even more important meaning.
After World War II, invention along with DDT and hexachlorcyclohexane, the kind of agricultural chemicals (comprise desinsection, sterilization, kill mite, kill nematode, kill mouse, weeding and growth regulator etc.) increases to 900 kinds from 30 kinds to 1971 in 1936, and its output in the U.S. from 100,000,000 pounds to 1971 years 1,100,000,000 pounds in 1936.The harm of using so in large quantities agricultural chemicals not eliminate destructive insects.Cause on the contrary the problem of wildness and environmental pollution etc. again of the pests such as insect, especially outstanding with Agricultural Mites.There is the advantages such as wide spectrum, low toxicity, safety in view of botanical pesticide, all contain the acaricidal activity material in the many plants of natural world, and in the middle of botanical pesticide, the miticide proportion is very little, with the demand in market, compare, the acaricidal research and development of plant resource still are in the junior stage, become the very few especially of product, therefore to plant resource, acaricidal research and development have huge potentiality and urgency.Aspect the research of natural acaricidal activity material, many scholars do a lot of work both at home and abroad, have found much to have the material of acaricidal activity.At present, the sufficient acaricidal activity material of research and comparison mainly comprises alkaloids, citrin class, flavonoids, plants essential oil etc.
All being found on the crops of phytophagous mites all over the world, having that volume is little, breeding is fast, strong adaptability and characteristics such as easily develop immunity to drugs, is the pest communities of the very difficult control of generally acknowledging.The current most dependence on import of miticide used on the pesticide market of China, the acaricidal expense of import account for that the general import agricultural chemicals expense uses 88.8%.And the loss that crop is caused of mite class, obvious increase has been arranged in the past in 30 years.Main cause is intensive monoculture and uses non-specific insecticide.Next is because the growth time of a generation of mite class is shorter, to original miticide, can produce rapidly resistance.These insecticides often acaricidal activity are not high, eliminated mite class natural enemy when killing the mite class yet.At present, the 3R problem of chemical pesticide generally receives people's concern, and the mankind are also more and more deep to the understanding of agricultural chemicals, and the use of agricultural chemicals is not focused on killing off the insect pests, but more focuses on regulating.Therefore, use the obligate miticide to become the major measure of control phytophagous mites, acaricidal development must be towards biopesticide and the insect hormone type agricultural chemicals future development of efficient, wide spectrum, low toxicity, safety, the demand of satisfying the market.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to disclose a kind of semen momordicae plant acaricide, and order of the present invention also is to disclose this acaricidal preparation method, the present invention also aims to disclose this acaricidal new purposes.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention is prepared from by the following method:
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add benzinum, chloroform or methyl alcohol, under room temperature, lixiviate is 2～4 times, the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 3～7 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 3～5 days, merge leaching liquor, containing solid content 75%～85%, obtain momordicae semen extract while being evaporated to 25～32 ℃; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention preferably is prepared from by the following method:
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add benzinum, chloroform or methyl alcohol, under room temperature, lixiviate is 3 times, the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 5 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 4 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 28-30 ℃, solid content accounts for 78%-82%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind ofly to person poultry safety, environmentally friendly harmonious agricultural chemicals, ecotope long term growth, the mankind's health and the comprehensive regulation of disease are all had to profound significance.Semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention is compared with traditional agricultural chemicals, there is following characteristics and advantage: the plant that (1) is occurring in nature due to the semen momordicae complete stool, therefore its extract is easy to decompose under field conditions (factors), to environment and ecosystem safety on every side, there is no problem of environmental pollution; (2) the semen momordicae plant acaricide is a kind of multicomponent mixture, and the mite class is had to a plurality of action sites, therefore is difficult for developing immunity to drugs; (3) experiment showed, that the semen momordicae plant acaricide has significant miticidal effect, there are the efficient characteristics of chemical pesticide; (4) in the semen momordicae complete stool, the extraction of active component is simple, extremely is conducive to carry out suitability for industrialized production.
Following experimental example and embodiment are for further illustrating but being not limited to the present invention.
Experimental example 1: the inhibition experiment of semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention to tetranychus viennensis.
1, experimental technique
(1) extracting method of momordicae semen extract (with the described method of embodiment of the present invention 1-3)
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add respectively benzinum, chloroform and methyl alcohol, under room temperature, lixiviate is 3 times, the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 5 times of dry powder weight, each lixiviate 4 days, merge leaching liquor, and while being evaporated to 25～32 ℃, solid content accounts for 75%～85%, obtain respectively benzinum momordicae semen extract, chloroform momordicae semen extract or methyl alcohol momordicae semen extract, standby.
