CN106527504B - Photovoltaic output power self-regulating device - Google Patents
Photovoltaic output power self-regulating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106527504B CN106527504B CN201611211868.1A CN201611211868A CN106527504B CN 106527504 B CN106527504 B CN 106527504B CN 201611211868 A CN201611211868 A CN 201611211868A CN 106527504 B CN106527504 B CN 106527504B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic output power self-regulating device. The device comprises a solar panel rotation module, a solar monitoring module, a wind power and wind direction monitoring module, a control module and an electric power storage module; the solar panel rotating module is fixed on the ground; the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module are respectively fixed on a platform higher than the solar panel when the solar panel is horizontally placed; the control module is respectively connected with the solar cell panel rotation module, the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module; the power storage module is respectively connected with the solar cell panel rotation module, the solar monitoring module, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module and the control module. The invention improves the efficiency and accuracy of related equipment and the safety of the equipment, and ensures that the solar panel is always in an optimal working state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic output power self-regulating device.
Background
In recent years, with the development of economy, the gradual transition of social concepts, environmental problems and sustainable development are being focused on by more and more people. Under the background, the state is greatly developing renewable energy power generation, and the status of the field is gradually improved. Solar power generation is outstanding as renewable energy power generation, and compared with traditional energy power generation, the solar energy power generation has the advantages of reasonable equipment investment, short system forming time, environment-friendly and pollution-free operation, wide application range, inexhaustible energy and the like, and is gradually popularized in China. Most of the current solar panels are fixed solar panels, and although the fixed solar panels are low in cost and convenient to install, the solar panels can maximize the power generation efficiency only when sunlight is directly irradiated due to the photovoltaic effect which is the principle of power generation of the solar cells. Obviously, the fixed photovoltaic power generation system has lower efficiency, is difficult to fully utilize solar energy and is unfavorable for the popularization of solar power generation to a certain extent. Therefore, developing a photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device which can monitor the solar azimuth and automatically adjust the light receiving angle of a solar panel has great significance in improving the working efficiency of products, improving the cost performance of the products and fully utilizing solar energy and popularizing related devices.
Currently, in the aspect of solar monitoring, existing devices or patents calculate and predict the running track of the sun so as to track, monitor sunlight by using a photoelectric sensor, and identify the sun by using an image identification technology. The first device has the problems of complex calculation, inaccurate prediction and relatively complicated debugging of different programs in different places; the second device has the problems of larger external influence and more severe use condition of the photoelectric sensor; the third device has the problem of inaccurate and imprecise image recognition. All three devices can not monitor the sun timely, accurately and automatically, and the work efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation device is limited. In the aspect of a solar panel rotating device or a patent, some of the solar panel rotating devices can only slightly rotate, some of the solar panel rotating devices can only rotate the direction of the solar panel and cannot change the included angle between the solar panel and the ground, some of the solar panel rotating devices can meet the requirement of tracking the solar direction of the solar panel, but more motors are used, so that the power consumption of the solar panel rotating devices cannot be neglected, and other solar panel rotating devices are too complex. In addition, the self-protection capability of the solar panel against strong wind should be within the design consideration.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing device or scheme, the invention aims to provide the photovoltaic output power self-regulating device which is controlled by a single-step motor and solves the problems that the existing photovoltaic output power self-regulating device has larger power consumption, inflexible rotation, only rotation orientation, more complexity and incapability of effective self-protection by adopting the combination design of a hollow worm gear, a belt on two shafts in a gear rack, a synchronizer, a central rod, a force-sensitive resistor and the like. The device improves the efficiency and accuracy of related equipment and the safety of the equipment, and ensures that the solar panel is always in an optimal working state.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the photovoltaic output power self-regulating device comprises a solar panel rotation module, a solar monitoring module, a wind power and wind direction monitoring module, a control module and an electric power storage module;
the solar panel rotating module is fixed on the ground; the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module are respectively fixed on a platform higher than the solar panel when the solar panel is horizontally placed; the control module is respectively connected with the solar cell panel rotation module, the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module; the power storage module is respectively connected with the solar cell panel rotation module, the solar monitoring module, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module and the control module;
the solar panel rotation module comprises a support base, a support rod, a gear conversion connector, a stepping motor driver, a hollow worm gear, a solar panel frame, a ball-like universal head, a solar panel, a gear frame, a direction gear, a gear shaft, a roller shaft, a chain and a laser corrector; the support base is directly fixed on the ground; the support rod is vertically fixed in the center of the support base; the gear change connector is fixed at the lower part of the supporting rod, and the gear of the stepping motor is meshed with the gear of the gear change connector; the hollow worm gear is sleeved on the supporting rod and meshed with the gear of the gear change connector; the solar panel frame is arranged at the top of the supporting rod through a ball-like universal head; the solar panel is fixed on the solar panel frame; the four same gear frames are respectively fixed on the four directions of the supporting base; each gear frame is provided with an upper row of holes and a lower row of holes, each row of holes is horizontally arranged, two ends of a roller shaft are arranged in the upper row of holes, and two ends of a gear shaft are arranged in the lower row of holes; on each gear frame, a direction gear is fixed in the middle of the gear shaft and is meshed with a hollow worm part of the hollow worm gear; the idler wheel is fixed in the middle of the idler wheel shaft; one end of the chain is fixed on the corresponding roller, and the other end of the chain is fixed on the solar panel frame; four identical laser aligners are fixed on four corners of the solar panel frame;
the inside of one side of each gear rack of the solar panel rotation module also comprises a belt and a synchronizer; wherein the belt is meshed with the gear part of the gear shaft and the gear part of the roller shaft respectively; the synchronizer is arranged on the roller shaft and is positioned between the belt and the roller;
one end of a fixing piece of the gear change connector is sleeved into the supporting rod, the other end of the fixing piece is provided with a rotating shaft, a large gear is arranged above the rotating shaft, and a small gear is arranged below the rotating shaft; the stepping motor is fixed beside the supporting rod, and a motor gear on the rotating shaft of the stepping motor is meshed with a pinion of the gear change connector; the stepping motor driver is fixed below the stepping motor;
the hollow worm gear comprises an integrated hollow worm part and a hollow gear part; the hollow worm part is positioned above the hollow gear part and is integrally sleeved on the supporting rod; the large gear of the gear change connector is meshed with the hollow gear part, and the hollow worm part is meshed with the direction gear;
the solar monitoring module comprises a solar monitoring disc, a solar cell block, a round rod and a voltage metering chip; the solar cell block is arranged in the solar monitoring disc; the round rod is vertically fixed in the center of the solar monitoring disc; the voltage measuring chip is fixed in the solar monitoring disc.
