CN101846965A - Method for pumping rubidium bubble for outputting standard frequency by lamp pump rubidium gas laser and rubidium atomic clock - Google Patents
Method for pumping rubidium bubble for outputting standard frequency by lamp pump rubidium gas laser and rubidium atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN101846965A CN101846965A CN 201010163397 CN201010163397A CN101846965A CN 101846965 A CN101846965 A CN 101846965A CN 201010163397 CN201010163397 CN 201010163397 CN 201010163397 A CN201010163397 A CN 201010163397A CN 101846965 A CN101846965 A CN 101846965A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for pumping a rubidium bubble for outputting standard frequency by a lamp pump rubidium gas laser and a rubidium atomic clock. The method comprises the following steps of: adopting a filtered rubidium gas electrodeless lamp as a pumping light source for pumping a rubidium gas atom in an atom steam chamber, realizing distribution quantity conversion and then forming a lamp pump rubidium gas laser under the action of a laser resonant cavity; carrying out laser pumping on the rubidium bubble arranged in a microwave cavity by utilizing the lamp pump rubidium gas laser and detecting the transition probability of the pumped rubidium atom for generating transition by generating interaction with a microwave field in the microwave cavity by utilizing the lamp pump rubidium gas laser; and locking microwave frequency fed in the microwave cavity according to the detected transition probability and locking the microwave frequency fed in the microwave cavity on clock transition frequency of the atom. In the embodiment of the invention, because the frequency of the lamp pump rubidium gas laser still operates on a rubidium transition spectral line broadening spectrum in an unlocking state, even if the frequency of the lamp pump rubidium gas laser is unlocked, the lamp pump rubidium gas laser can be rapidly locked on needed laser frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atomic clock and frequency standard technology, be specifically related to a kind of method and rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency, belong to laser technology field.
Background technology
Through semicentennial development, bubble type rubidium atomic clock utilizes rubidium atomic spectra lamp to carry out the rubidium atomic clock that optical pumping and light detects to have reached performance boundary in the world.In order to break through the performance boundary that rubidium atomic clock has reached, low signal-to-noise ratio when overcoming rubidium atomic spectra light pumping rubidium atomic clock, low pumping efficiency and the light intensity of pumping spectrum lamp and the deterioration that the spectrum line style changes the atomic clock frequency stability of bringing in time, prior art replaces rubidium spectrum lamp to carry out optical pumping by the employing semiconductor laser and light detects.
Owing to utilize the semiconductor laser that rubidium atomic clock utilized of laser pumping and detection to be operated in rubidium atom 794.8 nanometer (D
1) or 780 nanometer (D
2) on the spectral line, gain bandwidth (GB) has reached the width of several nanometers (nm).For semiconductor laser is applied in the rubidium atomic clock system, must regulate the output wavelength of semiconductor laser by Frequency Stabilization Technique, make semiconductor laser can with 794.8 nanometer (D of rubidium atom
1) or 780 nanometer (D
2) in the spectrum a transition line resonance and semiconductor laser is locked on this spectral line, for example: the ground state 5s that is locked in rubidium 87 atoms
2S
1/2The F=1 energy level is to excited state 5p
2P
3/2On the F=2 energy level transition frequency.Further, even semiconductor laser is locked on the rubidium spectral line, semiconductor laser still can so that leave the rubidium atomic spectral line owing to reason losing lock such as vibration, temperature variation and the drift of its frequency of operation, finally cause not having artificial intervening once more to be checked and just can't again semiconductor laser be locked in automatically on the required rubidium spectral line, this is a restriction that can't overcome when doing autonomous the application for the semiconductor laser pumping rubidium atomic clock.The above-mentioned defective of semiconductor laser brings the hidden danger of great system long-term working stability for the semiconductor laser pumping rubidium atomic clock.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method and the rubidium atomic clock of a kind of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), the pumping efficiency of pumping rubidium atomic clock, and overcome shortcoming such as frequency stability drift.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of method of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency, comprising:
Rubidium gas electrodeless lamp optical filtering back is carried out pumping as pump light source to the rubidium gas atom in the atom steam chest realize layout number counter-rotating back formation lamp pump rubidium gas laser under the laserresonator effect;
Utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser that the rubidium bubble that is arranged in the microwave cavity is carried out laser pumping, and utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect described rubidium atom after the pumping in described microwave cavity, to interact the transition probability of transition takes place with microwave field, microwave frequency according to the described microwave cavity of transition probability locking feed-in that measures, microwave frequency in the described microwave cavity is locked on the clock jump frequency of atom, thereby standard frequency output is provided.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of rubidium atomic clock, comprising:
