CN101849616A - Preparation method of pure powder particles of enteromorpha feed additive - Google Patents
Preparation method of pure powder particles of enteromorpha feed additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN101849616A CN101849616A CN200910020281A CN200910020281A CN101849616A CN 101849616 A CN101849616 A CN 101849616A CN 200910020281 A CN200910020281 A CN 200910020281A CN 200910020281 A CN200910020281 A CN 200910020281A CN 101849616 A CN101849616 A CN 101849616A
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Abstract
The invention relates to animal feed, in particular to a preparation method of pure powder particles of an enteromorpha feed additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) primarily processing to remove impurities; (2) drying enteromorpha; (3) crushing the enteromorpha; (4) tempering; (5) pelletizing; and (6) cooling and drying to obtain the finished product of enteromorpha feed. The invention product has rich nutrition and good product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal feed, specifically the preparation method of pure powder particles of enteromorpha feed additive.
Background technology
Enteromorpha (Entermorpha) is the pure order Shi Chun of a Chlorophyta stone section plant, aboundresources in the wild algae of China, be distributed widely in the southeastern coastal areas, it just is eaten from ancient times, also as fertilizer and animal feed, this is because it contains a certain amount of carbohydrate, protein and trace element, according to " occupying diet spectrum with breath " record: Enteromorpha " courage that disappears, the scrofula goiter and tumor that disappears, let out bloated, the soil that reduces phlegm, harnesses the river refuse to obey "; Compendium of Material Medica note has Enteromorpha " burn last nasal insufflation and end bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue, soup overflows to smash and applies the back of the hand and swell and ache "; The Tang Dynasty Lee sacrifice one's life for and claim in the volume " Haiyao Bencao, Oversea Materia Medica " " the sea lettuce master is secret obstructed, five gas of separating, and difficult urination, navel is knot gas down, should liquor drinks it ".Coastal the spreading so far of China controlled acute and chronic enterogastritis with the decoction of sea lettuce class, and the relieve summer heating Detoxication beverage is then made Enteromorpha in Guangdong; China's southeastern coast and Korea S, Japan and other countries have the long history of using Enteromorpha.
Utilization in aquaculture in the world, as aquatic products and the livestock feed history of existing decades, countries such as Ireland, Britain, South Africa, India, New Zealand have all set up the professional factory of seaweed fodder and have come the large-scale production seaweed fodder with seawood meal.Seawood meal contains very abundant and unique nutriment, also contain the large number of biological active material, in aquatic products and animal husbandry, much test and studies have shown that, marine alga has no side effect to animal, use as feed addictive, the trophic structure of feed can be improved and efficiency of feed utilization can be improved, most eels, shrimp, crab there is growth promoting function preferably, and can strengthen immunity, and can improve the survival rate of elver fish, shrimp, crab effectively, improve the quality of the flesh of fish, particularly chlorella powder has aromatic odor, is eel, shrimp, crab phagostimulant.Norway is maximum in the world seawood meal production of fodder state, and states such as Denmark, Britain, France, the U.S., Canada, Japan and Norway all are added with the seawood meal of certain ratio in animal feed.The Enteromorpha deep processed product is widely used in aquaculture and livestock and poultry cultivation as seaweeds breeding feed or feed addictive, can promote the growth of livestock and poultry such as aquatic livestock such as fishes and shrimps shellfish and cattle and sheep effectively, improves output, improves meat and body colour, improves quality.Can improve simultaneously the premunition of letting animals feed, improve health, thereby the consumption of minimizing antibiotic and other chemicals reduces the medicament residue in the aquatic products, improves the aquatic products quality.
More than analyze as can be seen, the pure powder of enteromorpha feed is very popular medicine, food and feed additive, and its market prospects are very wide, and potentiality to be exploited is huge.China's marine site Enteromorpha resource is very abundant, all there is distribution coastal provinces, Enteromorpha has a high potential as the development and use of feed, and the industrialization of enteromorpha feed export base will realize the large-scale processing and utilization of Enteromorpha, the large-scale industrialized production of enteromorpha feed and extensive use to deep development and the marine algae resource that makes full use of China's abundant, strengthen the international competitiveness of feed export enterprise, expand export and earn foreign exchange, have important profound significance.