The wind power and wind direction monitoring module mainly comprises a wind power and wind direction monitoring frame, a force-sensitive resistor, a central rod, a monitoring balloon, a protective cover and a resistance metering chip; the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame is of a two-stage structure, the first-stage inclined platform is arranged below, and the second-stage inclined platform is arranged above; the force sensitive resistor is fixed at the two-stage inclined platform position of the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame; the central rod is fixed at the bottom center of the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame, and the monitoring balloon is connected to the top end of the central rod; the resistance measuring chip is fixed in the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame.
The control module comprises a singlechip.
The power storage module comprises a solar charge-discharge controller and a storage battery; the solar charge-discharge controller is connected with the storage battery.
The connection relationship further includes: the control module is respectively connected with the stepping motor driver, the synchronizer, the laser rectifier, the voltage metering chip and the resistance metering chip; the power storage module is respectively connected with the stepping motor, the stepping motor driver, the synchronizer, the laser rectifier, the solar panel, the solar cell block, the voltage metering chip, the resistance metering chip and the control module; the stepping motor driver is connected with the stepping motor; the voltage metering chip is connected with each solar cell block; a resistance metering chip is connected to each force sensitive resistor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the solar panel rotation module is reasonable in design, the stepping motor is adopted to drive the rest devices, the reaction speed is high, the control precision is high, the rotation can be accurately carried out according to the preset angle and the preset number of turns of the control module, the solar panel rack and the inclination angle of the solar panel placed on the solar panel rack are controlled more accurately, and the power consumption of the device is correspondingly reduced by the single-step motor; the spherical-like universal head at the top end of the supporting rod can bear the weight of the solar panel, and the solar panel on the solar panel frame can freely rotate in a hemispherical-like range with the bottom surface approximately parallel to the ground through the cooperation of the spherical-like universal head with the hollow worm gear, the four gear frames, the directional gear, the gear shaft, the idler wheel shaft, the chain and the like; along with the rotation of the motor, the rotation directions of the opposite direction gears meshed with the hollow worm gear are opposite, the rotation directions of the two opposite idler wheels are opposite, and the retraction and the extension of the two opposite chains are also opposite, namely, the opposite side releases the chains when one side retracts the chains, and the chains are always in a tight state, so that the solar panel is always automatically, quickly and accurately positioned at the optimal working position, and the power generation efficiency of the solar panel is remarkably improved; after a period of use, if the rotation position of the solar panel deviates from the preset position, the laser corrector can be used for correction.
2. The solar monitoring module provided by the invention finds out the solar cell blocks with lower voltage by comparing the voltages of all the solar cell blocks in the solar monitoring disc, wherein the positions of the solar cell blocks are the positions where the shadows of the round bars are located under the irradiation of the sun. The direct angle of the sun is judged according to the method, and the method has the characteristics of high judgment speed, small error and low power consumption, and effectively ensures the effectiveness and durability of sun monitoring. In addition, the solar cell blocks in the solar monitoring disc can generate electricity through solar irradiation, generated energy can be transmitted to the storage battery, the power consumption of the device is correspondingly reduced, and the device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
3. According to the invention, the solar cell panel is rotated to be parallel to the wind direction under the necessary condition by monitoring the wind power and the wind direction, namely, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module enables the device to correspondingly perform self-protection when encountering strong wind weather, so that the probability of loss caused by strong wind weather is reduced, and the reliability and durability of the device are improved.
