CN101869017B - Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device - Google Patents

Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101869017B
CN101869017B CN2010101915141A CN201010191514A CN101869017B CN 101869017 B CN101869017 B CN 101869017B CN 2010101915141 A CN2010101915141 A CN 2010101915141A CN 201010191514 A CN201010191514 A CN 201010191514A CN 101869017 B CN101869017 B CN 101869017B
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China
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seed
sheet
plate
brush
rubber
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2010101915141A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101869017A (en
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张东兴
刘佳
崔涛
杨丽
徐丽明
高娜娜
蔡晓华
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device, which comprises a shell. A seed inlet, an air inlet, and a seeding port are formed on the shell, and a seed cleaning piece and a seed pushing piece are fixed in the shell; a seed plate is arranged in the shell and consists of a plate center, a rubber indent belt, and an outer ring which are sleeved; and holes are formed at the peripheries of the plate center, the rubber indent belt, and the outer ring at interval correspondingly. A circle of strip-shaped groove is formed on the inner side of the circumference of the plate center; the rubber indent belt is provided with a hemispherical indent; a cross slot is formed at the bottom of the indent; and a conical hole is formed on the outer ring so as to be naturally connected with the indent. The seed cleaning piece is close to the seed inlet and can slide in the plate center groove and cannot pass through the cross slot at the bottom of the rubber indent. The seed pushing piece is close to the seeding port and can slide in the plate center groove and pass through the cross slot at the bottom of the rubber indent; a seed brush is tangential to the outer ring of the seed plate; and a brush axle is parallel to a transmission shaft of the seed plate. The seed metering device is also provided with a seed blocking piece and a seed protection rubber piece. The pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device effectively guarantees the links of filling seeds, cleaning the seeds, protecting the seeds and discharging the seeds, and realizes precision seeding.

Description

A kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural machinery technological field, particularly about a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device that corn seed etc. is carried out precision drilling.
Background technology
Precise seeder mainly is divided into mechanical type and pneumatic type two big classes.Existing domestic widely used mechanical type precise seeder can't adapt to the high speed operation, is difficult to satisfy the needs of modern agriculture industrialized development.Air-suction seeding unit is to the shape of the seed bad adaptability in the pneumatic type seeding unit, and leakage sowing rate is higher when broadcasting non-similar round seed such as corn, and power consumption is big, the easy broadcast leakage in the edge of a field.Air-sweeping type seeding unit and vapour-pressure type seeding unit are that two kinds of research uses at present are less, but the pneumatic type seeding unit with certain features.The air-sweeping type seeding unit utilizes air-flow that unnecessary seed in the seed plate nest eye is blown out, only keep a seed and realize monoseeding, it is strong to the adaptive capacity of seed size shape, but valve manufactures and designs complexity, strict with cooperating of seed plate mo(u)ld top half hole, blow gas pressure Gao Shiyi generation valve is slightly knocked kind of a phenomenon; In the vapour-pressure type seeding unit, seed is under the effect of deadweight and draught head, pressed and be attached to the nest intraocular and forward top thereupon to, unnecessary seed is fallen after rise by deadweight, and the seed that minority remains on the nest eye is scraped by hairbrush, only stays a seed and forms monoseeding, but the general nest intraocular of this seeding unit can only hold a seed, if it is more to fill kind of district's seed, a little less than the gas pressure, be difficult to guarantee to fill kind of an effect.Utilize hairbrush to plant clearly, fixed hairbrush is very easily knocked kind of a phenomenon, and the hairbrush serious wear; Rotary hairbrush need add driving, complex structure again.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device is characterized in that: it comprises housing, seed plate, retaining kind sheet, seed cleaning sheet, pushes away kind of a sheet, plants parts such as brushing, protect kind of sheet rubber; Described housing guard shield is in the outside of described seed plate, and housing top offers seed inlet and air inlet, and the bottom offers sowing port; Described seed plate is by the ground wheel drive, described seed plate is by the seed plate core, the sheathed successively composition in rubber nest eye band and seed plate outer ring, described core, on rubber nest eye band and the outer ring circumference all at interval the property correspondence offer eyelet, offer a circle strip groove in the inboard of core outer rim, described strip groove intersects with eyelet on the core and is communicated with, described rubber nest eye with on eyelet be hemispherical indent, offer the cross fluting in the bottom of hemispherical indent, eyelet on the described outer ring is a round taper hole, described round taper hole and rubber nest eye with on hemispherical indent be connected naturally, form an indent hole that has a tapering; Described seed cleaning sheet and push away the inboard that kind of sheet all is fixed on described housing, seed cleaning sheet is positioned