The rubidium gas electrodeless lamp, filtering apparatus, the condenser lens that set gradually are used to be created in the pump light source of first excited state to transition spectral line between the ground state;
The laserresonator of band piezoelectric ceramics, an end of described laserresonator is provided with the high anti-pump light projecting mirror of laser near described condenser lens, and the other end of described laserresonator is provided with coupled lens near piezoelectric ceramics;
Be arranged at the atom steam chest in the described laserresonator, be filled with in the described atom steam chest with described rubidium gas electrodeless lamp in the rubidium steam gas, and be mixed be used for described atom steam chest in other gas atoms and/or the gas molecule of rubidium gas atom collision, form lamp pump rubidium gas laser;
Be arranged at the rubidium bubble that is filled with buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding in the microwave cavity, utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser that described rubidium bubble is carried out pumping, and utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect rubidium atom after the pumping in described microwave cavity, to interact the transition probability of transition takes place with microwave field, microwave frequency according to the described microwave cavity of transition probability locking feed-in that measures, microwave frequency in the described feed-in microwave cavity is locked on the clock jump frequency of atom, and standard frequency output is provided.
The method and the rubidium atomic clock of the lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency that the invention described above provides, compare with the existing bubble type rubidium atomic clock of semiconductor laser pumping that utilizes, the present invention is locked on the required output frequency easily by utilizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum of rubidium; Because the frequency of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the rubidium transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum remaining under the state of losing lock, even the therefore frequency generation losing lock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser also can be locked in lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the required output frequency apace; In addition, because the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp has the vicennial life-span of expection, further guaranteed the long-life of using the rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping of the present invention.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing rubidium atomic energy level;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of an embodiment of rubidium atomic clock of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another embodiment of rubidium atomic clock of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another embodiment of rubidium atomic clock of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing rubidium atomic energy level, and as shown in Figure 1, the laser of pumping and detection can be 794.8 nanometer (D
1) laser of spectral line, also can be 780 nanometer (D
2) laser of spectral line; 5p
2P
3/2To ground state 5s
2S
1/2The transition spectral line become 780 nanometer (D
2) spectral line, wherein 5p
2P
1/2To ground state 5s
2S
1/2The transition spectral line become 794.8 nanometer (D
1) spectral line.The embodiment of the invention for convenience of description, with the rubidium atom at 780 nanometer (D
2) pumping on the spectral line, at 794.8 nanometer (D
1) the rubidium gas laser of spectral line output is the principle of work that example is explained bubble type rubidium atomic clock of the present invention as pumping and detection laser.In addition, the embodiment of the invention abbreviates the described rubidium gas laser with the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp pump of the embodiment of the invention as lamp pump rubidium gas laser for convenience of description.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the method embodiment of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps:
The method of the lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency that the embodiment of the invention provides is compared with the existing bubble type rubidium atomic clock of semiconductor laser pumping that utilizes, the present invention is locked on the required output frequency easily by utilizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum of rubidium; Because the frequency of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the rubidium transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum remaining under the state of losing lock, even the therefore frequency generation losing lock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser also can be locked in lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the required output frequency apace; In addition, because the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp has the vicennial life-span of expection, further guaranteed the long-life of using the rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping of the present invention.