4. The control module of the invention adopts a fuzzy control mode to control the rotation of the solar panel. Fuzzy control is easy to familiarize, strong in practicability and easy to accept. When the control module receives data sent by the solar monitoring module and the wind power and direction monitoring module, the rotating angle of the solar panel rotating module is comprehensively determined according to fuzzy control, and the rotating angle is not directly changed to be perpendicular to sunlight or parallel to wind direction. When the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module transmit data to the control module, the control module processes the received data and then rounds the data, then selects a proper fuzzy factor to fuzzify the data, and the fuzzy reasoning result is sent out as output quantity after being defuzzified through fuzzy reasoning, so that the aim of reasonably controlling the rotation of the solar panel rotation module is fulfilled. If the wind speed of the environment is too high, the control module still controls the solar panel rotating module to rotate to a position parallel to the wind direction so as to protect the device and prevent the device from being damaged even if the solar panel can generate electric energy under the irradiation of the sun.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall module connection of the photovoltaic output power self-regulating apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural connection diagram of a solar panel rotation module 1 of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an internal view of the solar panel rotation module 1 gear rack of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed connection diagram of the stepper motor of the solar panel rotation module 1 and its driver and gear change connector of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detailed connection diagram of a direction gear and a hollow worm gear of a solar panel rotation module 1 of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device;
FIG. 6 is a detailed connection diagram of the roller and the chain of the solar panel rotation module 1 of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a solar panel rotation module 1 ball-like gimbal of the photovoltaic output power self-regulating apparatus of the present invention; wherein fig. 7a is a raised portion of a ball-like gimbal. FIG. 7b is a groove portion of a ball-like gimbal;
FIG. 8 is a structural connection diagram of a solar monitoring module 2 of the photovoltaic output power self-regulating device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a structural connection diagram of a wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the system operation of the photovoltaic output power self-regulating apparatus of the present invention;
in the drawing the view of the figure, the solar cell panel rotation module, 2, solar monitoring module, 3, wind direction monitoring module, 4, control module, 5, power storage module, 1-1, support base, 1-2, support bar, 1-3, gear change connector, 1-3-1, stator, 1-3-2, large gear, 1-3-3, pinion gear, 1-3-4, rotation shaft, 1-4, stepper motor, 1-4-1, motor gear, 1-5, stepper motor drive, 1-6, hollow worm gear, 1-6-1, hollow worm portion, 1-6-2, hollow gear portion, 1-7, solar cell panel frame, 1-8, ball-like universal head, 1-8-1, universal boss, and the like. 1-8-2 parts of universal grooves, 1-9 parts of solar panels, 1-10 parts of gear frames, 1-11 parts of directional gears, 1-12 parts of gear shafts, 1-13 parts of gear shafts, 1-14 parts of rollers, 1-14 parts of roller shafts, 1-15 parts of roller shafts, 1-16 parts of chains, 1-16 parts of belts, 1-17 parts of synchronizers, 1-18 parts of laser rectifiers, 2-1 parts of solar monitoring discs, 2-2 parts of solar cell blocks, 2-2-1 parts of square solar cell blocks, 2-2-2 parts of special-shaped solar cell blocks, 2-3 parts of round rods, 3-1 parts of wind power wind direction monitoring frames, 3-1-1 parts of first-stage inclined platforms, and the like 3-1-2 parts of a second-stage inclined platform, 3-2 parts of a force-sensitive resistor, 3-3 parts of a central rod, 3-4 parts of a monitoring balloon and 3-5 parts of a protective cover.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic output power self-regulating device comprises a solar panel rotating module 1, a solar monitoring module 2, a wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3, a control module 4 and an electric storage module 5;
the solar panel rotating module 1 is fixed on the ground by a supporting base 1-1; the solar monitoring module 2 and the wind direction monitoring module 3 are fixedly arranged on a platform which is 2-5 cm higher than the solar panels 1-9 when being horizontally arranged; the control module 4 is respectively connected with the solar panel rotation module 1, the solar monitoring module 2 and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3, and is used for controlling and collecting signals when the three modules work; the power storage module 5 is connected with the solar panel rotation module 1, the solar monitoring module 2, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 and the control module 4, collects and stores electric energy generated by the solar panels 1-9 and the solar cell blocks 2-2, and supplies power to the solar panel rotation module 1, the solar monitoring module 2, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 and the control module 4 respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, the solar panel rotation module 1 comprises a support base 1-1, a support rod 1-2, a gear conversion connector 1-3, a stepping motor 1-4, a stepping motor driver 1-5, a hollow worm gear 1-6, a solar panel rack 1-7, a ball-like universal head 1-8, a solar panel 1-9, a gear rack 1-10, a direction gear 1-11, a gear shaft 1-12, a roller 1-13, a roller shaft 1-14, a chain 1-15 and a laser corrector 1-18; the supporting base 1-1 is directly placed on the ground; the support rod 1-2 is vertically fixed in the center of the support base 1-1; the gear change connector 1-3 is fixed at the lower part of the supporting rod, and the gear of the stepping motor 1-4 is meshed with the gear of the gear change connector 1-3; the hollow worm gear 1-6 is sleeved on the supporting rod 1-2 and meshed with the gear of the gear change connector 1-3; the solar panel frame 1-7 is arranged at the top of the supporting rod 1-2 through a ball-like universal head 1-8; the solar cell panels 1-9 are fixed on the solar cell panel frames 1-7, the solar cell panels 1-9 are connected with the power storage module 5, and the generated electric energy is collected and stored in the power storage module 5; the four identical gear frames 1-10 are vertically fixed on the mounting platform of the supporting base 1-1, the four gear frames 1-10 respectively represent four directions of east, west, south and north, and the included angle between two adjacent gear frames 1-10 is 90 degrees; each gear frame 1-10 is provided with an upper row of holes and a lower row of holes, each row of holes is horizontally arranged, the upper row of holes is arranged at the upper part of the gear frame, the lower row of holes is arranged at the middle part of the gear frame, two ends of a roller shaft 1-14 are arranged at the upper row of holes, two ends of a gear shaft 1-12 are arranged at the lower row of holes, and the part of the gear frame 1-10 between the two rows of holes is hollow; on each gear frame 1-10, a direction gear 1-11 is fixed in the middle of a gear shaft 1-12, and the direction gear 1-11 is meshed with a hollow worm part 1-6-1 of a hollow worm gear 1-6; meanwhile, the rollers 1-13 are fixed in the middle of the roller shafts 1-14; one end of the chain 1-15 is fixed on the corresponding roller 1-13, and the other end is fixed on the solar panel frame 1-7; the four identical laser aligners 1-18 are fixed on four corners of the solar cell panel frame 1-7, each laser aligner 1-18 is respectively connected with the control module 4 and the power storage module 5, the control module 4 controls the laser aligners 1-18, the power storage module 5 supplies power to the power storage module to enable the power storage module to work normally, and after a period of use, if the rotation position of the solar cell panel 1-9 deviates from a preset position, the laser aligners 1-18 can be used for alignment.