China has carried out some researchs to the seaweed fodder powder over nearly 10 years, but compared with developed countries, its production and application level are also far apart.In the world, particularly China utilizes Enteromorpha traditionally mostly with farmers''s form, directly does as food or feed with bright Enteromorpha or by drying into Enteromorpha naturally, and being far from being is the deep processing of real meaning.At present, the Enteromorpha deep processed product is also less, mainly contains Enteromorpha dry plate, the smart powder of Enteromorpha and Enteromorpha green alga essence etc.
At present, China does not also have the processing process of the fresh Enteromorpha of processing (Enteromorphaprolifera) system, extensive.2008, the green tide of Huanghai Sea middle part outburst large-scale Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera), only the salvaging amount the Qingdao bank just surpasses 1,000,000 tons, and this provides material base for extensive recycling Enteromorpha.The frond of Enteromorpha is the long filament shape, and is long and thin, cleans easily winding, leakage with conventional method, is difficult to impurity such as peace and quiet silt; Contain abundant chlorophyll in the Enteromorpha simultaneously and be emerald green, and the chlorophyll of Enteromorpha very easily destroys in process, bleaches and the bad change of fading.Simultaneously, Enteromorpha contains the salinity height, also easily causes green bleaching with the fresh water desalination.Therefore, the Enteromorpha deep processing should be noted resolving cleaning, protect green lands and the technical problem of desalination.These all are the important technological problems that needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of pure powder particles of enteromorpha feed additive of nutritious, superior product quality.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The preparation method of pure powder particles of enteromorpha feed additive,
1) impurity is rejected in preliminary treatment; Detailed process is: at first primary dcreening operation is removed the nonmetallic inclusions such as stone, clod and the rope made of hemp in the raw material; The metal impurities in the raw material are removed in magnetic separation then
2) oven dry of Enteromorpha: adopt dryer to dry processing, when the Enteromorpha raw material after the preliminary treatment being dried processing, bake out temperature is set at about 750-850 ℃, and the remaining time of material in the oven dry tube is 25-40 minute;
3) pulverizing of Enteromorpha: the Enteromorpha crushing process adopts pulverizer to operate, and pulverizer adopts the sieve sheet of aperture≤1.0mm (aperture can be 0.3-1.0mm usually) to pulverize;
4) modified: modified is that feed is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, its starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, feed are softened, the granular material refining temperature is 80～85 ℃, the saturation degree of steam (mass dryness fraction) X=0.6～0.9 o'clock, steam pressure is controlled at 0.18～0.40 MPa, pressure oscillation amplitude≤0.05 MPa; The overall modified time is 2～3 minutes, reaches the water content of granulation required 15%～17% after making the granular material absorption or adding moisture;
5) granulate: pelletization mainly be the Enteromorpha powder modified after the ring mould is squeezed into the process of the particle that needs size, adopt feeding stuff cuber to operate, the enteromorpha feed compression ratio should be selected for use between the 7-9, under 125～145 ℃ of conditions, continue 2～3 minutes, the extruding feed link is crossed steel die, forms pellet;
6) cool drying gets the enteromorpha feed finished product; Detailed process is: pellet cool time in cooler is 10～25 minutes, cooling duct apoplexy speed control is built in the 15-20 meter per second, by making its temperature not be higher than 5 ℃ of environment temperatures (making its temperature after the cooling usually is 15-40 ℃) after the cooling, moisture gets the enteromorpha feed finished product less than 13% (the moisture weight content can be 5-13% usually).
The present invention has following advantage:
1, carries out on the basis of the nutritional labeling of affirmation Enteromorpha: confirm that Enteromorpha (Enteromorphaprolifera) is a kind of high protein, low fat, the abundant green alga of content of mineral substances.