at plants the district clearly, its width is greater than the cross fluting of rubber nest eye band bottom, but width less than the strip groove on the seed plate core, can in strip groove, slide, but the cross that can't penetrate on the rubber nest eye is slotted; The top shape of seed cleaning sheet is that the direction of rotation along seed plate raises gradually, and peak can see through the eyelet on the core, with rubber nest eye with on hemispherical indent outwards eject certain altitude; Describedly push away the top that kind of sheet is positioned at sowing port, the width that pushes away kind of sheet is both less than the width of the strip groove on the seed plate core, also less than the cross groove width of rubber nest eye band bottom, the top shape that pushes away kind of sheet is that the direction of rotation along seed plate raises gradually, and can pass the cross fluting and extend in the rubber nest eye; Described kind brush is positioned at the below of air inlet, and the brush end and the seed plate outer ring of planting brush are tangent, and the summit of points of tangency and seed cleaning sheet is on the same straight line, and the brush axle of kind brush and the power transmission shaft of seed plate are parallel.
One retaining kind of sheet is set on described seed inlet passage, and retaining kind of sheet top has the ear hole, and ear pierced the adjusting double-screw bolt that is fixed on the housing, was clipped between two adjusting nuts, feasible retaining kind of sheet adjustable height.
On the direction of described kind brush whiz seed plate, be provided with one with seed plate be asymptotic expression tangent protect kind of a sheet rubber, kind of grain rotates to the arc area that protects kind of sheet rubber with seed plate, and the kind grain that part exceeds seed plate can be protected kind of a sheet rubber during by this zone and be pressed into gradually.
Described seed cleaning sheet is welded by two foils, leaves certain interval between two foils, forms gas channel; Described kind of the sheet that pushes away is made for the unitary piece of metal sheet.
The brush wheel integral body of described kind brush is three blade shape constructions, and bristle is " people " font in a circumferential direction or scroll is arranged.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is provided with rubber nest eye, can hold 1~2 seed, act as the auxilliary kind of filling based on seed deadweight, draught head, even when gas pressure is very weak, still can guarantee well to fill kind of a performance, fill kind of a reliability height.2, positive pressure gas flows to into filling kind of a district, drives kind of a brush rotation, realizes initiatively clear the kind, and the hairbrush wearing and tearing are little and plant effectively clearly, need not add driving again, simplify the structure; Bristle becomes circular array, helps the seed brush that the nest intraocular is edge-on to fall, and lies low in nest eyeground portion, reduces and knocks kind of a probability; Nest eyeground portion has cross recess, and air-flow is filling kind of an indoor formation malleation, and a seed is adsorbed on nest eyeground portion firmly under differential pressure action, and leakage kind of rate is low.3, nest eye main body is the rubber material, certain deformation is arranged, during clear kind of rotation kind of brush, its below nest intraocular side has a seed cleaning sheet with the outer gradually top of rubber nest eyeground portion, make its dischargeable capacity be reduced to depth direction and can only hold a seed, guarantee that in conjunction with the clear kind effect of planting brush unnecessary seed falls after rise, simple grain is good, is applicable to the precision drilling of big grain and irregularly shaped seed.4, enter protect kind of district before, the nest eye can be through an arc area that sheet rubber arranged, if the bigger seed of minority is arranged above surface, seed plate outer ring, by this zone the time, can be pressed into gradually, the cross recess of distortion of materials ability of rubber nest eye own and bottom has guaranteed the successful realization of this process, has so not only avoided knocking the generation of kind of phenomenon but also cut off air-flow.5, in the seeding district, push away kind of sheet and partly head into rubber nest intraocular, from the bottom seed is released.In a word, the present invention fill kind, plant clearly, protect kind, the seeding several links all is effectively guaranteed, and realizes the seeding of smart amount.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure front view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a general structure vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a combined type seed plate decomposition view;
Fig. 4 is retaining kind of sheet vertical view;
Fig. 5 is the seed cleaning sheet end view;
Fig. 6 is the location diagram of seed cleaning sheet and seed plate nest eye;
Fig. 7 is kind of a brush bristle circular array end view;
Among the figure: I-fills kind of a district, and II-plants the district clearly, and III-protects kind of a district, IV-seeding district;
The 1-housing, the 2-seed plate, 3-retaining kind of sheet, 4-seed cleaning sheet, 5-push away kind of a sheet, 6-kind brush, 7-protects kind of a sheet rubber; The 11-seed inlet, the 12-air inlet, the 13-sowing port, the 14-procapsid, the 15-back casing, 21-seed plate core, 22-rubber nest eye band, 23-seed plate outer ring, 24-seed plate power transmission shaft, the 25-bearing, 31-retaining kind of sheet is regulated double-screw bolt, 32-retaining kind of sheet adjusting nut; The 211-eyelet; The 212-strip groove, 221-hemispherical indent, 222-cross fluting, 231-round taper hole.