As shown in fig. 3, the inside of one side of each gear frame 1-10 of the solar panel rotation module 1 further comprises a belt 1-16 and a synchronizer 1-17; wherein, the belt 1-16 is meshed with the gear part 1-12-1 of the gear shaft 1-12 and the gear part 1-14-1 of the roller shaft 1-14 respectively, and when the gear shaft 1-12 rotates, the gear part 1-12-1 drives the roller shaft 1-14 to rotate through the belt 1-16; the synchronizer 1-17 is arranged on the roller shaft 1-14 and is positioned between the belt 1-16 and the roller 1-13 (namely, if the end gear part 1-14-1 of the roller shaft 1-14, namely, the belt installation position is taken as the front end, the synchronizer 1-17 is arranged behind the belt 1-16 installation position and before the roller 1-13 position), the synchronizer 1-17 is also connected with the control module 4, the control module 4 controls the synchronizer 1-17 so that the solar cell panel 1-9 automatically rotates within the design range (the control module 4 controls the synchronizer 1-17 can be understood that the four direction gears 1-11 correspondingly rotate when the hollow worm gear 1-6 rotates, and the control module 4 controls the synchronizer 1-17 in the south and north directions to be closed, so that the roller 1-13 in the south and north directions can not rotate, and the corresponding chain 1-15 can not be received, and the solar cell panel 1-9 can only tilt in the east or west; other directions are the same);
as shown in fig. 4, the details of the fixed connection of the stepper motor 1-4 and the stepper motor driver 1-5 and the gear change connector 1-3 are: the gear change connector 1-3 is sleeved into the supporting rod 1-2 from one end of a fixing piece 1-3-1 with the fixing piece and is fixed at the lower part of the supporting rod 1-2, a rotating shaft 1-3-4 is arranged at the other end of the fixing piece, a large gear 1-3-2 is arranged above the rotating shaft 1-3-4, and a small gear 1-3-3 is arranged below the rotating shaft 1-3-4; when the pinion 1-3-3 rotates, the rotating shaft 1-3-4 drives the large gear 1-3-2 to synchronously rotate, and the fixing piece 1-3-1 is fixed, so that the relative position of the gear change connector 1-3 and the supporting rod 1-2 is unchanged; the motor gear 1-4-1 on the rotating shaft of the stepping motor 1-4 is meshed with the pinion gear 1-3-3 of the gear change connector 1-3, the pinion gear 1-3-3 of the gear change connector 1-3 can be driven to rotate positively and negatively and is fixed at a position as close to the supporting rod 1-2 as possible without interfering with the installation of the gear frame 1-10, and the electric power storage module 5 supplies power to the stepping motor 1-4; the stepper motor driver 1-5 is fixed below the stepper motor 1-4 and connected to the stepper motor 1-4 and the control module 4 and the power storage module 5 (the control module 4 controls the rotation angle and the number of turns of the stepper motor 1-4 by inputting signals to the stepper motor driver 1-5, and the power storage module 5 supplies power to the stepper motor driver 1-5). The large gear 1-3-2 is meshed with a hollow gear part 1-6-2 in a hollow worm gear 1-6 sleeved on the supporting rod 1-2.
As shown in fig. 5, the fixed connection details of the direction gear 1-11, the gear shaft 1-12 and the hollow worm gear 1-6 are as follows; the hollow worm gear 1-6 comprises an integrated hollow worm part 1-6-1 and a hollow gear part 1-6-2; the hollow worm part 1-6-1 is positioned above the hollow gear part 1-6-2 and is sleeved on the supporting rod 1-2 together; when the stepping motor operates, as the large gear 1-3-2 of the gear change connector is meshed with the hollow gear part 1-6-2 in the hollow worm gear 1-6 sleeved on the supporting rod 1-2, the hollow gear part 1-6-2 also rotates, so that the hollow worm gear 1-6 integrally rotates in situ, and the rotation of the hollow worm part 1-6-1 drives the direction gear 1-11 meshed with the hollow worm gear to rotate; the four same direction gears 1-11 are fixed on four same gear shafts 1-12, and two ends of each gear shaft 1-12 penetrate through lower row holes of the corresponding gear frame 1-10, so that the direction gears 1-11 are just meshed with the hollow worm part 1-6-1 of the hollow worm gear 1-6, and the hollow worm gear 1-6 can drive each direction gear 1-11 and the respective gear shaft 1-12 to correspondingly rotate when rotating positively and negatively, and the rotating directions of the opposite direction gears 1-11 are just opposite;
as shown in fig. 6, the details of the connection and fixation of the rollers 1-13, the roller shafts 1-14 and the chains 1-15 are as follows: the four identical rollers 1-13 are fixed on four identical roller shafts 1-14, the rotation of the roller shafts 1-14 can enable the respective rollers 1-13 to rotate correspondingly, and two ends of each roller shaft 1-14 penetrate through row holes on the corresponding gear frame 1-10; one end of each chain 1-15 of four identical chains 1-15 is fixed on the corresponding roller 1-13, the other end is fixed on the solar panel frame 1-7, the length of the chain 1-15 is the length required by the limit rotation of the solar panel 1-9 (the length required by the limit rotation is understood to be the maximum position of the solar panel 1-9 inclined to the south, the straight line length of the chain 1-15 on the north from the roller 1-13 to the fixed position on the north of the solar panel frame 1-7 is not too wide (the length is understood to be not too wide) when the solar panel 1-9 rotates to the south, the chains in east and west directions cannot shift to the south), and each roller 1-13 can be used for releasing or rolling up the respective chain 1-15 without slipping, so that the solar panel 1-9 can rotate freely within the design range.