2, adopt artificial and advanced modes such as magnetic separation to guarantee that the Enteromorpha raw material is qualified: the Enteromorpha raw material needs it is carried out the receiving sieve choosing; In addition, this project is utilized the Enteromorpha raw material characteristic different with the impurity magnetic conductivity, carries out magnetic separation with advanced magnetic method, guarantees the safe, pure of Enteromorpha raw material.
3, adopt advanced cylinder dryer to dry processing: when the Enteromorpha raw material being dried processing, bake out temperature should be set at about 750-850 ℃, the remaining time of material in the oven dry tube is 25-40 minute, when reducing moisture, can effectively kill the harmful organism that to carry in the Enteromorpha, guarantee the hygienic quality safety of product, and ensure that at utmost chlorophyll is not destroyed in process.
4, cross and cross making feeding quality height: the modified back of Enteromorpha moisture is controlled at 15.5-17%; Pellet makes its temperature not be higher than 5 ℃ of environment temperatures after cooling off, and moisture is less than 13%; In the technological design, guarantee that pellet stopped 15-25 minute in cooler, guarantee that like this particle is inside and outside by fully dry.Through every standard detection, the feed of the project construction is all good.
5, this technology can be handled bright Enteromorpha in a large number: the fresh Enteromorpha that this technology can mass disposal salvages, the amount of day handling fresh Enteromorpha can reach the 50-100 ton, is suitable for industrialization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is enteromorpha feed processing process figure.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
This experiment ended in November, 2009 since 2008 9.The Enteromorpha raw material picks up from Qingdao.The process operation process of enteromorpha feed is with above-mentioned experimental implementation, and processing producer is a Qingdao Ke Naier Co., Ltd.Main technique flow process following (Fig. 1).
The manufacture craft flow process is as follows:
1, Enteromorpha Determination of nutritional components
The present invention has at first measured the main dry composition of Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera), and main matter content sees Table 1.From the result of the basic nutrition constituent analysis of Enteromorpha, Enteromorpha is a kind of high protein, low fat, the abundant green alga of content of mineral substances.
The basic nutrition composition of table 1 Enteromorpha
2, just clear operation
For the Enteromorpha raw material that is up to the standards, need it is carried out the receiving sieve choosing.Because impurity such as native stone, tile, plastic sheeting are wherein often sneaked in the restriction of the growing environment of Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera) easily, are provided with primary screen at the raw material dog-house, can filter out stone, clod and the rope made of hemp etc. in the raw material.Simultaneously,, need it is carried out repeatedly clear assorted reason, generally also can be aided with the mode of hand picking, guarantee nonmetallic inclusion full scale clearance wherein for the Enteromorpha raw material that enters factory.
3, magnetic separation operation
Because might there be the pollution of ironwares such as fish hook in the place of production of Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha proklifera), so this project is utilized the Enteromorpha raw material characteristic different with the impurity magnetic conductivity, uses the magnetic method magnetic separation.Basic principle is a character of utilizing magnetic metal very easily to be magnetized, the magnetic metal impurity in raw material be magnetized the back with opposite pole attract each other and and feed separation.Suitable for reading at pulverizer, granulator is suitable for reading and elevator end opening place all will be equipped with magnet so that remove metal impurities such as iron nail, iron block, magnet per tour inspection is cleared up once, assurance equipment carries out work according to the rules.
4, the baking operation of Enteromorpha
For Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera) through preliminary treatment, need it is dried processing, reduce moisture wherein, be convenient to carry out follow-up processing and handle.Project adopts advanced cylinder dryer to dry processing.When the Enteromorpha raw material being dried processing, bake out temperature is set at about 750 ℃, and the remaining time of material in the oven dry tube is 40 minutes, when reducing moisture, can effectively kill the harmful organism that to carry in the Enteromorpha, guarantee the hygienic quality safety of product.
5, the pulverizing process of Enteromorpha
Crushing process major control grinding particle size and uniformity thereof.But pulverizing can improve the digestibility of feed nutrient, the size of feed grinding particle size, and what directly have influence on animal digests and assimilates, pulverizes cost, subsequent machining technology and product quality, and the material grinding granularity of controlling well is a key link of production of fodder.Grinding particle size should satisfy the needs of animal, makes granulating efficiency, power consumption and pulverization rate all comparatively reasonable again.
