CN109211414A - Superhigh precision optical frequency tester and its test method - Google Patents
Superhigh precision optical frequency tester and its test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109211414A CN109211414A CN201810767707.3A CN201810767707A CN109211414A CN 109211414 A CN109211414 A CN 109211414A CN 201810767707 A CN201810767707 A CN 201810767707A CN 109211414 A CN109211414 A CN 109211414A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0226—Fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester and its test methods, the test method is by the laser lock-on that emits laser in the intracavitary acquisition narrow-linewidth laser of optical resonance, and obtain error signal afterwards compared with the jump frequency of cold atom and changed with the narrow-linewidth laser for correcting laser transmitting with the drift that optical resonator generates, so that laser be made to issue the super stabilized laser with cold atom jump frequency identical frequency；Then it is locked by phase of the phase locking system to optical frequency com seed source pulse, realizes the high stable output of optical frequency com；The laser of testing laser and optical frequency com output is finally subjected to beat frequency, the beat signal of two-beam and the comb teeth number of optical frequency com is obtained, the frequency of testing laser can be calculated, realize the precise measurement of the testing laser frequency.The invention has the advantages that tester stable structure, the precision with superelevation, test method can realize the high-acruracy survey of light frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to accurate spectrum and field of precision measurement, and in particular to a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester and its survey
Method for testing.
Background technique
The development of science and technology need to establish on the basis in accurate experiment measurement, and light frequency is as measuring basis value, certainly
Determine the accuracy and definition of other many physical quantitys.The precise measurement of optical frequency means the raising of the accuracy of measuring, no
The measurement of only many physics constants provides more accurate time and frequency standards, and be conducive to develop more exact timing with
Microwave quantum frequency marking is the atomic clock of core, improves the precision of global positioning system, constructs information superhighway.In Information technology
Increasingly flourishing today, the research of high accuracy frequency marking are the important interior of relationship economic development, scientific and technical innovation and national security
Hold.
The test method of conventional optical maser wavelength is measured using optical wavelength measurement instrument.Optical wavelength measurement instrument is
Wavemeter can be used to the output wave long value for demarcating tuned laser, classify according to measuring principle, and wavemeter mainly has Fizeau interference
Type, three kinds of Fabry-Perot interference type and Michelson interference type etc..The resolution ratio of currently used wavemeter and measurement are accurate
Degree is several MHz to several hundred MHz.If it is intended to the measurement accuracy of laser frequency is improved, such as Hz, even mHz magnitude, then at present
Know that the measurement accuracy of wavemeter obviously differs larger with target requirement.
Summary of the invention
According to the deficiencies of the prior art described above, It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency testers
And its test method, the test method is intracavitary in optical resonance by the laser lock-on for emitting laser, and with cold original
The jump frequency of son relatively makes laser issue the super stabilized laser with cold atom jump frequency identical frequency；Then it is locked by phase
Determine device to lock the phase of optical frequency com seed source pulse, realizes the high stable output of optical frequency com；Finally will
Testing laser and the laser of optical frequency com output carry out beat frequency, obtain the beat signal of two-beam and the comb of optical frequency com
The number of teeth, to realize the precise measurement of the testing laser frequency.
The object of the invention realization is completed by following technical scheme:
A kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester, it is characterised in that the tester includes super stabilized laser generating device, optics
Frequency comb, the first beat frequency detecting module and frequency counting module；The super stabilized laser generating device includes that laser, optics are humorous
Vibration chamber, acousto-optic modulator, the first servo feedback module, the second servo feedback module and cold atom module, the optical frequency com
Including mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device and phase locking system；The laser connect with the optical resonator and passes through described
First servo feedback module composition feedback link, the laser, the acousto-optic modulator, the cold atom module successively connect
It connects, also passes through the second servo feedback module composition feedback link between the acousto-optic modulator and the cold atom module；
The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device and the super stabilized laser generating device are connect with the phase locking system respectively；The light
Frequency comb, the beat frequency detecting module, the frequency counting module is learned to be sequentially connected.
The phase locking system includes repetition rate locking device A and carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device B,
The repetition rate locking device A includes that frequency-selecting and filtering module, the second beat frequency detecting module, the first frequency mixer and third servo are anti-
Module is presented, the carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device B includes f-to-2f self-reference module, third beat frequency detection mould
Block, the second frequency mixer, the 4th servo feedback module；The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, the frequency-selecting and filtering module, described
Two beat frequency detecting modules, first frequency mixer are sequentially connected, and the second beat frequency detecting module is also sent out with the super stabilized laser
Generating apparatus connection, first frequency mixer are also connect with external microwave reference source, first frequency mixer and the mode locking pulse
Pass through the third servo feedback module composition feedback link between fiber oscillator device；The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, institute
It states f-to-2f self-reference module, the third beat frequency detecting module, second frequency mixer to be sequentially connected, second mixing
Device is also connect with the external microwave reference source, by the between second frequency mixer and the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device
Four servo feedback module composition feedback links；The f-to-2f self-reference module includes frequency-doubling crystal.