As shown in fig. 7, details of the ball-like universal heads 1-8 are: the spherical-like universal head 1-8 is composed of two parts of a universal bulge 1-8-1 and a universal groove 1-8-2, the universal bulge 1-8-1 is a hemispherical-like bulge, the base of the universal bulge is connected with the solar cell panel frame 1-7, the universal groove 1-8-2 is a hollow hemispherical-like groove, the bottom of the universal groove is connected with the supporting rod 1-2, the universal bulge 1-8-1 arranged on the solar cell panel frame 1-7 is placed into the universal groove 1-8-2 arranged on the supporting rod 1-2, the solar cell panel frame 1-7 is connected with the supporting rod 1-2, the spherical-like universal head 1-8 and the supporting rod 1-2 can provide enough supporting force for the whole composed of the solar cell panel frame 1-7 and the solar cell panel 1-9, so that the solar cell panel frame 1-7 and the solar cell panel 1-9 can rotate randomly within a hemispherical-like range with the bottom surface approximately parallel to the ground (the hemispherical-like range is the center of the spherical-like universal head 1-8).
As shown in fig. 8, the solar monitoring module 2 mainly comprises a solar monitoring disc 2-1, a solar cell block 2-2, a round rod 2-3 and a voltage metering chip; the solar monitoring disc 2-1 is fixed on a platform which is slightly higher than the solar panel 1-9 when being horizontally arranged; the solar cell blocks 2-2 are arranged in the solar monitoring disc 2-1 and fully stacked (the fully stacked is understood to mean that the solar monitoring disc 2-1 is round, the roughly 60 square solar cell blocks 2-2 are orderly arranged in the middle of the solar monitoring disc 2-1, the roughly 28 special-shaped solar cell blocks 2-2 are arranged at the edge of the solar monitoring disc 2-1, the square solar cell blocks 2-2-1 and the special-shaped solar cell blocks 2-2-2 are mutually and closely arranged, the solar cell blocks 2-2 can form a round shape, the area of the solar cell blocks is the same as that of the solar monitoring disc 2-1, of course, the more accurate the number of the solar cell blocks 2-2 is, the more accurate the obtained solar angle is, but the more the equipment production cost is increased, so the device can select the number of the solar cell blocks 2-2 according to actual requirements), the solar cell blocks 2-2 are connected with the electricity storage module 5, and the electricity generated by the electricity storage module is transmitted into the electricity storage module 5 through irradiation; the round rod 2-3 is vertically fixed in the center of the solar monitoring disc 2-1; the voltage metering chip is fixed in the solar monitoring disc 2-1, the input end of the voltage metering chip is connected with each solar cell block 2-2, the output end of the voltage metering chip is connected with the control module 4, the voltage metering chip is used for monitoring the voltage emitted by each solar cell block 2-2 and finding out the solar cell block 2-2 with relatively low voltage, the voltage metering chip sends the numbers of the solar cell blocks 2-2 into the control module 4, the control module 4 calculates the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the most suitable solar cell panel 1-9, if the current state is the night or the sun is covered by cloud, the shaded solar cell blocks 2-2 are connected in a piece and the area is larger, the position distribution of the shaded solar cell blocks 2-2 is different from that of the cloudless solar cell blocks 2-2, and the control module 4 recognizes the current state.
As shown in fig. 9, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 mainly comprises a wind power and wind direction monitoring frame 3-1, a force sensitive resistor 3-2, a central rod 3-3, a monitoring balloon 3-4, a protective cover 3-5 and a resistance metering chip; the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 is fixed on a platform which is slightly higher than the solar cell panel 1-9 when being horizontally arranged, and is of a two-stage structure, the first-stage inclined platform 3-1-1 is arranged below, and the second-stage inclined platform 3-1-2 is arranged above; the force sensitive resistors 3-2 are fixed at two-stage inclined platform positions of the wind power wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 (taking the central axis of the wind power wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 as an axis, the wind power wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 is to be cut along any radius, the obtained section is like a ladder, the inclined platform positions are positioned at the chamfer angles of the protruding parts of each stage of structure), 28 force sensitive resistors 3-2 are approximately uniformly fixed on the first stage inclined platform 3-1-1, 30 force sensitive resistors 3-2 are approximately uniformly fixed on the second stage inclined platform 3-1-2, obviously, the more the number of the force sensitive resistors 3-2 is, the more accurate the obtained wind power wind direction data is, and the cost is correspondingly increased, so the number of the force sensitive resistors 3-2 can be selected according to actual conditions when the force sensitive resistor is applied; one end of the center rod 3-3 is fixed at the bottom center of the wind direction monitoring frame 3-1, the center rod 3-3 can freely rotate in a conical shape in the wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 by taking the end as the center, the center rod 3-3 has certain toughness, when the wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 rotates, the center rod 3-3 firstly presses the force sensitive resistor 3-2 at the position of the first-stage inclined platform 3-1, and when the driving force is large to a certain extent, the center rod 3-3 bends and then presses the force sensitive resistor 3-2 at the position of the second-stage inclined platform 3-1-2; the monitoring balloon 3-4 is connected to the top end of the central rod 3-3, the monitoring balloon 3-4 can drive the central rod 3-3 to float in the air by using the buoyancy of the monitoring balloon 3-4, the central rod 3-3 is vertically erected in the center of the wind power wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 when no wind exists, and obviously, different gases are changed to be filled into the monitoring balloon 3-4, and the sensitivity of the wind power wind direction monitoring module 3 can be influenced by changing the size of the monitoring balloon 3-4, so that the types of the filled gases and the size of the monitoring balloon 3-4 can be selected according to actual conditions when the monitoring balloon is applied; the protecting cover 3-5 covers the part below the monitoring balloon (it should be noted that only a part of the protecting cover 3-5 in fig. 9 is used for checking the device in the protecting cover 3-5, and in practice, the protecting cover is shown in fig. 1), and is connected with the lower end of the outer layer of the wind direction monitoring frame 3-1, so as to provide protection for the force sensitive resistor in the wind direction monitoring module 3, so as to prevent the force sensitive resistor 3-2 from being disturbed by the outside and work normally; the resistance measuring chip is fixed in the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame 3-1, the input end of the resistance measuring chip is connected with each force sensitive resistor 3-2, the output end of the resistance measuring chip is connected with the control module 4, the resistance measuring chip is used for monitoring the resistance value of each force sensitive resistor 3-2 and finding out the force sensitive resistor 3-2 with smaller resistance value, the resistance measuring chip sends the numbers of the force sensitive resistors 3-2 into the control module 4, and the control module 4 judges the current wind power and wind direction. All the force sensitive resistors are independently connected with the resistor metering chip; when wind is large, the pressure of the central rod 3-3 to the force sensitive resistor on the first-stage inclined platform 3-1-1 may exceed the measurement maximum value, and the force sensitive resistor on the second-stage inclined platform is required to measure the pressure of the central rod so as to continue calculating wind force, and in addition, the second-stage inclined platform also has a supporting function to prevent the central rod from being broken; when the protective cover is used in daily life, the protective cover is covered except for maintenance so as to protect devices inside at any time.
