CN101864601A - Method suitable for drying bombyx mori cocoons with long cocoon silks and fine sizes - Google Patents
Method suitable for drying bombyx mori cocoons with long cocoon silks and fine sizes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for drying bombyx mori cocoons, in particular to a method suitable for drying bombyx mori cocoons with long cocoon silks and fine sizes. A conventional cocoon drying device is adopted, primary drying treatment, reducing treatment and secondary drying treatment are performed after cocoons are harvested, and dry cocoons are stored. The primary drying treatment comprises the following step of: performing primary drying on harvested cocoons at the temperature of between 103 and 107 DEG C for 2 hours and 30 minutes to 2 hours and 50 minutes until half-dried cocoons account for 65 percent (spring) or 60 percent (middle autumn or late autumn) of total cocoons; the reducing treatment comprises the following step of: reducing the half-dried cocoons for 108 to 132 hours; and the secondary drying treatment comprises the following step of: performing secondary drying on the half-dried cocoons at the temperature lowered from 98 to 100 DEG C to 69 to 71 DEG C for 2 hours and 50 minutes to 3 hours and 10 minutes and discharging the dried cocoons. After the bombyx mori cocoons with long cocoon silks and fine sizes are dried by the process, the reelability percentage of the bombyx mori cocoons can be greatly enhanced. Therefore, the process has great application value in realizing the batch production of high-grade raw silks in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cocoon drying process of a kind of mulberry cocoon, be specifically related to the fine-titred mulberry cocoon cocoon drying process of a kind of suitable elongated cocoon silk.
Background technology
Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) by artificial domestication more than 5700 year, belongs to Lepidoptera Bombycidae complete metamorphosis in China, comprises four worm attitudes of ovum, larva, pupa and adult (moth) from generation to generation.Larva weaves silk to the later stage and cocoons, and mulberry cocoon can be used for reel silk from cocoons system raw silk, and raw silk is important silk spinning raw material.
Utilize heat energy to kill silkworm chrysalis alive in the bright cocoon cocoon chamber in the throwing process, and remove amount of water, bright cocoon oven dry is become the technical process of dried cocoon, be commonly called as cocoon drying.Dry purpose is to prevent silk cocoon lay up period nymphosis moth alive; the parasitic fly blow that the silkworm body is left over goes out maggot and pupal cell rots and the damage cocoon layer, also makes the ease of solubility matter of cocoon layer outer silk gum of appropriate change after Overheating Treatment simultaneously, strengthens the cocoon cooking resistivity; separating of protection cocoon is easypro, helps filature and storage.In the cocoon drying process, should adopt rational temperature, humidity and wind speed according to the characteristic of silk cocoon, avoid the excessive sex change of silk gum, reach suitable and do evenly, save cocoon quality from damage.
Drying rule: silk cocoon mainly is made up of cocoon layer and pupal cell.Cocoon layer weight only accounts for 18～24% in the general bright cocoon.Contain large quantity of moisture in the bright cocoon, will remove about 60 kilograms of moisture when common 100 kilograms of bright cocoons dry by the fire optimum drying cocoon approximately.Bright cocoon water content of cocoon shell is about about 13～15% under the normal condition, and the pupal cell moisture content is about about 73～77%.So cocoon drying mainly is the moisture of removing in the pupal cell, and cocoon layer only loses small amount of moisture.
The cocoon drying process is divided into three phases such as preheating, the constant rate of drying and falling rate of drying: 1. warm-up phase is that heat energy penetrates by cocoon layer and kills pupal cell in the cocoon chamber, makes pupal cell moisture enter the evaporation phase to bright cocoon heating.2. constant-rate drying period, be the pupal cell water evaporation quantity at most, evaporation rate the fastest period.In this period, the diffusion velocity of pupal cell moisture and cocoon layer surface evaporation speed are in poised state, the cocoon layer temperature is lower than the air themperature in the hothouse, and the pupal cell temperature is lower than the cocoon layer temperature again, last till when pupal cell moisture diffusion speed lags behind cocoon layer surface evaporation speed gradually always till.3. decreasing drying rate period is that moisture reduces gradually in the cocoon, evaporation rate corresponding slack-off period.In this period, the temperature of cocoon is elevated to the temperature near hot-air gradually.When the start vaporizer of pupal cell inside, falling rate of drying promptly changes second stage over to by the phase I, till drying finishes.
