WO2022027267A1

WO2022027267A1 - Photoelectric and photo-thermal integrated tracking system requiring no photoelectric sensor for solar house

Info

Publication number: WO2022027267A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/106947
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李�杰
Original assignee: 李�杰
Priority date: 2020-08-05
Filing date: 2020-08-05
Publication date: 2022-02-10

Abstract

A photoelectric and photo-thermal integrated tracking system requiring no photoelectric sensor for a solar house. At present, solar houses on the market all use fixed support technology for photovoltaic power generation. Since inductive tracking technology requires high costs and a complex structure, it is difficult for the inductive tracking technology to adapt to the requirements of a solar house, and there is no integrated photoelectric and photo-thermal system technology on the market. Therefore, in the current situation in which it is difficult to effectively improve a photoelectric conversion rate in a short time, enabling a photoelectric and photo-thermal system for a solar house to track the sun and also have practicality has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the photoelectric and photo-thermal industry. In the solution, different combinations of different posts, electric motors and mechanical transmission mechanisms, and a fixed or movable support are respectively used to construct a one-dimensional or two-dimensional tracking photoelectric and photo-thermal system, such that the technical problem is fully solved, and the power generation efficiency and heat collection efficiency of the system are increased by approximately 60% on average.

Description

Photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system without photoelectric sensor in solar room

technical field

The invention relates to the field of new energy, in particular to a photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system that does not require a photoelectric sensor in a solar room.

Background technique

The solar room is a device that uses solar radiation energy to replace part of the conventional energy to make the room reach a certain ambient temperature or to supply power to the indoor electrical equipment. At present, there are only two photovoltaic power generation technologies in use in the market, one is the fixed bracket technology and the other is the induction tracking technology. These are two extreme technologies, one is the low-cost technical route, and the other is the tracking accuracy. High technical route. Fixed bracket technology: simple technology, low cost, but low power generation; induction tracking technology: complex technology, high cost, high tracking accuracy, but also large self-consumption power, so the cost performance of these two technologies is very low, in solar power generation In the market, in order to recover the investment cost as soon as possible, it is better to sacrifice the tracking accuracy and adopt low-cost fixed bracket technology. This is the main reason why almost all solar power generation products in the world use fixed bracket technology. There are also the shortcomings of low heat collection efficiency and high cost. The current photovoltaic and photothermal technologies are difficult to adapt to the needs of solar houses, and there is a lack of photovoltaic and photothermal system integration technologies in the market. There are two ways to improve the efficiency of photothermal heat collection. One is to greatly improve the conversion rate of photoelectric and photothermal, but it can still be achieved in the short term with the current technology. Therefore, at the moment when the photoelectric and photothermal conversion rates are difficult to greatly improve, to provide a solar power generation and heat collection technology that can not only achieve the purpose of chasing the sun but also has practical value and can be widely promoted and applied is the current solar room. Technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the field.

technical problem

At present, the photovoltaic power generation system of the solar house adopts the fixed bracket technology that cannot keep up with the sun. Due to the low power generation, it is difficult to meet the load demand. Can the photovoltaic and solar-thermal integration technology be used to improve the heating and cooling efficiency of the solar house? , is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the solar room industry.

technical solutions

In view of the above-mentioned defects, the solar house provided by the present invention does not require a photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system of a photoelectric sensor, so that the above-mentioned technical problems are solved.

In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows.

Photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system for solar houses without photoelectric sensors, including solar angle controllers, pillars, photovoltaic panels, and heat collectors. The tracking system is divided into two different types: 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional tracking. Among the types, there are two different modes: 1+1 and 1+N. In the 1+1 mode, there are two different combinations of the rotating strut and the moving strut or the rotating strut and the moving bracket. The rotating support is a kind of intelligent electric column, which is fixed on the ground. The column is mainly composed of a shaft and a hollow tube. The hollow tube is fixed on the shaft and rotates together with the shaft and cannot move up and down. The base is composed of a polygonal or circular cylinder with a circular interface in the center, K feet are installed around it, each foot is fixedly installed with a universal wheel, and the top of the T-shaped hollow tube is installed. A beam is fixed, and the lower end is inserted into the interface of the base and fixed on the base. The moving bracket is composed of an inverted U frame, a beam, and a universal wheel. The bottom of the beam is fixedly installed with X pulleys or universal wheels. , the upper part of the beam is fixedly installed with an inverted U frame, and the upper part of the inverted U frame is provided with an interface. The 1+N mode refers to the use of a combination of a driving motor and a mechanical drive to drive different combinations of non-rotating struts. Rotation, the first type of different combinations is N rotating struts and N moving struts, and the second is N rotating struts and W groups of moving brackets. The structure of the moving struts and the moving brackets is the same as the above. It is fixed on the ground through the base, except that there is no motor and mechanical transmission mechanism installed in the base, the rest including the column is the same as that of the intelligent electric column in 1+1 mode, but an additional one or two are added to the shaft. A double ring member or a gear with rings at both ends, one end of the double ring member is fixedly installed under the hollow tube and fixed on the shaft, and the other end is a beam bolted to the east or west N double ring members are fixedly installed on the rod, the other end of the beam with the ring is fixed on the vertical shaft, the vertical shaft is the shaft in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the gear is fixedly installed under the hollow tube of the rotating support Fixed on the shaft, the gears of the N rotating struts are linked together by a closed chain, one end of the chain is linked with the mechanical transmission mechanism, and the driving motor drives the N rotations together through the mechanical transmission mechanism including double ring members or chains. The pillars rotate at the same time, a frame inclined to the ground, one end is fixed on the intelligent electric column or the column of the rotating pillar through P triangular brackets, and the other end is fixed on the mobile pillar or mobile bracket, the bottom of the triangular brackets The end is fixed on the moving column or the moving bracket, and the rest is fixed with the frame. The frame and the moving column or the moving bracket generate a circular motion through the triangular bracket with the rotation of the intelligent electric column or the rotating column. In the 1 latitude tracking system, It has no driving device, but only adjusts the azimuth; in the 2-latitude tracking system, there is a driving device, which adjusts the azimuth and inclination at the same time; thus constructing a 1+1 or 1+N mode of a 1-latitude or 2-dimensional tracking system , the photovoltaic panel is installed on the system to become a photovoltaic system, and photovoltaic panels and heat collectors are installed. The device becomes a photoelectric and photothermal integrated system. In these two different systems, photovoltaic panels are installed separately at the top of the smart electric prop or the rotating prop. In the 1-latitude photoelectric tracking system, the photovoltaic panels are fixedly installed above In the inclined frame, the photovoltaic panel installed on the top of the intelligent electric pillar or the rotating pillar has a type II component fixed at the bottom, and a curved column is fixed on the type II component so that the photovoltaic panel is inclined to the ground, and the bottom of the curved column is fixedly installed At the top of the smart electric pillar or rotating pillar; in the 2-latitude tracking system, the photovoltaic panels are connected by two different types: fixed and hinged. The photovoltaic panels at the top of the column or rotating support are connected by hinges, the bottom of which is fixed with a type II member, a hollow tube is fixed on the type II member, and the tops of the two T-shaped hollow tubes are hingedly connected by the members of the hinge device to form a hinge device. , one of the T-shaped hollow tubes is inserted into the top of the intelligent electric column or the rotating column for fixed connection, and the other T-shaped hollow tube is inserted into or sleeved in the hollow tube at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel for bolted connection. The installation of the drive device is in 1+1 Or 1+N mode is fixedly installed on each pillar, the top of the driving device is bolted to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, and the other end is installed on the intelligent electric column or rotating column, which will be together with the intelligent electric column or rotating column. Rotating, the driving device is an intelligent electric column that can be lifted and lowered. The column is mainly composed of a polygonal or circular nut, a threaded shaft, and a hollow tube. The axis moves up and down, and the collectors of the photothermal system are divided into two different types: distributed flat plate collectors or concentrators. The concentrators are mainly composed of polygonal concentrators, brackets, vacuum It is composed of heat collecting tubes. Both the bottom plate of the bracket and the concentrating plate are coated with reflective materials. The vacuum heat collecting tube is placed above the bottom plate of the bracket, and its two ends are fixed on the bracket. There are two different ways to connect with the bracket: direct or indirect connection. The direct connection is that the polygonal concentrating plate and the bracket are connected obliquely and fixedly as a whole. The indirect connection is that the intelligent electric column is connected to the bracket as a whole, and the intelligent electric column is used to adjust the opening of the concentrating plate. And closed, the intelligent electric column is fixedly installed around the bracket, the polygonal concentrating plate is fixed on the hollow tube, the hollow tube is fixed on the shaft and rotates together with the shaft, the cylinders of all the above