CN101859148B

CN101859148B - Lighting spherical sun position sensor and automatic tracking method

Info

Publication number: CN101859148B
Application number: CN2010101932749A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 葛乐通; 徐晓东; 蒋益兴
Original assignee: Changzhou University
Current assignee: Liyang Chang Technology Transfer Center Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2010-06-03
Filing date: 2010-06-03
Publication date: 2012-08-29
Anticipated expiration: 2030-06-03
Also published as: CN101859148A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lighting spherical sun position sensor and an automatic tracking method, which ensure that a panel receiving sunlight always keeps vertical with the sunray. The lighting spherical sun position sensor comprises a non-transparent spherical base body. A plurality of light dependent resistors are respectively distributed on the circumferences of two great circles of the spherical base body, and a base is fixed at one side of the sunlight panel to enable the sunlight panel to rotate with 360 degrees in the horizontal direction and rotate with 90 degrees in the vertical direction under the driving of two direct current motors. The light dependent resistors send sunlight intensity signals to a signal acquisition module, the sunlight intensity signals are processed, and the processed signals are sent to a singlechip control module to determine the position of the sun. A control signal is sent to a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) speed regulation module to control the actions of the two direct current motors, therefore, the position of the sunlight panel is adjusted. By adopting the invention, the azimuth angle and the elevating angle of the sunlight can be automatically tracked with high precision and short time, the energy consumption for real-time tracking can be reduced with simple structure, and the production and manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Description

A kind of lighting spherical sun position sensor and automatic tracking method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the solar collecting device field, be specifically related to a kind of lighting spherical sun position sensor, it is perpendicular that the panel of accepting sunshine is remained with sunray.

Background technology

Sun power has become widely used clear energy sources, utilize the product variety of sun power more and more, but many products still adopts the fixing sunshine of gathering facing one direction, because the incident angle of sunshine is bigger sometimes, cause solar energy utilization ratio low.To on collection panel of the same area, improve the collection and utilization rate of sunshine, just must make sunshine direct projection panel all the time from the motion tracking sunshine.Since sunshine at all seasons and the height of every day and incident angle often change, present generally adopts the action of worm-and-wheel gear or transfer bar mechanism to realize synchronous tracking from motion tracking sunshine system, its defective is: the collection to sunshine can only be at certain angular range; Can not be throughout the year with round-the-clockly from motion tracking, and system cost is high, complex structure; Simultaneously; System must detect incessantly, and motor must be adjusted incessantly, brings a large amount of losses of energy.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, but provide a kind of full angle simple in structure to gather the lighting spherical sun position sensor of sunshine.

Another object of the present invention provides the automatic tracking method of this sun position sensor, but low energy consumption, automatic tracking position of sun accurately.

The technical scheme that lighting spherical sun position sensor of the present invention adopts is: comprise an opaque spherical substrate; The spherical substrate bottom connects connecting rod; The connecting rod bottom is fixedly connected base; Several photoresistance are distributed in respectively on the circumference of two great circles of spherical substrate, and orthogonal XY, YZ plane and spherical substrate that said two great circles are respectively through the spherical substrate central point intersect formation, and two great circles on Y axle positive dirction intersect at the summit of spherical substrate; Summit and connecting rod position are relative, and the place, summit is provided with a photoresistance.

It is to have following steps that the present invention adopts the technical scheme of the automatic tracking method of above-mentioned lighting spherical sun position sensor: 1) base is fixed in sunshine panel one side; Said sunshine panel can drive down at direct current generator revolve three-sixth turn in the horizontal direction around feathering axis, and this sunshine panel can also be under another direct current generator drive revolves in vertical direction around vertical rotating shaft and turn 90 degrees; 2) each photoresistance is connected signal acquisition module, single chip control module, PWM speed adjusting module and two direct current generators successively; Each photoresistance is given signal acquisition module with the sun light intensity signal that receives, and signal acquisition module is given single chip control module after with the signal processed; 3) single chip control module detects the solar radiation quantity that photoresistance received on the great circle circumference earlier; Through the speed governing of PWM speed adjusting module; The radiant quantity maximum is adjusted in the photoresistance on summit, reduced the speed of a direct current generator through the speed governing of PWM speed adjusting module; Detect the solar radiation quantity that photoresistance received on another great circle circumference again; Do to turn off another dc motor power after the same adjustment; After the inner timer of single chip control module arrives the wakeup time that sets, wake single chip control module up, continue next cycle detection.

