CN101864602A - Method for preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo - Google Patents
Method for preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo Download PDFInfo
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- CN101864602A CN101864602A CN 201010205543 CN201010205543A CN101864602A CN 101864602 A CN101864602 A CN 101864602A CN 201010205543 CN201010205543 CN 201010205543 CN 201010205543 A CN201010205543 A CN 201010205543A CN 101864602 A CN101864602 A CN 101864602A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo, which belongs to a technical method for separating the bamboo fibers from the bamboo. The method comprises the following successive steps of: cutting and splitting the bamboo into bamboo strips, and soaking the bamboo strips into liquid with active bio-enzyme for enzymolysis; and the method is characterized in that: after the splitting of the bamboo into bamboo strips and before the enzymolysis, the bamboo strips are subjected to expanded treatment; and the expanded treatment comprises vacuumizing treatment on the bamboo strips, or temperature change treatment on the bamboo strips, or pressure change treatment on the bamboo strips; or the expanded treatment is combined expanded treatment with two or more kinds of expanded treatment. The method for preparing the bamboo fibers has the advantages of: the boiling separation after the expanded treatment, and microbe and active bio-enzyme separation on non-bamboo fiber organic matters are easier, the time is short, the available temperature and pressure are low, less microbe and active bio-enzyme are used, and the aim of separating the bamboo fibers at low cost is fulfilled. The obtained bamboo fibers are environment-friendly products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and from the long fiber plant, isolate the fibriilar technology of plant, particularly relate to the process of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo.
Background technology
Chinese patent 200510022616.X " having the active bio enzyme method to produce the weaving bamboo fiber " the present invention discloses a kind of any chemical treatment that do not need to people, simple to operate, processing time is short, the active bio enzyme method that has of constant product quality is produced the weaving bamboo fiber, this technical process is as follows: at first bamboo is blocked and cuts open the well-thought-out plan bar, put into boiling water boiling-off deliquescing then, take out crushing, filament hammer out, put into the boiling of pressure pot again, the bamboo silk of handling, immersion contains in the solution of active biological enzyme to be handled, allow active biological enzyme decompose lignin in the bamboo silk, hemicellulose, pectin, to obtain the cellulose fibre in the bamboo, the bamboo cellulose fibre after the enzyme decomposition is cleaned, bleaching, oil, soft, shredding can be for the bamboo fiber of weaving usefulness.But the boiling-off deliquescing will be wasted a large amount of energy for a long time in the bamboo boiling water, could provide non-bamboo fibre organic matter softening or that partly decompose for the non-bamboo fibre organic matter that has active biological enzyme to decompose in the bamboo.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide bamboo is carried out transformation temperature or/and the method for pressure, the non-bamboo fibre organic matters of material such as the lignin in the destruction bamboo, pectin, protein, sugar, fat, promote boiling and promotion active biological enzyme to be arranged, the method for the preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo of have energy savings, reduce pollution, enhancing productivity to non-bamboo fibre organic matter decomposition effect.
Design of the present invention: from the bamboo bar, separate bamboo fiber, will remove the non-bamboo fibre organic matter between the bamboo fiber, as materials such as lignin, pectin, protein, sugar, fat.These non-bamboo fibre organic matters are difficult to decompose in conventional environment, present technology is earlier with after the softening and a small amount of decomposition of boiling in boiling or the strong base solution, again with microorganism with have active biological enzyme to combine non-bamboo fibre organic matter is decomposed, the non-bamboo fibre organic matter that has been decomposed of water or other dissolution with solvents again, reach and remove non-bamboo fibre organic matter, obtain the purpose of bamboo fiber; But the non-bamboo fibre organic matter of the softening and a small amount of decomposition of boiling wants High Temperature High Pressure for a long time in boiling or the strong base solution, wastes a large amount of energy, and long-time high pressure is dangerous again, and the strong base solution environmental pollution is very big.The present invention uses transformation temperature or/and the physical method of pressure, after making non-bamboo fibre organic matter by the physical method expanding treatment, promote boiling and promotion active biological enzyme to be arranged to non-bamboo fibre organic matter decomposition effect, reach boiling and have in the active biological enzyme processing procedure, Da Da reduces the High Temperature High Pressure time, and energy savings reduces or reduce without strong base solution environmental pollution, reduce the time of separating the whole arts demands of preparation bamboo fiber, enhance productivity.
Of the present invention to non-bamboo fibre organic matter by expanded, be used for the method for preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo as follows:
Method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo, by the priority step, be included as bamboo is blocked and cuts open after the well-thought-out plan bar, the bamboo bar is immersed enzymolysis in the liquid that active biological enzyme is arranged, it is characterized in that: the bamboo bar after being cut into the bamboo bar with enzymolysis step before, the bamboo bar is carried out expanding treatment; Its expanding treatment is that the bamboo bar is vacuumized processing or the bamboo bar is carried out the transformation temperature processing, or the bamboo bar is changed a certain processing that pressure is handled; Or the expanded combined treatment of two or more expanding treatments is arranged, its expanded combined treatment is:
Comprise the expanded combined treatment that vacuumizes processing and transformation temperature processing;
Or comprise vacuumizing and handle and change the expanded combined treatment that pressure is handled;
Or comprise that transformation temperature is handled and the expanded combined treatment of variation pressure processing;
Or comprise that vacuumizing processing and transformation temperature handles and change the expanded combined treatment that pressure is handled;
Because non-bamboo fibre organic matter----lignin, pectin, protein, sugar, it is stable that the chemical stability of materials such as fat can not show a candle to bamboo fiber, as long as fast temperature changes or quick pressure change in hand, bamboo fiber is decomposed or few the decomposition, damage and only make a large amount of non-bamboo fibre organic matters produce a large amount of porosities, the quality bulkiness is damaged expanding treatment, make the microorganism in the enzymolysis step or/and there is active biological enzyme can enter into the hole of a large amount of expanded generations, make microorganism or/and there is active biological enzyme can roll up and the organic contact area of non-bamboo fibre, reduce microorganism or/and there is active biological enzyme that the bamboo bar is decomposed the time that needs.To reduce the time that enzymolysis step needs and to reduce microorganism, the use amount of active biological enzyme is arranged.