The phase locking system is anti-including the second beat frequency detecting module, the first frequency mixer, the second frequency mixer, third servo
Present module；The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, the second beat frequency detecting module, first frequency mixer, described second mix
Frequency device is sequentially connected, and the second beat frequency detecting module is also connect with the super stabilized laser generating device, the mode locking pulse light
Fine oscillator is also connect with first frequency mixer, and second frequency mixer is also connect with external microwave reference source, and described second
Pass through third servo feedback module composition feedback link between frequency mixer and the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device.
The cold atom module includes the cooling submodule of laser and laser trapping submodule, and the cooling submodule of the laser is used
In by atom cooling, the laser trapping submodule is used for cold atom trapping in by laser-formed Optical Lattices.
It is a kind of to be related to the test method of any superhigh precision optical frequency tester, it is characterised in that the test method
By the laser lock-on that emits laser in the intracavitary acquisition narrow-linewidth laser of optical resonance, and with the transition of cold atom frequency
Rate obtains error signal more afterwards to correct the drift that the narrow-linewidth laser of the laser transmitting is generated with the optical resonator
Variation is moved, so that the laser be made to issue the super stabilized laser with the jump frequency identical frequency of the cold atom；Then pass through
Phase locking system locks the phase of the optical frequency com seed source pulse, realizes that the height of the optical frequency com is steady
Fixed output；The laser of testing laser and optical frequency com output is finally subjected to beat frequency, obtains the beat signal of two-beam
And the comb teeth number of the optical frequency com realizes the testing laser frequency so that the testing laser frequency be calculated
Precise measurement.
The test method the following steps are included:
The laser of the laser output carries out phase-modulation and is incident in the optical resonator, humorous with the optics
It shakes after chamber interaction, reflected light demodulates through the first servo feedback module and obtains error signal, and feeds back to described sharp
The frequency executing agency of light device the laser frequency of output is adjusted the resonance frequency for making it be locked in the optical resonator
On, the noise and line width that laser is compressed after locking then can get the narrow-linewidth laser that line width is lower than 1Hz；
The narrow-linewidth laser that the laser is launched carries out frequency modulation(PFM) using acousto-optic modulator, is then enter into
It is compared in cold atom module and with the cold atom jump frequency in the cold atom module, the second servo feedback module will obtain
The error signal taken feeds back to the acousto-optic modulator, by adjusting the voltage of the acousto-optic modulator to correct the laser
The variation for the narrow-linewidth laser frequency launched simultaneously guarantees that narrow-linewidth laser frequency is consistent with cold atom jump frequency, i.e. institute
State the exportable super stabilized laser of laser, frequency fCW=fAtom, wherein fAtomIndicate cold atom jump frequency；
Optical fiber optical frequency com is established as the seed source of the optical frequency com using mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, and
The super stabilized laser launched using external microwave reference source and the laser is by the phase locking system to the light
The phase for learning the pulse of frequency comb seed source is locked, and realizes the high stable output of the optical frequency com；
The laser of the testing laser and optical frequency com output is subjected to beat frequency, passes through the first beat frequency detecting module
In optical filtering apparatus the two-way laser of beat frequency is extracted and the first beat frequency detecting module is utilized to obtain beat frequency letter
Number fbeat, while frequency counter reads out the comb teeth number M with the optical frequency com of the testing laser beat frequency, to count
Calculate the frequency of the testing laser.
By the phase locking system to the phase of the optical frequency com seed source pulse into line-locked specific step
Suddenly are as follows: the laser that the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device emits is selected after frequency-selecting and filtering module to be emitted with the laser
The light of super stabilized laser corresponding wavelength out, and beat frequency is carried out with the super stabilized laser, the bat that the second beat frequency detecting module is obtained
Frequency signal f1It is input in the first frequency mixer together with the signal of external microwave reference source transmitting, passes through third servo feedback module
It obtains error signal and is fed back to the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, realize the repetition rate to the optical frequency com
Locking；The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device transmitting comb teeth frequency is vN=Nfrep+fCEOThe light of low frequency long wavelength pass through f-
It is 2v that to-2f self-reference module, which obtains frequency,N=2Nfrep+2fCEOFrequency doubled light, and be by frequency doubled light and corresponding frequency
v2N=2Nfrep+fCEOThe long light of high-frequency short waves carries out beat frequency, obtains difference frequency signal therein by third beat frequency detecting module, should
Difference frequency signal is carrier envelope offset frequency fCEO, i.e. zero-frequency, the signal that zero frequency signal and external microwave reference source are emitted is together
It is input in the second frequency mixer, error signal is obtained by the 4th servo feedback module and is fed back to the mode locking pulse light
Fine oscillator realizes the locking to the zero-frequency of the optical frequency com.The then calculation formula of repetition rate are as follows:F in formularepFor repetition rate, fAtomFor cold atom jump frequency, N is the optical frequency com
Comb teeth number.