The present invention is owing to the incident angle of the corresponding sunlight of photoresistance of diverse location on the spherical substrate is different, so the size of the solar radiation quantity that photoresistance receives is just different, through the orientation of more just learning that the sun belongs to; Adjusting two motors then makes the sunshine panel vertical with sunray; Can from the precision height and the time weak point of motion tracking, can reduce the energy consumption of real-time follow-up simultaneously from the position angle and the elevation angle of motion tracking sunshine; Simple in structure, can reduce manufacturing cost.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of lighting spherical sun position sensor of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the utilization structure figure of lighting spherical sun position sensor of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the automatic tracking Control schematic diagram of lighting spherical sun position sensor of the present invention;

Among the figure: 1. spherical substrate; 2. great circle; 3. photoresistance; 4. great circle; 5. connecting rod; 6. base; 7. sunshine panel; 8. vertical rotating shaft; 9. feathering axis; 10. signal acquisition module; 11. single chip control module; 12.PWM speed adjusting module; 13. direct current generator; 14. direct current generator.

Embodiment

Like Fig. 1, the concrete opaque spherical substrate 1 of sun position sensor shown in 2 and 3; The central point of spherical substrate 1 is A; The orthogonal XY plane of process central point A and YZ plane and spherical substrate 1 intersect, and form two

great circles

4 and 2 respectively, on Y axle positive dirction;

Great circle

4 and 2 intersects at the summit B of spherical substrate 1; On the circumference of great circle 2, be uniformly distributed with 7-15 high precision photoresistance 3, summit B is relative with connecting rod 5 positions, with the corresponding spherical substrate of summit B 1 bottom photoresistance 3 is not installed.The photoresistance 3 of summit B is that two

great circles

2 and 4 are shared, and total 13-29 high precision photoresistance 3 connects the connecting rod 5 that hollow is elongated in spherical substrate 1 bottom, the bottom fixed connection sensor base 6 of connecting rod 5.

As shown in Figure 2, the sun position sensor of Fig. 1 in use, it is fixed in a side of the sunshine panel 7 of accepting the sun through base 6, makes plane, sunshine panel 7 place parallel with the section through the summit B of spherical substrate 1.The centre of sunshine panel 7 is fixedly connected feathering axis 9 and vertical rotating shaft 8 respectively, and feathering axis 9 is arranged with vertical rotating shaft 8 mutual vertical interlaceds.One end of feathering axis 9 is connected with the output shaft of direct current generator 14, and an end of vertical rotating shaft 8 is connected with the output shaft of another direct current generator 13.Feathering axis 9 is perpendicular with the XY plane on the spherical substrate 1, hinder very much optic panel 7 under the drive of direct current generator 13 around feathering axis 9 inward turning three-sixth turn in the horizontal direction, the position angle that makes all photoresistance 3 on the great circle 4 that is positioned at the XY plane follow the tracks of the sun.Vertical rotating shaft 8 is vertical with the YZ plane on the spherical substrate 1; Sunshine panel 7 is turn 90 degrees, the elevation angle that makes all photoresistance 3 on the great circle 2 that is positioned on the YZ plane follow the tracks of the sun under the drive of direct current generator 14 in the vertical direction inward turning around vertical rotating shaft 8.

As shown in Figure 3; Sun position sensor is through its work of control circuit control; Each photoresistance 3 on the spherical substrate 1 is connected to the signal acquisition module 10 of control circuit respectively; Signal acquisition module 10 connects single chip control module 11 and PWM speed adjusting module 12 successively, and the output of PWM speed adjusting module 12 connects two

direct current generators

13 and 14 respectively.Each photoresistance 3 is given signal acquisition module 10 with the sun light intensity signal that receives; It is the single chip control module 11 of its processing core that signal acquisition module 10 is given with the single-chip microcomputer after with the signal processed; Single chip control module 11 is confirmed the position of the sun through the analyzing and processing to signal, sends control signal and gives PWM speed adjusting module 12; PWM speed adjusting module 12 is controlled the action of two

direct current generators

13 and 14 respectively according to signal command; Direct

current generator

13 and 14 drives vertical rotating shaft 8 and feathering axis 9 rotations, and the orientation of adjustment sunshine panel 7 makes sunshine vertical irradiation sunshine panel 7 all the time.Adopted the single-chip microcomputer that is integrated with AD collection and PWM output function to reduce the outside change-over circuit of single-chip microcomputer.

