CN114044832A - Method for extracting phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food, and particularly relates to a method for extracting phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide; crushing the dried phellinus igniarius sporocarp by a crusher, sieving, putting the crushed phellinus igniarius sporocarp into a steam explosion device to finish explosion, collecting a sample subjected to steam explosion, putting the sample into a drying oven, drying, crushing, performing ethanol precipitation treatment on the crushed phellinus igniarius sporocarp, redissolving the precipitate, and performing microwave and ultrasonic treatment on the redissolved precipitate to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide. The steam explosion pretreatment and the microwave and ultrasonic combined treatment further promote the dissolution of phellinus igniarius sporophore substances, the yield reaches 8.1 percent, the industrial cost is low, the production cycle time is short, the integrity of polysaccharide is ensured, and the phellinus igniarius sporophore is safe, green and nontoxic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide, and belongs to the technical field of food.
Background
Phellinus Igniarius, also known as Morus alba (L.) Link, is a precious perennial large medicinal fungus. Sang Huang is recorded in Yao xing Lun and has the actions of activating blood, stopping bleeding, resolving fluid retention and checking diarrhea. It is statistically determined that phellinus linteus is mainly distributed abroad in korea, southeast asia, australia, america, etc., and domestically in northeast, northwest, southwest, etc. The Phellinus linteus contains active ingredients such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, polyphenols, steroids, pyrones and alkaloids, wherein the polysaccharides, flavonoids and triterpenes are main functional active ingredients of Phellinus linteus. Phellinus igniarius attracts wide attention because of its remarkable pharmacological functions of resisting tumor, resisting oxidation, regulating immunity, resisting inflammation, reducing blood sugar, etc. . Phellinus linteus polysaccharides can be present in Phellinus linteus fruiting body, fermentation broth and mycelium. The growth period of wild phellinus igniarius is long, and long time is needed for growing the wild phellinus igniarius into a size suitable for medicinal use.
Steam Explosion (Steam Explosion) is a technology for preprocessing biomass by using an Explosion process realized by a Steam ejection principle. The physical treatment method is characterized in that the material is placed in a high-pressure closed environment by steam explosion, superheated steam is used for heating the material to a higher temperature, the material is instantly decompressed after being kept for a plurality of seconds or a plurality of minutes under a certain pressure, and the material generates an explosion effect along with sudden pressure drop and water vaporization. The fiber in the plant cell is bonded by lignin, and under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the crystallinity of the cellulose is improved, the degree of polymerization is reduced, the hemicellulose is partially degraded, the lignin is softened, the transverse connection strength is reduced, and even the cellulose is softened and plastic. When the pressure steam filled material is suddenly reduced, the pores are suddenly expanded to produce blasting effect, and part of lignin can be stripped to make its permeability become strong, so that it is more favorable for extracting polysaccharide active substance.
At present, the existing phellinus igniarius polysaccharide dissolving method is imperfect and has certain defects, for example, CN101323648A discloses a method for extracting crude phellinus igniarius polysaccharide and a method for purifying phellinus igniarius polysaccharide, which utilize an ultrasonic extraction method to extract the crude phellinus igniarius polysaccharide from phellinus igniarius sporocarp and further purify the phellinus igniarius polysaccharide by a high-speed counter-current chromatography. The yield of the crude phellinus igniarius polysaccharide reaches 6 percent of the crude drug.
For example, CN107141365A provides a method for purifying phellinus linteus polysaccharide with high efficiency by repeatedly increasing and decreasing pressure. The method comprises the steps of freezing, grinding and refining phellinus igniarius sporocarp, dispersing and swelling in deionized water, adding a surfactant to completely disperse the fine phellinus igniarius to form emulsion, and placing the emulsion in a reaction kettle. Heating the emulsion to a certain temperature on the premise of ensuring the stability of the emulsion, and then repeatedly pressurizing and vacuumizing the emulsion to ensure that the phellinus igniarius polysaccharides are efficiently dissolved out. Then, the emulsion was broken by adding salt, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation to obtain phellinus linteus polysaccharide. The extraction rate of the polysaccharide is 4.48-5.86%.