Further, on above-mentioned basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect rubidium atom after the pumping and in described microwave cavity, specifically can realize in the following way with the microwave field probability that transition takes place that interacts:
Microwave field in the described microwave cavity that rubidium atom after the described pumping is corresponding with the jump frequency that is adjusted to described rubidium atom interacts, and produces the atomic transition between first energy level and second energy level; Further, first energy level described in the embodiment of the invention is relative notion with second energy level, only represents the energy level of two clock transition, for example: if first energy level is F=2, m
F=0 attitude, then second energy level is F=1, m
F=0 attitude, if first energy level is F=1, m
F=0 attitude, then second energy level is F=2, m
F=0 attitude;
The transition probability that the rubidium atom that detects according to photodetector interacts and takes place with microwave field in described microwave cavity.Further, the Strength Changes that can utilize photodetector to measure described lamp pump rubidium gas laser is surveyed and is obtained transition probability.
In addition, on above-mentioned basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, in order to stablize output frequency, before execution in step 202, can also earlier lamp pump rubidium gas laser be carried out frequency stabilization handles, detailed process can for: the part of lamp pump rubidium gas laser by mirror reflects after frequency stabilization system, through coupling mirror be arranged on the long output frequency of stablizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser in chamber that piezoelectric ceramics on the coupling mirror is regulated laserresonator.
Further, on above-mentioned basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, can carry out pumping to lamp pump rubidium gas laser of the present invention with impulse form, concrete working method: lamp pump rubidium gas laser stops after F=2 attitude or F=1 attitude with the rubidium atom in the short pulse mode pumping bubble, excite F=2, m at the microwave pulse that then begins on the sequential to separate on two time prefaces
F=0 attitude and F=1, m
FTransition between=0 attitude detects with a low light level pulse of lamp pump rubidium gas laser after again.Therefore, above-mentioned each work period is: the gas laser pumping, the two microwave pulse clock transition that separates on sequential excites, and implements the gas laser light pulse then and detects.The all working sequential of atomic clock is by the programmed control in the circuit, and this kind working method can go up largely and eliminate the optical frequency shift that laser brings.
Further, on above-mentioned basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the spectral line of rubidium atom, for example: wavelength is on the rubidium spectral line of 794.8 nanometers or 780 nanometers.The frequency values of the microwave in the microwave cavity is locked on the clock jump frequency of rubidium atom.
Further, above-mentioned concrete implementation method also comprises the bubble type atomic clock system based on other constructed alkali metal atom of the present invention, the caesium atom bubble type atomic clock identical with structure as principle, i.e. the bubble type cesium-beam atomic clock of lamp pump caesium gas laser pumping.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of an embodiment of rubidium atomic clock of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, rubidium atomic clock in the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises: the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 that sets gradually, filtering apparatus 2, condenser lens 3 are created in the pump light source of first excited state to transition spectral line between the ground state; The laserresonator 4 of band piezoelectric ceramics 41, an end of laserresonator 4 is provided with the high anti-pump light diaphotoscope 42 of laser near condenser lens 3, and the other end of laserresonator is provided with coupled lens 43 near piezoelectric ceramics 41;
Be arranged at the atom steam chest 5 in the laserresonator 4, be filled with in the atom steam chest 5 and rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 interior identical rubidium steam gas, and be mixed be used for atom steam chest 5 in other gas atoms and/or the gas molecule of rubidium gas atom collision, form lamp pump rubidium gas laser;
Be arranged at the rubidium bubble 61 that is filled with buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding in microwave cavity 6 bodies, utilize lamp pump rubidium gas laser that rubidium bubble 61 is carried out pumping, and utilize lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect rubidium atom after the pumping in microwave cavity 6, to interact the transition probability of transition takes place with microwave field, microwave frequency according to the described microwave cavity of transition probability locking feed-in that measures, microwave frequency in the feed-in microwave cavity 6 is locked on the clock jump frequency of atom, thereby standard frequency output is provided.Further, the Strength Changes that can utilize photodetector to measure described lamp pump rubidium gas laser is surveyed and is obtained transition probability.
