CN101858246A - 内燃机 - Google Patents

内燃机 Download PDF

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CN101858246A
CN101858246A CN201010155600A CN201010155600A CN101858246A CN 101858246 A CN101858246 A CN 101858246A CN 201010155600 A CN201010155600 A CN 201010155600A CN 201010155600 A CN201010155600 A CN 201010155600A CN 101858246 A CN101858246 A CN 101858246A
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gas
combustion
chamber
ignition mechanism
firing chamber
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CN101858246B (zh
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B·迪鲁姆达姆
S·斯托尔
I·威尔克
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B15/00—Engines characterised by the method of introducing liquid fuel into cylinders and not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于燃气的内燃机，特别是奥托燃气发动机，其具有至少一个燃烧室，其中，在所述燃烧室中通入与燃气管路相连的燃气喷嘴，用于将燃气引入到该燃烧室中；并且还具有伸入到该燃烧室中的点火装置，用于点燃燃气。根据本发明，所述燃气喷嘴(7)是如此地通入该燃烧室(4)中的，即由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)对准所述点火装置(6)。

Description

内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1的前序部分所述的内燃机。
背景技术
DE 102 17 996A1公开了一种用于气态的燃料的内燃机。这种内燃机包括主燃烧室和与主燃烧室分开的预燃烧室。所述预燃烧室通过至少一个开口和主燃烧室连接。在所述燃烧室中通入与燃气管路相连的燃气喷嘴，用于将燃气引入到预燃烧室中。其中，所述燃气在调浓处在预燃烧室中的稀薄的燃气-空气-混合物的情况下，与所述处在预燃烧室中的稀薄的燃气-空气-混合物相混合。点火装置伸入到预燃烧室中，以点燃调浓的燃气-空气-混合物，并且最后用于点燃位于主燃烧室中的燃气-空气-混合物。
在运行时，这样一种内燃机的点火装置要经受高温。为了避免点火装置过早的磨损，并且因此提高它的使用寿命，在现有技术已公开的内燃机中对点火装置进行冷却，也就是通过下述措施，即将由燃气喷嘴引入到预燃烧室的比较冷的燃气与处在预燃烧室中的来自之前燃烧冲程的比较热的废气进行混合，这样，处在预燃烧室中的废气-空气-混合物和通过燃气喷嘴引入到相应的预燃烧室中的燃气所产生的混合物温度将相应的点火装置冷却。
然而通过这一措施只能保证对点火装置进行有限的冷却，因此需要有能对点火装置进行更加有效冷却的内燃机。
发明内容
据此，本发明的问题是提供一种新式的内燃机。所述问题通过按照权利要求1所述的一种内燃机得以解决。根据本发明，燃气喷嘴如此地通入燃烧室，即由燃气喷嘴引入燃烧室的燃气射束对准所述点火装置。
在根据本发明的内燃机中，燃气喷嘴是如此地通入到相应的燃烧室中的，即由燃气喷嘴引入到相应燃烧室中的燃气射束对准所述点火装置。通过这一措施对冷却装置提供一种强制冷却。这种强制冷却是对由位于燃烧室中的燃气-空气-混合物与由燃气喷嘴引入的燃气进行混合所产生的常规的冷却效果的支持。通过这一措施可明显地降低点火装置的温度载荷，其结果最后是提高点火装置的使用寿命。通过这一措施可明显地延长或者提高内燃机的维修周期。
附图说明
由从属权利要求和下述说明产生本发明的一些改进方案。下面借助附图对本发明的一些实施例进行更加详细的说明，但本发明不局限于这些实施例。所述附图是：
图1：根据本发明的内燃机的部分简图。
附图标记表
1  气缸盖
2  主燃烧室
3  构件
4  预燃烧室
5  开口
6  点火装置
7  燃气喷嘴
8  燃气射束
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的内燃机的优选的实施例的部分简图。所述内燃机优选地设计为一种奥托燃气发动机，这部分是在内燃机的气缸盖1的区域，所述气缸盖界定了内燃机的主燃烧室2。根据图1，在内燃机的气缸盖1上设置了构件3。所述构件优选地是拧入到气缸盖1中的，其中构件3界定了预燃烧室4。所述预燃烧室4和主燃烧室2分开，并且通过至少一个开口5和所述主燃烧室2连接。
点火装置6伸入到预燃烧室4中。所述点火装置优选地具有至少一个点火电极，并且设计为火花塞。通过和未示出的燃气管路相连接的燃气喷嘴7可将燃气喷射到预燃烧室4中，其中通过燃气喷嘴喷入预燃烧室4中的燃气在调浓处在预燃烧室4中的稀薄的燃气-空气-废气混合物的情况下，与所述处在预燃烧室4中的稀薄的燃气-空气-废气混合物相混合。所述点火装置用于点燃在预燃烧室4中的调浓的燃气-空气-混合物。
根据本发明，所述燃气喷嘴7这样配属于界定了预燃烧室4的构件3，即燃气喷嘴7是如此地通入预燃烧室4中的，使由燃气喷嘴7引入到预燃烧室4中的燃气射束8对准所述点火装置6。
在这种情况中，由燃气喷嘴7引入到预燃烧室4中的燃气射束8直接地环绕所述点火装置6，确切地说是优选环绕点火装置6的这个电极或者每个电极，或者环绕构件3上的点火装置6的底座。
在根据本发明的内燃机中可有效地冷却伸入到预燃烧室4中的点火装置6，也就是说既通过由燃气喷嘴7引入到预燃烧室4的比较冷的燃气与在预燃烧室4中存在的比较热的稀薄的燃气-废气-空气-混合物相混合，也通过根据本发明设置的燃气喷嘴7用比较冷的燃气对点火装置6进行环绕，通过这些措施可对点火装置6，特别是点火装置6的这个电极或者每个电极以及构件3上的点火装置的底座进行有效的强制对流冷却。
根据图1，点火装置6以及燃气喷嘴7设置在所述界定了预燃烧室4的构件3的彼此错位大致90°的壁体区段上，这样，由燃气喷嘴7引入到预燃烧室4中的燃气射束8的主延伸方向大致垂直于点火装置6的主延伸方向。
据此，在根据本发明的内燃机中，通过燃气喷嘴引入到燃烧室的燃气射束和燃气流就可用于对点火装置进行冷却。燃气射束对准相应应冷却的点火装置，这样，所述点火装置被燃气环流，通过这一措施达到对点火装置的一种有效的强制对流冷却。这种用燃气环绕点火装置的环流可直至设置到内燃机的180°的所谓曲轴角。根据本发明的用一种比较冷的燃气射束有针对性地对吹点火装置，提供了对点火装置的一种有效的冷却。这种冷却是对由比较冷的燃气与在燃烧室中存在的比较热的燃气-废气-空气-混合物相混合所形成的冷却的支持。通过这一措施可明显地减小点火装置的温度载荷。通过这一措施最终可提高点火装置的使用寿命。
虽然优选由燃气喷嘴7引入到预燃烧室4中的燃气射束8对点火装置6进行直接环绕，然而下述做法也是可行的，即由燃气喷嘴7引入到预燃烧室4的燃气射束8掠过点火装置6，或者间接地例如通过直接迎流的壁体对点火装置6进行环绕。