Whether product granularity is fit to depend on largely whether selected disintegrating apparatus is suitable, dissimilar disintegrating apparatus is suitable for different grinding particle sizes and requires product with property of raw material, therefore aborning will be according to the characteristic of Enteromorpha, in time adjust the disintegrating process parameter, adapt to the variation requirement of grinding particle size by multiple regulating measures such as work flow, screen size, inlet amount, rotating speeds.Grinding particle size is one of important processing index of feed product, tackle each kind product after pulverizing, mix back or finished product sample examination, carry out granularity Detection in strict accordance with industry standard, carry out necessary adjustment according to measurement result.Project uses the sieve sheet of 1.0mm to pulverize.The Enteromorpha grinding particle size that obtains distributes: what 3.35mm was above must not surpass 1%; What 2mm was above must not surpass 5%; Account for 20% more than the 1mm; 0.5mm more than account for 30%; 0.25mm more than account for 24%; 0.25mm below must not be lower than 20%.The Enteromorpha disintegrating process adopts the feed grinder group to carry out.
6, modified
Modified is that feed is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, and its starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, feed are softened, and has both improved the quality and the effect of compressed granulate, improves the nutritive value of feed again, improves the palatability and the digestibility thereof of feed.The quality of pellet quality modifiedly plays important effect.For mash feed, the modified back of project moisture is controlled at 15.5-17%, and effect is better in this scope, if modified back moisture surpasses 17%, adhesion descends between the feed particle, and material produces and skids, can not be pressed into nib, the particle powder of making is many and cause stifled machine phenomenon easily.The fineness of pulverizing also influences modified quality, in general, raw meal particle size is thin more within the specific limits, granular mass is good more, and its reason is that granule can have more contact area with steam when modifier treatment, and modified amount of cure is higher, animal digests and assimilates easily, and fine size can reduce the crackle of particle, is difficult for broken and fracture, and the particle surface quality of making is good.The granular material refining temperature of project is 80～85 ℃, the saturation degree of steam (mass dryness fraction) X=0.6～0.9 o'clock, steam pressure is controlled at 0.18～0.40 MPa, and will guarantee that steam pressure reaches stable all the time, and the pressure oscillation amplitude generally should be greater than 0.05 MPa.Be issued to 11 ℃ of the every risings of granular material in this condition, its moisture increases by 1%.The overall modified time is 2～3 minutes, reaches the water content of granulation required 15%～17% after making the granular material absorption or adding moisture.
7, granulate
The process of granulating mainly be the Enteromorpha powder modified after the ring mould is squeezed into the process of the particle that needs size, adopt feeding stuff cuber to operate.The pellet quality that the ring mould comes out to extruding has direct influence, uses the type of ring mould also to have nothing in common with each other to different types of feed, and the ring mould of stainless steel material is selected in this research for use, and its rigidity and toughness are better; Under the prerequisite that satisfies ring mould intensity, select the high ring mould of percent opening, to reduce electric energy loss; The compression ratio of ring mould is the effective length of ring nib and the ratio that encircles the minimum diameter of nib, and compression ratio is big more, and the pellet of extruding is solid more, but output is lower.This project enteromorpha feed compression ratio should be selected for use between 7, and temperature is after keeping 3 minutes modified finishing under 80 ℃ of conditions, to continue 3 minutes under 125 ℃ of conditions, and the extruding feed link is crossed steel die, forms pellet.Because of outer pellet is primarily aimed at large-scale livestock, so pellet is bigger, feed is column, and diameter is 5 millimeters, and length is 2 centimetres.
8, cool drying
Cool drying technology directly affects the quality of finished feed particle.Too high and the moisture of temperature too high all being unfavorable for stores, and is easy to go mouldy, and contains powder rate height, difference of hardness.The effect of cooling is relevant with speed with ventilation, time, and the time is too short, causes cooling insufficient.This project pellet cool time is 10 minutes, and cooling duct apoplexy speed control is built in 20 meter per seconds, and by making its temperature not be higher than 5 ℃ of environment temperatures after the cooling, moisture is less than 13%.Could guarantee that like this particle is inside and outside by fully dry, otherwise cause hot particle surface cooling easily rapidly, inner institute's heat content and moisture are not sucked out, and cause breakage of particles, influence particle surface quality and ratio of briquetting.