The method has the problems of low polysaccharide yield, unstable extraction time, too short extraction time, incomplete polysaccharide extraction, and too long extraction time, which not only increases energy consumption, but also deteriorates the stability of polysaccharide substances, thereby reducing the polysaccharide yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low extraction yield, serious product homogenization phenomenon, low added value and the like of the traditional phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide extraction method, the invention provides a method for improving the extraction rate of phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide by utilizing steam explosion.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing phellinus igniarius sporocarp by a crusher, and sieving with a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp powder; further pulverizing the pulverized Phellinus linteus fruiting body coarse powder with an ultrafine pulverizer to obtain Phellinus linteus submicron powder;
(2) rehydrating the phellinus igniarius submicron powder, loading into a steam explosion device, performing steam explosion treatment, collecting a sample, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain steam explosion powder;
(3) adding steam exploded powder into water to obtain Phellinus igniarius sporophore solution, adding cellulase, heating in water bath for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain mixed solution. Centrifuging to obtain supernatant, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution.
(4) Mixing the concentrated solution with an ethanol solution, standing for 5-12 h, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate;
(5) mixing the precipitate obtained in the step (4) with water, performing microwave-assisted extraction, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering, and concentrating to obtain a primary phellinus igniarius polysaccharide extract;
(6) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the primary phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide extract in the step (5), cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering, concentrating, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide. Preferably, in the step (1), the phellinus linteus fruit body is crushed by a crusher and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve.
Preferably, in the step (2), the phellinus linteus fruit body powder is subjected to rehydration treatment according to 30-90% of rehydration proportion.
Preferably, in (3), the steam explosion treatment conditions are as follows: and maintaining the pressure for 30-180 s by steam explosion under the steam pressure of 0.3-1.5 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass of the cellulase is 0.5% of that of the phellinus igniarius solid solution; the temperature of the enzymolysis treatment is 65 ℃, and the time of the enzymolysis treatment is 2 hours.
Preferably, in (4), the steam exploded powder is mixed with the ethanol solution at a ratio of 1: 10.
Preferably, in (5), the precipitate is mixed with water according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 30.
Preferably, in the step (5), the microwave-assisted extraction power is 600w, and the time is 30-150 s.
Preferably, in the step (6), the power of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 800W, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2-10 min.
The steam explosion treatment promotes the dissolution of polysaccharide of phellinus igniarius sporocarp, and then microwave and ultrasonic treatment are respectively carried out, so that the yield is improved again, and experiments prove that the extraction improvement effect of the polysaccharide by ultrasonic is stronger, probably because the activity loss of the polysaccharide is smaller because the temperature change is not large in the ultrasonic treatment process, and the microwave treatment faces the problem of high-temperature damage. The invention comprehensively considers the three processing parameters and realizes the dissolution of polysaccharide of phellinus igniarius sporocarp to a larger extent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the processing method of the invention adopts three combined pretreatment modes of steam explosion, microwave and ultrasound, realizes the large dissolution of phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide, and the yield reaches 8.1 percent;
drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of microwave time on polysaccharide yield of Phellinus linteus fruiting body;
FIG. 2 is the effect of ultrasound time on Phellinus linteus polysaccharide yield;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different pretreatment methods on the yield of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention provides a steam explosion assistance-based phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide extraction method, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) crushing phellinus igniarius sporocarp by a crusher, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp powder;
(2) putting the phellinus igniarius sporocarp powder obtained in the step (1) into a steam explosion device according to the rehydration proportion of 30%, completing steam explosion treatment under the conditions that the steam pressure is 0.6MPa and the steam explosion pressure maintaining time is 180s, collecting a steam exploded sample, placing the steam exploded sample in an oven, drying, crushing, and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve for treatment;
(3) dissolving the powder in water, adding 0.5% cellulase, heating in water bath at 65 deg.C for enzymolysis for 2 hr, and inactivating enzyme to obtain mixed solution. Centrifuging to obtain supernatant, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution.
(4) Mixing the concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) with an ethanol solution at a ratio of 1:10, standing for 12h, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate;
(5) mixing the precipitate obtained in the step (4) with water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:30, performing microwave-assisted extraction under the condition of microwave power of 600W for 90s, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering, and concentrating to obtain a primary phellinus igniarius polysaccharide extract;
(6) mixing the phellinus igniarius polysaccharide extract obtained in the step (5) with water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:30, carrying out ultrasonic-assisted extraction, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6min under the condition of ultrasonic power of 800W, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering, concentrating, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain phellinus igniarius fruiting body polysaccharide.
Example 2
In order to study the influence of rehydration rate on the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus fruiting body, the following tests were performed:
setting rehydration rate at 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, steam explosion pressure stabilization time at 90s and steam explosion pressure at 0.9MPa, pretreating Phellinus linteus fruiting body, collecting steam-exploded sample, and oven drying at 70 deg.C for 8 hr. Extracting according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1:30, centrifuging, filtering and concentrating to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide.