If after the bamboo bar is being cut into the bamboo bar with enzymolysis step before, also to add the boiling step, can also before the boiling step, increase expanding treatment.To reduce the time that boiling step and enzymolysis step need, reduce the boiling step High Temperature High Pressure time, energy savings reduces or reduces environmental pollution without strong base solution, reduces the time of separating the whole arts demands of preparation bamboo fiber, enhances productivity.
Vacuumize the effect of processing: be before transformation temperature is handled or after handling, change gas or liquid sucking-off in the bamboo bar micropore after pressure is handled preceding or processing, and with free particulate sucking-off, make its in the back the transformation temperature of the step liquid handling, change in pressure processing, boiling step, the enzymolysis step can enter easilier in the bamboo bar micropore, improve transformation temperature and handle, change the treatment effect that pressure is handled, and the treatment effect that improves boiling step and enzymolysis step.So, vacuumize handle configurable before transformation temperature is handled or after, change before the processing that pressure handles or after, and before the boiling step process or after, the enzymolysis step processing in the past or after.Before handling, certain vacuumizes processing intent, be gas, liquid, the particulate in the sucking-off bamboo bar micropore, for entering bamboo bar micropore, the liquid in later process or the step provides the space, particularly provide the bamboo bar micropore space of negative pressure, make easier the entering among the bamboo bar micropore of liquid in later process or the step; After handling, certain vacuumizes processing intent, be that sucking-off is carrying out destroying processing, resolution process to the non-bamboo fibre organic matter in the micropore, the liquid that its destruction or capacity of decomposition have reduced or other material, as contain seldom gas of hydrogen ion, the liquid that the catabolic enzyme activity has reduced, the liquid that alkalescence has not reached pH value, the active microorganism that reduces etc.In a word, vacuumizing processing is the bamboo bar micropore of finding time, make gas, liquid, the particulate of other processing or step can enter bamboo bar micropore as much as possible, and improve other processing or step to the organic destruction of the non-bamboo fibre of bamboo bar with decompose effect, and can reduce and destroy and decompose the bamboo non-needed time of bamboo fibre organic matter of bar.To organic destruction of the non-bamboo fibre of bamboo bar and decomposition is the microcosmic effect, and its macro-effect is that bamboo bar volume increases by expanded.
The effect that transformation temperature is handled: be exactly in the temperature range of not destroying bamboo fiber, make the bamboo bar become high temperature, or become low temperature from high temperature from low temperature.Its principle is that the temperature adaptation scope of bamboo fiber is greater than non-bamboo fibre organic matters of material such as lignin, pectin, protein, sugar, fat.As long as the transformation temperature scope is less than the temperature range of destroying bamboo fiber; again greater than destroying the organic temperature range of non-bamboo fibre; just can promptly protect the structure of bamboo fiber; destroy the organic structure of non-bamboo fibre again; make non-bamboo fibre organic matter produce a large amount of holes; even make non-bamboo fibre organic matter be broken down into diffluent form, and make things convenient for subsequent step water or other solvent the non-bamboo fibre organic matter wash-out that has been decomposed, isolate bamboo fiber.To organic destruction of the non-bamboo fibre of bamboo bar and decomposition is the microcosmic effect, and its macro-effect is that bamboo bar volume increases by expanded.
Change the effect that pressure is handled: be exactly to be found time in the space of the new hole that produces of original hole of non-bamboo fibre organic matter or transformation temperature processing back, with pressurization injecting gas or liquid, hole constantly is evacuated dwindle and adds compression swelling, increase the volume of hole and a plurality of holes are connected, reduce the hole of blind hole shape, make the more and easier hole that enters into of gas or liquid energy.
The bamboo bar is carried out fast temperature variation or quick pressure change, can be to the principle of non-bamboo fibre organic matter expanding treatment: non-bamboo fibre organic matter all has stable structure, quick transformation temperature or change pressure fast and can destroy the organic rock-steady structure of non-bamboo fibre, non-bamboo fibre organic matter is lost activity, loose structure, produce in the molecule and intermolecular micropore, and the micropore between the various non-bamboo fibre organic matter tissues, also can make the part chemical bond rupture be broken down into micromolecule, chemical bond rupture produces hydrophilic bond and hydrophilic radical makes it have water-soluble and produce hydrolysis effect etc., or behind the chemical bond rupture easily by organic solvent dissolution.