The rubidium atomic clock that the embodiment of the invention provides is compared with the existing bubble type rubidium atomic clock of semiconductor laser pumping that utilizes, and the present invention is locked on the required output frequency easily by utilizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum of rubidium; Because the frequency of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the rubidium transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum remaining under the state of losing lock, even the therefore frequency generation losing lock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser also can be locked in lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the required output frequency apace; In addition, because the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp has the vicennial life-span of expection, further guaranteed the long-life of using the rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another embodiment of rubidium atomic clock of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 that sets gradually, filtering apparatus 2, condenser lens 3, be created in the pump light source of first excited state to transition spectral line between the ground state, wherein, filtering apparatus 2 specifically can interference filter element, rubidium isotope atom filter bubble or the device that requires based on the satisfied optical filterings such as atomic light filter of Faraday effect; The laserresonator 4 of band piezoelectric ceramics 41, an end of laserresonator 4 is provided with the high anti-pump light diaphotoscope 42 of laser near condenser lens 3, and the other end of laserresonator is provided with coupled lens 43 near piezoelectric ceramics 41; The high anti-pump light diaphotoscope 42 of laser is coupled into laser medium as laserresonator 4 and pump light, and coupled lens 43 also can reflected pump light as the part of laserresonator.The chamber length of laserresonator 4 is regulated by the piezoelectric ceramics 41 that is connected on the coupled lens 43.
Be arranged at the atom steam chest 5 in the laserresonator 4, be filled with in the atom steam chest 5 and rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 interior identical rubidium steam gas, and be mixed be used for atom steam chest 5 in other gas atoms and/or the gas molecule of rubidium gas atom collision, form lamp pump rubidium gas laser; Two glass end faces of atom steam chest 5 are coated with anti-reflection film, in order to lower the loss to pump light and laser.
Also be provided with catoptron 7 and frequency stabilization system 8 between laserresonator 4 and the microwave cavity 6; After the part of lamp pump rubidium gas laser reflexes to frequency stabilization system 8 by catoptron 7, through coupled lens 43 and the long output frequency of stablizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser in chamber that is arranged on the piezoelectric ceramics 41 adjusting laserresonators 4 on the coupled lens 43; The rubidium bubble 61 that is filled with required buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding through being opposite to after catoptron 7 transmissions in microwave cavity 6 bodies that utilizes stable output frequency to be locked in the lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the rubidium atomic spectra carries out pumping.
Be arranged at the rubidium bubble 61 that is filled with buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding in microwave cavity 6 bodies, utilize lamp pump rubidium gas laser that rubidium bubble 61 is carried out pumping, and utilize lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect rubidium atom after the pumping in microwave cavity 6, to interact the transition probability of transition takes place with microwave field, the signal of the transition probability that measures according to photodetector 9 changes the microwave frequency that locks the feed-in microwave cavity, and the microwave frequencies in the microwave cavity 6 are locked on the clock jump frequency of atom.
In addition, the rubidium atomic clock in the embodiment of the invention also comprises: photodetector 9 and microwave frequency control circuit 10; The laser intensity variable signal that photodetector 9 detects is controlled the frequency of feed-in microwave cavity 6 and the microwave source of rubidium atomic interaction through microwave frequency control circuit 10, with the frequency lock of microwave source in two fine-structure energy levels first attitudes of rubidium atomic ground state on the clock jump frequency between second attitude.
The rubidium atomic clock that the embodiment of the invention provides is compared with the existing bubble type rubidium atomic clock of semiconductor laser pumping that utilizes, and the present invention is locked on the required output frequency easily by utilizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum of rubidium; Because the frequency of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the rubidium transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum remaining under the state of losing lock, even the therefore frequency generation losing lock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser also can be locked in lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the required output frequency apace.