The control module 4 mainly comprises a singlechip; the output end of a voltage metering chip in the solar monitoring module 2 is connected with one group of input pins of a single chip microcomputer, the output end of a resistance metering chip in the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 is connected with the other group of input pins of the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer receives data sent out by the voltage metering chip and the resistance metering chip, and fuzzy control is adopted, namely the single chip microcomputer synthesizes sunlight intensity, irradiation angle and wind power and wind direction data to control the solar panel rotation module 1; if the position of the shaded solar cell block 2-2 fed by the voltage metering chip is connected in a sheet mode, the singlechip judges that the solar cell block is covered by the night or cloud, and the whole device does not act by the data obtained by the solar monitoring module 2; if the wind power is large, the singlechip controls the solar panel rotation module 1 to perform self-protection according to a normal working flow, namely the planes of the solar panels 1-9 rotate towards the position parallel to the wind direction; the pin output end of the singlechip is connected with a stepping motor driver 1-5, four synchronizers 1-17 and four laser rectifiers 1-18 of the solar panel rotation module 1, so that the rotation number and the rotation angle of the stepping motor 1-4, the switching actions of the synchronizers and the device correction are controlled, and the solar panel rotation module normally operates;
the power storage module 5 mainly comprises a solar charge-discharge controller and a storage battery; the solar charge-discharge controller is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is also connected with the solar panel rotation module 1, the solar monitoring module 2, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 and the control module 4; the storage battery is responsible for storing the electric energy generated by the solar cell panel 1-9 and the solar cell block 2-2, and is connected with all parts and devices which need to consume the electric energy in the solar cell panel rotation module 1, the solar monitoring module 2, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 and the control module 4 for supplying power. The solar charge-discharge controller is responsible for controlling the charging process of the solar panels 1-9 and the solar cell blocks 2-2 to the storage battery and the power supply process of the storage battery to the solar panel rotating module 1, the solar monitoring module 2, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 and the control module 4.
The electrical connection of the whole device is as follows: the control module 4 is connected with the stepping motor driver 1-5, the synchronizer 1-17, the laser corrector 1-18, the voltage metering chip and the resistance metering chip; the power storage module 5 is connected with the stepping motor 1-4, the stepping motor driver 1-5, the synchronizer 1-17, the laser corrector 1-18, the solar panel 1-9, the solar cell block 2-2, the voltage metering chip, the resistance metering chip and the control module 4; the stepping motor driver 1-5 is connected with the stepping motor 1-4; the voltage metering chip is connected with each solar cell block 2-2; a resistance measuring chip is connected with each force sensitive resistor 3-2.
The method comprises the following steps: in the solar panel rotation module 1, a control module 4 is respectively connected with a stepping motor driver 1-5, a synchronizer 1-17 and a laser corrector 1-18; the step motor driver 1-5 is also connected with the step motor 1-4, and the control module 4 controls the step motor 1-4 to rotate corresponding turns and angles by sending corresponding signals to the step motor driver 1-5; the control module 4 controls the synchronizers 1 to 17 to be opened or closed by transmitting corresponding signals to the synchronizers 1 to 17; the control module 4 controls the working state of the laser corrector 1-18 by sending a start-stop signal to the laser corrector 1-18, and the laser corrector 1-18 sends data to the control module 4 after being started so that the control module 4 can control equipment correction; the power storage module 5 is respectively connected with the solar panel 1-9, the stepping motor 1-4, the stepping motor driver 1-5, the synchronizer 1-17 and the laser corrector 1-18, the solar panel 1-9 transmits electric energy to the power storage module 5, and the power storage module 5 supplies power to the stepping motor 1-4, the stepping motor driver 1-5, the synchronizer 1-17 and the laser corrector 1-18. In the solar monitoring module 2, a voltage metering chip is connected with each solar cell block 2-2, and the position (number) of the solar cell block 2-2 with lower voltage is determined by monitoring and comparing the voltage of each solar cell block 2-2; the voltage metering chip is also connected with the control module 4, and the control module 4 judges the current sun azimuth and the illumination condition by receiving the data sent by the voltage metering chip; the power storage module 5 is respectively connected with the solar cell block 2-2 and the voltage metering chip, the solar cell block 2-2 transmits electric energy to the power storage module 5, and the power storage module 5 supplies power to the voltage metering chip. In the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3, a resistance metering chip is connected with each force sensitive resistor 3-2, and the position (number) of the force sensitive resistor 3-2 with the lower resistance value is determined by monitoring and comparing the resistance value of each force sensitive resistor 3-2; the resistance metering chip is also connected with the control module 4, and the control module 4 judges the current wind power and wind direction by receiving the data sent by the resistance metering chip; the power storage module 5 is connected to the resistance measuring chip and supplies power to the resistance measuring chip. In addition, the power storage module 5 is connected with the singlechip of the control module 4 and an accessory circuit thereof to supply power to the singlechip.
