CN108957776B - Optical path device for ion microwave clock and adjusting method - Google Patents
Optical path device for ion microwave clock and adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108957776B CN108957776B CN201810858843.3A CN201810858843A CN108957776B CN 108957776 B CN108957776 B CN 108957776B CN 201810858843 A CN201810858843 A CN 201810858843A CN 108957776 B CN108957776 B CN 108957776B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
- G02B27/4244—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application in wavelength selecting devices
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- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
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Abstract
The application discloses an optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock and an adjusting method. The device comprises a mercury lamp, a spherical lens, a diffraction grating and a mercury ion trapping chamber. The application also provides an adjustment method, comprising the following steps: collimating light emitted by the mercury lamp through the spherical lens; separating the collimated light into light rays with wavelengths of 194nm and 253nm respectively through the diffraction grating; and pumping light with the wavelength of 194nm by using the mercury ion trapping chamber. The problem of current mercury ion microwave clock's system noise height is solved to this application. The pump light with the wavelength of 194nm and the stray light with the wavelength of 253nm are spatially separated, so that the rejection ratio of the pump light and the stray light is greatly improved, the noise of a system can be reduced, and the signal to noise ratio of a detection signal is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to an optical path device and method for a mercury ion microwave clock.
Background
The mercury ion microwave clock has the advantages of small volume and high stability index. The method has wide application in the fields of satellite navigation, space detection, time keeping, time service, measurement and the like. The stability of the mercury ion clock developed by JPL (jet power laboratory) in the United states at present reaches 4E-14/tau1/2The level of (a) is higher than that of the current active hydrogen atomic clock.
An optical path system with the wavelength of 194nm is an important component of a mercury ion microwave clock, a radio-frequency mercury lamp is mostly adopted to generate a spectrum with the wavelength of 194nm at present, but the spectrum generated by the mercury lamp is relatively complicated, and not only is a spectral line with the wavelength of 194nm, but also a plurality of spectral lines with other wavelengths are provided, wherein the spectral line with the wavelength of 253nm has the maximum amplitude which is 50 times stronger than the light with the wavelength of 194nm, and high noise is introduced to influence the detection of Ramsey stripes of the system. JPL adopts a cylindrical surface reflection mode, improves light intensity of 194nm wavelength, reduces optical noise, but has lower inhibition of 194nm and 253nm wavelength light. Different from the mode of adopting a reflector, the reflectivity of the reflector to the spectrums with different wavelengths is different, but the spectrums with different wavelengths cannot be separated in space.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock and an adjusting method, and solves the problem that the system noise of the existing mercury ion microwave clock is high.
The embodiment of the application provides a light path device for mercury ion microwave clock, includes: mercury lamp, spherical lens, diffraction grating, mercury ion trapping chamber.
The spherical lens is used for collimating the light emitted by the mercury lamp into parallel light.
The diffraction grating is used for separating light rays with the wavelengths of 194nm and 253 nm.
And the mercury ion trapping chamber is used for receiving light rays with the wavelength of 194nm, which are separated by the diffraction grating, and pumping the mercury ions.
Preferably, the apparatus of the present application further comprises a lens group for narrowing the beam range of the separated light having a wavelength of 194 nm.
Preferably, the device of the present application further comprises a filter with a central wavelength of 194nm for filtering the separated range of 194nm wavelength light beams after the diffraction grating.
In any embodiment of the present application, the diffraction grating is a reflective grating or a transmissive grating.
In any embodiment of the present application, the lens group consists of at least 2 cylindrical lenses or at least 2 prismatic lenses.
The embodiment of the application also provides a method for adjusting the optical path device for the mercury ion microwave clock, which comprises the following steps:
collimating light emitted by the mercury lamp;
separating light rays with the wavelengths of 194nm and 253nm by using a diffraction grating;
the mercury ions are pumped.
Preferably, the method of the present application further comprises the steps of: the range of the beam with a wavelength of 194nm is contracted before pumping the mercury ions.