Expanded non-bamboo fibre organic matter, by follow-up boiling, microorganism and the active bio enzymatic degradation is arranged, when decomposing, speed is faster, can use the High Temperature High Pressure digestion time less, pressure boiling or atmospheric cooking that usefulness is not too high; Or if atmospheric cooking, or need only microorganism and have active biological enzyme to handle, digesting apparatus investment, minimizing producing cost reduced.Expanded non-bamboo fibre organic matter, by follow-up microorganism with when having active biological enzyme to decompose, the bamboo bar has increased a large amount of holes and microorganism and contacting of active biological enzyme has been arranged, make microorganism and have active biological enzyme to decompose the non-bamboo fibre organic matter time and shorten greatly, this just reduces financing requirement and the employee's demand in producing, and has improved the production efficiency of unit.
Expanding treatment can be used as the preceding continuous technology or the subsequent technique of boiling, enzymolysis process, one complete with in the process of preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo, bulking processing art for producing for once, also available twice or bulking processing art for producing repeatedly.With twice or repeatedly during bulking processing art for producing, can also can all use identical expansion method at every turn with different concrete expansion methods.
First kind, vacuumize processing:
Describedly vacuumize that to handle be the vacuum environment of the container that the bamboo bar is housed being pumped into 1.0～4.0Mpa.General vaccum-pumping equipment can only reach the following vacuum of 4.0Mpa, gas clean-up is promptly greater than 4.0Mpa again, as effect not obvious the be better than 4.0Mpa expansion effect of vacuum 7.0～9.0Mpa to the application of vacuum raising expansion effect of bamboo bar, and cost too high to the vacuum equipment specification requirement, vacuum equipment is high too.
Preferably vacuumizing processing is the vacuum environment of the container that the bamboo bar is housed being pumped into 1.0～4.0Mpa, and also is injected with ion or plasma in this vacuum environment.Owing in this vacuum environment, can not there be liquid to exist, for improving in the vacuum environment expansion effect to the bamboo bar, can in vacuum tank, inject ion or plasma, particularly be injected with and be beneficial to steady ion or the plasmas of the organic chemistry of non-bamboo fibre such as destroying lignin, pectin, protein, sugar, fat, as hydrogen ion or plasma hydrogen, sodium ion or plasma sodium, potassium ion or plasma potassium, oxonium ion or plasma oxygen, phosphonium ion or plasma phosphorus, sulphion or plasma sulphur, nitrogen ion or plasma nitrogen, chlorion or plasma chlorine etc.
Second kind, change pressure and handle:
It is to change the processing of pressure to idle loop border in the bamboo bar container is housed that described variation pressure is handled, the container of putting the bamboo bar add be pressed in 1.0～4.0Mpa pressure after, reduce pressure fast; Or after the container of putting the bamboo bar is pumped into the vacuum of 1.0～4.0Mpa, reduce vacuum fast.
What can repeatedly circulate pressurizes and step-down, and each circulation is boosted strong and the strong pressure difference range of step-down is 1.0～3.0Mpa.
The micropore that can make the bamboo bar is so constantly dashed expands and dwindles, finally reach and increase the micropore and get through a plurality of micropores more, reduce the micropore of blind pipe shape, the gas, liquid, the particulate that need to inject the micropore can enter the micropore easilier, improve various transformation temperature processing, boiling step, enzymolysis step to non-bamboo fibre organic matter expanded and decomposition effect.For different bamboo kinds and different bamboo age, the maximum pressure or the maximum vacuum of putting the container of bamboo bar should be regulated, particularly regulate the number of times of circulation pressurization and step-down, lifting vacuum, reach and only damage non-bamboo fibre organic matter, do not damage the purpose of bamboo fiber.
It is the processing that also has the variation pressure of transformation temperature that described variation pressure is handled, at 90～300 ℃ of gaseous environments, 1.0 in the high temperature and high pressure environment of～4.0Mpa pressure, the bamboo bar is put into cooling liquid fast or injected the water smoke gas of cooling liquid or cooling to high temperature and high pressure containers, reduce pressure simultaneously, treat that the bamboo bar fully absorbs water or water smoke after, the temperature of ging up again and pressure are pressed into water or water smoke in the bamboo bar micropore; And repeatedly circulation is carried out increasing temperature and pressure and is added decrease temperature and pressure.Best 50～250 ℃ of the temperature gap of the water smoke temperature of the temperature of gaseous environment and cooling liquid or cooling also can temperature gap 150～250 ℃.But the temperature of liquid can be lower than 0 ℃, so that improve temperature gap.Its purpose is to make the bamboo bar to be in the High Voltage variation and high-temperature changes in the very strong environment of this destructiveness the non-bamboo fibre organic matter of rapid damage bamboo bar.Cooling liquid can be a light water, or akaline liquid, or acidic liquid, or contains the liquid of organic solvent, as contains the liquid of ethanol.Because at high temperature ethanol easily evaporates, ethanol is easy to reclaim, so be preferred version with the liquid that contains ethanol.
The third, the transformation temperature processing that cryogenic liquid is heated up and gasifies
It is the processing that cryogenic liquid is heated up and gasifies that described transformation temperature is handled, the bamboo bar is immersed in the cryogenic liquid between the 5 ℃～liquid-nitrogen temperature, after the bamboo bar is identical with the cryogenic liquid temperature of being soaked, rapidly with the bamboo bar that is cooled, be placed in 10～300 ℃ of environment, temperature gap reaches 50～400 ℃.The low temperature of bamboo bar between 5 ℃～liquid-nitrogen temperature is rapidly heated 10～300 ℃ of environment, when temperature gap reaches 50～400 ℃, various non-bamboo fibre organic matter expanded by heating imbalance in the bamboo bar, the very easy form that is easy to water-soluble or dissolution with solvents that is damaged to.For the bamboo and the different bamboo bamboo in age of different cultivars, the temperature that the minimum temperature of cooling bamboo bar and heating up reaches, promptly temperature gap should be regulated, and reaches only to damage non-bamboo fibre organic matter, does not damage the purpose of bamboo fiber.