intelligent electric columns are fixed on the base. On the other hand, its driving is carried out by the combination of the motor and the mechanical transmission mechanism fixed in the machine base. In the same way as the above photovoltaic panels are installed in the frame, the adjustment of the angle of the photoelectric and photothermal systems is to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panels instead, and it will be controlled by a solar angle controller equipped with an embedded angle sensor. The solar angle controller is an intelligent control device that uses time to control the angle of the photovoltaic panel to change. It mainly includes a main chip, an angle sensor, a G PS satellite positioning or electronic compass, clock chip, bluetooth, motor-driven module, the main chip reads the real-time clock and angle values, and controls the change of the angle of the photovoltaic panel according to different time periods. The clock chip is connected to the solar angle controller. After the power is turned on, GPS or Bluetooth will be automatically used for time calibration. The working principle of the photovoltaic panel angle adjustment is that the solar angle controller is installed on the same horizontal plane as the photovoltaic panel in the 2-latitude tracking, and is in the 1-latitude tracking. It is installed horizontally alone. When the time reaches the preset time, the controller receives a signal for adjusting the angle through GPS satellite positioning or electronic compass positioning, and then controls the motor control module to make the angle detection module rotate. In order to make the photovoltaic panel complete the horizontal or tilting action, the intelligent electric column or rotating support at this time will complete the horizontal or extending or retracting movement with the rotation of the motor, and push the photovoltaic panel to rotate to the predetermined position, while the analog output of the angle sensor will be simulated. The amount is converted by the analog-to-digital converter and sent to the main controller. The main controller then determines whether the photovoltaic panel has rotated to a predetermined angle according to this input, and controls the control module of the motor accordingly, thereby completing an angle adjustment. , the way to adjust the inclination angle multiple times is to use the input method. The angle value of each new adjustment is ψ-J*ψ/F in the morning period; in the noon period, the inclination angle is fixed, and in the afternoon period, it is γ+ψ/F, The calculated inclination angle value that needs to be adjusted each time is input into the storage module of the controller together with the corresponding analog voltage value or adjustment time. The specific implementation is that when the angle sensor is in the horizontal position, the angle is 0° When the output terminal Vo outputs an analog voltage of A volt, when the angle sensor has the maximum inclination angle ψ with the horizontal plane, it outputs an analog voltage of B volts. When the angle sensor is at 0°~ψ or ψ~ When the interval of 180° changes, the output voltage of the output terminal Vo will change from A volts to B volts or B volts to an analog voltage signal of A volts, so by measuring the voltage of the output terminal Vo of the angle sensor, the The angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal plane can be determined. The components of the hinge device are composed of a bottom plate and a C-block polygonal vertical plate. One end of the vertical plate with a circular arc has a hole, and the other end is welded and fixed to the bottom plate. When C=2, the components of the hinged device are connected by bolts, and when C>2, they are hingedly connected to form a hinged device. Different combinations of motors, mechanical transmission mechanisms, fixed or movable brackets are constructed to form a 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional tracking photoelectric and photothermal system. The adjustment of azimuth and inclination will be timed and solar angle controllers will be used. Control, the solar angle controller is based on the timing of time, by controlling the intelligent electric column or driving motor to drive the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel to move horizontally to the east or west, or to rotate the inclination from east to west, thereby adjusting the photovoltaic panel. The method of changing the azimuth or inclination of the plate with the change of time, the order of adjustment is: The azimuth angle is adjusted first, and the inclination angle is behind. The adjustment of the azimuth angle is controlled by the solar angle controller according to the signal output by the GPS or electronic compass module to control it to rotate eastward or westward. The adjustment of the inclination angle has an input method or a calculation method. There are two different methods. The adjustment of the inclination angle is an input method, and the input method is to use the maximum inclination angle arithmetic mean method to calculate the required adjustment of the inclination angle value and input it to the controller together with the corresponding adjustment time in advance. Among the storage modules, the arithmetic average method of the maximum inclination angle is the method of arithmetically averaging the maximum angle formed by the photovoltaic panels in the morning and afternoon according to the number of adjustments, and the time count is three or more times in a day. , The adjustment period of 2-dimensional tracking is divided into three periods: morning, noon, and afternoon, and three adjustments in one day. The photovoltaic panel, in the morning period, faces east, and has the largest inclination angle. At noon, it is horizontal; in the afternoon The time period is facing west, and the inclination angle is the largest. The multiple adjustment refers to the adjustment of the azimuth angle every E minutes in the morning or afternoon, and the inclination angle is adjusted F times in E minutes, so In the above input method, the angle value of the maximum inclination angle ψ of the photovoltaic panel is divided into F times according to the arithmetic average, and the angle value of each adjustment is ψ/F, and the orientation of the photovoltaic panel in the three time periods is the same as the adjustment three times within one day. , in the morning period, the angle value of each new adjustment is ψ-J*ψ/F, J is an integer number series value, the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is F; in the afternoon period, the angle value of each new adjustment is is γ+ψ/F, γ is the angle value at the previous moment of adjustment, each time the azimuth angle is adjusted, the inclination angle has returned to the initial position, and the 1-dimensional tracking solar angle controller without driving device is installed horizontally, The inclination angle is fixed, and the number of azimuth adjustment is the sum of all adjustment times in one day, calculated at every interval of D minutes.