By the phase locking system to the phase of the optical frequency com seed source pulse into line-locked specific step
Suddenly are as follows: the super stabilized laser of laser and laser transmitting that the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device emits carries out beat frequency,
Beat signal f is obtained by the second beat frequency detecting module1, then the frequency of the super stabilized laser of the laser is represented by fAtom=
Nfrep+f1+fCEO, i.e. f1=fAtom-Nfrep-fCEO, using the first frequency mixer by f1With zero frequency signal fCEOIt is mixed, is clapped
Frequency signal f2, then f2=fAtom-Nfrep, recycle the second frequency mixer by f2It is mixed with the signal of external microwave reference source transmitting
Frequently, error signal is obtained by third servo feedback module and is fed back to the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, realization pair
The locking of the repetition rate of the optical frequency com then can get the repetition rate expression formula unrelated with zero-frequency: fAtom-Nfrep
=0, i.e.,
The frequency calculation formula of the testing laser are as follows:
In formula, fLaserIndicate the testing laser frequency, M is the comb teeth number of the optical frequency com.
The frequency calculation formula of the testing laser are as follows:
In formula, fLaserIndicate the testing laser frequency, M is the comb teeth number of the optical frequency com.
The invention has the advantages that
(1) through the laser lock-on of launching laser on optical resonator, can compress laser noise and
Line width makes laser output linewidth be lower than the laser of 1Hz, and the laser stability with higher exported；
(2) laser that laser emits is compared with the jump frequency of cold atom, so that it is sharp to export laser
The frequency of light and the jump frequency of cold atom are consistent, have very high precision, can also generate to optical resonator change of cavity length
Error is modified；
(3) laser oscillator in optical frequency com seed source uses optical fiber structure, and compared to solid state laser, it has
The advantages such as small in size, anti-interference is good, integrability degree height, and by external microwave reference source and super stabilized laser to optics
Frequency comb carries out repetition rate locking and zero-frequency locking, it is ensured that the high-precision of optical frequency com.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of super stabilized laser generating device in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of optical frequency com in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that testing laser is measured in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the frequency stabilization process schematic of super stabilized laser generating device in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 5 is the locking process schematic diagram of optical frequency com repetition rate and zero-frequency in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of optical frequency com in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
Feature of the invention and other correlated characteristics are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with attached drawing, with
Convenient for the understanding of technical staff of the same trade:
Such as Fig. 1-6, it is anti-to be respectively as follows: laser 1, optical resonator 2, acousto-optic modulator 3, the first servo by label 1-30 in figure
Present module 4, the second servo feedback module 5, cold atom module 6, mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7, repetition rate locking device 8,
Carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device 9, frequency-selecting and filtering module 10, the second beat frequency detecting module 11, the first frequency mixer
12, third servo feedback module 13, external microwave reference source 14, f-to-2f self-reference module 15, third beat frequency detecting module
16, the second frequency mixer 17, the 4th servo feedback module 18, optical frequency com 19, testing laser 20, the first beat frequency detecting module
21, frequency counting module 22, reflecting mirror 23, photodetector 24,976nm pumping source 25A, 976nm pumping source 25B, 976nm
Pumping source 25C, hybrid device 26, coupler 27A, coupler 27B, Polarization Controller 28, electrooptic modulator 29, piezoelectric ceramics
30。
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figs. 1-5, the present embodiment is specifically related to a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester and its test side
Method, the superhigh precision optical frequency tester in the present embodiment include super stabilized laser generating device, optical frequency com 19, the spy of the first beat frequency
Survey module 21 and frequency counter 22, the test method is by the laser lock-on that emits laser 1 in optical resonator
Interior 2, and so that laser 1 is issued the super stabilized laser with cold atom jump frequency identical frequency compared with the jump frequency of cold atom；
Then it is locked by phase of the phase locking system to the seed source pulse of optical frequency com 19, realizes optical frequency com
19 high stable output；The laser for finally exporting testing laser 20 and optical frequency com 19 carries out beat frequency, obtains two-beam
The comb teeth number of beat signal and optical frequency com 19, to realize the precise measurement of the frequency of testing laser 20.
As shown in Figure 1, super stabilized laser generating device includes laser 1, optical resonator 2, acousto-optic modulator 3, first watches
Take feedback module 4, the second servo feedback module 5 and cold atom module 6, wherein laser 1 and 2 optical path of optical resonator connect
It connects, and feedback link is constituted by the first servo feedback module 4, laser 1, acousto-optic modulator 3, cold atom module 6 successively connect
It connects, feedback link is also constituted by the second servo feedback module 5 between acousto-optic modulator 3 and cold atom module 6.Optical resonator
2 have superelevation fineness, and be otherwise known as (F-P cavity), may be selected that frequency is certain, the consistent light in direction is as prepreerence amplification,
And the light of other frequencies and direction is inhibited, characteristic frequency can be used as the reference frequency of laser frequency stabilization, and be based on
The laser steady frequency technology of optical resonator 2 has many advantages, such as that kam-frequency characteristic is good and does not depend on light intensity, and signal-to-noise ratio is high, can narrow significantly
The line width of laser improves the short-term stability of laser frequency；Cold atom module 6 includes the cooling submodule of laser and laser trapping
Module, wherein the cooling submodule of laser passes through a pair for making atom be slightly below atomic transition energy level difference in frequency and propagate in opposite directions
It is moved in laser beam, atom is cooled due to Doppler effect to get off to form cold atom, so that atom cooling is got off and required swashs
Light is known as cooling laser, and the transition energy level of frequency atom according to used in the cooling submodule of laser of cooling laser is determined
It is fixed, and laser trapping submodule is then to interfere to form periodically netted potential well using multiple laser, to make under being cooled
The cold atom come is loaded into wherein, and strontium atom, ytterbium atom or mercury atom etc. can be used in cold atom.