In the prior art, the cocoon drying method has two kinds of straight dry method and dry method again.Straight dry method is once baked optimum drying cocoon with bright cocoon, claims dry method again one time.This method can be simplified drying process, reduces cocoon quality damage chance, and shortcoming is that the utilization rate of drying equipment is low, and bright cocoon overstocks easily.Dry method claims dry method again twice again, earlier bright cocoon baking rate is about for the first time till the half-dried cocoon about 60%, is commonly called as " primary drying "; Property also: mulberry cocoon needs to stack 3～4 back balance moisture round the clock after the primary drying cocoon drying, improve the uniform drying degree, and this operating process is called also property; Dry by the fire suitable doing with lower temperature more for the second time, be commonly called as " two dash ".This method can improve the utilization rate of uniform drying degree and drying equipment, is the method that China generally adopts at present.
The main technique condition of cocoon drying has five of temperature, humidity, wind speed, shop cocoon amount and the drying times etc. of hot-air.Wherein temperature, humidity, wind speed are bigger to cocoon drying speed and dried cocoon quality influence, must meet the water evaporates rule in dry each stage, should reduce gradually from high to low as temperature, and humidity is heightened gradually by low, and wind speed is descending to be turned down gradually.Shop cocoon amount generally is advisable to be no more than 2 half cocoon height of accumbency by shop cocoon thickness, adopts and vertically penetrates the heated air circulation type drying machine of air-flow to be no more than 3 high being advisable.Drying time, " primary drying " and " two dash " generally was about 3 hours, directly did about 5 hours half to 6 hour.
Degree of drying: the cocoon drying degree had always, oldly, tender excessively, tender partially partially, suitable multiple difference such as do.Optimum drying cocoon helps filature and storage; Tender partially or cross tender cocoon and separate and relax better, but raw silk cleaning, clean level are poor, and be difficult to storage; Old partially or mistake callus is separated Shu Buliang, and the filature difficulty increases the reel silk from cocoons folding.The check of degree of drying has measurement Law and naked eyes to test two kinds of pupa methods: 1. measurement Law is with baking rate or baking folding expression: the baking rate is a dried cocoon (or half-dried cocoon) and the percentage of the ratio of bright cocoon weight; Baking folding needs jin number with bright cocoon for baking 100 jin of dried cocoons (or half-dried cocoon).During calculating, dried cocoon is as the criterion to go out 48 hours later weight of kitchen range (machine).2. test the pupa method, cut cocoon open the taking-up pupal cell, test pupa with finger and judge its degree of drying.After going out kitchen range, dried cocoon tests in 2～20 days.Suitable doing: pupal cell stays oil, presses a little firmly that to pinch be crumble into fractions or crisp granular, and that picks up can be rolled into the line spices bar, and refers to dye oil.Tender partially: pupal cell heavy oil, press and pinch flakiness or be cleaved into magma, have greasy property.Cross tender: pupal cell is soft, and disconnected slurry is pressed and pinched into pie or broken skin is promptly seen thick slurry.Old partially: pupal cell is pressed and is pinched powdering, refers to oily dirt free, and that picks up can not be rolled into the line spices bar.Cross old: pupal cell is hard, does not have oil, is difficult for pressing broken.
Drying equipment: be divided into cocoon drying kitchen range and drying machine two big classes.Form for auxiliary equipments such as device of air and fan by cocoon drying chamber (hothouse), thermal source (heating) device, row.
The cocoon drying kitchen range is a square block masonry, and fan car kitchen range is representative a kind of, uses the most extensive.With burning anthracite direct heating, cause the advection heat cocoon drying with fan again.Advantage is easy and simple to handle, and drying is even substantially, and the cocoon drying ability is big, and fuel is economized.Shortcoming is that " two dash " after-stage temperature is difficult for being reduced to below 80 ℃.