It is that the heated up processing of gasification of cryogenic liquid preferably uses liquid ammonia or liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen as the cooling medium to the bamboo bar that described transformation temperature is handled, the cryogenic liquid that soaks the bamboo bar then is liquid ammonia or liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen, after the temperature of the temperature of bamboo bar and cooling medium is identical, the bamboo bar that will be cooled off by cryogenic liquid rapidly, be placed in 10～300 ℃ of environment, its temperature gap reaches 50～400 ℃.This processing has at least dual mode to damage non-bamboo fibre organic matter: a kind of is the uneven non-bamboo fibre organic matter generation micropores of damaging of various non-bamboo fibre organic matter expanded by heating; Another kind is that the cooling medium of liquid is becoming gas after by cooling, and gas volume expands rapidly and damages non-bamboo fibre organic matter and produce the micropore, and after being raised to normal temperature and becoming gas as liquid carbon dioxide, volume can increase about 400 times.This have the damage effect of " blast " property with cooling medium expanded by heating to the micropore of bamboo bar, and can also produce new micropore.
Liquid cooling medium becomes the expansion method of " blast " of a large amount of gases: be that the bamboo bar is immersed in liquid liquid ammonia, in liquid carbon dioxide or the liquid nitrogen, treat that bamboo bar temperature is same as, substantially be same as liquid ammonia, behind liquid carbon dioxide or the liquid-nitrogen temperature, perhaps treat liquid ammonia, after liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen penetrate into the bamboo bar in a large number, pressure drops to atmospheric pressure state, rapidly with the bamboo bar that cools off, be placed in 10～300 ℃ of environment, its temperature gap reaches 50～400 ℃, liquid ammonia in the bamboo bar micropore, liquid carbon dioxide or liquid-nitrogen temperature raise 50～400 ℃ rapidly, liquid ammonia, liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen become a large amount of gases, the damage of " blast " property is carried out in bamboo bar micropore, carry out expanded the bamboo bar.
Because non-bamboo fibre organic matter all wraps in the outside of bamboo fiber, liquid ammonia, liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen are difficult for infiltrating in the bamboo fiber, as long as be immersed in time in liquid ammonia, liquid carbon dioxide or the liquid nitrogen so regulate the bamboo bar, entered non-bamboo fibre organic matter micropore at liquid ammonia, liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen, but also do not enter before the bamboo fiber, elevated temperature immediately just, the damage of " blast " property is carried out in non-bamboo fibre organic matter micropore, and do not damage bamboo fiber.
The 4th kind, handle with the transformation temperature of cold water cooling dry method heating back
It is that handle with the cold water cooling dry method heating back that described transformation temperature is handled, the anhydrous dry method of bamboo bar is heated to 90～300 ℃ after, rapidly the bamboo bar is immersed in and inhales cold water in the cold water and reduce temperature.General cold water temperature hangs down 70～250 ℃ than the preceding bamboo bar temperature that absorbs water, and promptly cold water temperature hangs down 70～250 ℃ than the temperature gap of the preceding bamboo bar temperature of suction.This is to utilize the principle of making " suction lima bean ", in the water of bamboo bar at low temperature of high temperature, catching a cold to shrink and produce negative pressure in the micropore in the bamboo bar, sucks the water of low temperature, the water of low temperature expanded by heating, gasification in the micropore produce puffing to the micropore again and damage, thereby damage non-bamboo fibre organic matter.For different bamboo kinds and different bamboo age, maximum temperature that dry method is heated to and cold water temperature than suction before the temperature gap of bamboo bar temperature should regulate, reach and only damage non-bamboo fibre organic matter, do not damage the purpose of bamboo fiber.
It is that handle with the cold water cooling dry method heating back that described transformation temperature is handled, when the anhydrous dry method of bamboo bar is heated to 90～300 ℃, and after bamboo bar weight reduces 5～30%, the bamboo bar is immersed in inhales cold water reduction temperature in the cold water rapidly, cold water temperature reduces by 70～250 ℃ than dry method heating-up temperature.The bamboo fiber quality of fresh bamboo is higher than the dried bamboo of having deposited for a long time, but there is large quantity of moisture to take the micropore in the fresh bamboo, after general dry method heating made bamboo bar weight reduce 5～30%, the moisture in the bamboo bar micropore evaporated, and provides the space for cold water enters the micropore fast.
Bamboo bar dry method heats available micro-wave oven and carries out heating using microwave.
The 5th kind, the transformation temperature of freezing generation ice crystal is handled
It is processing with the freezing generation ice crystal of bamboo bar that described transformation temperature is handled, the bamboo bar anhydrous or water logging blister attitude arranged, with bamboo bar temperature place-4～-10 ℃ freezing, allow water in the bamboo bar fully become ice crystal after, the bamboo bar is heated up dissolve ice crystal again.The method that heats up preferably is put into hot environment to the bamboo bar that ice crystal is arranged fast, as is put in 30～200 ℃ the water and is rapidly heated.Bamboo bar temperature is dropped to-4～--10 ℃, make the moisture in the bamboo bar can be fully icing, produce the non-bamboo fibre organic matter of irregularly shaped damage of volumetric expansion and ice crystal with water freezing; And cooperate to subtract rapidly with hot environment and freeze, carry out strong thermal stimulus, be subjected to the organic thermal expansion of various non-bamboo fibres uneven and be damaged.