As shown in Fig. 2, optical frequency com 19 includes mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 and phase locking system, phase lock
Determining device includes repetition rate locking device 8 and carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device 9.Mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device
7 be a kind of optical fiber for using doped rare earth element as gain media, passes through the light that mode-locking technique realizes ultra-short pulse laser output
Fine oscillator, mode locking mode can be semiconductor saturable absorber mirror mode-locking (SESAM), non-linear annular magnifying glass mode locking
(NALM) or nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking (NPR), the ultrashort pulse interval of output are repetition rate, are used for optical frequency com
19 locking.Repetition rate locking device 8 includes frequency-selecting and filtering module 10, the second beat frequency detecting module 11, the first frequency mixer 12
With third servo feedback module 13, mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7, frequency-selecting and filtering module 10, the second beat frequency detecting module 11,
One frequency mixer 12 is sequentially connected, and the second beat frequency detecting module 11 is also connect with laser 1, and the first frequency mixer 12 is also micro- with outside
Wave reference source 14 connects, and passes through 13 structure of third servo feedback module between the first frequency mixer 12 and mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7
At feedback link；Wherein, frequency-selecting and filtering module 10 includes grating and optical filter, and grating can shake mode locking pulse optical fiber
The spectrum for swinging the output of device 7 separates, and optical filter can then filter out the light wave of specific frequency, and the second beat frequency detecting module 11 is by focusing
Lens and snowslide optical detector composition, can detect beat frequency light wave.Carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device 9 is then
Including f-to-2f self-reference module 15, third beat frequency detecting module 16, the second frequency mixer 17 and the 4th servo feedback module 18,
Mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7, f-to-2f self-reference module 15, third beat frequency detecting module 16, the second frequency mixer 17 successively connect
Connect, the second frequency mixer 17 is also connect with external microwave reference source 14, the second frequency mixer 17 and mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 it
Between also by the 4th servo feedback module 18 constitute feedback link；Wherein, third beat frequency detecting module 16 and the second beat frequency detect
The structure and function of module 11 is identical, and laser can be carried out frequency multiplication using frequency-doubling crystal by f-to-2f self-reference module 15, external micro-
The electromagnetic wave that wave reference source 14 radiates when being using atomic transition is as the oscillation of the high accuracy of reference and high stability
Device can be hydrogen clock, caesium clock or rubidium clock etc..
As shown in figure 3, optical frequency com 19, the first beat frequency detecting module 21, frequency counting module 22 are sequentially connected, first
Beat frequency detecting module 21 is also connected with testing laser 20, wherein the first beat frequency detecting module 21 and the second beat frequency detecting module
11, the structure and function of third beat frequency detecting module 16 is identical, and the comb teeth of optical frequency com 19 can be read in frequency counting module 22
Number.
As shown in Figure 1-3, the test method of superhigh precision optical frequency tester is as follows in the present embodiment:
(1) reference laser light that super stabilized laser device generates is to atomic transition frequency
Firstly, the laser that laser 1 generates is incident in optical resonator 2 after phase-modulation, with optical resonator 2
It reflects after interaction through reflecting mirror 23 and is detected by photodetector 24, the signal that photodetector 24 will detect
It is transmitted to the first servo feedback module 4 to be demodulated, obtains that (its amplitude proportional is in laser frequency phase for the error signal of frequency locking
For the mismatching angle of the resonance frequency of optical resonator 2), error signal is filtered and is amplified in the first servo feedback module 4
The frequency executing agency for feeding back to laser 1 afterwards, compensates laser frequency, to make laser frequency lock in optical resonance
In the resonance frequency of chamber 2, the noise and line width of laser are further compressed, can be obtained the laser that line width is lower than 1Hz.
Then, on the basis of obtaining line width lower than 1Hz laser, the laser that laser 1 is launched is passed through into acousto-optic modulation
Device 3 carries out frequency modulation(PFM), and will be input in cold atom module 6 by warbled laser by optical fiber, will be modulated
Laser is compared with the jump frequency of the atom used in cold atom module 6, and is obtained by the detection of photodetector 24
Error signal, error signal are sent into the second servo feedback module 5 and feed back to acousto-optic modulator 3, acousto-optic after filtering and amplification
Modulator 3 corrects the variation of the super stabilized laser frequency of output by changing its voltage, while guaranteeing to export after frequency modulation(PFM)
Super steady narrow-linewidth laser and cold atom module 6 in atomic transition laser keep resonating, so that super stabilized laser device be made to generate
Reference laser light to atomic transition frequency, i.e., the frequency f of the laser of super stabilized laser device outputCW=fAtom, wherein fAtomIt indicates
Atomic transition frequency.