The data of polysaccharide extraction rate of Phellinus linteus fruiting body obtained with different rehydration rates are processed in summary as shown in Table 1.
Example 3
In order to research the influence of the steam explosion pressure stabilizing time on the extraction rate of phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide, the following tests are carried out:
setting steam explosion pressure stabilization time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180s) and steam explosion pressure of 0.9MPa to pretreat phellinus igniarius sporocarp, collecting a sample after steam explosion, and drying in an oven at 70 ℃ for 8 hours. Extracting according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1:30, centrifuging, filtering and concentrating to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide.
The data of polysaccharide extraction rate of Phellinus linteus fruiting body obtained by different steam explosion pressure stabilizing time are summarized and processed as shown in Table 1.
Example 4
In order to study the influence of steam explosion pressure on the extraction rate of polysaccharide from phellinus igniarius sporophore, the following tests were performed:
setting steam explosion pressure at 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5MPa, stabilizing pressure for 90s, pretreating Phellinus Linteus fruiting body, collecting steam exploded sample, and oven drying at 70 deg.C for 8 hr. Extracting according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1:30, centrifuging, filtering and concentrating to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide.
The data of polysaccharide extraction rate of Phellinus linteus fruiting body obtained by different steam explosion pressure are processed in summary, as shown in Table 1.
Example 5
In order to optimize the extraction of microwave phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide, the following tests are carried out:
adopting microwave-assisted extraction method, selecting microwave for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150s under the conditions of material-liquid ratio of 1:30g/mL and microwave power of 600W, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering and concentrating to obtain Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide.
The data of polysaccharide extraction rate of Phellinus linteus fruiting body obtained at different microwave treatment time are processed together as shown in FIG. 1.
Example 6
For the ultrasonic optimization of the extraction of phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide, the following tests are carried out:
ultrasonic-assisted extraction is adopted, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10min under the conditions that the material-liquid ratio is 1:30g/mL and the ultrasonic power is 800W, the obtained product is cooled to room temperature, and the phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide is obtained through centrifugation, filtration and concentration.
The data of polysaccharide extraction rate of Phellinus linteus fruiting body obtained at different ultrasonic treatment time are processed together as shown in FIG. 2.
Orthogonal experiment:
selecting 3 factors including rehydration rate, steam explosion pressure stabilization time and steam explosion pressure on the basis of single-factor test results, and performing L9 (3) on the obtained Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide with 3 levels (shown in Table 1) and the obtained Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide yield as index3) And (5) optimizing an orthogonal test and determining the optimal extraction condition.
Table 1: level meter for orthogonal test factors
Table 2: level meter for orthogonal test factors
From the results (FIG. 3), it was found by the worst analysis that the primary and secondary order of the influence of the experimental factors on the polysaccharide yield of Phellinus linteus fruiting body is B>C>A, i.e. steam explosion time>Rate of rehydration>The pressure of steam explosion. According to the k value, the optimal combination is A3B3C1Namely, the steam explosion pressure is 1.0MPa, the steam explosion time is 100s, and the rehydration rate is 30 percent. Verified, as shown in Table 2, here the barThe yield of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide under the condition is 4.35 percent, and is improved by 115 percent compared with the yield of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide before steam explosion.
The extraction rate of the polysaccharide of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp is positively correlated with the extraction time within 30-120 s of microwave time, and the effect of microwave on damaging the cell wall of phellinus igniarius is better along with the increase of the microwave time, so that the extraction efficiency of the polysaccharide is increased. The polysaccharide extraction amount of Phellinus linteus fruiting body reaches maximum value within 120s of microwave time, and is inversely proportional to microwave time. The extraction time is too short, the polysaccharide extraction is incomplete, the energy consumption is increased due to the too long extraction time, and the stability of polysaccharide substances is deteriorated, so that the polysaccharide yield is reduced. Therefore, the microwave treatment time is recommended to be maintained at 120 s.
After the phellinus igniarius sporocarp is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 2 min, 4 min, 6min and 8min, the polysaccharide yield is respectively 2.1%, 2.9%, 3.8% and 5.5%, and within 8min of treatment time, the polysaccharide yield is increased along with the extension of the treatment time. The permeation rate of the polysaccharide can be accelerated by means of a cavitation effect generated by ultrasonic waves. When the time is prolonged to 10min, the yield of polysaccharide is slightly reduced to 5.0%. It is presumed that the ultrasonic wave acts for a long time to destroy a part of the molecular structure of the polysaccharide, resulting in a decrease in the extraction rate of the polysaccharide. Compared with microwave, the improvement of the yield of polysaccharide by ultrasonic is stronger than that of microwave.