Expanding treatment of the present invention is carried out above-mentioned various expanding treatments after can being immersed in the pectin swelling agent earlier to the bamboo bar again, or adds the pectin swelling agent in the liquid that soaks the bamboo bar.
In the technical process of the present invention with the preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo method, heat with micro-wave oven during expanding treatment bamboo bar, with 2000～4000MHz microwave.Also can in the expanding treatment process, handle bamboo bar damageability by the ultrasonic wave with 15KHz～350KHz.Microwave and ultrasonic wave have strong damageability to materials such as non-bamboo fibre organic matter lignin, pectin, protein, sugar, fat, in actual production, should regulate microwave and ultrasonic wave processing time frequency to the bamboo bar, to reach after damaging non-bamboo fibre organic matter, do not damage bamboo fiber and stop microwave and ultrasonic stimulation bamboo bar before.
Non-bamboo fibre organic matter of the present invention refers to be entrenched in materials such as organic matter----lignin between the bamboo fiber, pectin, protein, sugar, fat.
Of the present invention expanded: as to refer to that materials such as non-bamboo fibre organic matter----lignin, pectin, protein, sugar, fat are carried out variations in temperature at the bamboo bar and handle, or after the change process of pressure, non-bamboo fibre organic matter produces gap, hole and organizes evacuation, and non-bamboo fibre organic matter is decomposed, is degraded; The bamboo cell membrane is expanded to break, and helps follow-uply when boiling expanded bamboo, easilier removes non-bamboo fibre organic matter and helps microorganism and the non-bamboo fibre organic matter of the further enzymolysis of active biological enzyme is arranged, and removes non-bamboo fibre organic matter.
Bamboo bar of the present invention: be meant that it is slice about 1.0～10.0mm that thick bamboo tube between bamboo two joint partly is cut into Breadth Maximum.Bamboo is generally used fresh bamboo.
Advantage of the present invention: use to the bamboo bar vacuumize, the physical method expanding treatment of transformation temperature, variation pressure, make in the process of isolating bamboo fiber, can reduce boiling decomposition, microorganism and have active biological enzyme to decompose the needed time, the highly basic in the minimizing boiling or the consumption of strong acid, reduce microorganism and the consumption that active biological enzyme is arranged, from separate the whole technical process of preparation bamboo fiber, save time, energy savings, reduce expenses, reduce pollutions, minimizing production cost, enhance productivity.And can make chemical contamination minimizing in the final products bamboo fiber, obtain the bamboo fiber product of more environmental protection.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, vacuumize the expanding treatment that adds ion and separate the method prepare bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: with former bamboo excision bamboo knot, again the thick bamboo tube squeezing being destroyed thick bamboo tube becomes bulk, with flaker bulk is cut into little bamboo bar again, and bamboo bar diameter is that 3～6mm is advisable, and it is standby to remove the slag thing.
(2) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the heating container, the pressure boiling 15～25 hours of 0.4～2.0Mpa in the container, but also boiling under the condition of normal pressure, boiling 35～55 hours.
(3) vacuumize the expanding treatment that adds ion: the bamboo bar of boiling is positioned in the vacuum tank, the vacuum of in 200～250 ℃ of environment, being pumped into 3.0～4.0Mpa, in vacuum tank, inject a certain ion of hydrogen ion or oxonium ion simultaneously, if injection oxonium ion, then also can inject sulphion or nitrogen ion simultaneously, treat the obvious deliquescing of bamboo bar, stop to inject any ion, and reduce temperature to 30～80 ℃, after vacuum drops to the maximum vacuum that does not influence active biological enzyme, inject in the vacuum tank with the liquid that active biological enzyme is arranged, and gradually vacuum is dropped to atmospheric pressure state, the liquid that makes active biological enzyme sucks the liquid that active biological enzyme is arranged in the bamboo bar micropore because of the draught head of bamboo bar micropore changes in reducing the vacuum process.
(4) there is active biological enzyme to handle: in normal pressure and 30～80 ℃ of environment, the bamboo bar has been immersed in decomposed in the organic microbial bacteria liquid of non-bamboo fibre, can decompose maybe that non-bamboo fibre is organic to be had in the active biological enzyme liquid, have active biological enzyme to decompose the organic usefulness of non-bamboo fibre; Microbial bacteria such as whiterot fungi; Active biological enzyme such as lignoenzyme, pectase, protein enzyme, carbohydrase, lipase etc. are arranged, treat that non-bamboo fibre organic matter has been decomposed after, the organic thing that is decomposed of non-bamboo fibre is removed in water flushing, obtains bamboo fiber.
(5) to becoming the post processing of fiber: carry out combing with comb shape collator and separate bamboo fiber, increase weaving property.Handle also with textile fabric post processings such as the softening of prior art, sclerosis, emulsification, bleachings bamboo fiber is handled, but bamboo fiber is processed into textile fiber.