9, the packaging process of finished product
When the enteromorpha feed finished product of producing was packed, the finished product pack will be accomplished finished product is accurately weighed, and standard is sealed in accordance with regulations.Should strengthen simultaneously safe and sanitary education and supervision, avoid in this link owing to misoperation causes microbial contamination to the packaging process workman.
Result of study: the enteromorpha feed that comes out for the project construction, with reference to standard GB/T14699.1-1993 " the feed method of sampling ", regularly it is sampled and check by quality inspection personnel.Detect content except that quality project such as moisture, protein content etc., answer emphasis that the safe and sanitary project is detected, the particularly detection of microorganism project, as total number of bacteria, salmonella etc., testing result shows, product hygienic quality safety is qualified fully.
1) investigation of enteromorpha feed content of beary metal
The cell membrane of algae mainly is the network structure that is made of polysaccharide, protein and fat, has certain negative electrical charge, and bigger surface area and stickiness are arranged.In addition, cell membrane is the pellicle with high selectivity, but these structures shape algae enriched in metals ion, to the adsorption capacity of Cu, Pb, Cd, far above other biological species.Therefore, Enteromorpha adds in the mixed feed after processing is as feed addictive, and the content of beary metal of mixed feed must meet the requirement of forage health standard (GB13078-2001), therefore is necessary the content of beary metal of enteromorpha feed additive is tested.The testing result of Enteromorpha seaweed fodder heavy metal sees Table 4.
The content of the heavy metal in the table 2 Enteromorpha seaweed fodder
The Enteromorpha drying and be processed into feed after, its salt content is higher, is suitable as the additive of ox feed.In mixed feed, add the addition of Enteromorpha additive generally about 2%, because it is not high to add in the less and enteromorpha feed of Liu's proportion content of beary metal, therefore, the content of beary metal of the feed of making in the project is no more than the requirement of forage health standard.
2) detection of salmonella
Enteromorpha comes from the sea, may have pathogenic microorganisms such as salmonella, but because enteromorpha feed has baking step in process of manufacture, bake out temperature reaches 800 degree, the remaining time of Enteromorpha in the oven dry tube is 25 minutes, so harmful bacterium all can be killed.Enteromorpha feed has carried out the salmonella check after production, the result is negative.
By 2 batches of Qingdao Ke Naier Co., Ltd test large-scale production enteromorpha feeds; amount to 29 tons; can be used for foreign exchange earning; the enteromorpha feed export base is significant for making up; to deep development and the marine algae resource that makes full use of China's abundant; to promoting China nuisanceless; green; the production of organic food; improve the quality safety of agricultural product; enhance our international competitiveness, expand export and earn foreign exchange, promote plant husbandry; the enforcement of the sound development of beasts, birds and aquatic products aquaculture and pollution-free food action plan; make growth of agricultural efficiency; increasing peasant income improve and preserve the ecological environment, and promote national health and have important profound significance.
Embodiment 2
This experiment ended in November, 2009 since 2008 9.The Enteromorpha raw material picks up from Qingdao.The process operation process of enteromorpha feed is with above-mentioned experimental implementation, and processing producer is a Qingdao Ke Naier Co., Ltd.Main technique flow process such as Fig. 1.
The manufacture craft flow process is as follows:
1, Enteromorpha Determination of nutritional components
The present invention has at first measured the main dry composition of Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera), and main matter content sees Table 1.From the result of the basic nutrition constituent analysis of Enteromorpha, Enteromorpha is a kind of high protein, low fat, the abundant green alga of content of mineral substances.