Preferably, the method of the present application further comprises the steps of: the light of wavelength 194nm is filtered before pumping the mercury ions.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects: compared with the existing light path device and method for the mercury ion microwave clock, the light path device and method have the advantages that the spectrum with the wavelength of 194nm and the spectrum with the wavelength of 253nm are subjected to space separation, when the angle is adjusted appropriately, the light with the wavelength of 253nm can be completely filtered, the suppression ratio of the light with the wavelength of 194nm to the light with the wavelength of 253nm is improved, the optical noise of a system is reduced, the signal to noise ratio of the system is improved, and the overall performance of the mercury ion microwave clock is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a light path device for a mercury ion microwave clock;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for adjusting an optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The mercury ion microwave clock has the advantages of small volume and high stability index. The method has wide application in the fields of satellite navigation, space detection, time keeping, time service, measurement and the like. The stability of the mercury ion clock developed by JPL (jet power laboratory) in the United states at present reaches 4E-14/tau1/2Is higher than the current level ofThe level of a kinetic hydrogen atomic clock. The mercury ion microwave clock adopts a spectrum with the wavelength of 194nm to pump the hyperfine energy level of mercury ions, atoms with high energy level are transited to low energy level under the microwave action of 40.5GHz, and fluorescence signals are generated and collected by a detection system. When the frequency of the microwave signal is swept within a certain range, the optical detection system can obtain Ramsey signals, and the standard signal source is locked on the Ramsey signals, so that output signals with extremely high stability can be obtained. An optical path system with the wavelength of 194nm is an important component of a mercury ion microwave clock, a radio-frequency mercury lamp is mostly adopted to generate a spectrum with the wavelength of 194nm at present, and the mercury lamp has the advantages of small volume, high reliability and continuous work compared with a laser. However, the spectrum generated by the mercury lamp is relatively complicated, and not only has a spectral line with a wavelength of 194nm, but also has a plurality of spectral lines with other wavelengths, wherein the spectral line with the wavelength of 253nm has the maximum amplitude which is about 50 times stronger than the intensity of light with the wavelength of 194nm, and very high noise can be introduced to influence the detection of Ramsey fringes of the system. JPL J.D.Prestage et al ("The JPL grafted Ion frequency Standard Development" 19)thPTTI，1987；“Ultra-Stable Hg+Trapped Ion FrequencyStandard Development”22thPTTI, 1990; ) By adopting a cylindrical surface reflection mode, the cylindrical surface reflector has high reflectivity for 194nm light and extremely low reflectivity for 253nm light. After reflection, spectral lines with the wavelength of 253nm in the mercury lamp are inhibited, the light intensity with the wavelength of 194nm is improved, and the optical noise is reduced, but the inhibition ratio of light with the wavelengths of 194nm and 253nm is lower, and the spectral lines are about 10: 1. different from the mode of adopting a reflector, the reflectivity of the reflector to the spectrums with different wavelengths is different, but the spectrums with different wavelengths cannot be separated in space.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a light path device for a mercury ion microwave clock.
The embodiment 1 of the present application provides an optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock, including: the device comprises a mercury lamp 1, a spherical lens 2, a diffraction grating 3 and a mercury ion trapping chamber 5. The spherical lens is used for collimating the light rays emitted by the mercury lamp into parallel light; the diffraction grating is used for separating light rays with the wavelengths of 194nm and 253 nm; and the mercury ion trapping chamber is used for receiving light rays with the wavelength of 194nm, which are separated by the diffraction grating, and pumping the mercury ions.