Pressure change is carried out in embodiment 2, circulation, and vacuumizing the expanding treatment that adds ion, to separate the step that the method prepare bamboo fiber isolates bamboo fiber with bamboo as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of pressure change is carried out in circulation: the bamboo bar is positioned in the high-pressure bottle, at 250～300 ℃ of gaseous environments, 3.5 in the high temperature and high pressure environment of～4.0Mpa pressure, in high-pressure bottle, inject the cooling liquid be lower than 100～200 ℃ of environment in the container or the water smoke of cooling, reduce pressure 0.5～2.0Mpa simultaneously, the water smoke of cooling liquid or cooling is inhaled in the micropore of bamboo bar, produces expansion.And then rise temperature and pressure, the cooling liquid of the low temperature that reinjects or the water smoke of cooling.Find till the obvious deliquescing of bamboo bar.
Through 2～4 250～300 ℃ of gaseous environments, after 3.5 the high temperature and high pressure environment of～4.0Mpa pressure changes, can reduce maximum temperature and pressure and carry out transformation temperature and pressure: at 150～200 ℃ of gaseous environments, 1.0 in the high temperature and high pressure environment of～2.0Mpa pressure, in high-pressure bottle, inject the cooling liquid be lower than 50～100 ℃ of environment in the container or the water smoke of cooling, reduce pressure 0.5～1.0Mpa simultaneously, the water smoke of cooling liquid or cooling is inhaled in the micropore of bamboo bar, produces expansion.And then rise temperature and pressure, the cooling liquid of the low temperature that reinjects or the water smoke of cooling.Find till the obvious deliquescing of bamboo bar.
(3) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 10～20 hours.
(4) vacuumize the expanding treatment that adds ion: be same as embodiment 1.
(5) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(6) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3, be heated with liquid carbon dioxide that to separate the step that the method prepare bamboo fiber isolates bamboo fiber with bamboo as follows for the expanding treatment of gasification " blast ":
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) the liquid carbon dioxide expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of being heated: in the container of high pressure conditions, the bamboo bar is immersed in the liquid carbon dioxide of-20 ℃ of left and right sides temperature and carries out K cryogenic treatment, treat that bamboo bar temperature is same as 10～60 fens kinds of liquid carbon dioxide temperature substantially, and after liquid carbon dioxide penetrates in the bamboo bar micropore in a large number, from high-pressure bottle, extract liquid carbon dioxide fully out, in high-pressure bottle, inject 90～300 ℃ high-temperature water or steam then fast, make the liquid carbon dioxide in the bamboo bar micropore become a large amount of gases rapidly, bamboo bar micropore is produced " blast " effect, make the non-bamboo fibre in the bamboo bar expanded.
Also can be after extracting liquid carbon dioxide out fully from high-pressure bottle, with the high-pressure bottle explosive decompression to normal pressure, fast the bamboo bar of low temperature is put into 90～300 ℃ high-temperature water or steam, make the liquid carbon dioxide in the bamboo bar micropore become a large amount of gases rapidly, bamboo bar micropore is produced " blast " effect, make the non-bamboo fibre in the bamboo bar expanded.
(3) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 10～15 hours.
(4) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(5) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
The expanding treatment that cold water is inhaled in embodiment 4, dry method heating separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of dry method heating suction cold water: under normal pressure, the bamboo bar is put into the micro-wave oven dry method be heated to 250～300 ℃, and after bamboo bar weight reduces 5～20%, the bamboo bar is immersed in inhales cold water reduction temperature in the cold water rapidly, cold water temperature reduces by 150～250 ℃ than dry method heating-up temperature.After treating that the bamboo bar fully absorbs water, repeat the bamboo bar is heated up 250～300 ℃ again, and after bamboo bar weight reduces 10～30%, the bamboo bar is immersed in inhales cold water reduction temperature in the cold water rapidly, cold water temperature reduces by 150～250 ℃ than dry method heating-up temperature.After such 250～300 ℃ of heating, oven dry, the suction repeatedly of boshing water, reduce dry method heating maximum temperature at 90～200 ℃, put into cold water temperature and reduce by 70～150 ℃ cold water than dry method heating-up temperature and absorb water, carry out the dry method heating again, repeat repeatedly transformation temperature and make the suction of bamboo bar.Find till the obvious deliquescing of bamboo bar.
(3) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 10～12 hours.
(4) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(5) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
The expanding treatment that cold water and freezing generation ice crystal are inhaled in embodiment 5, dry method heating separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of dry method heating suction cold water: be same as embodiment 4.
(3) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 10～12 hours.
(4) expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal: in atmospheric pressure environment, the bamboo bar has been placed water logging blister attitude, with bamboo bar temperature place-4～-10 ℃ freezing, allow water in the bamboo bar fully become ice crystal after, again the bamboo bar is put into 90～100 ℃ boiling water and heat, ice crystal is melted.Can repeat the bamboo bar to be cooled to-4～-10 ℃ of freezing brilliant processing of freezing, the boiling water of putting into 90～100 ℃ again heats, and ice crystal is melted, and repeatedly repeats again.With the bamboo bar obviously become very soft till.
(5) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(6) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
The gasification " blast " of being heated of embodiment 6, liquid ammonia, and the expanding treatment that vacuum adds ion separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) the liquid ammonia expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of being heated: in high-pressure bottle, the bamboo bar is immersed in carries out K cryogenic treatment in the liquid ammonia, treat that bamboo bar temperature is same as 30～60 fens kinds of liquid ammonia temperature substantially, and after liquid ammonia penetrates in the bamboo bar micropore in a large number, from high-pressure bottle, extract liquid ammonia fully out, in high-pressure bottle, inject 90～300 ℃ high-temperature water or steam then fast, make the liquid ammonia in the bamboo bar micropore become a large amount of gases rapidly, bamboo bar micropore is produced " blast " effect, make the non-bamboo fibre in the bamboo bar expanded.