The basic nutrition composition of table 1 Enteromorpha
2, just clear operation
For the Enteromorpha raw material that is up to the standards, need it is carried out the receiving sieve choosing.Because impurity such as native stone, tile, plastic sheeting are wherein often sneaked in the restriction of the growing environment of Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera) easily, are provided with primary screen at the raw material dog-house, can filter out stone, clod and the rope made of hemp etc. in the raw material.Simultaneously,, need it is carried out repeatedly clear assorted reason, generally also can be aided with the mode of hand picking, guarantee nonmetallic inclusion full scale clearance wherein for the Enteromorpha raw material that enters factory.
3, magnetic separation operation
Because might there be the pollution of ironwares such as fish hook in the place of production of Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera), so this project is utilized the Enteromorpha raw material characteristic different with the impurity magnetic conductivity, uses the magnetic method magnetic separation.Basic principle is a character of utilizing magnetic metal very easily to be magnetized, the magnetic metal impurity in raw material be magnetized the back with opposite pole attract each other and and feed separation.Suitable for reading at pulverizer, granulator is suitable for reading and elevator end opening place all will be equipped with magnet so that remove metal impurities such as iron nail, iron block, magnet per tour inspection is cleared up once, assurance equipment carries out work according to the rules.
4, the baking operation of Enteromorpha
For Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera) through preliminary treatment, need it is dried processing, reduce moisture wherein, be convenient to carry out follow-up processing and handle.Project adopts advanced cylinder dryer to dry processing.When the Enteromorpha raw material being dried processing, bake out temperature is set at about 850 ℃, and the remaining time of material in the oven dry tube is 25 minutes, when reducing moisture, can effectively kill the harmful organism that to carry in the Enteromorpha, guarantee the hygienic quality safety of product.
5, the pulverizing process of Enteromorpha
Crushing process major control grinding particle size and uniformity thereof.But pulverizing can improve the digestibility of feed nutrient, the size of feed grinding particle size, and what directly have influence on animal digests and assimilates, pulverizes cost, subsequent machining technology and product quality, and the material grinding granularity of controlling well is a key link of production of fodder.Grinding particle size should satisfy the needs of animal, makes granulating efficiency, power consumption and pulverization rate all comparatively reasonable again.
Whether product granularity is fit to depend on largely whether selected disintegrating apparatus is suitable, dissimilar disintegrating apparatus is suitable for different grinding particle sizes and requires product with property of raw material, therefore aborning will be according to the characteristic of Enteromorpha, in time adjust the disintegrating process parameter, adapt to the variation requirement of grinding particle size by multiple regulating measures such as work flow, screen size, inlet amount, rotating speeds.Grinding particle size is one of important processing index of feed product, tackle each kind product after pulverizing, mix back or finished product sample examination, carry out granularity Detection in strict accordance with industry standard, carry out necessary adjustment according to measurement result.Project uses the sieve sheet of 1.0mm to pulverize.The Enteromorpha grinding particle size that obtains distributes: what 3.35mm was above must not surpass 1%; What 2mm was above must not surpass 5%; Account for 20% more than the 1mm; 0.5mm more than account for 30%; 0.25mm more than account for 24%; 0.25mm below must not be lower than 20%.The Enteromorpha disintegrating process adopts the feed grinder group to carry out.
6, modified
Modified is that feed is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, and its starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, feed are softened, and has both improved the quality and the effect of compressed granulate, improves the nutritive value of feed again, improves the palatability and the digestibility thereof of feed.The quality of pellet quality modifiedly plays important effect.For mash feed, the modified back of project moisture is controlled at 15.5-17%, and effect is better in this scope, if modified back moisture surpasses 17%, adhesion descends between the feed particle, and material produces and skids, can not be pressed into nib, the particle powder of making is many and cause stifled machine phenomenon easily.The fineness of pulverizing also influences modified quality, in general, raw meal particle size is thin more within the specific limits, granular mass is good more, and its reason is that granule can have more contact area with steam when modifier treatment, and modified amount of cure is higher, animal digests and assimilates easily, and fine size can reduce the crackle of particle, is difficult for broken and fracture, and the particle surface quality of making is good.The granular material refining temperature of project is 80～85 ℃, the saturation degree of steam (mass dryness fraction) X=0.6～0.9 o'clock, steam pressure is controlled at 0.18～0.40 MPa, and will guarantee that steam pressure reaches stable all the time, and the pressure oscillation amplitude generally should be greater than 0.05 MPa.Be issued to 11 ℃ of the every risings of granular material in this condition, its moisture increases by 1%.The overall modified time is 2～3 minutes, reaches the water content of granulation required 15%～17% after making the granular material absorption or adding moisture.