Claims (8)

1.用于燃气的内燃机，特别是奥托燃气发动机，其具有至少一个燃烧室，其中，在所述燃烧室中通入与燃气管路相连的燃气喷嘴，用于将燃气引入到该燃烧室中；并且还具有伸入到该燃烧室中的点火装置，用于点燃燃气，其特征在于，所述燃气喷嘴(7)是如此地通入该燃烧室(4)中的，即由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)对准所述点火装置(6)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述燃气喷嘴(7)是如此地通入燃烧室(4)中的，即由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)环绕所述点火装置(6)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)环绕所述点火装置(6)的至少一个电极和/或火点装置(6)的底座。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述燃气喷嘴(7)是如此地通入燃烧室(4)中的，即由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)的主延伸方向大致垂直于点火装置(6)的主延伸方向。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述燃气喷嘴(7)和点火装置(6)设在彼此大致错位90°且界定了燃烧室(4)的壁体区段上。
6.按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)直接对准所述点火装置(6)，并且直接环绕所述点火装置(6)。
7.按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述由燃气喷嘴(7)引入到预燃烧室(4)中的燃气射束(8)掠过所述点火装置(6)，或者间接地例如通过直接迎流的壁体来环绕所述点火装置(6)。
8.按照权利要求1至7中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，设有主燃烧室(2)和与该主燃烧室(2)分开的预燃烧室(4)，其中，所述预燃烧室(4)通过至少一个开口(5)和主燃烧室(2)连接，其中，在所述燃烧室(4)中通入与燃气管路相连的燃气喷嘴(7)，用于将燃气引入到所述预燃烧室(4)中，并在调浓处在预燃烧室(4)中的稀薄的燃气-废气-空气-混合物的情况下，与所述处在预燃烧室(4)中的稀薄的燃气-废气-空气-混合物相混合，并且能够通过伸入到预燃烧室(4)中的点火装置(6)使调浓的燃气-空气-混合物点火。
CN201010155600.7A 2009-04-04 2010-04-02 内燃机 Expired - Fee Related CN101858246B (zh)

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WO2020150759A1 (de) * 2019-01-22 2020-07-30 Avl List Gmbh Zylinderkopf einer brennkraftmaschine
CN113982740B (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-08-26 山东大学 一种用于发动机燃烧系统的预燃室、燃烧系统及工作方法

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US4180021A (en) * 1977-03-28 1979-12-25 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of injecting fuel and a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine
EP0079736A1 (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-05-25 Kenji Watanabe Internal combustion engine for hydrogen gas
US5222993A (en) * 1992-09-28 1993-06-29 Gas Research Institute Ignition system for water-cooled gas engines
JPH10153121A (ja) * 1996-11-21 1998-06-09 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd 副室式ガス機関の副室形状

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DE10217996A1 (de) 2002-04-23 2003-11-13 Man B & W Diesel Ag Selbstzündende gemischverdichtende Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb

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JPS4917905U (zh) * 1972-05-24 1974-02-15
US4005684A (en) * 1974-08-08 1977-02-01 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
US4180021A (en) * 1977-03-28 1979-12-25 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of injecting fuel and a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine
EP0079736A1 (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-05-25 Kenji Watanabe Internal combustion engine for hydrogen gas
US5222993A (en) * 1992-09-28 1993-06-29 Gas Research Institute Ignition system for water-cooled gas engines
JPH10153121A (ja) * 1996-11-21 1998-06-09 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd 副室式ガス機関の副室形状

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FI20105270A0 (fi) 2010-03-18
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JP2010242740A (ja) 2010-10-28
CN101858246B (zh) 2014-03-05

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