As shown in fig. 10, the working flow of the photovoltaic output power self-adjusting device of the present invention is as follows: when the photovoltaic power generation system starts to work, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 monitors the current wind power and the wind speed, the monitoring balloon 3-4 drives the central rod 3-3 to slightly shake under the condition of breeze, the central rod 3-3 cannot press the force sensitive resistor 3-2 on the first-stage inclined platform 3-1-1 of the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame 3-1, and the resistor metering chip cannot transmit data to the control module 4; under the condition of low wind speed, the monitoring balloon 3-4 drives the central rod 3-3 to rotate along the wind direction, the central rod 3-3 presses the force-sensitive resistor 3-2 on the first-stage inclined platform 3-1-1 of the wind direction monitoring frame 3-1, the resistance value of the pressed force-sensitive resistor 3-2 can be reduced, the position number and the resistance value of the pressed force-sensitive resistor 3-2 can be acquired by the resistance metering chip to a certain extent, and data are transmitted to the control module 4, and the control module 4 judges the data transmitted by the wind direction monitoring module 3 by fuzzy control and performs corresponding self-protection action; under the condition of high wind speed, the monitoring balloon 3-4 drives the central rod 3-3 to rotate along the wind direction, the central rod 3-3 presses the force-sensitive resistor 3-2 on the first-stage inclined platform 3-1 of the wind direction monitoring frame 3-1 and the force-sensitive resistor 3-2 on the second-stage inclined platform 3-1-2, the resistance value of the pressed force-sensitive resistor 3-2 can be reduced, at the moment, if the force-sensitive resistor 3-2 on the pressed first-stage inclined platform reaches the measurement limit, the wind force is large enough, the central rod 3-3 has certain toughness, the force-sensitive resistor 3-2 pressed onto the second-stage inclined platform 3-1-2 can be bent, the resistance value of the pressed force-sensitive resistor 3-2 on the second-stage inclined platform 3-1-2 can be reduced, a certain supporting force is provided for protecting the central rod 3-3, at the moment, the resistance metering chip acquires the position number of the pressed force-sensitive resistor 3-2 and the resistance value thereof, and transmits data to the control module 4, and the control module 4 carries out self-rotation according to the wind direction, namely, the self-protection and the data are transmitted by the wind direction through the control module. When the wind speed is within a certain range, the solar cell block 2-2 of the solar monitoring module 2 monitors whether the solar light intensity in the current environment reaches the intensity which can enable the solar cell panel 1-9 to generate electricity normally (if the current environment can generate electricity normally, the voltage metering chip can collect the voltage which is generated by the solar cell block 2-2 and reaches a certain threshold value, in addition, the electric energy which is generated by the solar cell block 2-2 is also sent to the electric storage module 5, if the current environment does not reach the requirement, the voltage metering chip cannot collect the voltage which is generated by the solar cell block 2-2 and reaches the certain threshold value or the voltage metering chip collects the position of the solar cell block 2-2 which does not reach the threshold value, so that the position of the solar cell block 2-2 which is not reached the threshold value voltage is connected in a piece-by piece mode), when the environment can generate electricity normally, the singlechip part in the control module 4 can read the position of shadow generated by the solar irradiation round bar 2-3 (the voltage metering chip compares the voltages generated by all the solar cell blocks 2-2, and the position of the solar cell block 2-2 where the voltage which is collected by the voltage metering chip is lower), so that the position of the shadow is calculated by the control module 4 rotates the solar cell panel rotation module 1 according to fuzzy control; when the environment cannot normally generate electricity, the control module 4 can judge that the current environment cannot generate electricity, and automatically control the solar panel rotation module 1 to rotate according to the conveying data of the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3. If the ambient wind speed is too high, the solar panel rotation module 1 can rotate to be parallel to the wind direction only according to fuzzy control to protect the device and prevent the device from being damaged even if the solar panels 1-9 can generate electric energy under the irradiation of the sun. The wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 monitors wind power and wind direction at any time, if the wind power is very small at first, the solar panel rotating module 1 controls the solar panel 1-9 to be aligned with the sun, and when the wind power is gradually increased, the control module 4 gradually turns the plane where the solar panel 1-9 is positioned to be parallel to the wind direction by controlling the stepping motor driver 1-5 of the solar panel rotating module 1; when the wind power is gradually reduced, the control module 4 controls the stepping motor driver 1-5 of the solar panel rotation module 1 to enable the solar panels 1-9 to be gradually vertical to sunlight. After a period of use, if the rotational position of the solar panels 1-9 deviates from the preset position, the correction can be performed using the laser correction device 1-18. The electric energy generated by the solar cell panel 1-9 and the solar cell block 2-2 is stored in the electric storage module 5, and the electric storage module 5 also supplies electric energy required by normal operation of the solar cell panel rotation module 1, the solar monitoring module 2, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module 3 and the control module 4.