7, granulate
The process of granulating mainly be the Enteromorpha powder modified after the ring mould is squeezed into the process of the particle that needs size, adopt feeding stuff cuber to operate.The pellet quality that the ring mould comes out to extruding has direct influence, uses the type of ring mould also to have nothing in common with each other to different types of feed, and the ring mould of stainless steel material is selected in this research for use, and its rigidity and toughness are better; Under the prerequisite that satisfies ring mould intensity, select the high ring mould of percent opening, to reduce electric energy loss; The compression ratio of ring mould is the effective length of ring nib and the ratio that encircles the minimum diameter of nib, and compression ratio is big more, and the pellet of extruding is solid more, but output is lower.This project enteromorpha feed compression ratio should be selected for use between 9, and temperature is after keeping 2 minutes modified finishing under 85 ℃ of conditions, to continue 2 minutes under 145 ℃ of conditions, and the extruding feed link is crossed steel die, forms pellet.Because of outer pellet is primarily aimed at large-scale livestock, so pellet is bigger, feed is column, and diameter is 5 millimeters, and length is 2 centimetres.
8, cool drying
Cool drying technology directly affects the quality of finished feed particle.Too high and the moisture of temperature too high all being unfavorable for stores, and is easy to go mouldy, and contains powder rate height, difference of hardness.The effect of cooling is relevant with speed with ventilation, time, and the time is too short, causes cooling insufficient.This project pellet cool time is 25 minutes, and cooling duct apoplexy speed control is built in 15 meter per seconds, and by making its temperature not be higher than 5 ℃ of environment temperatures after the cooling, moisture is less than 13%.Could guarantee that like this particle is inside and outside by fully dry, otherwise cause hot particle surface cooling easily rapidly, inner institute's heat content and moisture are not sucked out, and cause breakage of particles, influence particle surface quality and ratio of briquetting.
9, the packaging process of finished product
When the enteromorpha feed finished product of producing was packed, the finished product pack will be accomplished finished product is accurately weighed, and standard is sealed in accordance with regulations.Should strengthen simultaneously safe and sanitary education and supervision, avoid in this link owing to misoperation causes microbial contamination to the packaging process workman.
Result of study: the enteromorpha feed that comes out for the project construction, with reference to standard GB/T14699.1-1993 " the feed method of sampling ", regularly it is sampled and check by quality inspection personnel.Detect content except that quality project such as moisture, protein content etc., answer emphasis that the safe and sanitary project is detected, the particularly detection of microorganism project, as total number of bacteria, salmonella etc., testing result shows, product hygienic quality safety is qualified fully.
1) investigation of enteromorpha feed content of beary metal
The cell membrane of algae mainly is the network structure that is made of polysaccharide, protein and fat, has certain negative electrical charge, and bigger surface area and stickiness are arranged.In addition, cell membrane is the pellicle with high selectivity, but these structures shape algae enriched in metals ion, to the adsorption capacity of Cu, Pb, Cd, far above other biological species.Therefore, Enteromorpha adds in the mixed feed after processing is as feed addictive, and the content of beary metal of mixed feed must meet the requirement of forage health standard (GB13078-2001), therefore is necessary the content of beary metal of enteromorpha feed additive is tested.The testing result of Enteromorpha seaweed fodder heavy metal sees Table 4.
The content of the heavy metal in the table 2 Enteromorpha seaweed fodder
The Enteromorpha drying and be processed into feed after, its salt content is higher, is suitable as the additive of ox feed.In mixed feed, add the addition of Enteromorpha additive generally about 2%, because it is not high to add in the less and enteromorpha feed of Liu's proportion content of beary metal, therefore, the content of beary metal of the feed of making in the project is no more than the requirement of forage health standard.