(2) PGC demodulation of optical frequency com 19 is realized using the laser that super stabilized laser device generates
The carrier wave for the ultrashort pulse that mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 in optical frequency com 19 generates by single-frequency light
It constitutes, this light can spectrally form the vertical line of a rule, and seemingly the comb teeth of comb, the frequency of comb teeth may be expressed as: vN=
Nfrep+fCEO, wherein N is the comb teeth number of optical frequency com 19, frepReferred to as repetition rate, fCEOReferred to as carrier envelope phase drifts about
Frequency, also referred to as zero-frequency.The PGC demodulation of optical frequency com 19 locks repetition rate and zero-frequency, mainly passes through repetition rate
Locking device 8 and carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device 9 are realized.
The wide spectrum of one octave is input to frequency-selecting and filtering module 10 by mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7, using wherein
Grating spectrum is separated, then filtered out by optically filtering piece and super stabilized laser corresponding wavelength that super stabilized laser device generates
Light, and the laser that the laser 1 of itself and super stabilized laser device is exported carries out beat frequency, the second beat frequency detecting module 11 will detect
Beat signal f1It is input in the first frequency mixer 12 and is mixed together with the reference wave that external microwave reference source 14 exports, and
Error signal is subjected to processing by third servo feedback module 13 and feeds back to mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 to lock and repeat frequency
Rate；And another Shu Guangbo that mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 exports is input in f-to-2f self-reference module 15, f-to-2f
The light of wherein low frequency long wavelength is carried out frequency multiplication using frequency-doubling crystal therein by self-reference module 15, obtains frequency doubled light 2vN=
2Nfrep+2fCEO, then the light v of high-frequency short waves length by frequency doubled light and corresponding thereto2N=2Nfrep+fCEOBeat frequency is carried out, by the
The detection of three beat frequency detecting modules 16 obtains difference frequency signal therein to get zero-frequency f is arrivedCEO, then zero frequency signal is sent into second and is mixed
It is mixed in device 17 with external microwave reference source 14, and is handled error signal by the 4th servo feedback module 18
Mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 is fed back to change the electric current in its resonance intracavity pump source to lock zero-frequency.Thus optics is obtained
The repetition rate f of frequency comb 19repExpression formula, it may be assumed that
(3) measurement of 20 frequency of testing laser
Testing laser 20 is subjected to beat frequency with the optical frequency com 19 for having completed PGC demodulation, and is visited by the first beat frequency
It surveys the detection of module 21 and obtains beat signal fbeat, the comb teeth number M of optical frequency com 19 is obtained using frequency counting module 22, then
The frequency f of testing laser 20LaserCalculation formula are as follows:
Thus the frequency using superhigh precision optical frequency tester measurement testing laser 20 is completed.
As shown in Figure 4,5, for the present embodiment is specifically using neutral atom ytterbium atom as cold atom, above-mentioned test is utilized
Instrument and test method measure the frequency of testing laser 20, the specific steps of which are as follows:
(1) the 1156nm laser (i.e. fundamental frequency light) that the default laser 1 for generating 578nm laser emits is incident on first
In optical resonator 2, photodetector 24 obtains reflected light signal and is fed back error signal by the first servo feedback module 4
Frequency executing agency to laser 1 compensates laser frequency, further compresses the noise and line width of laser, to obtain
Line width is lower than the narrow-linewidth laser of 1Hz；Due to the influence of the environmental factors such as temperature, the chamber length of optical resonator 2 can be sent out at any time
Changing causes the frequency for exporting laser unstable, therefore in order to obtain super stabilized laser, it needs laser by acousto-optic modulator 3
The cold ytterbium atom used in cold atom module 6 with it is input to after carrying out frequency modulation(PFM)1S0-3P0Jump frequency is compared, light
The error signal detected is then fed back to acousto-optic modulator 3, acousto-optic modulator through the second servo feedback module 5 by electric explorer 24
3 are corrected the super stabilized laser frequency of output by changing its builtin voltage due to caused by 2 change of cavity length of optical resonator
Variation, while guaranteeing the cold ytterbium atom in the super steady narrow-linewidth laser exported after frequency modulation(PFM) and cold atom module 61S0-3P0
Jump frequency keeps resonance, to make the reference laser light of super stabilized laser device generation to cold ytterbium atom1S0-3P0Jump frequency, i.e.,
The frequency of the laser of super stabilized laser device outputWherein, fYbIndicate cold ytterbium atom1S0-3P0Jump frequency.