Below the principle of work of the rubidium atomic clock in embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 is carried out exemplary illustration, particularly, under the retroactive effect of laserresonator 4, wavelength is at rubidium D
1Or D
2Lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the spectral line outputs to frequency stabilization system 8 and frequency stabilization by catoptron 7 partial reflections, through coupled lens 43 be arranged on piezoelectric ceramics 41 on the coupled lens 43 and regulate laserresonator 4 chamber length the output frequency of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is stablized.Carry out pumping with what the output frequency after stable was locked in lamp pump rubidium atomic gas laser on the rubidium atomic spectra through being opposite to the rubidium bubble 61 that is filled with required buffer gas that microwave cavity 6 body inside have D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding after catoptron 7 transmissions then, the signal that photodetector 9 detects is controlled the frequency of the microwave source 11 of feed-in microwave cavity 6 and rubidium atomic interaction through microwave frequency control circuit 10, the frequency lock that is about to microwave source 11 is at two fine-structure energy levels F=2 of rubidium atomic ground state, the mF=0 attitude is to F=1, on the jump frequency between the mF=0 attitude, the final rubidium atomic clock of realizing provides quantum frequency standard.
Replacedly, also comprise with impulse form lamp pump rubidium gas laser of the present invention is carried out pumping, concrete working method: lamp pump rubidium gas laser stops after F=2 attitude or F=1 attitude with the rubidium atom in the short pulse mode pumping bubble, excite F=2, m at the microwave pulse that then begins on the sequential to separate on two time prefaces
F=0 attitude and F=1, m
FClock transition between=0 attitude is used for detecting with a low light level pulse of lamp pump rubidium gas laser after again.Each work period is like this: the gas laser pumping, and the two microwave pulse clock transition that separates on the sequential excites, and the gas laser light pulse detects then.The all working sequential of atomic clock is by the programmed control in the circuit, and this kind working method can go up largely and eliminate the optical frequency shift that laser brings.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another embodiment of rubidium atomic clock of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, rubidium atomic clock in the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises: the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 that sets gradually, filtering apparatus 2, condenser lens 3, be created in the pump light source of first excited state to transition spectral line between the ground state, wherein, filtering apparatus 2 specifically can interference filter element, rubidium isotope atom filter bubble or the device that requires based on the satisfied optical filterings such as atomic light filter of Faraday effect; The laserresonator 4 of band piezoelectric ceramics 41, an end of laserresonator 4 is provided with the high anti-pump light diaphotoscope 42 of laser near condenser lens 3, and the other end of laserresonator is provided with coupled lens 43 near piezoelectric ceramics 41;
Be arranged at the atom steam chest 5 in the laserresonator 4, be filled with in the atom steam chest 5 and rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 interior identical rubidium steam gas, and be mixed be used for atom steam chest 5 in other gas atoms and/or the gas molecule of rubidium gas atom collision, form lamp pump rubidium gas laser;
Be arranged at the rubidium bubble 61 that is filled with buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding in microwave cavity 6 bodies, utilize lamp pump rubidium gas laser that rubidium bubble 61 is carried out pumping, and utilize the rubidium atom after the lamp pump rubidium gas laser detection pumping in microwave cavity 6, the transition probability that interaction produces transition to take place with microwave field, microwave frequency according to the transition probability locking feed-in microwave cavity 6 that measures is locked on the clock jump frequency of atom the microwave frequency in the feed-in microwave cavity 6.
Control circuit system 12 is used to control the temperature and the magnetic field of rubidium bubble 61; The rubidium atom is received the ground state 5s that forms after the pumping in the rubidium bubble 61
2S
1/2F=2 energy level and 5s
2S
1/2Population inversion between the F=1 energy level, formation is penetrated by microwave-excitation in high Q value microwave cavity, exports to receiver 13, thereby the bubble type maser rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping is provided.
The rubidium atomic clock that the embodiment of the invention provides is compared with the existing bubble type rubidium atomic clock of semiconductor laser pumping that utilizes, and the present invention is locked on the required output frequency easily by utilizing lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum of rubidium; Because the frequency of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the rubidium transition broadening of spectral lines spectrum remaining under the state of losing lock, even the therefore frequency generation losing lock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser also can be locked in lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the required output frequency apace; In addition, because the rubidium gas electrodeless lamp has the vicennial life-span of expection, further guaranteed the long-life of using the rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping of the present invention.