When several extraction modes are combined, the yield of phellinus igniarius polysaccharide is obviously improved. The yield of polysaccharide of untreated sample is only 0.2% after extraction, and the yield of polysaccharide is 0.41% after steam explosion treatment, which is improved by 1 time. The yield of the polysaccharide of the sample subjected to the gas explosion treatment is slightly lower than that of the polysaccharide subjected to the combined treatment of the ultrasonic and the microwave by 4.6 percent. After steam explosion treatment, microwave treatment and ultrasonic treatment are respectively carried out, the obtained yield is 5.8 percent and 6.6 percent respectively, which indicates that the polysaccharide extraction improvement effect is stronger by ultrasonic treatment, probably because the activity loss of the polysaccharide is smaller because the temperature change is not large in the ultrasonic treatment process, and the microwave treatment faces the problem of high-temperature damage. After three modes of steam explosion, microwave and ultrasound are combined, the maximum polysaccharide yield is 8.1%.
Example 7
After the pretreatment in example 1, the phellinus igniarius submicron powder is not subjected to steam explosion treatment, direct enzymolysis treatment is performed according to the enzymolysis conditions in example 1, the yield of polysaccharide is only 2.56%, after the steam explosion treatment, the enzymolysis treatment is performed, the yield of polysaccharide is 4.58%, the yield of polysaccharide is improved by 78.9%, and the enzymolysis treatment has an obvious effect of improving the yield of polysaccharide.
Example 8
The influence of the enzymolysis sequence on the polysaccharide yield is compared, and two comparison items are set:
the procedures of example 1 were followed, and the order of enzymolysis and steam explosion was interchanged. Enzymolysis and steam explosion are carried out firstly, and the yield of the polysaccharide is 3.28 percent; the polysaccharide yield is 5.01 percent by performing the steam explosion and then performing the enzymolysis, which indicates that the improvement of the polysaccharide yield is more facilitated by performing the steam explosion and then performing the enzymolysis, the cracking of the sporocarp tissue fiber is more facilitated by performing the steam explosion treatment, the contact area with the enzyme is increased, and the polysaccharide yield is improved.
Claims (9)
1. The method for extracting the phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) crushing phellinus igniarius sporocarp by a crusher, and sieving with a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp powder; further pulverizing the pulverized Phellinus linteus fruiting body coarse powder with an ultrafine pulverizer to obtain Phellinus linteus submicron powder;
(2) rehydrating the phellinus igniarius submicron powder, loading into a steam explosion device, performing steam explosion treatment, collecting a sample, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain steam explosion powder;
(3) adding steam exploded powder into water to obtain Phellinus igniarius sporophore solution, adding cellulase, heating in water bath for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain mixed solution;
centrifuging to obtain supernatant, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain concentrated solution;
(4) mixing the concentrated solution with an ethanol solution, standing for 5-12 h, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate;
(5) mixing the precipitate obtained in the step (4) with water, performing microwave-assisted extraction, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering, and concentrating to obtain a primary phellinus igniarius polysaccharide extract;
(6) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the primary phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide extract in the step (5), cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, filtering, concentrating, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain phellinus igniarius sporocarp polysaccharide.
2. The method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), Phellinus linteus fruiting body is pulverized by pulverizer and sieved with 80 mesh sieve.
3. The method for extracting polysaccharide from fruit bodies of Phellinus linteus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the Phellinus linteus ultra-fine powder is rehydrated, the mass-to-volume ratio of Phellinus linteus ultra-fine powder to water is 1: 30.
4. The method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), steam explosion treatment conditions are as follows: and maintaining the pressure for 30-180 s by steam explosion under the steam pressure of 0.3-1.5 MPa.
5. The method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the steam exploded powder is mixed with ethanol solution at a ratio of 1: 10.
6. The method for extracting polysaccharides from fruit bodies of Phellinus linteus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the mass of cellulase is 0.5% of the mass of Phellinus linteus fruit body solution; the temperature of the enzymolysis treatment is 65 ℃, and the time of the enzymolysis treatment is 2 hours.
7. The method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the precipitate is mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 30.
8. The method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the power of microwave-assisted extraction is 600w and the time is 30-150 s.
9. The method for extracting Phellinus linteus fruiting body polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6), the power of ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 800W, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2-10 min.
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