2) detection of salmonella
Enteromorpha comes from the sea, may have pathogenic microorganisms such as salmonella, but because enteromorpha feed has baking step in process of manufacture, bake out temperature reaches 800 degree, the remaining time of Enteromorpha in the oven dry tube is 40 minutes, so harmful bacterium all can be killed.Enteromorpha feed has carried out the salmonella check after production, the result is negative.
Use the feed addictive of producer as day feed corporation,Ltd in the Tianjin, becomes to contain 20 tons in the feed of quality 2% Enteromorpha with product hybrid process of the present invention, buying feeds cultures the producer and is Tianjin Hangu District benefit sky aquaculture professional cooperative society.
Feed for nursing is the identical feed that does not contain Enteromorpha of other compositions for containing 2% enteromorpha feed but contrast, and feeding object is 1.2cm specification shrimp seedling, and test site is Li Zigu village, Hangu District Yang Jiabo town, Tianjin, and processing and contrast are 0.4hm
2Each four pond, the every pond of stocking rate is 160,000 tails.Nursing feeds intake equal 3 times time, and the time of throwing something and feeding is identical with feeding volume.To the sample sample collecting is to gather once in every month, every pond 4 nets, and weighing gross weight, individual lengths (N=30) and individual weight (N=30), measurement result are found processing and are contrasted the equal difference with insignificance of every index.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of pure powder particles of enteromorpha feed additive is characterized in that:
1) impurity is rejected in preliminary treatment;
2) oven dry of Enteromorpha: adopt dryer to dry processing, when the Enteromorpha raw material after the preliminary treatment being dried processing, bake out temperature is set at about 750-850 ℃, and the remaining time of material in the oven dry tube is 25-40 minute;
3) pulverizing of Enteromorpha: the Enteromorpha crushing process adopts pulverizer to operate, and pulverizer adopts the sieve sheet of aperture≤1.0mm to pulverize;
4) modified: modified is that feed is carried out hydrothermal treatment consists, its starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, feed are softened, the granular material refining temperature is 80～85 ℃, the saturation degree of steam (mass dryness fraction) X=0.6～0.9 o'clock, steam pressure is controlled at 0.18～0.40 MPa, pressure oscillation amplitude≤0.05 MPa; The overall modified time is 2～3 minutes, reaches the water content of granulation required 15%～17% after making the granular material absorption or adding moisture;
5) granulate: pelletization mainly be the Enteromorpha powder modified after the ring mould is squeezed into the process of the particle that needs size, adopt feeding stuff cuber to operate, the enteromorpha feed compression ratio should be selected for use between the 7-9, under 125～145 ℃ of conditions, continue 2～3 minutes, the extruding feed link is crossed steel die, forms pellet;
6) cool drying gets the enteromorpha feed finished product.
2. according to the described preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1) preliminary treatment is rejected the impurity process and is: at first primary dcreening operation is removed the nonmetallic inclusions such as stone, clod and the rope made of hemp in the raw material; The metal impurities in the raw material are removed in magnetic separation then.
3. according to the described preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the process of described step 6) cool drying is: pellet cool time in cooler is 10～25 minutes, cooling duct apoplexy speed control is built in the 15-20 meter per second, by making its temperature not be higher than 5 ℃ of environment temperatures after the cooling, moisture gets the enteromorpha feed finished product less than 13%.
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| CN102356812A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-02-22 | 山东帮尼威生物工程有限公司 | Method for preparing multivitamin premix for livestock and fowl by adding Enteromorpha and amino acid trace element chelate |
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| CN103478427A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-01 | 中国海洋大学生物工程开发有限公司 | Enteromorpha polysaccharide feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102630851B (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2014-02-26 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | Laying hen compound feed containing enteromorpha powder and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109805173A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method is disposed and is utilized in the curing denaturation of the fresh and alive Enteromorpha in offshore sea area |
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| CN114631512A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-17 | 山东农业工程学院 | Enteromorpha composite ecological treatment method |
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