Embodiment
Be described in detail of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1~2, seeding unit of the present invention mainly comprises housing 1, seed plate 2, retaining kind of sheet 3, a seed cleaning sheet 4, push away kind of sheet 5, plant brush 6, protect several parts such as kind of sheet rubber 7.
Housing 1 guard shield offers seed inlet 11 and air inlet 12 in the outside of seed plate 2 on the top of housing 1, offer sowing port 13 in the bottom of housing 1.Generally speaking, housing 1 is combined by procapsid 14 and back casing 15, the dismounting of more convenient like this equipment, and realistic operation.
As shown in Figure 3, seed plate 2 by seed plate core 21, rubber nest eye be with 22 and seed plate outer ring 23 3 parts form, rubber nest eye is with 22 to be clipped between seed plate core 21 and the seed plate outer ring 22, the three forms seed plate integral body.The center fixation of seed plate core 21 wears a seed plate power transmission shaft 24, and seed plate power transmission shaft 24 passes housing 1 and driven by driving-chain by land wheel.Among some embodiment, seed plate is sleeved on the procapsid 14, is assembled together by the axis hole on bearing 25 and the back casing 15 by seed plate power transmission shaft 24, and axial location is carried out with jump ring in the outer end.
Seed plate core 21, rubber nest eye with 22 and seed plate outer ring 23 outer rims on all at interval property offer corresponding eyelet, eyelet 211 on the seed plate core 21 is big slightly, and offer a circle strip groove 212 in the inboard of dish edge, strip groove 212 was crossed over eyelet 211, had with eyelet 211 and intersected; Rubber nest eye is with has hemispherical indent 221 on 22, have cross fluting 222 in the bottom of hemispherical indent 221, and hemispherical indent 221 is less than the eyelet on the core 211, and hemispherical indent 221 sinks in the eyelet 211 during assembling; Have round taper hole 231 on the seed plate outer ring 23, round taper hole 231 and rubber nest eye with on hemispherical indent 221 be connected naturally, form an indent hole that has a tapering.Because rubber nest eye is with 22 to be done by elastomeric material, therefore, hemispherical indent 221 and cross eyelet 222 all have the certain elastic deformation characteristic.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 4, seed inlet 11 is arranged on the housing 1, is advancing on kind of the passage, is provided with retaining kind of a sheet 3 in the inner part.Retaining kind of sheet 3 top ears pierced the retaining kind sheet that is fixed on the housing 1 regulates double-screw bolt 31, be clipped between two retainings kind of sheet adjusting nut 32, rotation retaining kind of a sheet adjusting nut 32 can be regulated retaining kind of sheet arbitrarily and stretch into length in the housing, thereby the caliber size of regulating kind of passage is promptly regulated kind of the amount of feeding.