beneficial effect

The 1-latitude or 2-latitude tracking technology provided by the present invention does not require the tracking technology of the photoelectric sensor, and at the moment when the conversion rate of photoelectricity and photothermal is difficult to greatly improve, the efficiency of power generation and heat collection is improved, and the photoelectricity and photothermal integration technology is adopted, The heating and cooling efficiency of the solar room is improved, and the technical problems to be solved urgently in the solar room industry are solved.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of a 2D tracking optoelectronic or optoelectronic and photothermal integrated system in 1+1 mode: symbol 1 is a photovoltaic panel, symbol 2 is a hollow tube at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, symbol 3 is two T-shaped hollow tubes The formed hinge device, the symbol 4 is the driving device, the symbol 5 is the frame/photovoltaic panel or the flat plate collector or the concentrating collector, the symbol 6 is the two T-shaped hollow tubes of the hinge device, the symbol 7 is the intelligent electric column, The symbol 8 is the base of the intelligent electric column, the symbol 9 is the beam at the top of the moving column, the symbol 10 is the hollow tube of the moving column, the symbol 11 is the base of the hollow tube, the symbol 12 is the foot of the moving column, the symbol 13 is the universal direction Wheel, symbol 14 is a triangular bracket; Figure 2 is a front view of an optoelectronic or optoelectronic and photothermal integrated system for 1-dimensional tracking in 1+1 mode: Symbol 15 is a curved column; Figure 3 is a 2-dimensional or 1+N mode. 1 Plane top view of the optoelectronic or optoelectronic and photothermal integrated system for latitude tracking: the symbol 16 is the gear on the drive motor shaft, the symbol 17 is the gear on the shaft of the rotating support, the symbol 18 is the closed chain, and the symbol 19 is the rotating support. Fig. 4 is the front view of the 2-dimensional tracking optoelectronic or optoelectronic and photothermal integrated system in the 1+N mode: the symbol 20 is the axis of the moving pillar; Figure 5 is the 1+N mode 1-dimensional tracking optoelectronic or optoelectronic and photothermal Front view of the all-in-one system.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Refer to Figure 1 for the front view of the 2D tracking system in the 1+1 mode. The PV Founder 1 is hingedly installed in the 2D tracking, and fixedly installed in the 1D tracking. Two T-shaped hollow tubes 6 are hinged to form a hinged device. 3. One T-shaped hollow tube 6 is fixedly connected to the hollow tube 2 of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the other is inserted into the intelligent electric column 7 for fixed connection. One end of the driving device 4 is connected to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the other end is fixed to the intelligent electric column. 7 with its rotation, the bottom end of one frame 5 is fixed on the beam 9 at the top of the moving column, and the rest of the frame is fixed on the intelligent electric column 7 through the triangular bracket 14, and the bottom end of the triangular bracket 14 is connected with the beam at the top of the moving column. 9. Fixed connection, the top of the T-shaped hollow tube 10 of the moving column is fixed to the beam 9, and the lower end is inserted into the base 11 for fixing. The base 11 has multiple feet 12, and each foot is installed with a universal wheel 13, thereby forming a In the latitude tracking system, a photovoltaic panel is fixedly installed in the frame 5 to become a photovoltaic power generation system, and a flat plate collector or a concentrating collector is fixedly installed to become a photovoltaic and photothermal integrated system. 2 is the front view of the 1-dimensional tracking system in the 1+1 mode. The 1-dimensional tracking has no driving device angle but only adjusts the azimuth angle. The photovoltaic panels or flat plate collectors or concentrating collectors are all fixedly installed in the frame, and the frame and the intelligent electric column 7 and the mobile column are installed in the same way as the 2 latitude tracking.