Also can be after from high-pressure bottle, extracting liquid ammonia out fully, with the high-pressure bottle explosive decompression to normal pressure, fast the bamboo bar of low temperature is put into 90～300 ℃ high-temperature water or steam, make the liquid ammonia in the bamboo bar micropore become a large amount of gases rapidly, bamboo bar micropore is produced " blast " effect, make the non-bamboo fibre in the bamboo bar expanded.Liquid ammonia itself has decomposition to non-bamboo fibre organic matter.
(3) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 8～10 hours.
(4) vacuum adds the expanding treatment of ion: be same as embodiment 1.
(5) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(6) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
The expanding treatment that pressure change is carried out in embodiment 7, circulation separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of pressure change is carried out in circulation: method is same as embodiment 2, but circulation to carry out the number of times of expanding treatment of pressure change be 10 times.
(3) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(4) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Pressure change is carried out in embodiment 8, circulation, and the expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal: separate the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of pressure change is carried out in circulation: be same as embodiment 2.
(3) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 4～6 hours.
(4) expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal: be same as embodiment 5.
(5) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(6) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9, vacuum add ion, pressure change is carried out in circulation, and the expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of pressure change is carried out in circulation: be same as embodiment 2.
(3) vacuum adds the expanding treatment of ion: be same as embodiment 1.
(4) boiling is handled: the bamboo bar is positioned in the normal pressure heating container, boiling 2～3 hours.
(5) expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal: be same as embodiment 5.
(6) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(7) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Pressure change is carried out in embodiment 10, circulation, and cold water is inhaled in the dry method heating, and freezing generation ice crystal, and the expanding treatment that vacuum adds ion, vacuumize separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) expanding treatment of pressure change is carried out in circulation: be same as embodiment 2.
(3) expanding treatment of dry method heating suction cold water: be same as embodiment 4.
(4) expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal: be same as embodiment 5.
(5) vacuum adds the expanding treatment of ion: be same as embodiment 1.
(6) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(7) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Pressure change is carried out in embodiment 11, circulation, and cold water is inhaled in the dry method heating, and freezing generation ice crystal, and the expanding treatment that vacuum adds ion separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
The step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is as follows:
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(3) expanding treatment of dry method heating suction cold water: be same as embodiment 4.
(2) expanding treatment of pressure change is carried out in circulation: be same as embodiment 2.
(4) the liquid ammonia expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of being heated: be same as embodiment 6.
(5) expanding treatment of freezing generation ice crystal: be same as embodiment 6.
(6) vacuum adds the expanding treatment of ion: be same as embodiment 1.
(7) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(8) vacuumize expanding treatment: the bamboo bar that biology enzyme was handled is positioned in the vacuum tank, in 30～80 ℃ temperature environment, be pumped into the vacuum of 1.0～3.0Mpa, the biology enzyme of inactivation in the sucking-off micropore, water and other material, after making the micropore become the hole state of sky, reduce vacuum to the tolerant maximum vacuum state of active biological enzyme is arranged, inject in the vacuum tank with the liquid that is dissolved with active biological enzyme, and gradually vacuum is dropped to atmospheric pressure state, the liquid that makes active biological enzyme is in reducing the vacuum process, be inhaled in the bamboo bar micropore, promptly use the variation of vacuum, remove in the micropore biology enzyme of inactivation, having in the active biological enzyme swap-in micropore, proceeded active biological enzyme and handled.
(9) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(10) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Pressure change is carried out in embodiment 12, circulation, and cold water is inhaled in the dry method heating, and freezing generation ice crystal, and the expanding treatment that vacuum adds ion separates the method for preparing bamboo fiber
Each step of isolating bamboo fiber with bamboo is same as embodiment 11, but with the be heated expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of (4) liquid ammonia of embodiment 11, changes the be heated expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of (4) liquid nitrogen into, and its processing method is as follows:
(4) the liquid nitrogen expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of being heated: in the liquid nitrogen container, the bamboo bar is immersed in carries out K cryogenic treatment in the liquid nitrogen, treat that bamboo bar temperature is same as 1～5 fen kind of liquid-nitrogen temperature substantially, and after liquid nitrogen penetrates in the bamboo bar micropore in a large number, fast the bamboo bar of low temperature is put into 90～300 ℃ high-temperature water or steam, make the liquid nitrogen in the bamboo bar micropore become a large amount of gases rapidly, bamboo bar micropore is produced " blast " effect, make the non-bamboo fibre in the bamboo bar expanded.
Embodiment 13, circulation are carried out liquid nitrogen and are heated that to prepare the step that the method for bamboo fiber isolates bamboo fiber with bamboo as follows for the expanding treatment separation of gasification " blast ":
(1) pretreatment procedure: be same as embodiment 1.
(2) the be heated expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of liquid nitrogen is carried out in circulation: method is same as enforcement 2, and to carry out the be heated number of times of expanding treatment of gasification " blast " of liquid nitrogen be 4 times but circulate.
(3) there is active biological enzyme to handle: to be same as embodiment 1.