As shown in Figure 1, seed cleaning sheet 4 and push away kind of sheet 5 and all utilize the straight trough straight pin to be articulated in the inboard of housing 1, wherein, seed cleaning sheet 4 is positioned at the position near seed inlet 11, as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, seed cleaning sheet 4 is welded by two foils, between two foils, leave certain interval and help ventilation, the width of seed cleaning sheet 4 is wider than the cross fluting 222 of rubber nest eye with 22 bottoms, but width less than the strip groove on the seed plate core 21 212, make seed cleaning sheet 4 both can in groove 212, slide, also can touch rubber nest eye with on hemispherical indent 221, hinder the air communication mistakes and can not pass simultaneously cross fluting 222; The top shape of seed cleaning sheet 4 is that the direction of rotation along seed plate 2 raises gradually, peak can touch rubber nest eye with on hemispherical indent 221, and outwards eject by the elasticity of the rubber storage thing that the nest intraocular is unnecessary (planting grain), only keep a seed.
Push away kind of sheet 5 and be positioned at the top of sowing port 13, position near sowing port, the shape that pushes away kind of sheet 5 is identical with seed cleaning sheet 4, just push away kind of sheet 5 and be the unitary piece of metal sheet, the width that pushes away kind of sheet 5 is both less than the width of the strip groove on the seed plate core 21 212, also, make that pushing away kind of sheet 5 can slide in groove 212, can pass cross again and slot and 222 unique in a nest eye seed ejected less than the width of the cross on the hemispherical indent 221 fluting 222.
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 7, plant brush 6 and be installed on the housing 1, be positioned at the below of air inlet 12, the brush end and the seed plate outer ring of planting brush are tangent, and the summit of points of tangency and seed cleaning sheet 4 is on the same RADIAL of seed plate; The brush axle of planting brush is parallel with the seed plate power transmission shaft.As shown in Figure 7, brush wheel integral body is three blade shape constructions, and bristle is the arrangement of " people " font at circumferencial direction or scroll is arranged, and helps the continuity brush of kind of brush like this.Under air-flow effect from air inlet, planting brush 6 is rotated counterclockwise, plant brush 6 and seed plate 2 in the contact point switched in opposite, in the time of below seed plate 2 rotates to kind of brush 6 application points, seed cleaning sheet 4 also reaches maximum to its extrapolation effect, and the dischargeable capacity of seed plate nest intraocular becomes can only hold a seed on depth direction, and unnecessary seed will be pushed out and brush away, because nest eyeground portion has cross fluting 222, this seed can be adsorbed on nest eyeground portion firmly under differential pressure action.
On kind of the direction of brush 6 whiz seed plates 2, also be provided with one with seed plate 2 tangent protect kind of sheet rubber 7, protect kind of sheet rubber 7 and be circular shape, abut on the inwall of housing 1, to be asymptotic expression tangent with seed plate 2.Plant grain and rotate to the arc area that protects kind of sheet rubber 7 with seed plate 2, the kind grain that part exceeds seed plate can be pressed into during by this zone gradually, and the distortion of materials ability of seed plate rubber nest eye own and the cross eyelet of bottom have guaranteed the successful realization of this process.
By above-mentioned introduction as can be known, seeding unit of the present invention can be divided into four zones on function: fill kind of a district I, clear kind district II, protect kind of district III, a seeding district IV, filling kind of a district I is the zone of 23 °~48 ° of seed plate first quartiles; The clear district II that plants first resembles the zone between 48 ° of~kind brushes 6 and the seed plate contact point; Protect kind district III and be the zone of protecting between 45 ° of kind of sheet rubber 7 and the seed plate contact points~seed plate third quadrant; Seeding district IV is 45 ° of zones afterwards of seed plate third quadrant.Wherein, seed inlet 11 is in and fills in kind of the district I; Blow in housing by air inlet 12, make and fill kind of district I and plant the space that district II forms a malleation clearly; Seed cleaning sheet 4 and push away kind of sheet 5 and act on respectively and plant district II and seeding district IV clearly; Protecting kind of sheet rubber 7 is positioned at and protects kind a district III.