Referring to Figures 3 to 5, it is a 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional tracking system using gear linkage in the 1+N mode. The gear 16 of the driving motor is fixed on the shaft of the driving motor. The gear 17 is connected as a whole, with the rotation of the gear 16 on the drive motor shaft, the drive device 4 installed on the rotating support 19, the frame 5 and the moving support will also rotate together, thus forming a driving motor driven by a driving motor. A system that drives N groups of N groups of optoelectronic systems or N groups of optoelectronic and photothermal integrated systems to rotate together.

Embodiments of the present invention

The angle adjustment is three or more times in a day. The adjustment time period of the 2-dimensional tracking is divided into three periods: morning, noon, and afternoon. Three adjustments in one day, photovoltaic panels, in the morning period, facing east, The inclination angle is the largest, and it is horizontal at noon; in the afternoon, it faces west and the inclination angle is the largest. The multiple adjustment refers to the adjustment of the azimuth angle every E minute in the morning or afternoon. , the inclination angle is adjusted F times in E minutes, the angle value of the maximum inclination angle ψ of the photovoltaic panel in the input method is divided into F times according to the arithmetic average, and the angle value of each adjustment is ψ/F. The photovoltaic panel in the three time periods The orientation is the same as that of the three adjustments within 1 day. In the morning period, the angle value of each new adjustment is ψ-J*ψ/F, where J is an integer number series value, the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is F; In the afternoon period, the angle value of each new adjustment is γ+ψ/F, γ is the angle value at the previous moment of adjustment, each time the azimuth angle is adjusted, the inclination angle has returned to the original position, and there is no driving device. The solar angle controller with 1-dimensional tracking is installed horizontally, the inclination angle is fixed, and the number of azimuth adjustment is the sum of all adjustment times in one day, calculated at every interval of D minutes.

In the 2-dimensional tracking system of the 1+1 mode, after the installation is completed, the photovoltaic panel 1 and the frame 5 face east or west. At a predetermined time, the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 is adjusted first, and the azimuth angle adopts the electronic compass. module to determine the azimuth angle, the solar angle controller will obtain the azimuth angle of the sun facing east or west according to the signal output by the electronic compass module, and the controller will control the rotation of the motor of the intelligent electric column 7 through the angle sensor, and drive the shaft to rotate through the transmission mechanism. , when the shaft rotates, it drives the hollow tube and the triangular bracket 14 to rotate in the same direction, then the photovoltaic panel 1 and the frame 5 rotate in place with the intelligent electric column 7. The adjustment of the inclination of the photovoltaic panel 1 adopts the arithmetic average method of the maximum inclination angle. For the specific adjustment method, please refer to Section 0011, after the adjustment is completed, the system automatically returns to the original state.

In the 1-dimensional tracking system of the 1+1 mode, the adjustment of the azimuth is the same as the above paragraphs 0011~0012. The photovoltaic panel 1 and the frame 5 are rotated from the east in the morning to the west in the afternoon. Automatically return to the original state.