(4) to becoming the post processing of fiber: be same as embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. use the method for preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo, by the priority step, be included as bamboo is blocked and cuts open after the well-thought-out plan bar, the bamboo bar is immersed enzymolysis in the liquid that active biological enzyme is arranged, it is characterized in that: the bamboo bar after being cut into the bamboo bar with enzymolysis step before, the bamboo bar is carried out expanding treatment; Its expanding treatment is that the bamboo bar is vacuumized processing or the bamboo bar is carried out the transformation temperature processing, or the bamboo bar is changed a certain processing that pressure is handled; Or the expanded combined treatment of two or more expanding treatments is arranged, its expanded combined treatment is:
Comprise the expanded combined treatment that vacuumizes processing and transformation temperature processing;
Or comprise vacuumizing and handle and change the expanded combined treatment that pressure is handled;
Or comprise that transformation temperature is handled and the expanded combined treatment of variation pressure processing;
Or comprise that vacuumizing processing and transformation temperature handles and change the expanded combined treatment that pressure is handled;
Describedly vacuumize that to handle be the vacuum environment of the container that the bamboo bar is housed being pumped into 1.0～4.0Mpa;
It is to change the processing of pressure to idle loop border in the bamboo bar container is housed that described variation pressure is handled, the container of putting the bamboo bar add be pressed in 1.0-4.0Mpa pressure after, reduce pressure fast; Or after the container of putting the bamboo bar is pumped into the vacuum of 1.0～4.0Mpa, reduce vacuum fast;
It is the processing that cryogenic liquid is heated up and gasifies that described transformation temperature is handled, the bamboo bar is immersed in the cryogenic liquid between the 5 ℃～liquid-nitrogen temperature, after the bamboo bar is identical with the cryogenic liquid temperature of being soaked, rapidly with the bamboo bar that is cooled, be placed in 10～300 ℃ of environment, temperature gap reaches 50～400 ℃;
Or described transformation temperature to handle be that handle with the cold water cooling dry method heating back, the anhydrous dry method of bamboo bar is heated to 90～300 ℃ after, rapidly the bamboo bar is immersed in and inhales cold water in the cold water and reduce temperature, cold water temperature reduces by 70～250 ℃ than dry method heating-up temperature;
Or described transformation temperature to handle be processing with the freezing generation ice crystal of bamboo bar, the bamboo bar anhydrous or water logging blister attitude arranged, with bamboo bar temperature place-4～-10 ℃ freezing, allow water in the bamboo bar fully become ice crystal after, the bamboo bar is heated up dissolve ice crystal again.
2. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 1 is characterized in that: describedly vacuumize that to handle be the vacuum environment of the container that the bamboo bar is housed being pumped into 1.0～4.0Mpa, and also have ion or plasma in this vacuum environment.
3. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: ion or plasma are hydrogen ion or plasma hydrogen or sodium ion or plasma sodium or potassium ion or plasma potassium or oxonium ion or plasma oxygen or phosphonium ion or plasma phosphorus or sulphion or plasma sulphur or nitrogen ion or plasma nitrogen or chlorion or plasma chlorine.
4. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the processing that high pressure becomes low pressure fast that described variation pressure is handled, at 90～300 ℃ of gaseous environments, 1.0 in the high temperature and high pressure environment of～4.0Mpa pressure, the bamboo bar is put into cooling liquid fast or injected the water smoke gas of cooling liquid or cooling to high temperature and high pressure containers, reduce pressure simultaneously, treat that the bamboo bar fully absorbs water or water smoke after, the temperature of ging up again and pressure; And repeatedly circulation is carried out increasing temperature and pressure and is added decrease temperature and pressure.
5. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 4 is characterized in that: each circulation is boosted strong and the strong pressure difference range of step-down is 1.0～3.0Mpa.
6. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the processing that cryogenic liquid is heated up and gasifies that described transformation temperature is handled, the cryogenic liquid that soaks the bamboo bar is liquid ammonia or liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen, after the temperature of bamboo bar and liquid ammonia or liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen are identical, with the bamboo bar of cryogenic liquid cooling, be placed in 10～300 ℃ of environment rapidly.
7. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the temperature gap that transformation temperature is handled reaches 50～400 ℃
8. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is that handle with the cold water cooling dry method heating back that described transformation temperature is handled, when the anhydrous dry method of bamboo bar is heated to 90～300 ℃, and after bamboo bar weight reduces 5～30%, the bamboo bar is immersed in inhales cold water reduction temperature in the cold water rapidly.
9. the method with preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo according to claim 8 is characterized in that: cold water temperature hangs down 70～250 ℃ than the temperature gap of the preceding bamboo bar temperature of suction.
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| CN 201010205543 CN101864602A (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2010-06-08 | Method for preparing bamboo fibers by separating bamboo |
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| CN103506084A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-15 | 中原工学院 | Preparation method of bamboo fiber/expanded graphite composite fiber adsorbing material |
| CN105086943A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏锦宇环境工程有限公司 | Preparation method for bamboo carbon fiber snow-melting agent |
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| CN105908263A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-31 | 朱兰英 | Method for preparing garlic bolt leaf fibers |
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| CN105839417A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-10 | 朱兰英 | Garlic sprout leaf fiber |
| WO2018119834A1 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | 张毅 | Clean production method for bamboo fibres |
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| CN108060603A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-22 | 浙江大铭新材料股份有限公司 | The paper technology of distiller's yeast fermentation bamboo |
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| CN114277598A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-04-05 | 赣南师范大学 | Preparation method of hollow and porous hybrid cells and bamboo dissolving pulp |
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