During work, the seed that fills in kind of the district I charges into seed plate nest intraocular under the double action of deadweight and gas normal pressure; Along with the rotation nest eye of seed plate 2 contacts with seed cleaning sheet 4 gradually, the seed that plays pendulum in this process all falls to recharging kind of a district I in action of gravity, in the time of below seed plate 2 rotates to kind of brush 6 application points, seed cleaning sheet 4 also reaches maximum to its extrapolation effect, the dischargeable capacity of nest intraocular becomes can only hold a seed on depth direction, unnecessary seed is pushed out and brushes away, because nest eyeground portion has cross fluting 222, this seed can be adsorbed on nest eyeground portion firmly under differential pressure action; Leave clearly and to plant behind the district II seed and enter and protect kind of a district III through the arc area that protects kind of sheet rubber 7 is housed with the nest eye, if the bigger seed of minority is arranged also above surface, seed plate outer ring, can be pressed into gradually during by this zone, the distortion of materials ability of rubber nest eye own and the cross eyelet of bottom have guaranteed the successful realization of this process; Rotation along with seed plate 2, seed is through protecting kind a district III, before arriving seeding district IV, pushes away the cross eyelet 222 of kind of sheet 5 by nest eyeground portion and extend into the nest intraocular seed is forced to release, fall smoothly at seeding district IV at last, seed drops out from the sowing port 13 of housing.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device is characterized in that: it comprises housing, seed plate, retaining kind sheet, seed cleaning sheet, pushes away kind of a sheet, plants brush, protects kind of a sheet rubber;
Described housing guard shield is in the outside of described seed plate, and housing top offers seed inlet and air inlet, and the bottom offers sowing port;
Described seed plate is driven by land wheel, described seed plate is by the seed plate core, the sheathed successively composition in rubber nest eye band and seed plate outer ring, described core, on rubber nest eye band and the outer ring circumference all at interval the property correspondence offer eyelet, offer a circle strip groove in the inboard of core outer rim, described strip groove intersects with eyelet on the core and is communicated with, described rubber nest eye with on eyelet be hemispherical indent, offer the cross fluting in the bottom of hemispherical indent, eyelet on the described outer ring is a round taper hole, described round taper hole and rubber nest eye with on hemispherical indent be connected naturally, form an indent hole that has a tapering;
Described seed cleaning sheet is fixed on the inboard of described housing, the position of close seed inlet, the top shape of described seed cleaning sheet raises gradually along the direction of rotation of seed plate, the width of described seed cleaning sheet is slotted greater than the cross of described rubber nest eye band bottom, and less than the strip groove on the described core;
Describedly push away the inboard that kind of sheet is fixed on described housing, be positioned at the top of sowing port, the described top shape that pushes away kind of sheet raises gradually along the direction of rotation of seed plate, the described cross fluting that pushes away the width of kind of sheet less than described rubber nest eye band bottom, and less than the strip groove on the described core;
Described kind brush is positioned at the below of air inlet, and the brush end and the seed plate outer ring of planting brush are tangent, and the brush axle of kind brush and the power transmission shaft of seed plate are parallel.
2. a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: a described retaining kind sheet is set on described seed inlet passage, described retaining kind sheet top has the ear hole, and ear pierced the adjusting double-screw bolt that is fixed on the housing, was clipped between two adjusting nuts.
3. a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: on the direction of described kind brush whiz seed plate, be provided with one and be tangent described kind of the sheet rubber that protects of asymptotic expression with seed plate.
4. a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: on the direction of described kind brush whiz seed plate, be provided with one and be tangent described kind of the sheet rubber that protects of asymptotic expression with seed plate.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering devices, it is characterized in that: described seed cleaning sheet is welded by two foils, leaves certain interval between two foils; Described kind of the sheet that pushes away is made for the unitary piece of metal sheet.
6. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering devices, it is characterized in that: the points of tangency of described kind brush and seed plate is on the same radial alignment of seed plate with the summit of seed cleaning sheet.
7. a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the points of tangency of described kind brush and seed plate is on the same radial alignment of described seed plate with the summit of described seed cleaning sheet.
8. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 7 described a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering devices, it is characterized in that: the brush wheel integral body of described kind brush is three blade shape constructions, and bristle is " people " font and arranges at circumferencial direction.
9. a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the brush wheel integral body of described kind brush is three blade shape constructions, and bristle is " people " font or scroll and arranges at circumferencial direction.
10. a kind of Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the brush wheel integral body of described kind brush is three blade shape constructions, and bristle is " people " font or scroll and arranges at circumferencial direction.
CN2010101915141A 2010-05-26 2010-05-26 Pneumatic combined plate type single seed precision seed metering device Expired - Fee Related CN101869017B (en)

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