For example, when the diffraction grating is a transmission grating, the light emitted from the mercury lamp 1 passes through the spherical lens 2 and is collimated. The collimated light rays are approximately parallel light rays. Adjusting the angle theta of the diffraction grating 3 and the parallel light1And determining the transmission angle theta of the transmission light with the wavelength of 253nm at the rear part of the diffraction grating 3 by using a spectrometer2And a transmission angle theta of transmission light with a wavelength of 194nm3. At the determination of theta2And theta3The probe of the spectrometer is moved in the circumferential direction and when the desired wavelength is detected, i.e. the diffraction direction of that wavelength, the angle to the diffraction grating 3 can be determined. Since the diffraction grating 3 produces multi-order spectra in which most of the energy is concentrated in the first order, it is desirable to have the energy in the direction perpendicular to θ3The spectrometer probe is moved in the direction of (1) to find the position with the maximum amplitude, wherein the position is the first-order diffraction peak. The mercury ion confining chamber 5 is arranged along the theta2And theta3Outside the intersection point of the direction transmission light, the light with the wavelength of 253nm can be prevented from entering the ion trapping chamber 5, only the light with the wavelength of 194nm enters the mercury ion trapping chamber 5, and pumping is realized on mercury ions.
It should be noted that fig. 1 uses a transmission grating as a schematic diagram of the present embodiment. If a reflective grating is used, then the angle θ is2And theta3The direction-propagating light is located at the reflection grating along the angle theta1The same side of the incident parallel light is adopted to determine the first-order diffraction peak of light with the wavelength of 194nm, and then the mercury ion trapping room 5 is placed along the theta direction2And theta3Outside the intersection of the directionally propagating rays. Whether a reflective grating or a transmissive grating is used is related to the space constraints required for the mercury ion microwave clock.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the 194nm wavelength light split by the diffraction grating enters the mercury ion confining chamber 5 directly.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical path apparatus for a mercury ion microwave clock further includes: and a lens group 4 for narrowing the beam range of the separated light with the wavelength of 194 nm. In any embodiment of the present application, the lens group consists of at least 2 cylindrical lenses or at least 2 prismatic lenses.
For example, when the lens group is 2 cylindrical lenses, as shown in fig. 1, the 2 cylindrical lenses are each composed of one curved refractive surface and one planar refractive surface. The plane refraction surface of the cylindrical lens with the large diameter is used for receiving the light beam with the wavelength of 194nm separated by the diffraction grating, and the light beam enters the curved surface refraction surface of the cylindrical lens with the small diameter after being emitted from the curved surface refraction surface and then is emitted from the straight surface refraction surface. Finally, the purpose of shrinking the light beam is achieved.
The lens group 4 is disposed at the position of the first order diffraction peak of 194nm wavelength light and along the theta direction2And theta3Outside the cross point of the light transmitted in the direction, the light with the wavelength of 194nm enters the mercury ion trapping room 5 through the lens group 4, and pumping is realized on the mercury ions.
The separated beam can be filtered after the diffraction grating if there is still a spectrum of 253nm in the optical path.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device for a mercury ion microwave clock further comprises a filter (not shown in fig. 1) with a central wavelength of 194nm, for filtering the 194nm light beam separated by the diffraction grating.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for adjusting an optical path for a mercury ion microwave clock.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for implementing a light path for a mercury ion microwave clock, which at least comprises the following steps:
and step 15, pumping the mercury ions.
For example, in step 11, light emitted by the mercury lamp 1 is collimated by the spherical lens 2; in step 12, the collimated light is separated into light with wavelengths of 194nm and 253nm, respectively, by the diffraction grating 3; in step 15, the mercury ion confinement chamber 5 is used to pump the mercury ions.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 11, each component is placed on an optical platform or an assembly base and fixed. The distance between the spherical lens 2 and the mercury lamp 1 is adjusted so that the focal point of the spherical lens 2 is located on the light emitting plane of the mercury lamp 1, and the emergent light of the spherical lens 2 approaches a parallel light beam. In step 12, the position and angle of the diffraction grating 3 are adjusted, the emission light of the diffraction grating 3 is tested by a spectrometer, and θ is determined according to the amplitude values of 194nm and 253nm light with the test wavelengths2And theta3And the position of the first order diffraction peak. In step 15, the position and angle of the mercury ion confining chamber 5 are adjusted so that the mercury ion confining chamber 5 is positioned along the direction θ2And theta3The angle of the mercury ion confinement chamber 5 is adjusted to be equal to theta outside the intersection point of the direction-transmitted light rays3The vertical direction.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises a step 14 of shrinking the range of the light beam with the wavelength of 194 nm. At this time, the process of the present invention,
and step 15, pumping the mercury ions.