In the 1-latitude or 2-dimensional tracking system using gear linkage in the 1+N mode, the adjustment methods of the azimuth and inclination are the same as those of the 1-latitude or 2-latitude tracking in the above 1+1 mode. The adjustment method is as follows: At a predetermined time, the solar angle controller controls the drive motor to start driving the gear 16 to rotate according to the signal obtained by the angle sensor, and drives the chain 18 to rotate through the mechanical transmission mechanism, thereby driving the gear 1 and the shaft on the N rotating pillars 19. 20 rotates, the hollow tube fixed on the shaft 20 and the photovoltaic panel 1 at the top will also rotate with the shaft 20, so the photovoltaic panel 1 or the photovoltaic panel in the frame 5 or the flat plate collector or the concentrating heat collector The azimuth angle of the device is adjusted in place. Afterwards, during the 2-latitude tracking, the controller will start the motor on the drive device 4 to adjust the inclination of the photovoltaic panel 1. Refer to paragraph 0011 for the adjustment method.

Industrial Applicability

The solar house of the present invention does not need a photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system of a photoelectric sensor, and provides a tracking technology that does not require a photoelectric sensor for 1 latitude or 2 latitudes, which is different from the known fixed bracket technology and inductive tracking technology. The new non-inductive tracking technology has simple technology, low cost, and low self-loss power. At the moment when it is difficult to greatly improve the conversion rate of photoelectric and photothermal, the efficiency of power generation and heat collection is improved, and the integration of photoelectricity and photothermal is adopted. The tracking technology improves the cooling and heating efficiency of the solar room, and solves the technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the solar room industry, that is, the photovoltaic and photothermal systems can not only track the sun, but also have practical value and integrated The technical problem is that the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the photothermal heat collection efficiency of the present invention are increased by about 60% on average compared with the current fixed installation mode, which has good economic and ecological benefits.