Drying machine have push type, vapour heat-circulation type, heated air circulation type etc. several.Pusher drying machine is a brick tunnel type, and there is inlet/outlet at two ends, and both sides have fan and row to give device of air.Heat-supplying mode have burning hot formula, steam heat type, hot air type etc. several.(import) high back (outlet) was low before built-in temperature distributed.Silk cocoon is loaded on the cocoon car and intermittently advances every about 30 minutes, finishes drying to the port of export.
Vapour heat-circulation type drying machine has patterns such as 6 layers, 8 layers, 10 layers, establishes cocoon net one deck for every layer.Hothouse is rectangle, both sides and exit cocoon some groups in the fan that is equipped with off the net.The direction of motion of adjacent layer cocoon net is opposite, transfers silk cocoon.The steam pipe heat supply is arranged between the cocoon net, and built-in temperature is distributed, and upward relative superiority or inferiority is low.Bright cocoon is entered in the machine by the superiors advances gradually, successively falls then, finishes drying to the orlop port of export.
The heated air circulation type drying machine also has patterns such as 6 layers, 8 layers, 10 layers, and large scale computer is about 20～22 meters, and minicomputer is about about 10 meters.Structure and using method and vapour heat-circulation type drying machine are basic identical, but do not establish fan and steam pipe in the machine.Air is sent into after heating by machine is outer.Be divided into upper and lower two Room or three Room, upper, middle and lower in the machine, be divided into high temperature, middle gentle low temperature three districts.The outer both sides of machine are provided with respectively distinguishes air heater and equipment such as air-supply, air draft and residual heat recovery, and other has the automatic control of humiture and advances cocoon automatically, goes out devices such as cocoon, pack, is reasonable cocoon drying type.
In recent years, along with the demand of international market to the high-grade raw silk increases, need improve silk quality from the source of silkworm breed breeding.The silk length of at present existing kind is about 1100M, and the size of cocoon filament is (annotate: fiber number: represent the thickness degree of silk, unit is DENIER (D), and promptly 9000 meters filament lengths weigh 1 gram, are decided to be 1 DENIER (D)) about 3.0D, and reel silk from cocoons system high-grade raw silk is difficulty relatively.Seed selection through kind, the domestic silk length of having bred is about 1500M, the new varieties (Su Xiu * spring rich etc.) of fiber number about 2.4D, but because the technology of cocoon drying still adopts (the 100 ℃ of flat warm cocoon dryings of primary drying of traditional technology, two dash and to reduce to 80 ℃ by 100 ℃ and go out kitchen range, and half-dried cocoon is property time 96h also.The real baking time 2h40min of primary drying, two towards real baking time 2h50min).New varieties are owing to silk is carefully grown, and cocoon layer is thick, cause reelability percentage lower (below 68%), influence the production of high-grade raw silk.
In order to adapt to the needs in market, develop the cocoon drying process that is fit to elongated cocoon silk fine denier mulberry cocoon, to realize the production of high-grade raw silk.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk that is applicable to.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk that is applicable to, adopt common cocoon-baker, the laggard wardrobe of harvesting of cocoon dash and handle, also property processing, two is dashed and handled, preserve dried cocoon then, the step that described primary drying is handled is: 105 ± 2 ℃ of flat warm cocoon dryings of primary drying, and real baking time 2h40min ± 10min, baking to half-dried cocoon becomes several 6.5 one-tenth (spring) to 6 one-tenth (mid-autumn or late falls); The step of described also property processing is: half-dried cocoon is property time 120h ± 12h also; Described two steps of dash handling are: two dash and reduce to 70 ± 1 ℃ by 100 ± 2 ℃ and go out kitchen range, and two towards real baking time 3h ± 10min.
In the technique scheme, the preparation of cocoon-baker can be adopted the cocoon-baker of all models of present production employing.
In the technique scheme, gather the mulberry cocoon that silkworm was placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons 5～7 days, it is to finish for the mulberry cocoon is weaved silk that bad cocoon, 5～7 days time are removed in choosing, pupates fully; It is representative in order to take a sample that bad cocoon is removed in choosing.