(2) mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 includes 976nm pumping source 25A, 976nm pumping source 25B, 976nm pumping source
25C is carried out lotus root by coupler 27A, coupler 27B between three and closes connection, and made in connection optical path using Er-doped fiber
For gain media, make by optical signal amplified, Polarization Controller 28 is then for controlling in mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7
Resonant cavity resonance frequency；The laser all the way that mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 generates is input to f-to-2f self-reference module
15, light comb frequency is subjected to frequency multiplication using frequency-doubling crystal therein, obtains frequency doubled light 2vN=2Nfrep+2fCEO, then by frequency doubled light
The long light v of high-frequency short waves corresponding thereto2N=2Nfrep+2fCEOBeat frequency is carried out, is detected by third beat frequency detecting module 16
To difference frequency signal therein to get arrive zero-frequency fCEO, then by zero frequency signal be sent into the second frequency mixer 17 in and external microwave reference source
14 (selecting 10MHz hydrogen clock reference source herein) are mixed, and will be at error signal by the 4th servo feedback module 18
Manage 976nm pumping source 25A, the 976nm pumping source 25A that feeds back in mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 adjust its internal current with
Lock zero-frequency；The another way laser that mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 generates is input to core out wave in frequency-selecting and filtering module 10
The spectrum of a length of 1550nm, and frequency multiplication is carried out using frequency-doubling crystal, by highly nonlinear optical fiber by spectrum widening to 550nm-
Then it is carried out beat frequency with the 578nm laser that super stabilized laser generating device generates by 1050nm, the second beat frequency detecting module 11 is visited
The beat signal f measured1It is transmitted in the first frequency mixer 12 and (selects the reference of 10MHz hydrogen clock herein with external microwave reference source 14
Source) it is mixed, and by treated, error signal feeds back to the vibration of mode locking pulse optical fiber fastly by third servo feedback module 13
The electrooptic modulator 29 in device 7 is swung, feeds back to the long realization repetition rate f of 30 adjusting cavity of piezoelectric ceramics slowlyrepLocking.So may be used
To obtain:
f378=vN=Nfrep+f1+fCEO
Thus the repetition rate f of optical frequency com 19 is obtainedrepExpression formula, it may be assumed that
(3) measurement of 20 frequency of testing laser
Testing laser 20 is subjected to beat frequency with the optical frequency com 19 for having completed PGC demodulation, and is visited by the first beat frequency
Module is surveyed to detect to obtain beat signal fbeat, using frequency counting module 22 obtain optical frequency com 19 comb teeth number M, then to
Survey the frequency f of laser 20LaserCalculation formula are as follows:
Thus the frequency using superhigh precision optical frequency tester measurement testing laser 20 is completed.
The beneficial effect of the present embodiment is: (1), can through the laser lock-on of launching laser on optical resonator
To compress the noise and line width of laser, laser output linewidth is set to be lower than the laser of 1Hz, and the laser exported is with higher
Stability；(2) laser that laser emits is compared with the jump frequency of cold atom, thus the laser for exporting laser
Frequency it is consistent with the jump frequency of cold atom, have very high precision, can also to optical resonator change of cavity length generate mistake
Difference is modified；(3) laser oscillator in optical frequency com seed source uses optical fiber structure, compared to its tool of solid state laser
There are the advantages such as small in size, anti-interference is good, integrability degree height, and by external microwave reference source and super stabilized laser to light
It learns frequency comb and carries out repetition rate locking and zero-frequency locking, it is ensured that the high-precision of optical frequency com.
Embodiment 2: as shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment is the difference from embodiment 1 is that the PGC demodulation of optical frequency com 19 fills
The structure set, specifically, phase locking system in the present embodiment include the second beat frequency detecting module 11, the first frequency mixer 12,
Second frequency mixer 17 and third servo feedback module 13, mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7, the second beat frequency detecting module 11, first
Frequency mixer 12, the second frequency mixer 17 are sequentially connected, and the second beat frequency detecting module 11 is also connect with laser 1, the second frequency mixer 17
Also it is connect with external microwave reference source 14, it is anti-by third servo between the second frequency mixer 17 and mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7
It presents module 13 and constitutes feedback link.