Claims

Photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system for solar houses without photoelectric sensors, including solar angle controllers, pillars, photovoltaic panels, and heat collectors. The tracking system is divided into two different types: 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional tracking. Among the types, there are two different modes: 1+1 and 1+N. In the 1+1 mode, there are two different combinations of the rotating strut and the moving strut or the rotating strut and the moving bracket. The rotating support is a kind of intelligent electric column, which is fixed on the ground. The column is mainly composed of a shaft and a hollow tube. The hollow tube is fixed on the shaft and rotates together with the shaft and cannot move up and down. The base is composed of a polygonal or circular cylinder with a circular interface in the center, K feet are installed around it, each foot is fixedly installed with a universal wheel, and the top of the T-shaped hollow tube is installed. A beam is fixed, and the lower end is inserted into the interface of the base and fixed on the base. The moving bracket is composed of an inverted U frame, a beam, and a universal wheel. The bottom of the beam is fixedly installed with X pulleys or universal wheels. , the upper part of the beam is fixedly installed with an inverted U frame, and the upper part of the inverted U frame is provided with an interface. The 1+N mode refers to the use of a combination of a driving motor and a mechanical drive to drive different combinations of non-rotating struts. Rotation, the first type of different combinations is N rotating struts and N moving struts, and the second is N rotating struts and W groups of moving brackets. The structure of the moving struts and the moving brackets is the same as the above. It is fixed on the ground through the base, except that there is no motor and mechanical transmission mechanism installed in the base, the rest including the column is the same as that of the intelligent electric column in 1+1 mode, but an additional one or two are added to the shaft. A double ring member or a gear with rings at both ends, one end of the double ring member is fixedly installed under the hollow tube and fixed on the shaft, and the other end is a beam bolted to the east or west N double ring members are fixedly installed on the rod, the other end of the beam with the ring is fixed on the vertical shaft, the vertical shaft is the shaft in the mechanical transmission mechanism, the gear is fixedly installed under the hollow tube of the rotating support Fixed on the shaft, the gears of the N rotating struts are linked together by a closed chain, one end of the chain is linked with the mechanical transmission mechanism, and the driving motor drives the N rotations together through the mechanical transmission mechanism including double ring members or chains. The pillars rotate at the same time, a frame inclined to the ground, one end is fixed on the intelligent electric column or the column of the rotating pillar through P triangular brackets, and the other end is fixed on the mobile pillar or mobile bracket, the bottom of the triangular brackets The end is fixed on the moving column or the moving bracket, and the rest is fixed with the frame. The frame and the moving column or the moving bracket generate a circular motion through the triangular bracket with the rotation of the intelligent electric column or the rotating column. In the 1 latitude tracking system, It has no driving device, but only adjusts the azimuth; in the 2-latitude tracking system, there is a driving device, which adjusts the azimuth and inclination at the same time; thus constructing a 1+1 or 1+N mode of a 1-latitude or 2-dimensional tracking system , the photovoltaic panel is installed on the system to become a photovoltaic system, and photovoltaic panels and heat collectors are installed. The device becomes a photoelectric and photothermal integrated system. In these two different systems, photovoltaic panels are installed separately at the top of the smart electric prop or the rotating prop. In the 1-latitude photoelectric tracking system, the photovoltaic panels are fixedly installed above In the inclined frame, the photovoltaic panel installed on the top of the intelligent electric pillar or the rotating pillar has a type II component fixed at the bottom, and a curved column is fixed on the type II component so that the photovoltaic panel is inclined to the ground, and the bottom of the curved column is fixedly installed At the top of the smart electric pillar or rotating pillar; in the 2-latitude tracking system, the photovoltaic panels are connected by two different types: fixed and hinged. The photovoltaic panels at the top of the column or rotating support are connected by hinges, the bottom of which is fixed with a type II member, a hollow tube is fixed on the type II member, and the tops of the two T-shaped hollow tubes are hingedly connected by the members of the hinge device to form a hinge device. , one of the T-shaped hollow tubes is inserted into the top of the intelligent electric column or the rotating column for fixed connection, and the other T-shaped hollow tube is inserted into or sleeved in the hollow tube at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel for bolted connection. The installation of the drive device is in 1+1 Or 1+N mode is fixedly installed on each pillar, the top of the driving device is bolted to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, and the other end is installed on the intelligent electric column or rotating column, which will be together with the intelligent electric column or rotating column. Rotating, the driving device is an intelligent electric column that can be lifted and lowered. The column is mainly composed of a polygonal or circular nut, a threaded shaft, and a hollow tube. The axis moves up and down, and the collectors of the photothermal system are divided into two different types: distributed flat plate collectors or concentrators. The concentrators are mainly composed of polygonal concentrators, brackets, vacuum It is composed of heat collecting tubes. Both the bottom plate of the bracket and the concentrating plate are coated with reflective materials. The vacuum heat collecting tube is placed above the bottom plate of the bracket, and its two ends are fixed on the bracket. There are two different ways to connect with the bracket: direct or indirect connection. The direct connection is that the polygonal concentrating plate and the bracket are connected obliquely and fixedly as a whole. The indirect connection is that the intelligent electric column is connected to the bracket as a whole, and the intelligent electric column is used to adjust the opening of the concentrating plate. And closed, the intelligent electric column is fixedly installed around the bracket, the polygonal concentrating plate is fixed on the hollow tube, the hollow tube is fixed on the shaft and rotates together with the shaft, the cylinders of all the above intelligent electric columns are fixed on the base. On