In the technique scheme, during primary drying was handled, flat mulberry cocoon vertical height of assisting on shelf was no more than 3, and cocoon drying is heated evenly; 105 ± 2 ℃ of flat warm cocoon dryings of primary drying, the time length of real baking time 2h40min+10min can be according to the one-tenth number decision of half-dried cocoon; Adopt 105 ± 2 ℃ of flat warm cocoon dryings of primary drying little, workable than the temperature range of traditional handicraft (95～105 ℃); The higher pupal cell moisture rapid evaporation that makes of temperature helps separating easypro raising.
In the technique scheme, also property processing: half-dried cocoon is property time 120h ± 12h also, and primary drying requires fully cooling after going out kitchen range, and the dress basket of selecting silkworm again helps carrying high reelability; Also to turn over half-dried cocoon every day once in the property processing procedure, make and property is even.
In the technique scheme, two dash and to reduce to 70 ± 1 ℃ by 100 ± 2 ℃ and go out kitchen range, and two towards real baking time 3h ± 10min, and particularly, cooling is handled and finished in cocoon drying begins 1h, and 70 ± 1 ℃ of cocoon drying 2h ± 10min can carry high reelability for elongated cocoon silk fine denier kind then.
In the technique scheme, mulberry cocoon after drying also can adopt conventional storage practice to preserve.
Because the utilization of above-mentioned technology, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
Because primary drying temperature of the present invention is higher; Also the property time is long partially; Two spin temperature soon, and the second stage of temperature is lower, and this technology is suitable for the cocoon drying of elongated cocoon silk fine denier silkworm and mulberry cocoon to be handled, and reelability percentage is reached more than 78%, compares with the technique effect that adopts prior art to obtain and has produced significant raising.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: the fine-titred mulberry cocoon cocoon drying process of a kind of suitable elongated cocoon silk
(1) material and equipment
For examination silkworm kind is that Su Xiu * spring is rich, and conventional method is raised to cocooing, and adopts grid a small bundle of straw, etc. for silkworms to spin cocoons on to be placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, and environment designs according to the requirement of " Chinese sericulture " (chief editor of Inst. of Silkworm, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1991 versions) in a small bundle of straw, etc. for silkworms to spin cocoons on; Cocoon-baker electric heating close drying case (model: AC-2B).
(2) harvesting of cocoon:
Gather the silkworm back 7 days mulberry cocoon (spring) that is placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, bad cocoon is removed in choosing.
(3) cocoon drying handles 1:
Primary drying: the temperature of drying box is risen to 105 ℃, and silk cocoon tiling (vertically being no more than 3) is put into case Nei Pingwen cocoon drying on shelf, and cocoon drying time 2h40min, half-dried cocoon become number to reach 6.5 one-tenth to stop cocoon drying.
Property also: half-dried cocoon is put ventilation cooling 30min, adorn go back property of basket respectively, stir once half-dried cocoon every day, and the 120 hours time of property.
Two dash: the temperature of drying box is risen to 100 ℃, and half-dried cocoon tiling (vertically being no more than 3) on shelf, is put into the case cocoon drying, lowers the temperature with speed with 1 ℃/2min, reaches 70 ℃ behind the 1h, goes out cocoon after adopting 70 ℃ of continuous cocoon drying 2h of constant temperature again.
(3) cocoon drying handles 2:
Primary drying: the temperature of drying box is risen to 107 ℃, and silk cocoon tiling (vertically being no more than 3) is put into case Nei Pingwen cocoon drying on shelf, and cocoon drying time 2h50min, half-dried cocoon become number to reach 6.5 one-tenth to stop cocoon drying.
Property also: half-dried cocoon is put ventilation cooling 30min, adorn go back property of basket respectively, stir once half-dried cocoon every day, and the 132 hours time of property.
Two dash: the temperature of drying box is risen to 102 ℃, and half-dried cocoon tiling (vertically being no more than 3) on shelf, is put into the case cocoon drying, lowers the temperature with speed with 1 ℃/2min, reaches 71 ℃ behind the 1h, goes out cocoon after adopting 70 ℃ of continuous cocoon drying 2h10min of constant temperature again.
(5) cocoon drying control treatment
The flat warm cocoon dryings of 100 ℃ of primary dryings, two dash and reduce to 80 ℃ by 100 ℃ and go out kitchen range, and half-dried cocoon is property time 96h also.The real baking time 2h40min of primary drying, two towards real baking time 2h50min, and two dash the preceding 30min of end reaches 80 ℃.