The repetition rate f of optical frequency com 19 is realized using the phase locking system in the present embodimentrepThe principle of locking
Are as follows: the laser that mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 generates and the super stabilized laser that laser 1 issues are subjected to beat frequency, the second beat frequency is visited
It surveys the detection of module 11 and obtains beat signal f1, then the super stabilized laser of the output of laser 1 at this time is represented by fArom=Nfrep+f1+
fCEO, it may be assumed that f1=fAtom-Nfrep-fCEO, then by beat signal f1Pass through first with the laser that mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 exports
Frequency mixer 12 is mixed, and beat signal f is obtained2=fAtom-Nfrep, then just zero frequency signal is removed at this time, finally believes beat frequency
Number f2It is input in the second frequency mixer 17 and is mixed with external microwave reference source 14, third servo feedback module 13 will be mixed
To error signal feed back to mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device 7 to lock the repetition rate of optical frequency com 19, then can obtain weight
Complex frequency frepThe expression formula unrelated with zero-frequency:
fAtom-Nfrep=0, i.e.,
When carrying out the frequency measurement of testing laser 20 using the superhigh precision optical frequency tester of the present embodiment, swash to be measured
Light 20 carries out beat frequency with the optical frequency com 19 for having completed PGC demodulation, and is obtained by the detection of the first beat frequency detecting module 21
Beat signal fbeat, the comb teeth number M of optical frequency com 19 is obtained using frequency counting module 22, then the frequency of testing laser 20
fLaserCalculation formula are as follows:
Claims (10)
1. a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester, it is characterised in that the tester includes super stabilized laser generating device, optics frequency
Rate comb, the first beat frequency detecting module and frequency counting module；The super stabilized laser generating device includes laser, optical resonance
Chamber, acousto-optic modulator, the first servo feedback module, the second servo feedback module and cold atom module, the optical frequency com packet
Include mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device and phase locking system；The laser connect with the optical resonator and passes through described
One servo feedback module composition feedback link, the laser, the acousto-optic modulator, the cold atom module are sequentially connected,
Also pass through the second servo feedback module composition feedback link between the acousto-optic modulator and the cold atom module；It is described
Mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device and the super stabilized laser generating device are connect with the phase locking system respectively；The optics frequency
Rate comb, the beat frequency detecting module, the frequency counting module are sequentially connected.
2. a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the phase locking system packet
It includes repetition rate locking device A and carrier envelope phase drift frequency locking device B, the repetition rate locking device A includes
Frequency-selecting and filtering module, the second beat frequency detecting module, the first frequency mixer and third servo feedback module, the carrier envelope phase drift
Moving frequency locker B includes f-to-2f self-reference module, third beat frequency detecting module, the second frequency mixer, the 4th servo feedback
Module；The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, the frequency-selecting and filtering module, the second beat frequency detecting module, described first mix
Frequency device is sequentially connected, and the second beat frequency detecting module is also connect with the super stabilized laser generating device, first frequency mixer
It is also connect with external microwave reference source, passes through the third between first frequency mixer and the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device
Servo feedback module composition feedback link；The mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, the f-to-2f self-reference module, described
Three beat frequency detecting modules, second frequency mixer are sequentially connected, and second frequency mixer also connects with the external microwave reference source
It connects, is connected between second frequency mixer and the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device by the 4th servo feedback module composition feedback
It connects；The f-to-2f self-reference module includes frequency-doubling crystal.
3. a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the phase locking system packet
Include the second beat frequency detecting module, the first frequency mixer, the second frequency mixer, third servo feedback module；The mode locking pulse optical fiber vibration
It swings device, the second beat frequency detecting module, first frequency mixer, second frequency mixer to be sequentially connected, second beat frequency
Detecting module is also connect with the super stabilized laser generating device, the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device also with first frequency mixer
Connection, second frequency mixer are also connect with external microwave reference source, and second frequency mixer and the mode locking pulse optical fiber shake
It swings between device through third servo feedback module composition feedback link.
4. a kind of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cold atom module includes
The cooling submodule of laser and laser trapping submodule, the cooling submodule of the laser are used for atom cooling, the laser trapping
Submodule is used for cold atom trapping in by laser-formed Optical Lattices.
5. a kind of be related to the test method of any superhigh precision optical frequency tester of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that institute
Test method is stated by the laser lock-on that emits laser in the intracavitary acquisition narrow-linewidth laser of optical resonance, and with cold original
The jump frequency of son obtains error signal more afterwards to correct the narrow-linewidth laser of the laser transmitting with the optical resonance
The drift variation that chamber generates, so that it is super steady sharp with the jump frequency identical frequency of the cold atom to issue the laser
Light；Then it is locked by phase of the phase locking system to optical frequency com seed source pulse, realizes the optical frequency
The high stable of comb exports；The laser of testing laser and optical frequency com output is finally subjected to beat frequency, obtains two-beam
The comb teeth number of beat signal and the optical frequency com is realized described to be measured so that the testing laser frequency be calculated
The precise measurement of laser frequency.
6. a kind of test method of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the test
Method the following steps are included:
The laser of the laser output carries out phase-modulation and is incident in the optical resonator, with the optical resonator
After interaction, reflected light demodulates through the first servo feedback module and obtains error signal, and feeds back to the laser
Frequency executing agency, the laser frequency of output is adjusted in the resonance frequency for making it be locked in the optical resonator,
The noise and line width that laser is compressed after locking then can get the narrow-linewidth laser that line width is lower than 1Hz；
The narrow-linewidth laser that the laser is launched carries out frequency modulation(PFM) using acousto-optic modulator, is then enter into cold original
It is compared in submodule and with the cold atom jump frequency in the cold atom module, what the second servo feedback module will acquire
Error signal feeds back to the acousto-optic modulator, is emitted by adjusting the voltage of the acousto-optic modulator with correcting the laser
The variation of narrow-linewidth laser frequency out simultaneously guarantees that narrow-linewidth laser frequency is consistent with cold atom jump frequency, i.e., described to swash
The exportable super stabilized laser of light device, frequency fCW=fAtom, wherein fAtomIndicate cold atom jump frequency；
Optical fiber optical frequency com is established as the seed source of the optical frequency com using mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, and is utilized
The super stabilized laser that external microwave reference source and the laser are launched is by the phase locking system to the optics frequency
The phase of rate comb seed source pulse is locked, and realizes the high stable output of the optical frequency com；
The laser of the testing laser and optical frequency com output is subjected to beat frequency, by the first beat frequency detecting module
The two-way laser of beat frequency is extracted and the first beat frequency detecting module is utilized to obtain beat signal by optical filtering apparatus
fbeat, while frequency counter reads out the comb teeth number M with the optical frequency com of the testing laser beat frequency, to calculate
The frequency of the testing laser out.