(2) indoor bioactive mensuration
Slide infusion process: with two-sided tape paper, bouncing, female one-tenth mite of the same size back are sticked to an end of slide downwards, and reject the killed or wounded individuality under anatomical lens, guarantee that every slide tetranychid number is 30, soak 5s in liquid after, take out, sop up gently floating medicine with filter paper, observe its death condition after 24h, the moving person of contact is for living, motionless person is dead, the calculation correction lethality.
2, experimental result
Momordicae semen extract to the biologically active of the female one-tenth mite of tetranychus viennensis in Table 1, in order further to investigate the virulence of momordicae semen extract to the female one-tenth mite of tetranychus viennensis, set the concentration gradient of 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, 4mg/mL, 6mg/mL, 8mg/mL, adopt the slide infusion process to measure extract to becoming virulence regression equation, the lethal concentration of 50 LC of mite
50, correlation coefficient and 95% confidence limit, the results are shown in Table 2, as can be seen from the table:
Three kinds of extracts of semen momordicae all have significant biologically active to tetranychus viennensis, and wherein the biologically active of benzinum is higher, and the 24h corrected mortality is 77.52%, LC
50for 0.5395mg/mL; The methanolic extract acaricidal activity is lower, and the 24h corrected mortality is 69.23%, and the acaricidal activity of chloroform extract is between between the two, and the 24h corrected mortality is 73.45%.
The biologically active of table 1 momordicae semen extract to the female one-tenth mite of tetranychus viennensis
* every kind of reagent test concentration is 2mg/ml, repeats for 3 times, and contrast is 1% Tween 80 solution
The virulence equation of table 2 momordicae semen extract to tetranychus viennensis
* every kind of extraction solvent is 5 concentration, repeats for 3 times;
Each processes repetition 3 times *, and contrast is 1% Tween 80 solution.
3, conclusion
The biologically active of plant semen momordicae ligroin extraction is higher, and the 24h corrected mortality is 77.52%, LC
50for 0.5395mg/mL.
Following embodiment all can realize the described effect of above-mentioned experimental example.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add benzinum, under room temperature, lixiviate is 3 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 5 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 4 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 31 ℃, containing solid content 77.2%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add chloroform, under room temperature, lixiviate is 2 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 5 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 4 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 32 ℃, containing solid content 79.9%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Embodiment 3: semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add methyl alcohol, under room temperature, lixiviate is 3 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 5 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 4 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 29 ℃, containing solid content 80.5%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Embodiment 4: semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add benzinum, under room temperature, lixiviate is 2 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 6 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 3 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 28 ℃, containing solid content 84.7%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Embodiment 5: semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add chloroform, under room temperature, lixiviate is 4 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 4 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 5 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 30 ℃, containing solid content 78.9%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Embodiment 6: semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add methyl alcohol, under room temperature, lixiviate is 2 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 4 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 5 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 32 ℃, containing solid content 76.4%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make semen momordicae plant acaricide of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the application of semen momordicae plant acaricide in preparing plant acaricide is characterized in that described semen momordicae plant acaricide is prepared from by the following method:
Take the semen momordicae plant drymeal, add benzinum, under room temperature, lixiviate is 3 times, and the amount that at every turn adds solvent is 5 times of dry powder weight, and each lixiviate 4 days, merge leaching liquor, while being evaporated to 31 ℃, containing solid content 77.2%, obtains momordicae semen extract; Add again conventional auxiliary material, according to common process, make the semen momordicae plant acaricide;
Described mite is tetranychus viennensis.
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| CN2010102127475A CN101869120B (en) | 2010-06-22 | 2010-06-22 | Cochinchina momordica seed plant acaricide and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101869120B true CN101869120B (en) | 2013-12-11 |
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| CN103478178A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-01 | 苏州市丰澄农业专业合作社 | Semen momordicae plant source nanometer slow-release pesticide composite and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101340920A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-01-07 | Sk化学株式会社 | Anti-gastritis and anti-ulcer agent containing momordicae semen extract and momordica saponin i isolated from the same |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101340920A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-01-07 | Sk化学株式会社 | Anti-gastritis and anti-ulcer agent containing momordicae semen extract and momordica saponin i isolated from the same |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 中药木鳖子的研究进展;林慧彬,等;《时珍国医国药》;20091231;第20卷(第4期);第785-787页 * |
| 宋晓平,等.杀螨植物药及其有效部位的离体筛选试验.《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》.2002,第30卷(第6期),第69-72页. * |
| 林慧彬,等.中药木鳖子的研究进展.《时珍国医国药》.2009,第20卷(第4期),第785-787页. |
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