the other hand, its driving is carried out by the combination of the motor and the mechanical transmission mechanism fixed in the machine base. In the same way as the above photovoltaic panels are installed in the frame, the adjustment of the angle of the photoelectric and photothermal systems is to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panels instead, and it will be controlled by a solar angle controller equipped with an embedded angle sensor. The solar angle controller is an intelligent control device that uses time to control the angle of the photovoltaic panel to change. It mainly includes a main chip, an angle sensor, a G PS satellite positioning or electronic compass, clock chip, bluetooth, motor-driven module, the main chip reads the real-time clock and angle values, and controls the change of the angle of the photovoltaic panel according to different time periods. The clock chip is connected to the solar angle controller. After the power is turned on, GPS or Bluetooth will be automatically used for time calibration. The working principle of the photovoltaic panel angle adjustment is that the solar angle controller is installed on the same horizontal plane as the photovoltaic panel in the 2-latitude tracking, and is in the 1-latitude tracking. It is installed horizontally alone. When the time reaches the preset time, the controller receives a signal for adjusting the angle through GPS satellite positioning or electronic compass positioning, and then controls the motor control module to make the angle detection module rotate. In order to make the photovoltaic panel complete the horizontal or tilting action, the intelligent electric column or rotating support at this time will complete the horizontal or extending or retracting movement with the rotation of the motor, and push the photovoltaic panel to rotate to the predetermined position, while the analog output of the angle sensor will be simulated. The amount is converted by the analog-to-digital converter and sent to the main controller. The main controller then determines whether the photovoltaic panel has rotated to a predetermined angle according to this input, and controls the control module of the motor accordingly, thereby completing an angle adjustment. , the way to adjust the inclination angle multiple times is to use the input method. The angle value of each new adjustment is ψ-J*ψ/F in the morning period; in the noon period, the inclination angle is fixed, and in the afternoon period, it is γ+ψ/F, The calculated inclination angle value that needs to be adjusted each time is input into the storage module of the controller together with the corresponding analog voltage value or adjustment time. The specific implementation is that when the angle sensor is in the horizontal position, the angle is 0° When the output terminal Vo outputs an analog voltage of A volt, when the angle sensor has the maximum inclination angle ψ with the horizontal plane, it outputs an analog voltage of B volts. When the angle sensor is at 0°~ψ or ψ~ When the interval of 180° changes, the output voltage of the output terminal Vo will change from A volts to B volts or B volts to an analog voltage signal of A volts, so by measuring the voltage of the output terminal Vo of the angle sensor, the The angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal plane can be determined. The components of the hinge device are composed of a bottom plate and a C-block polygonal vertical plate. One end of the vertical plate with a circular arc has a hole, and the other end is welded and fixed to the bottom plate. When C=2, the components of the hinged device are connected by bolts, and when C>2, they are hingedly connected to form a hinged device. Different combinations of motors, mechanical transmission mechanisms, fixed or movable brackets are constructed to form a 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional tracking photoelectric and photothermal system. The adjustment of azimuth and inclination will be timed and solar angle controllers will be used. control.
The photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system for a solar house according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solar angle controller is based on the timing of time, and drives the orientation of the photovoltaic panel by controlling the intelligent electric column or the driving motor The angle is moved horizontally to the east or west, or the inclination is rotated from east to west, thereby adjusting the azimuth or inclination of the photovoltaic panel to change with the change of time. The order of adjustment is the azimuth adjustment first, After the inclination angle, the adjustment of the azimuth angle is controlled by the solar angle controller according to the signal output by the GPS or electronic compass module to control it to turn east or west. The adjustment of the inclination angle has two different methods: input method or calculation method. The adjustment of the inclination angle is an input method, and the input method is that the inclination angle value to be adjusted calculated by the maximum inclination angle arithmetic mean method is pre-input into the storage module of the controller together with the corresponding adjustment time. The arithmetic mean method of the maximum inclination angle is the arithmetic mean method of the maximum angle formed by the photovoltaic panels in the morning and afternoon according to the adjustment times.
The photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system for a solar house according to claim 2, characterized in that: the timing is three or more times in a day, and the adjustment time period of the 2-dimensional tracking is divided into morning , noon and afternoon, three adjustments in one day, photovoltaic panels, in the morning, facing east, the inclination angle is the largest, at noon, it is horizontal; in the afternoon, it faces west, the inclination is the largest, The multiple adjustment means that in the morning or afternoon, the azimuth angle is adjusted every E minutes, and the inclination angle is adjusted F times within E minutes, and the maximum inclination angle ψ of the photovoltaic panel in the input method. The angle value is divided into F times according to the arithmetic average. The angle value of each adjustment is ψ/F. The orientation of the photovoltaic panel in the three time periods is the same as that of the three adjustments in one day. In the morning period, the angle of each new adjustment is The value is ψ-J*ψ/F, J is an integer number series value, the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is F; in the afternoon, the angle value of each new adjustment is γ+ψ/F, and γ is the value before adjustment. The angle value at a moment, every time the azimuth angle is adjusted, the inclination angle has returned to the initial position, the 1-dimensional tracking solar angle controller without drive device is installed horizontally, the inclination angle is fixed, the number of azimuth angle adjustment , is the sum of all adjustment times in one day, calculated at every interval of D minutes.