Wherein, utilize of the optical filtering of the light of rubidium gas electrodeless lamp 1 by filtering apparatus 2, and the pump light after the focusing of condenser lens 3 carries out pumping through the rubidium gas atom in 42 pairs of atom steam chests 5 of the high anti-pump light diaphotoscope of laser, and the rubidium gas atom in the atom steam chest 5 transits to 5p
2P
3/2Excited state; By the impact effect of the rubidium gas atom in other gas atoms and/or gas molecule and the atom steam chest 5, the rubidium steam gas atom in the atom steam chest 5 is from 5p
2P
3/2Excited state migrates to 5p
2P
1/2Excited state forms 5p
2P
1/2Layout number counter-rotating between excited state and the ground state; Under the retroactive effect of laserresonator 4, laserresonator 4 output 5p
2P
1/2Excited state is to the lamp pump rubidium gas laser of transition spectral line respective frequencies between the ground state; Output lamp pump rubidium gas laser by the partial reflection of catoptron 7 after its frequency be locked in ground state 5s by frequency stabilization system 8
2S
1/2F=1 is to excited state 5p
2P
1/2On the energy level transition spectral line of F=2, a part directly Frequency Stabilized Lasers by catoptron 7 is used to be opposite to the rubidium that is filled with required buffer gas that high Q value microwave cavity inside has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding and steeps 61 and carry out pumping; The temperature of rubidium bubble 61 and magnetic field are by control circuit system 12 controls; Atom is received the ground state 5s that forms after the pumping in the rubidium bubble 61
2S
1/2F=2 energy level and 5s
2S
1/2Population inversion between the F=1 energy level, formation is penetrated by microwave-excitation in high Q value microwave cavity 6 bodies, exports to receiver 13, thereby the bubble type maser rubidium atomic clock of lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping is provided.
Among above-mentioned Fig. 3～embodiment illustrated in fig. 5, the operation wavelength of lamp pump rubidium gas laser is on the spectral line of 794.8 nanometers or 780 nanometers, and the frequency values of the rubidium bubble in the microwave cavity is locked on the jump frequency of rubidium atom.
By the invention described above embodiment as can be known, adopt the lamp pump rubidium gas laser of rubidium gas electrodeless lamp pump to guarantee the frequency stability of used LASER Light Source of rubidium atomic clock and the simplification of frequency stabilization, because not needing that Wavelength of Laser or frequency are carried out too complicated control can be so that therefore the long-term continuous working of rubidium atomic clock have improved the long-time stability of rubidium atomic clock output frequency and the long-time stability of rubidium atomic clock.
At last, may make of the present invention various changes and the remodeling that does not break away from the appended claims qualification for this bubble type rubidium atomic clock with the pumping of lamp pump rubidium gas laser.More particularly, the present invention can realize the bubble type rubidium atomic clock of pumping and detection with the lamp pump rubidium gas laser of the wavelength of different atomic spectral line correspondences, and working method also can be a pulse mode.In addition, thisly realize that with lamp pump gas laser laser pumping bubble type rubidium atomic clock also is applicable to otheralkali metal gas atom, comprises caesium.Under the constant situation of principle, the bubble type rubidium atomic clock of the lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping of structural miniaturization is also within the claim scope that the present invention discussed.