7. a kind of test method of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 6, it is characterised in that by described
Phase locking system is to the phase of the optical frequency com seed source pulse into line-locked specific steps are as follows: the mode locking pulse
It is corresponding with the super stabilized laser that the laser is launched that the laser that fiber oscillator device emits is selected after frequency-selecting and filtering module
The light of wavelength, and beat frequency is carried out with the super stabilized laser, the beat signal f that the second beat frequency detecting module is obtained1It is micro- with outside
The signal of wave reference source transmitting is input to together in the first frequency mixer, is passed through third servo feedback module and is obtained error signal and incite somebody to action
It feeds back to the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, realizes the locking to the repetition rate of the optical frequency com；The mode locking
It is v that pulse fiber oscillator, which emits comb teeth frequency,N=Nfrep+fCEOLow frequency long wavelength light pass through f-to-2f self-reference module
Obtaining frequency is 2vN=2Nfrep+2fCEOFrequency doubled light, and be v by frequency doubled light and corresponding frequency2N=2Nfrep+fCEOHigh frequency
The light of short wavelength carries out beat frequency, obtains difference frequency signal therein by third beat frequency detecting module, which is carrier wave packet
Network deviation frequency fCEO, i.e. the signal that zero frequency signal and external microwave reference source emit is input to the second frequency mixer by zero-frequency together
In, error signal is obtained by the 4th servo feedback module and is fed back to the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, realization pair
The locking of the zero-frequency of the optical frequency com.The then calculation formula of repetition rate are as follows:F in formularepFor
Repetition rate, fAtomFor cold atom jump frequency, N is the comb teeth number of the optical frequency com.
8. a kind of test method of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 6, it is characterised in that by described
Phase locking system is to the phase of the optical frequency com seed source pulse into line-locked specific steps are as follows: the mode locking pulse
The super stabilized laser of laser and laser transmitting that fiber oscillator device emits carries out beat frequency, detects mould by the second beat frequency
Block obtains beat signal f1, then the frequency of the super stabilized laser of the laser is represented by fAtom=Nfrep+f1+fCEO, i.e. f1=
fAtom-Nfrep-fCEO, using the first frequency mixer by f1With zero frequency signal fCEOIt is mixed, obtains beat signal f2, then f2=
fAtom-Nfrep, recycle the second frequency mixer by f2It is mixed with the signal of external microwave reference source transmitting, passes through third servo
Feedback module obtains error signal and is fed back to the mode locking pulse fiber oscillator device, realizes to the optical frequency com
The locking of repetition rate then can get the repetition rate expression formula unrelated with zero-frequency: fAtom-Nfrep=0, i.e.,
9. a kind of test method of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described to be measured
The frequency calculation formula of laser are as follows:
In formula, fLaserIndicate the testing laser frequency, M is the comb teeth number of the optical frequency com.
10. a kind of test method of superhigh precision optical frequency tester according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described to be measured
The frequency calculation formula of laser are as follows:
In formula, fLaserIndicate the testing laser frequency, M is the comb teeth number of the optical frequency com.
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| CN112928590A (en) * | 2021-01-30 | 2021-06-08 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Laser frequency locking method, system and light source |
| CN112928590B (en) * | 2021-01-30 | 2022-03-22 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Laser frequency locking method, system and light source |
| CN114167709A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-03-11 | 成都天奥电子股份有限公司 | Optical frequency atomic clock implementation method based on microcavity optical comb |
| CN114167709B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-02-10 | 成都天奥电子股份有限公司 | Optical frequency atomic clock implementation method based on microcavity optical comb |
| CN114354057A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-15 | 华东师范大学 | Sensing device and method for precisely measuring pressure intensity of cold atom vacuum system |
| CN114963995A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 北京大学 | Michelson laser, implementation method thereof and displacement measurement method |
| CN115061353A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-16 | 北京大学 | Fountain type optical clock and implementation method thereof |
| CN115061353B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2024-03-19 | 北京大学 | Fountain type optical clock and implementation method thereof |
| CN115865079A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-28 | 复旦大学 | High-precision phase difference measuring device and method for main clock link and standby clock link |
| CN117459152A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-01-26 | 济南量子技术研究院 | TF-QKD implementation method based on radio frequency and optical frequency reference multiplexing of optical frequency comb |
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