When control circuit is switched on for the first time; Make sun position sensor be in a complete black environment; Press the button that makes zero; Single chip control module 11 initial value of record photoresistance 3 is automatically preserved then, and single chip control module 11 is used the benchmark auto zero that digital adjustment method makes all photoresistance 3 when using later on.After starting working, single chip control module 11 at first detects all photoresistance 3; Judge whether photoresistance 3 work are normal; Corresponding light emitting diode is lighted in undesired warning simultaneously, if normal, the radiant quantity that just receives all photoresistance 3 is averaged; If less than preset value explanation be night or sunlight very a little less than, do not follow the tracks of this moment.After greater than preset value, just begin to follow the tracks of.At first detect the solar radiation quantity that the photoresistance 3 on the great circle 4 of solar azimuth angular direction is received; Seek the maximum photoresistance 3 of solar radiation quantity; If just pass through 12 speed governing of PWM speed adjusting module in the side; Direct current generator 13 high-speed cruisings that make controlling level turning axle 9 are to save time, and the radiant quantity of adjusting to the photoresistance 3 that makes summit B is maximum.After summit B reaches maximum; Just adjust precision to improve through the speed of PWM speed adjusting module 12 speed governing reduction direct current generator 13; To make the photoresistance 3 of B both sides, summit receive the solar radiation amount identical in adjustment at a slow speed, and sunshine is just perpendicular to through the tangent line of summit B when both sides all equate.Begin to detect the solar radiation quantity that the photoresistance 3 on great circle 2 circumference of altitude of the sun angular direction is received after finish position angle location, the adjustment mode is the same.Just turn off the power supply of direct current generator 14 after elevation angle is followed the tracks of and finished, control system is in power-down mode, reduces the power consumption of control system.Wake single-chip microcomputer up after single chip control module 11 inner timers arrive the wakeup time that sets, continue the work of next cycle detection, the position of inferior detection sunshine.Wakeup time can be artificial setting, the time, the whole precision of minor was high more more.

Claims

1. lighting spherical sun position sensor; It is characterized in that: comprise an opaque spherical substrate (1); Spherical substrate (1) bottom connects connecting rod (5), and connecting rod (5) bottom is fixedly connected base (6), and several photoresistance (3) are distributed in respectively on the circumference of two great circles (4,2) of spherical substrate (1); Orthogonal XY, YZ plane and spherical substrate (1) that said great circle (4,2) is respectively through spherical substrate (1) central point (A) intersect formation; Two great circles on Y axle positive dirction (4,2) intersect at the summit (B) of spherical substrate (1), and summit (B) is relative with connecting rod (5) position, and summit (B) locates to be provided with a photoresistance (3).

2. a kind of lighting spherical sun position sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be uniformly distributed with 7-15 photoresistance (3) respectively on the circumference of great circle (4,2).

3. automatic tracking method that adopts lighting spherical sun position sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that having following steps:

1) base (6) is fixed in sunshine panel (7) one sides; Said sunshine panel (7) can drive down at a direct current generator (13) revolve three-sixth turn in the horizontal direction around feathering axis (9), and this sunshine panel (7) can also be under another direct current generator (14) drive revolves in vertical direction around vertical rotating shaft (8) and turn 90 degrees;

2) each photoresistance (3) is connected signal acquisition module (10), single chip control module (11), PWM speed adjusting module (12) and two direct current generators (13,14) successively; Each photoresistance (3) is given signal acquisition module (10) with the sun light intensity signal that receives, and signal acquisition module (10) is given single chip control module (11) after with the signal processed;

3) single chip control module (11) detects the solar radiation quantity that the photoresistance (3) on a great circle (4) circumference is received earlier; Through PWM speed adjusting module (12) speed governing; The radiant quantity maximum is adjusted in the photoresistance (3) of summit (B), reduced the speed of a direct current generator (13) through PWM speed adjusting module (12) speed governing; Detect the solar radiation quantity that the photoresistance (3) on another great circle (2) circumference is received again; Do to turn off another direct current generator (14) power supply after the same adjustment; After the inner timer of single chip control module (11) arrives the wakeup time that sets, wake single chip control module (11) up, continue next cycle detection.