It should be noted that at last: above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a lamp pump rubidium gas laser pumping rubidium bubble outputting standard frequency is characterized in that, comprising:
Rubidium gas electrodeless lamp optical filtering back is carried out pumping as pump light source to the rubidium gas atom in the atom steam chest realize layout number counter-rotating back formation lamp pump rubidium gas laser under the laserresonator effect;
Utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser that the rubidium bubble that is arranged in the microwave cavity is carried out laser pumping, and utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect described rubidium atom after the pumping in described microwave cavity, to interact the transition probability of transition takes place with microwave field, microwave frequency according to the described microwave cavity of transition probability locking feed-in that measures, the microwave frequency of described feed-in microwave cavity is locked on the clock jump frequency of described rubidium atom, and standard frequency output is provided.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, describedly utilizes described lamp pump rubidium gas laser to detect described rubidium atom after the pumping to comprise with the microwave field transition probability that transition takes place that interacts in described microwave cavity:
Microwave field in the described microwave cavity that described rubidium atom after the described pumping is corresponding with the jump frequency that is adjusted to described rubidium atom interacts, and produces the atomic transition between first energy level and second energy level;
The transition probability that the rubidium atom that detects according to photodetector interacts and takes place with microwave field in described microwave cavity.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described lamp pump rubidium gas laser that utilizes carries out also comprising before the laser pumping to the rubidium bubble that is arranged in the microwave cavity:
The part of described lamp pump rubidium gas laser by mirror reflects after frequency stabilization system, through described coupling mirror be arranged on piezoelectric ceramics on the described coupling mirror and regulate the output frequency that the chamber length of described laserresonator is stablized described lamp pump rubidium gas laser.
4. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described lamp pump rubidium gas laser is operated on the spectral line of described rubidium atom, and the microwave frequency value in the described microwave cavity is locked on the clock jump frequency of described rubidium atom.
5. a rubidium atomic clock is characterized in that, comprising:
The rubidium gas electrodeless lamp, filtering apparatus, the condenser lens that set gradually are used to be created in the pump light source of first excited state to transition spectral line between the ground state;
The laserresonator of band piezoelectric ceramics, an end of described laserresonator is provided with the high anti-pump light diaphotoscope of laser near described condenser lens, and the other end of described laserresonator is provided with coupled lens near piezoelectric ceramics;
Be arranged at the atom steam chest in the described laserresonator, be filled with in the described atom steam chest with described rubidium gas electrodeless lamp in identical rubidium steam gas, and be mixed be used for described atom steam chest in other gas atoms and/or the gas molecule of rubidium gas atom collision, form lamp pump rubidium gas laser;
Be arranged at the rubidium bubble that is filled with buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding in the microwave cavity, utilize described lamp pump rubidium gas laser that described rubidium bubble is carried out pumping, and utilize the described rubidium atom after the described lamp pump rubidium gas laser detection pumping in described microwave cavity, the transition probability that interaction produces transition to take place with microwave field, microwave frequency according to the described microwave cavity of transition probability locking feed-in that measures, microwave frequency in the described feed-in microwave cavity is locked on the clock jump frequency of atom, thereby standard frequency output is provided.
6. rubidium atomic clock according to claim 5 is characterized in that, two glass end faces of described atom steam chest are coated with anti-reflection film, in order to lower the loss to pump light and laser.
7. rubidium atomic clock according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also is provided with catoptron and frequency stabilization system between described laserresonator and the described microwave cavity;
The part of described lamp pump rubidium gas laser by described mirror reflects after described frequency stabilization system, through described coupling mirror be arranged on piezoelectric ceramics on the described coupling mirror and regulate the output frequency that the chamber length of described laserresonator is stablized described lamp pump rubidium gas laser; Utilize described output frequency to be locked in the rubidium bubble that is filled with required buffer gas that has D.C. magnetic field and magnetic shielding that is opposite in the described microwave cavity after the described catoptron transmission of process of the lamp pump rubidium gas laser on the rubidium atomic spectra and carry out pumping.
8. rubidium atomic clock according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises: photodetector and microwave frequency control circuit; The signal that described photodetector detects is controlled the frequency of the microwave source of described microwave cavity of feed-in and rubidium atomic interaction through described microwave frequency control circuit, with the frequency lock of described microwave source in two fine-structure energy levels first attitudes of described rubidium atomic ground state on the clock jump frequency between second attitude.
9. rubidium atomic clock according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises: control circuit system is used to control temperature and the magnetic field that described rubidium steeps.
10. according to the arbitrary described rubidium atomic clock of claim 5～9, it is characterized in that, the operation wavelength of described lamp pump rubidium gas laser is on the rubidium atomic spectral line as 794.8 nanometers or 780 nanometers, and the frequency values of microwave is locked on the jump frequency of described rubidium atom in the described microwave cavity.
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