The software or protocols involved in the operation of the device are well known.
The components and parts used in the photovoltaic output power self-regulating device are well known to those skilled in the art, and the connection mode between all the components, the installation mode of the parts and the wiring mode of the power supply circuit are well known to those skilled in the art and can be obtained through corresponding shops or are easy to manufacture.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative rather than limiting, and that this invention encompasses other embodiments which may be made by those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein and which fall within the scope of the claims herein.
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.
Claims (6)
1. The photovoltaic output power self-regulating device is characterized by comprising a solar cell panel rotation module, a solar monitoring module, a wind power and wind direction monitoring module, a control module and an electric power storage module;
the solar panel rotating module is fixed on the ground; the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module are respectively fixed on a platform higher than the solar panel when the solar panel is horizontally placed; the control module is respectively connected with the solar cell panel rotation module, the solar monitoring module and the wind power and wind direction monitoring module; the power storage module is respectively connected with the solar cell panel rotation module, the solar monitoring module, the wind power and wind direction monitoring module and the control module;
the solar panel rotation module comprises a support base, a support rod, a gear conversion connector, a stepping motor driver, a hollow worm gear, a solar panel frame, a ball-like universal head, a solar panel, a gear frame, a direction gear, a gear shaft, a roller shaft, a chain and a laser corrector; the support base is directly fixed on the ground; the support rod is vertically fixed in the center of the support base; the gear change connector is fixed at the lower part of the supporting rod, and the gear of the stepping motor is meshed with the gear of the gear change connector; the hollow worm gear is sleeved on the supporting rod and meshed with the gear of the gear change connector; the solar panel frame is arranged at the top of the supporting rod through a ball-like universal head; the solar panel is fixed on the solar panel frame; the four same gear frames are respectively fixed on the four directions of the supporting base; each gear frame is provided with an upper row of holes and a lower row of holes, each row of holes is horizontally arranged, two ends of a roller shaft are arranged in the upper row of holes, and two ends of a gear shaft are arranged in the lower row of holes; on each gear frame, a direction gear is fixed in the middle of the gear shaft and is meshed with a hollow worm part of the hollow worm gear; the idler wheel is fixed in the middle of the idler wheel shaft; one end of the chain is fixed on the corresponding roller, and the other end of the chain is fixed on the solar panel frame; four identical laser aligners are fixed on four corners of the solar panel frame;
the inside of one side of each gear rack of the solar panel rotation module also comprises a belt and a synchronizer; wherein the belt is meshed with the gear part of the gear shaft and the gear part of the roller shaft respectively; the synchronizer is arranged on the roller shaft and is positioned between the belt and the roller;
one end of a fixing piece of the gear change connector is sleeved into the supporting rod, the other end of the fixing piece is provided with a rotating shaft, a large gear is arranged above the rotating shaft, and a small gear is arranged below the rotating shaft; the stepping motor is fixed beside the supporting rod, and a motor gear on the rotating shaft of the stepping motor is meshed with a pinion of the gear change connector; the stepping motor driver is fixed below the stepping motor;
the hollow worm gear comprises an integrated hollow worm part and a hollow gear part; the hollow worm part is positioned above the hollow gear part and is integrally sleeved on the supporting rod; the large gear of the gear change connector is meshed with the hollow gear portion, and the hollow worm portion is meshed with the direction gear.
2. The photovoltaic output power self-regulating device according to claim 1, wherein the solar monitoring module comprises a solar monitoring disc, a solar cell block, a round bar and a voltage metering chip; the solar cell block is arranged in the solar monitoring disc; the round rod is vertically fixed in the center of the solar monitoring disc; the voltage measuring chip is fixed in the solar monitoring disc.
3. The photovoltaic output power self-regulating device according to claim 1, wherein the wind power and wind direction monitoring module mainly comprises a wind power and wind direction monitoring frame, a force sensitive resistor, a central rod, a monitoring balloon, a protective cover and a resistance metering chip; the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame is of a two-stage structure, the first-stage inclined platform is arranged below, and the second-stage inclined platform is arranged above; the force sensitive resistor is fixed at the two-stage inclined platform position of the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame; the central rod is fixed at the bottom center of the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame, and the monitoring balloon is connected to the top end of the central rod; the resistance measuring chip is fixed in the wind power and wind direction monitoring frame.
4. The photovoltaic output power self-regulating device according to claim 1, wherein the control module comprises a single-chip microcomputer.
5. The photovoltaic output power self-regulating device according to claim 1, wherein said power storage module comprises a solar charge-discharge controller and a battery; the solar charge-discharge controller is connected with the storage battery.
6. The photovoltaic output power self-regulating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said connection relationship further comprises: the control module is respectively connected with the stepping motor driver, the synchronizer, the laser rectifier, the voltage metering chip and the resistance metering chip; the power storage module is respectively connected with the stepping motor, the stepping motor driver, the synchronizer, the laser rectifier, the solar panel, the solar cell block, the voltage metering chip, the resistance metering chip and the control module; the stepping motor driver is connected with the stepping motor; the voltage metering chip is connected with each solar cell block; a resistance metering chip is connected to each force sensitive resistor.
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| CN108347215B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-07-21 | 河北工业大学 | Foldable movable automatic tracking solar power generation device |
| CN111156977B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-09-03 | 黑龙江工业学院 | Surveying and mapping trolley |
| CN113175953A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 国网河南省电力公司检修公司 | Integrated SF6 gas online sensing device based on Internet of things |
| CN117629285B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-06-21 | 重庆市南岸区生态环境监测站 | Intelligent comprehensive environment monitoring system |
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