(6) silk cocoon storage and silk quality detect
Storage: dried cocoon preserves in room temperature, in the environment of drying, shading
Silk quality detects: trial zone after adopting new technology and check plot sample cocoon send sericulture there product quality supervision and inspection test center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Zhenjiang) to carry out silk quality and detect, and it is as follows to detect achievement:
Sericulture there product quality supervision and inspection test center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Zhenjiang) separates the cleanliness detection list of results that relaxes
Annotate: [carry out State Standard of the People's Republic of China (GB/T9176-2006; GB/T9111-2006; GB/T1798-2008)]; Check-Out Time: in August, 2009;
Last data are shown: adopting new technology to significantly improve reelability percentage, and the average level of processing one and processing two improves 26.41 percentage points than the check plot, and the length of non broken filament of simple grain mulberry cocoon increases 422.5M.
Adopt this technology, the fine-titred mulberry cocoon of elongated cocoon silk is carried out cocoon drying handle, can increase substantially the reelability percentage of mulberry cocoon,, have important use and be worth for the batch process that realizes China's high-grade raw silk.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is applicable to the fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk, adopt common cocoon-baker, the laggard wardrobe of harvesting of cocoon dash and handle, also property processing, two is dashed and handled, preserve dried cocoon then, it is characterized in that, the step that described primary drying is handled is: primary drying 105 ± 2 flat temperature cocoon dryings, and real baking time 2h40min ± 10min, baking to half-dried cocoon becomes several 6.5 one-tenth to 6 one-tenth; The step of described also property processing is: half-dried cocoon is property time 120h ± 12h also; Described two steps of dash handling are: two dash and reduce to 70 ± 1 ℃ by 100 ± 2 and go out kitchen range, and two towards real baking time 3h ± 10min.
2. the fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk that is applicable to according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during primary drying was handled, flat mulberry cocoon vertical height of assisting on shelf was no more than 3.
3. the fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk that is applicable to according to claim 1 is characterized in that the harvesting of cocoon step is: gather the mulberry cocoon that silkworm was placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons 5～7 days, bad cocoon is removed in choosing.
4. the fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk that is applicable to according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also will turn over half-dried cocoon every day once in the property processing procedure.
5. the fine-titred mulberry cocoon drying means of elongated cocoon silk that is applicable to according to claim 1 is characterized in that, two in the processing procedure cooling handle and in cocoon drying begins 1h, finish, 70 ± 1 ℃ of cocoon drying 2h ± 10min then.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105387685A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏富安茧丝绸股份有限公司 | Cocoon drying method |
| CN107062807A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-18 | 安徽三利丝绸集团有限公司 | A kind of cocoon drying technique |
| CN111358245A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-07-03 | 桐乡丝凰家纺有限公司 | Method for manufacturing silk quilt |
| CN113455471A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-01 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Method for obtaining high-quality silkworm cocoon and application of high-quality silkworm cocoon |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101509150A (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2009-08-19 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for pretreating fresh cocoon |
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- 2010-03-18 CN CN 201010135316 patent/CN101864601A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101509150A (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2009-08-19 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for pretreating fresh cocoon |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 《云南农业科技》 20081231 卢焕仙; 夏培康 收烘过程中保全茧丝质量的措施 28 1－5 , 第S1期 2 * |
| 《山东茧业》 20080630 卢永正 提高(SD)RFT推进式热风灶烘茧适干均匀度的技术小结 18 1－5 , 第2期 2 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105387685A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏富安茧丝绸股份有限公司 | Cocoon drying method |
| CN107062807A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-18 | 安徽三利丝绸集团有限公司 | A kind of cocoon drying technique |
| CN107062807B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-05-01 | 安徽三利丝绸集团有限公司 | A kind of cocoon drying technique |
| CN111358245A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-07-03 | 桐乡丝凰家纺有限公司 | Method for manufacturing silk quilt |
| CN113455471A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-01 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Method for obtaining high-quality silkworm cocoon and application of high-quality silkworm cocoon |
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Application publication date: 20101020 |