In step 14, for example, the lens group 4 is used to perform beam range shrinkage on the 194nm light separated by the diffraction grating 3, so that the 194nm light is converged and then enters the mercury ion trapping chamber 5, thereby increasing the incidence ratio of the pump light.
At the position of the first-order diffraction peak, the position and the angle of the lens group 4 are adjusted to enable the lens group 4 to be positioned along theta2And theta3The direction of the light is transmitted out of the intersection point, and the angle of the lens group 4 is adjusted to be equal to the angle along theta3The direction of the direction transmission light ray is vertical, so that the light ray with the wavelength of 194nm enters the mercury ion trapping room 5 through the lens group 4, and pumping is realized on the mercury ions.
As a further optimized embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises a step 13 of filtering the light with the wavelength of 194 nm. And filtering the light beam with the wavelength of 194nm separated by the diffraction grating by using a filter with the central wavelength of 194 nm. At this time, the process of the present invention,
and step 15, pumping the mercury ions.
For example, in step 13, the 194nm wavelength light beam separated by the diffraction grating 3 is filtered by a filter with a central wavelength of 194nm, so as to further reduce stray light and system noise.
It should be noted that, the method and steps provided in any one of the embodiments of the present application may be combined arbitrarily. For example, the lens group 4 or/and the filter may be used.
The embodiment of the application uses the filter plate to filter the light beam with the wavelength of 194nm, so that the system noise can be further reduced, and the signal to noise ratio is improved.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. An optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock, comprising: the device comprises a mercury lamp, a spherical lens, a diffraction grating, a mercury ion trapping room and a lens group;
the spherical lens is used for collimating the light rays emitted by the mercury lamp into parallel light;
the diffraction grating is used for separating light rays with the wavelengths of 194nm and 253 nm; adjusting the angle theta of the diffraction grating and the parallel light1Determining the angle theta of the 253nm wavelength diffracted light2Angle theta of diffracted light with sum wavelength of 194nm3；
The lens group is used for contracting the light beam range of the separated light with the wavelength of 194 nm;
the mercury ion trapping chamber is used for receiving light rays with the wavelength of 194nm, which are separated by the diffraction grating, and pumping mercury ions; adjusting the position and angle of the lens group at the position of the first-order diffraction peak to make the lens group positioned along theta2And theta3The direction of the light is transmitted out of the intersection point, and the angle of the lens group is adjusted to be equal to the angle along theta3The direction of the transmitted light is vertical, so that the light with the wavelength of 194nm enters the mercury ion trapping room through the lens group.
2. The optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a filter having a center wavelength of 194nm for filtering a range of the separated light beam having a wavelength of 194nm after the diffraction grating.
3. The optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock according to claim 1, wherein the diffraction grating is a reflection grating or a transmission grating.
4. The optical path device for a mercury ion microwave clock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lens group is composed of at least 2 cylindrical lenses or prismatic lenses.
5. An optical path device adjusting method for a mercury ion microwave clock, which is realized by the device of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collimating light emitted by the mercury lamp;
separating light rays with the wavelengths of 194nm and 253nm by using a diffraction grating;
adjusting the angle theta of the diffraction grating and the parallel light1And determining the angle theta of the 253nm wavelength diffraction light by using a spectrometer2Angle theta of diffracted light with sum wavelength of 194nm3；
Adjusting the position and angle of the lens group at the position of the first-order diffraction peak to make the lens group positioned along theta2And theta3The direction of the light is transmitted out of the intersection point, and the angle of the lens group is adjusted to be equal to the angle along theta3The direction of the transmitted light is vertical, so that light with the wavelength of 194nm enters the mercury ion trapping room through the lens group;
the mercury ions are pumped.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the range of the light beam having a wavelength of 194nm is narrowed prior to pumping the mercury ions.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the light of wavelength 194nm is filtered prior to pumping the mercury ions.
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